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• The most efficient way to calculate an integral in a dataset range

  - by Annalisa

  I have an array of 10 rows by 20 columns. Each columns corresponds to a data set that cannot be fitted with any sort of continuous mathematical function (it's a series of numbers derived experimentally). I would like to calculate the integral of each column between row 4 and row 8, then store the obtained result in a new array (20 rows x 1 column). I have tried using different scipy.integrate modules (e.g. quad, trpz,...). The problem is that, from what I understand, scipy.integrate must be applied to functions, and I am not sure how to convert each column of my initial array into a function. As an alternative, I thought of calculating the average of each column between row 4 and row 8, then multiply this number by 4 (i.e. 8-4=4, the x-interval) and then store this into my final 20x1 array. The problem is...ehm...that I don't know how to calculate the average over a given range. The question I am asking are: Which method is more efficient/straightforward? Can integrals be calculated over a data set like the one that I have described? How do I calculate the average over a range of rows?

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• Two video card on one Mobo

  - by InfinityKing

  I recently purchased a new HP Pavilion p6-2265eo. It was then that I realised that it has only one DVI and one HDMI output.. I will connect my TV with the HDMI. so I am letft with only one DVI output. I need to have two monitors. Please help. Should I purchase a new video card and install it? My knowledge is limited. The specifications of my comp says that there is 1 x PCI-E x16, 3 x PCI-E x1. 1) I suppose that the video card already present in my purchase is connected on the PCI-E x16. Am I right? I dont want to open my desktop right now and check it for myself as it can void the warrenty. so I need an experienced person to tell me that. 2) I have an old nvidia geforce 7200 gt. Is it possible for me to connect it to my left over PCI-E x1? I searched for PCI-E x1 on the net and as far as I can understand the slot is too small for my old nvidia geforce 7200 gt graphic card. 3) what are the options? Please help this dummo :) Thankign you in advance,

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• List of values as keys for a Map

  - by thr

  I have lists of variable length where each item can be one of four unique, that I need to use as keys for another object in a map. Assume that each value can be either 0, 1, 2 or 3 (it's not integer in my real code, but a lot easier to explain this way) so a few examples of key lists could be: [1, 0, 2, 3] [3, 2, 1] [1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 3] [2, 3, 1, 1, 2] [1, 2] So, to re-iterate: each item in the list can be either 0, 1, 2 or 3 and there can be any number of items in a list. My first approach was to try to hash the contents of the array, using the built in GetHashCode() in .NET to combine the hash of each element. But since this would return an int I would have to deal with collisions manually (two equal int values are identical to a Dictionary). So my second approach was to use a quad tree, breaking down each item in the list into a Node that has four pointers (one for each possible value) to the next four possible values (with the root node representing [], an empty list), inserting [1, 0, 2] => Foo, [1, 3] => Bar and [1, 0] => Baz into this tree would look like this: Grey nodes nodes being unused pointers/nodes. Though I worry about the performance of this setup, but there will be no need to deal with hash collisions and the tree won't become to deep (there will mostly be lists with 2-6 items stored, rarely over 6). Is there some other magic way to store items with lists of values as keys that I have missed?

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• BizTalk 2009 - BizTalk Benchmark Wizard: Running a Test

  - by StuartBrierley

  The BizTalk Benchmark Wizard is a ultility that can be used to gain some validation of a BizTalk installation, giving a level of guidance on whether it is performing as might be expected.  It should be used after BizTalk Server has been installed and before any solutions are deployed to the environment.  This will ensure that you are getting consistent and clean results from the BizTalk Benchmark Wizard. The BizTalk Benchmark Wizard applies load to the BizTalk Server environment under a choice of specific scenarios. During these scenarios performance counter information is collected and assessed against statistics that are appropriate to the BizTalk Server environment. For details on installing the Benchmark Wizard see my previous post. The BizTalk Benchmarking Wizard provides two simple test scenarios, one for messaging and one for Orchestrations, which can be used to test your BizTalk implementation. Messaging Loadgen generates a new XML message and sends it over NetTCP A WCF-NetTCP Receive Location receives a the xml document from Loadgen. The PassThruReceive pipeline performs no processing and the message is published by the EPM to the MessageBox. The WCF One-Way Send Port, which is the only subscriber to the message, retrieves the message from the MessageBox The PassThruTransmit pipeline provides no additional processing The message is delivered to the back end WCF service by the WCF NetTCP adapter Orchestrations Loadgen generates a new XML message and sends it over NetTCP A WCF-NetTCP Receive Location receives a the xml document from Loadgen. The XMLReceive pipeline performs no processing and the message is published by the EPM to the MessageBox. The message is delivered to a simple Orchestration which consists of a receive location and a send port The WCF One-Way Send Port, which is the only subscriber to the Orchestration message, retrieves the message from the MessageBox The PassThruTransmit pipeline provides no additional processing The message is delivered to the back end WCF service by the WCF NetTCP adapter Below is a quick outline of how to run the BizTalk Benchmark Wizard on a single server, although it should be noted that this is not ideal as this server is then both generating and processing the load.  In order to separate this load out you should run the "Indigo" service on a seperate server. To start the BizTalk Benchmark Wizard click Start > All Programs > BizTalk Benchmark Wizard > BizTalk Benchmark Wizard. On this screen click next, you will then get the following pop up window. Check the server and database names and check the "check prerequsites" check-box before pressing ok.  The wizard will then check that the appropriate test scenarios are installed. You should then choose the test scenario that wish to run (messaging or orchestration) and the architecture that most closely matches your environment. You will then be asked to confirm the host server for each of the host instances. Next you will be presented with the prepare screen.  You will need to start the indigo service before pressing the Test Indigo Service Button. If you are running the indigo service on a separate server you can enter the server name here.  To start the indigo service click Start > All Programs > BizTalk Benchmark Wizard > Start Indigo Service.   While the test is running you will be presented with two speed dial type displays - one for the received messages per second and one for the processed messages per second. The green dial shows the current rate and the red dial shows the overall average rate.  Optionally you can view the CPU usage of the various servers involved in processing the tests. For my development environment I expected low results and this is what I got.  Although looking at the online high scores table and comparing to the quad core system listed, the results are perhaps not really that bad. At some time I may look at what improvements I can make to this score, but if you are interested in that now take a look at Benchmark your BizTalk Server (Part 3).

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• GLSL subroutine not being used

  - by amoffat

  I'm using a gaussian blur fragment shader. In it, I thought it would be concise to include 2 subroutines: one for selecting the horizontal texture coordinate offsets, and another for the vertical texture coordinate offsets. This way, I just have one gaussian blur shader to manage. Here is the code for my shader. The {{NAME}} bits are template placeholders that I substitute in at shader compile time: #version 420 subroutine vec2 sample_coord_type(int i); subroutine uniform sample_coord_type sample_coord; in vec2 texcoord; out vec3 color; uniform sampler2D tex; uniform int texture_size; const float offsets[{{NUM_SAMPLES}}] = float[]({{SAMPLE_OFFSETS}}); const float weights[{{NUM_SAMPLES}}] = float[]({{SAMPLE_WEIGHTS}}); subroutine(sample_coord_type) vec2 vertical_coord(int i) { return vec2(0.0, offsets[i] / texture_size); } subroutine(sample_coord_type) vec2 horizontal_coord(int i) { //return vec2(offsets[i] / texture_size, 0.0); return vec2(0.0, 0.0); // just for testing if this subroutine gets used } void main(void) { color = vec3(0.0); for (int i=0; i<{{NUM_SAMPLES}}; i++) { color += texture(tex, texcoord + sample_coord(i)).rgb * weights[i]; color += texture(tex, texcoord - sample_coord(i)).rgb * weights[i]; } } Here is my code for selecting the subroutine: blur_program->start(); blur_program->set_subroutine("sample_coord", "vertical_coord", GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER); blur_program->set_int("texture_size", width); blur_program->set_texture("tex", *deferred_output); blur_program->draw(); // draws a quad for the fragment shader to run on and: void ShaderProgram::set_subroutine(constr name, constr routine, GLenum target) { GLuint routine_index = glGetSubroutineIndex(id, target, routine.c_str()); GLuint uniform_index = glGetSubroutineUniformLocation(id, target, name.c_str()); glUniformSubroutinesuiv(target, 1, &routine_index); // debugging int num_subs; glGetActiveSubroutineUniformiv(id, target, uniform_index, GL_NUM_COMPATIBLE_SUBROUTINES, &num_subs); std::cout << uniform_index << " " << routine_index << " " << num_subs << "\n"; } I've checked for errors, and there are none. When I pass in vertical_coord as the routine to use, my scene is blurred vertically, as it should be. The routine_index variable is also 1 (which is weird, because vertical_coord subroutine is the first listed in the shader code...but no matter, maybe the compiler is switching things around) However, when I pass in horizontal_coord, my scene is STILL blurred vertically, even though the value of routine_index is 0, suggesting that a different subroutine is being used. Yet the horizontal_coord subroutine explicitly does not blur. What's more is, whichever subroutine comes first in the shader, is the subroutine that the shader uses permanently. Right now, vertical_coord comes first, so the shader blurs vertically always. If I put horizontal_coord first, the scene is unblurred, as expected, but then I cannot select the vertical_coord subroutine! :) Also, the value of num_subs is 2, suggesting that there are 2 subroutines compatible with my sample_coord subroutine uniform. Just to re-iterate, all of my return values are fine, and there are no glGetError() errors happening. Any ideas?

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• Speeding up procedural texture generation

  - by FalconNL

  Recently I've begun working on a game that takes place in a procedurally generated solar system. After a bit of a learning curve (having neither worked with Scala, OpenGL 2 ES or Libgdx before), I have a basic tech demo going where you spin around a single procedurally textured planet: The problem I'm running into is the performance of the texture generation. A quick overview of what I'm doing: a planet is a cube that has been deformed to a sphere. To each side, a n x n (e.g. 256 x 256) texture is applied, which are bundled in one 8n x n texture that is sent to the fragment shader. The last two spaces are not used, they're only there to make sure the width is a power of 2. The texture is currently generated on the CPU, using the updated 2012 version of the simplex noise algorithm linked to in the paper 'Simplex noise demystified'. The scene I'm using to test the algorithm contains two spheres: the planet and the background. Both use a greyscale texture consisting of six octaves of 3D simplex noise, so for example if we choose 128x128 as the texture size there are 128 x 128 x 6 x 2 x 6 = about 1.2 million calls to the noise function. The closest you will get to the planet is about what's shown in the screenshot and since the game's target resolution is 1280x720 that means I'd prefer to use 512x512 textures. Combine that with the fact the actual textures will of course be more complicated than basic noise (There will be a day and night texture, blended in the fragment shader based on sunlight, and a specular mask. I need noise for continents, terrain color variation, clouds, city lights, etc.) and we're looking at something like 512 x 512 x 6 x 3 x 15 = 70 million noise calls for the planet alone. In the final game, there will be activities when traveling between planets, so a wait of 5 or 10 seconds, possibly 20, would be acceptable since I can calculate the texture in the background while traveling, though obviously the faster the better. Getting back to our test scene, performance on my PC isn't too terrible, though still too slow considering the final result is going to be about 60 times worse: 128x128 : 0.1s 256x256 : 0.4s 512x512 : 1.7s This is after I moved all performance-critical code to Java, since trying to do so in Scala was a lot worse. Running this on my phone (a Samsung Galaxy S3), however, produces a more problematic result: 128x128 : 2s 256x256 : 7s 512x512 : 29s Already far too long, and that's not even factoring in the fact that it'll be minutes instead of seconds in the final version. Clearly something needs to be done. Personally, I see a few potential avenues, though I'm not particularly keen on any of them yet: Don't precalculate the textures, but let the fragment shader calculate everything. Probably not feasible, because at one point I had the background as a fullscreen quad with a pixel shader and I got about 1 fps on my phone. Use the GPU to render the texture once, store it and use the stored texture from then on. Upside: might be faster than doing it on the CPU since the GPU is supposed to be faster at floating point calculations. Downside: effects that cannot (easily) be expressed as functions of simplex noise (e.g. gas planet vortices, moon craters, etc.) are a lot more difficult to code in GLSL than in Scala/Java. Calculate a large amount of noise textures and ship them with the application. I'd like to avoid this if at all possible. Lower the resolution. Buys me a 4x performance gain, which isn't really enough plus I lose a lot of quality. Find a faster noise algorithm. If anyone has one I'm all ears, but simplex is already supposed to be faster than perlin. Adopt a pixel art style, allowing for lower resolution textures and fewer noise octaves. While I originally envisioned the game in this style, I've come to prefer the realistic approach. I'm doing something wrong and the performance should already be one or two orders of magnitude better. If this is the case, please let me know. If anyone has any suggestions, tips, workarounds, or other comments regarding this problem I'd love to hear them.

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• Problems implementing a screen space shadow ray tracing shader

  - by Grieverheart

  Here I previously asked for the possibility of ray tracing shadows in screen space in a deferred shader. Several problems were pointed out. One of the most important problem is that only visible objects can cast shadows and objects between the camera and the shadow caster can interfere. Still I thought it'd be a fun experiment. The idea is to calculate the view coordinates of pixels and cast a ray to the light. The ray is then traced pixel by pixel to the light and its depth is compared with the depth at the pixel. If a pixel is in front of the ray, a shadow is casted at the original pixel. At first I thought that I could use the DDA algorithm in 2D to calculate the distance 't' (in p = o + t d, where o origin, d direction) to the next pixel and use it in the 3D ray equation to find the ray's z coordinate at that pixel's position. For the 2D ray, I would use the projected and biased 3D ray direction and origin. The idea was that 't' would be the same in both 2D and 3D equations. Unfortunately, this is not the case since the projection matrix is 4D. Thus, some tweak needs to be done to make this work this way. I would like to ask if someone knows of a way to do what I described above, i.e. from a 2D ray in texture coordinate space to get the 3D ray in screen space. I did implement a simple version of the idea which you can see in the following video: video here Shadows may seem a bit pixelated, but that's mostly because of the size of the step in 't' I chose. And here is the shader: #version 330 core uniform sampler2D DepthMap; uniform vec2 projAB; uniform mat4 projectionMatrix; const vec3 light_p = vec3(-30.0, 30.0, -10.0); noperspective in vec2 pass_TexCoord; smooth in vec3 viewRay; layout(location = 0) out float out_AO; vec3 CalcPosition(void){ float depth = texture(DepthMap, pass_TexCoord).r; float linearDepth = projAB.y / (depth - projAB.x); vec3 ray = normalize(viewRay); ray = ray / ray.z; return linearDepth * ray; } void main(void){ vec3 origin = CalcPosition(); if(origin.z < -60) discard; vec2 pixOrigin = pass_TexCoord; //tex coords vec3 dir = normalize(light_p - origin); vec2 texel_size = vec2(1.0 / 600.0); float t = 0.1; ivec2 pixIndex = ivec2(pixOrigin / texel_size); out_AO = 1.0; while(true){ vec3 ray = origin + t * dir; vec4 temp = projectionMatrix * vec4(ray, 1.0); vec2 texCoord = (temp.xy / temp.w) * 0.5 + 0.5; ivec2 newIndex = ivec2(texCoord / texel_size); if(newIndex != pixIndex){ float depth = texture(DepthMap, texCoord).r; float linearDepth = projAB.y / (depth - projAB.x); if(linearDepth > ray.z + 0.1){ out_AO = 0.2; break; } pixIndex = newIndex; } t += 0.5; if(texCoord.x < 0 || texCoord.x > 1.0 || texCoord.y < 0 || texCoord.y > 1.0) break; } } As you can see, here I just increment 't' by some arbitrary factor, calculate the 3D ray and project it to get the pixel coordinates, which is not really optimal. Hopefully, I would like to optimize the code as much as possible and compare it with shadow mapping and how it scales with the number of lights. PS: Keep in mind that I reconstruct position from depth by interpolating rays through a full screen quad.

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• SDL_image & OpenGL Problem

  - by Dylan

  i've been following tutorials online to load textures using SDL and display them on a opengl quad. but ive been getting weird results that no one else on the internet seems to be getting... so when i render the texture in opengl i get something like this. http://www.kiddiescissors.com/after.png when the original .bmp file is this: http://www.kiddiescissors.com/before.bmp ive tried other images too, so its not that this particular image is corrupt. it seems like my rgb channels are all jumbled or something. im pulling my hair out at this point. heres the relevant code from my init() function if ( SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO) != 0 ) { return 1; } SDL_GL_SetAttribute(SDL_GL_DOUBLEBUFFER, 1); SDL_GL_SetAttribute( SDL_GL_RED_SIZE, 8 ); SDL_GL_SetAttribute( SDL_GL_GREEN_SIZE, 8 ); SDL_GL_SetAttribute( SDL_GL_BLUE_SIZE, 8 ); SDL_GL_SetAttribute( SDL_GL_ALPHA_SIZE, 8 ); SDL_GL_SetAttribute(SDL_GL_MULTISAMPLEBUFFERS, 1); SDL_GL_SetAttribute(SDL_GL_MULTISAMPLESAMPLES, 4); SDL_SetVideoMode(WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_HEIGHT, 32, SDL_HWSURFACE | SDL_GL_DOUBLEBUFFER | SDL_OPENGL); glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glLoadIdentity(); gluPerspective(50, (GLfloat)WINDOW_WIDTH/WINDOW_HEIGHT, 1, 50); glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); glLoadIdentity(); glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); glEnable(GL_MULTISAMPLE); glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D); glTexEnvi(GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL_TEXTURE_ENV_MODE, GL_MODULATE); glBlendFunc(GL_ONE, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA); glEnable(GL_BLEND); heres the code that is called when my main player object (the one with which this sprite is associated) is initialized texture = 0; SDL_Surface* surface = IMG_Load("i.bmp"); glGenTextures(1, &texture); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture); glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, surface->w, surface->h, 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, surface->pixels); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR); SDL_FreeSurface(surface); and then heres the relevant code from my display function glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); glLoadIdentity(); glColor4f(1, 1, 1, 1); glPushMatrix(); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture); glTranslatef(getCenter().x, getCenter().y, 0); glRotatef(getAngle()*(180/M_PI), 0, 0, 1); glTranslatef(-getCenter().x, -getCenter().y, 0); glBegin(GL_QUADS); glTexCoord2f(0, 0); glVertex3f(getTopLeft().x, getTopLeft().y, 0); glTexCoord2f(0, 1); glVertex3f(getTopLeft().x, getTopLeft().y + size.y, 0); glTexCoord2f(1, 1); glVertex3f(getTopLeft().x + size.x, getTopLeft().y + size.y, 0); glTexCoord2f(1, 0); glVertex3f(getTopLeft().x + size.x, getTopLeft().y, 0); glEnd(); glPopMatrix(); let me know if i left out anything important... or if you need more info from me. thanks a ton, -Dylan

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• How the number of indexes built on a table can impact performances?

  - by Davide Mauri

  We all know that putting too many indexes (I’m talking of non-clustered index only, of course) on table may produce performance problems due to the overhead that each index bring to all insert/update/delete operations on that table. But how much? I mean, we all agree – I think – that, generally speaking, having many indexes on a table is “bad”. But how bad it can be? How much the performance will degrade? And on a concurrent system how much this situation can also hurts SELECT performances? If SQL Server take more time to update a row on a table due to the amount of indexes it also has to update, this also means that locks will be held for more time, slowing down the perceived performance of all queries involved. I was quite curious to measure this, also because when teaching it’s by far more impressive and effective to show to attended a chart with the measured impact, so that they can really “feel” what it means! To do the tests, I’ve create a script that creates a table (that has a clustered index on the primary key which is an identity column) , loads 1000 rows into the table (inserting 1000 row using only one insert, instead of issuing 1000 insert of one row, in order to minimize the overhead needed to handle the transaction, that would have otherwise ), and measures the time taken to do it. The process is then repeated 16 times, each time adding a new index on the table, using columns from table in a round-robin fashion. Test are done against different row sizes, so that it’s possible to check if performance changes depending on row size. The result are interesting, although expected. This is the chart showing how much time it takes to insert 1000 on a table that has from 0 to 16 non-clustered indexes. Each test has been run 20 times in order to have an average value. The value has been cleaned from outliers value due to unpredictable performance fluctuations due to machine activity. The test shows that in a  table with a row size of 80 bytes, 1000 rows can be inserted in 9,05 msec if no indexes are present on the table, and the value grows up to 88 (!!!) msec when you have 16 indexes on it This means a impact on performance of 975%. That’s *huge*! Now, what happens if we have a bigger row size? Say that we have a table with a row size of 1520 byte. Here’s the data, from 0 to 16 indexes on that table: In this case we need near 22 msec to insert 1000 in a table with no indexes, but we need more that 500msec if the table has 16 active indexes! Now we’re talking of a 2410% impact on performance! Now we can have a tangible idea of what’s the impact of having (too?) many indexes on a table and also how the size of a row also impact performances. That’s why the golden rule of OLTP databases “few indexes, but good” is so true! (And in fact last week I saw a database with tables with 1700bytes row size and 23 (!!!) indexes on them!) This also means that a too heavy denormalization is really not a good idea (we’re always talking about OLTP systems, keep it in mind), since the performance get worse with the increase of the row size. So, be careful out there, and keep in mind the “equilibrium” is the key world of a database professional: equilibrium between read and write performance, between normalization and denormalization, between to few and too may indexes. PS Tests are done on a VMWare Workstation 7 VM with 2 CPU and 4 GB of Memory. Host machine is a Dell Precsioni M6500 with i7 Extreme X920 Quad-Core HT 2.0Ghz and 16Gb of RAM. Database is stored on a SSD Intel X-25E Drive, Simple Recovery Model, running on SQL Server 2008 R2. If you also want to to tests on your own, you can download the test script here: Open TestIndexPerformance.sql

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• Virtualized data centre&ndash;Part three: Architecture

  - by marc dekeyser

  Having the basics (like discussed in the previous articles) is all good and well, but how do we get started on this?! It can be quite daunting after all!   From my own point of view I can absolutely confirm your worries and concerns, but also tell you that it is not as hard as it seems! Deciding on what kind of motherboard to buy, processor and how much memory is an activity you will spend quite some time doing research on. And that is not even mentioning storage! All in all it comes down to setting you expectations and your budget. Probably adjusting your expectations according to your budget :). Processors As a rule of thumb you want VT-D (virtualization) technology built in to the processor allowing you to have 64 bit machines running on your host. Memory The more the better! If you are building a home lab don’t bother with ECC unless you are going to run machines that absolutely should be on all the time and your comfort depends on it! Motherboard Depends on what you are going to do with storage: If you are going the NAS way then the number of SATA port/RAID capabilities do not really matter. If you decide to have a single server with lots of dedicated storage it obviously matters how much SATA ports you will have, alternatively you could use a RAID controller (but these set you back a pretty penny if you want one. DELL 6i’s are usually available for a good bargain if you can find one!). Easiest is to get one with a built-in graphics card (on-board) as you are just adding more heat, power usage and possible points of failure. Networking Just like your choice of motherboard the networking side tends to depend on how you want to go. A single virtualization  host with local storage can usually get away with having a single network card, a cluster or server which uses iSCSI storage tends to have more than one teamed up :). Storage The dreaded beast from the dark! The horror which lives in the forest! The most difficult decision you are going to make in the building of your lab. Why you might ask? Simple my friend, having the right choice of storage can make or break your virtualization solution. The performance of you storage choice will have an important impact on the responsiveness of your virtual machines and the deployment of new machines. It also makes a run with your budget! If you decide to go the NAS route you will be dropping a lot more money than if you would be having just a bunch of disks sitting in a server and manually distributing the virtual machines over the disks. Platform I’m a Microsoftee so Hyper-V is a dead giveaway for me. If you are interested in using VMware I won’t stop you but the rest of my posts will be oriented on Server 2012 Hyper-V (aka 3.0)! What did I use? Before someone asks me this in the comments I’ll give you a quick run down of what I am using. - Intel 2.4 quad core processors (i something something) - 24 GB DDR3 Memory - Single disk in each server (might look at this as I move the servers to 2012) - Synology DS1812+ NAS - 3 network interfaces where possible - HP1800 procurve managed switch I decided to spring for the NAS as I will also be using it for backups and media storage (which is working out quite nicely with my Xbox 360 I must say). At the time of building my 2 boxes (over a year and a half ago) these set me back about 900 euros each so I can image you can build the same or better for a lower price. Next article will be diagramming what I want to achieve and starting a build on the Hyper V 3.0 cluster!

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• Projective texture and deferred lighting

  - by Vodácek

  In my previous question, I asked whether it is possible to do projective texturing with deferred lighting. Now (more than half a year later) I have a problem with my implementation of the same thing. I am trying to apply this technique in light pass. (my projector doesn't affect albedo). I have this projector View a Projection matrix: Matrix projection = Matrix.CreateOrthographicOffCenter(-halfWidth * Scale, halfWidth * Scale, -halfHeight * Scale, halfHeight * Scale, 1, 100000); Matrix view = Matrix.CreateLookAt(Position, Target, Vector3.Up); Where halfWidth and halfHeight is are half of the texture's width and height, Position is the Projector's position and target is the projector's target. This seems to be ok. I am drawing full screen quad with this shader: float4x4 InvViewProjection; texture2D DepthTexture; texture2D NormalTexture; texture2D ProjectorTexture; float4x4 ProjectorViewProjection; sampler2D depthSampler = sampler_state { texture = <DepthTexture>; minfilter = point; magfilter = point; mipfilter = point; }; sampler2D normalSampler = sampler_state { texture = <NormalTexture>; minfilter = point; magfilter = point; mipfilter = point; }; sampler2D projectorSampler = sampler_state { texture = <ProjectorTexture>; AddressU = Clamp; AddressV = Clamp; }; float viewportWidth; float viewportHeight; // Calculate the 2D screen position of a 3D position float2 postProjToScreen(float4 position) { float2 screenPos = position.xy / position.w; return 0.5f * (float2(screenPos.x, -screenPos.y) + 1); } // Calculate the size of one half of a pixel, to convert // between texels and pixels float2 halfPixel() { return 0.5f / float2(viewportWidth, viewportHeight); } struct VertexShaderInput { float4 Position : POSITION0; }; struct VertexShaderOutput { float4 Position :POSITION0; float4 PositionCopy : TEXCOORD1; }; VertexShaderOutput VertexShaderFunction(VertexShaderInput input) { VertexShaderOutput output; output.Position = input.Position; output.PositionCopy=output.Position; return output; } float4 PixelShaderFunction(VertexShaderOutput input) : COLOR0 { float2 texCoord =postProjToScreen(input.PositionCopy) + halfPixel(); // Extract the depth for this pixel from the depth map float4 depth = tex2D(depthSampler, texCoord); //return float4(depth.r,0,0,1); // Recreate the position with the UV coordinates and depth value float4 position; position.x = texCoord.x * 2 - 1; position.y = (1 - texCoord.y) * 2 - 1; position.z = depth.r; position.w = 1.0f; // Transform position from screen space to world space position = mul(position, InvViewProjection); position.xyz /= position.w; //compute projection float3 projection=tex2D(projectorSampler,postProjToScreen(mul(position,ProjectorViewProjection)) + halfPixel()); return float4(projection,1); } In first part of pixel shader is recovered position from G-buffer (this code I am using in other shaders without any problem) and then is tranformed to projector viewprojection space. Problem is that projection doesn't appear. Here is an image of my situation: The green lines are the rendered projector frustum. Where is my mistake hidden? I am using XNA 4. Thanks for advice and sorry for my English. EDIT: Shader above is working but projection was too small. When I changed the Scale property to a large value (e.g. 100), the projection appears. But when the camera moves toward the projection, the projection expands, as can bee seen on this YouTube video.

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• Best approach to depth streaming via existing codec

  - by Kevin

  I'm working on a development system (and game) intended for games set mostly in static third-person views. We produce our scenery by CG and photographic techniques. Our background art is rendered off-line by a production-grade renderer. To allow the runtime imagery to properly interact with the background art, I wrote a program to convert from depth output by Mental Ray into a texture, and a pixel shader to draw a quad such that the Z data comes from the texture. This technique is working out very well, but now we've decided that some of the camera angle changes between scenes should be animated. The animation itself is straightforward to produce from our CG models. We intend to encode it to some HD video codec such as H.264. The problem is that in order to maintain our runtime imagery on the screen, the depth buffer will need to be loaded for each video frame. Due to the bandwidth, the video's depth data will need to be compressed efficiently. I've looked into methods for performing temporal compression of depth info and found an interesting research paper here: http://web4.cs.ucl.ac.uk/staff/j.kautz/publications/depth-streaming.pdf The method establishes a mapping between 16-bit depth values and YCbCr values. The mapping is tuned to the properties of existing video codecs in order to maximize precision of the decoded depths after the YCbCr has undergone video compression. It allows an existing, unmodified video codec to be used on the backend. I'm looking at how to pull this off with the least possible work. (This design change was unplanned.) Our game engine itself is native C++, presently for Win32 and DirectX, although we've worked hard to keep platform dependence segregated because we intend other ports. We don't have motion video facilities in the engine yet but will ultimately need that anyway for cinematics. I was planning on using some off-the-shelf motion video solution we can plug into our engine, and haven't chosen one yet. This new added requirement makes selecting one harder since, among other things, we'll now need to bypass colourspace conversion on one of the streams, and also will need to be playing two streams simultaneously in lockstep, on top of in some cases audio on one of them (for the cinematics). I'm also wondering if it's possible (or even useful) to do the conversion from YCbCr to depth in a pixel shader, or if it's better to just do it in CPU and separately load the resulting depth values into a locked tex. The conversion unfortunately does involve branching logic per-pixel. (There are more naive mappings that don't need branching, but they produce inferior results.) It could be reduced to a table lookup but the table would be 32MB. Programming is second-nature to me but I'm not that experienced with pix shaders and have zero knowledge of off-the-shelf video solutions. I'd therefore be interested in advice from others who may have dealt more with depth streaming, pixel shaders, and/or off-the-shelf codecs, regarding how feasible the proposed application is and what off-the-shelf video systems out there would best get along with this usage case.

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• With a little effort you can &ldquo;SEMI&rdquo;-protect your C# assemblies with obfuscation.

  - by mbcrump

  This method will not protect your assemblies from a experienced hacker. Everyday we see new keygens, cracks, serials being released that contain ways around copy protection from small companies. This is a simple process that will make a lot of hackers quit because so many others use nothing. If you were a thief would you pick the house that has security signs and an alarm or one that has nothing? To so begin: Obfuscation is the concealment of meaning in communication, making it confusing and harder to interpret. Lets begin by looking at the cartoon below:     You are probably familiar with the term and probably ignored this like most programmers ignore user security. Today, I’m going to show you reflection and a way to obfuscate it. Please understand that I am aware of ways around this, but I believe some security is better than no security.  In this sample program below, the code appears exactly as it does in Visual Studio. When the program runs, you get either a true or false in a console window. Sample Program. using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Linq;   namespace ObfuscateMe {     class Program     {                static void Main(string[] args)         {               Console.WriteLine(IsProcessOpen("notepad")); //Returns a True or False depending if you have notepad running.             Console.ReadLine();         }             public static bool IsProcessOpen(string name)         {             return Process.GetProcesses().Any(clsProcess => clsProcess.ProcessName.Contains(name));         }     } }   Pretend, that this is a commercial application. The hacker will only have the executable and maybe a few config files, etc. After reviewing the executable, he can determine if it was produced in .NET by examing the file in ILDASM or Redgate’s Reflector. We are going to examine the file using RedGate’s Reflector. Upon launch, we simply drag/drop the exe over to the application. We have the following for the Main method:   and for the IsProcessOpen method:     Without any other knowledge as to how this works, the hacker could export the exe and get vs project build or copy this code in and our application would run. Using Reflector output. using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Linq;   namespace ObfuscateMe {     class Program     {                static void Main(string[] args)         {               Console.WriteLine(IsProcessOpen("notepad"));             Console.ReadLine();         }             public static bool IsProcessOpen(string name)         {             return Process.GetProcesses().Any<Process>(delegate(Process clsProcess)             {                 return clsProcess.ProcessName.Contains(name);             });         }       } } The code is not identical, but returns the same value. At this point, with a little bit of effort you could prevent the hacker from reverse engineering your code so quickly by using Eazfuscator.NET. Eazfuscator.NET is just one of many programs built for this. Visual Studio ships with a community version of Dotfoscutor. So download and load Eazfuscator.NET and drag/drop your exectuable/project into the window. It will work for a few minutes depending if you have a quad-core or not. After it finishes, open the executable in RedGate Reflector and you will get the following: Main After Obfuscation IsProcessOpen Method after obfuscation: As you can see with the jumbled characters, it is not as easy as the first example. I am aware of methods around this, but it takes more effort and unless the hacker is up for the challenge, they will just pick another program. This is also helpful if you are a consultant and make clients pay a yearly license fee. This would prevent the average software developer from jumping into your security routine after you have left. I hope this article helped someone. If you have any feedback, please leave it in the comments below.

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• Concurrent Affairs

  - by Tony Davis

  I once wrote an editorial, multi-core mania, on the conundrum of ever-increasing numbers of processor cores, but without the concurrent programming techniques to get anywhere near exploiting their performance potential. I came to the.controversial.conclusion that, while the problem loomed for all procedural languages, it was not a big issue for the vast majority of programmers. Two years later, I still think most programmers don't concern themselves overly with this issue, but I do think that's a bigger problem than I originally implied. Firstly, is the performance boost from writing code that can fully exploit all available cores worth the cost of the additional programming complexity? Right now, with quad-core processors that, at best, can make our programs four times faster, the answer is still no for many applications. But what happens in a few years, as the number of cores grows to 100 or even 1000? At this point, it becomes very hard to ignore the potential gains from exploiting concurrency. Possibly, I was optimistic to assume that, by the time we have 100-core processors, and most applications really needed to exploit them, some technology would be around to allow us to do so with relative ease. The ideal solution would be one that allows programmers to forget about the problem, in much the same way that garbage collection removed the need to worry too much about memory allocation. From all I can find on the topic, though, there is only a remote likelihood that we'll ever have a compiler that takes a program written in a single-threaded style and "auto-magically" converts it into an efficient, correct, multi-threaded program. At the same time, it seems clear that what is currently the most common solution, multi-threaded programming with shared memory, is unsustainable. As soon as a piece of state can be changed by a different thread of execution, the potential number of execution paths through your program grows exponentially with the number of threads. If you have two threads, each executing n instructions, then there are 2^n possible "interleavings" of those instructions. Of course, many of those interleavings will have identical behavior, but several won't. Not only does this make understanding how a program works an order of magnitude harder, but it will also result in irreproducible, non-deterministic, bugs. And of course, the problem will be many times worse when you have a hundred or a thousand threads. So what is the answer? All of the possible alternatives require a change in the way we write programs and, currently, seem to be plagued by performance issues. Software transactional memory (STM) applies the ideas of database transactions, and optimistic concurrency control, to memory. However, working out how to break down your program into sufficiently small transactions, so as to avoid contention issues, isn't easy. Another approach is concurrency with actors, where instead of having threads share memory, each thread runs in complete isolation, and communicates with others by passing messages. It simplifies concurrent programs but still has performance issues, if the threads need to operate on the same large piece of data. There are doubtless other possible solutions that I haven't mentioned, and I would love to know to what extent you, as a developer, are considering the problem of multi-core concurrency, what solution you currently favor, and why. Cheers, Tony.

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• Wubi and Vista 64 bits can't work

  - by Daok

  First of all, I have posted this issue at Ubuntu Forum without success yet. Hello, I have downloaded "kubuntu-9.10-desktop-amd64.iso" and I have mounted it on my Windows Vista 64 bits Ultimate. I have downloaded wubi 9.10. The problem is when installing, it crash after few time. Here is the log file: 11-26 21:07 INFO root: === wubi 9.10ubuntu1 rev160 === 11-26 21:07 DEBUG root: Logfile is c:\users\patrick\appdata\local\temp\wubi-9.10ubuntu1-rev160.log 11-26 21:07 DEBUG root: sys.argv = ['main.pyo', '--exefile="Z:\\wubi.exe"'] 11-26 21:07 DEBUG CommonBackend: data_dir=C:\Users\Patrick\AppData\Local\Temp\pyl5A09.tmp\data 11-26 21:07 DEBUG WindowsBackend: 7z=C:\Users\Patrick\AppData\Local\Temp\pyl5A09.tmp\bin\7z.exe 11-26 21:07 DEBUG CommonBackend: Fetching basic info... 11-26 21:07 DEBUG CommonBackend: original_exe=Z:\wubi.exe 11-26 21:07 DEBUG CommonBackend: platform=win32 11-26 21:07 DEBUG CommonBackend: osname=nt 11-26 21:07 DEBUG CommonBackend: language=fr_CA 11-26 21:07 DEBUG CommonBackend: encoding=cp1252 11-26 21:07 DEBUG WindowsBackend: arch=amd64 11-26 21:07 DEBUG CommonBackend: Parsing isolist=C:\Users\Patrick\AppData\Local\Temp\pyl5A09.tmp\data\isolist.ini 11-26 21:07 DEBUG CommonBackend: Adding distro Xubuntu-i386 11-26 21:07 DEBUG CommonBackend: Adding distro Xubuntu-amd64 11-26 21:07 DEBUG CommonBackend: Adding distro Kubuntu-amd64 11-26 21:07 DEBUG CommonBackend: Adding distro Mythbuntu-i386 11-26 21:07 DEBUG CommonBackend: Adding distro Ubuntu-amd64 11-26 21:07 DEBUG CommonBackend: Adding distro Ubuntu-i386 11-26 21:07 DEBUG CommonBackend: Adding distro Mythbuntu-amd64 11-26 21:07 DEBUG CommonBackend: Adding distro Kubuntu-i386 11-26 21:07 DEBUG CommonBackend: Adding distro KubuntuNetbook-i386 11-26 21:07 DEBUG CommonBackend: Adding distro UbuntuNetbookRemix-i386 11-26 21:07 DEBUG WindowsBackend: Fetching host info... 11-26 21:07 DEBUG WindowsBackend: registry_key=Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\Wubi 11-26 21:07 DEBUG WindowsBackend: windows version=vista 11-26 21:07 DEBUG WindowsBackend: windows_version2=Windows (TM) Vista Ultimate 11-26 21:07 DEBUG WindowsBackend: windows_sp=None 11-26 21:07 DEBUG WindowsBackend: windows_build=6002 11-26 21:07 DEBUG WindowsBackend: gmt=-5 11-26 21:07 DEBUG WindowsBackend: country=CA 11-26 21:07 DEBUG WindowsBackend: timezone=America/Montreal 11-26 21:07 DEBUG WindowsBackend: windows_username=Patrick 11-26 21:07 DEBUG WindowsBackend: user_full_name=Patrick 11-26 21:07 DEBUG WindowsBackend: user_directory=C:\Users\Patrick 11-26 21:07 DEBUG WindowsBackend: windows_language_code=1036 11-26 21:07 DEBUG WindowsBackend: windows_language=French 11-26 21:07 DEBUG WindowsBackend: processor_name=Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Quad CPU Q6600 @ 2.40GHz 11-26 21:07 DEBUG WindowsBackend: bootloader=vista 11-26 21:07 DEBUG WindowsBackend: system_drive=Drive(C: hd 239816.335938 mb free ntfs) 11-26 21:07 DEBUG WindowsBackend: drive=Drive(C: hd 239816.335938 mb free ntfs) 11-26 21:07 DEBUG WindowsBackend: drive=Drive(D: cd 0.0 mb free ) 11-26 21:07 DEBUG WindowsBackend: drive=Drive(E: hd 483619.367188 mb free ntfs) 11-26 21:07 DEBUG WindowsBackend: drive=Drive(G: hd 84606.9375 mb free fat32) 11-26 21:07 DEBUG WindowsBackend: drive=Drive(Z: cd 0.0 mb free cdfs) 11-26 21:07 DEBUG WindowsBackend: uninstaller_path=C:\ubuntu\uninstall-wubi.exe 11-26 21:07 DEBUG WindowsBackend: previous_target_dir=C:\ubuntu 11-26 21:07 DEBUG WindowsBackend: previous_distro_name=Kubuntu 11-26 21:07 DEBUG WindowsBackend: keyboard_id=269029385 11-26 21:07 DEBUG WindowsBackend: keyboard_layout=ca 11-26 21:07 DEBUG WindowsBackend: keyboard_variant= 11-26 21:07 DEBUG CommonBackend: python locale=('fr_CA', 'cp1252') 11-26 21:07 DEBUG CommonBackend: locale=fr_CA.UTF-8 11-26 21:07 DEBUG WindowsBackend: total_memory_mb=4095.99999905 11-26 21:07 DEBUG CommonBackend: Searching ISOs on USB devices 11-26 21:07 DEBUG CommonBackend: Searching for local CDs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether C:\Users\Patrick\AppData\Local\Temp\pyl5A09.tmp is a valid Ubuntu CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain C:\Users\Patrick\AppData\Local\Temp\pyl5A09.tmp\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether C:\Users\Patrick\AppData\Local\Temp\pyl5A09.tmp is a valid Ubuntu CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain C:\Users\Patrick\AppData\Local\Temp\pyl5A09.tmp\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether C:\Users\Patrick\AppData\Local\Temp\pyl5A09.tmp is a valid Ubuntu Netbook Remix CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain C:\Users\Patrick\AppData\Local\Temp\pyl5A09.tmp\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether C:\Users\Patrick\AppData\Local\Temp\pyl5A09.tmp is a valid Kubuntu CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain C:\Users\Patrick\AppData\Local\Temp\pyl5A09.tmp\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether C:\Users\Patrick\AppData\Local\Temp\pyl5A09.tmp is a valid Kubuntu CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain C:\Users\Patrick\AppData\Local\Temp\pyl5A09.tmp\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether C:\Users\Patrick\AppData\Local\Temp\pyl5A09.tmp is a valid Kubuntu Netbook CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain C:\Users\Patrick\AppData\Local\Temp\pyl5A09.tmp\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether C:\Users\Patrick\AppData\Local\Temp\pyl5A09.tmp is a valid Xubuntu CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain C:\Users\Patrick\AppData\Local\Temp\pyl5A09.tmp\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether C:\Users\Patrick\AppData\Local\Temp\pyl5A09.tmp is a valid Xubuntu CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain C:\Users\Patrick\AppData\Local\Temp\pyl5A09.tmp\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether C:\Users\Patrick\AppData\Local\Temp\pyl5A09.tmp is a valid Mythbuntu CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain C:\Users\Patrick\AppData\Local\Temp\pyl5A09.tmp\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether C:\Users\Patrick\AppData\Local\Temp\pyl5A09.tmp is a valid Mythbuntu CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain C:\Users\Patrick\AppData\Local\Temp\pyl5A09.tmp\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether D:\ is a valid Ubuntu CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain D:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether D:\ is a valid Ubuntu CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain D:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether D:\ is a valid Ubuntu Netbook Remix CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain D:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether D:\ is a valid Kubuntu CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain D:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether D:\ is a valid Kubuntu CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain D:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether D:\ is a valid Kubuntu Netbook CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain D:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether D:\ is a valid Xubuntu CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain D:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether D:\ is a valid Xubuntu CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain D:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether D:\ is a valid Mythbuntu CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain D:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether D:\ is a valid Mythbuntu CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain D:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether E:\ is a valid Ubuntu CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain E:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether E:\ is a valid Ubuntu CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain E:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether E:\ is a valid Ubuntu Netbook Remix CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain E:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether E:\ is a valid Kubuntu CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain E:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether E:\ is a valid Kubuntu CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain E:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether E:\ is a valid Kubuntu Netbook CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain E:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether E:\ is a valid Xubuntu CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain E:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether E:\ is a valid Xubuntu CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain E:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether E:\ is a valid Mythbuntu CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain E:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether E:\ is a valid Mythbuntu CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain E:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether G:\ is a valid Ubuntu CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain G:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether G:\ is a valid Ubuntu CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain G:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether G:\ is a valid Ubuntu Netbook Remix CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain G:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether G:\ is a valid Kubuntu CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain G:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether G:\ is a valid Kubuntu CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain G:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether G:\ is a valid Kubuntu Netbook CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain G:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether G:\ is a valid Xubuntu CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain G:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether G:\ is a valid Xubuntu CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain G:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether G:\ is a valid Mythbuntu CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain G:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether G:\ is a valid Mythbuntu CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain G:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether Z:\ is a valid Ubuntu CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: parsing info from str=Kubuntu 9.10 "Karmic Koala" - Release amd64 (20091027) 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: parsed info={'name': 'Kubuntu', 'subversion': 'Release', 'version': '9.10', 'build': '20091027', 'codename': 'Karmic Koala', 'arch': 'amd64'} 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: wrong name: Kubuntu != Ubuntu 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether Z:\ is a valid Ubuntu CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: wrong name: Kubuntu != Ubuntu 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether Z:\ is a valid Ubuntu Netbook Remix CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: wrong name: Kubuntu != Ubuntu Netbook Remix 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether Z:\ is a valid Kubuntu CD 11-26 21:07 INFO Distro: Found a valid CD for Kubuntu: Z:\ 11-26 21:07 INFO root: Running the CD menu... 11-26 21:07 DEBUG WindowsFrontend: __init__... 11-26 21:07 DEBUG WindowsFrontend: on_init... 11-26 21:07 INFO WinuiPage: appname=wubi, localedir=C:\Users\Patrick\AppData\Local\Temp\pyl5A09.tmp\translations, languages=['fr_CA', 'fr'] 11-26 21:07 INFO WinuiPage: appname=wubi, localedir=C:\Users\Patrick\AppData\Local\Temp\pyl5A09.tmp\translations, languages=['fr_CA', 'fr'] 11-26 21:07 INFO root: CD menu finished 11-26 21:07 INFO root: Already installed, running the uninstaller... 11-26 21:07 INFO root: Running the uninstaller... 11-26 21:07 INFO CommonBackend: This is the uninstaller running 11-26 21:07 INFO WinuiPage: appname=wubi, localedir=C:\Users\Patrick\AppData\Local\Temp\pyl5A09.tmp\translations, languages=['fr_CA', 'fr'] 11-26 21:07 INFO root: Received settings 11-26 21:07 INFO WinuiPage: appname=wubi, localedir=C:\Users\Patrick\AppData\Local\Temp\pyl5A09.tmp\translations, languages=['fr_CA', 'fr'] 11-26 21:07 DEBUG TaskList: # Running tasklist... 11-26 21:07 DEBUG TaskList: ## Running Sauvegarder l'ISO... 11-26 21:07 DEBUG TaskList: ## Finished Sauvegarder l'ISO 11-26 21:07 DEBUG TaskList: ## Running Supprimer l'entrée pour le programme d'amorçage... 11-26 21:07 DEBUG WindowsBackend: Could not find bcd id 11-26 21:07 DEBUG WindowsBackend: undo_bootini C: 11-26 21:07 DEBUG WindowsBackend: undo_configsys Drive(C: hd 239816.335938 mb free ntfs) 11-26 21:07 DEBUG WindowsBackend: undo_bootini E: 11-26 21:07 DEBUG WindowsBackend: undo_configsys Drive(E: hd 483619.367188 mb free ntfs) 11-26 21:07 DEBUG WindowsBackend: undo_bootini G: 11-26 21:07 DEBUG WindowsBackend: undo_configsys Drive(G: hd 84606.9375 mb free fat32) 11-26 21:07 DEBUG TaskList: ## Finished Supprimer l'entrée pour le programme d'amorçage 11-26 21:07 DEBUG TaskList: ## Running Supprimer le répertoire cible... 11-26 21:07 DEBUG CommonBackend: Deleting C:\ubuntu 11-26 21:07 DEBUG TaskList: ## Finished Supprimer le répertoire cible 11-26 21:07 DEBUG TaskList: ## Running Supprimer la clé du registre... 11-26 21:07 DEBUG TaskList: ## Finished Supprimer la clé du registre 11-26 21:07 DEBUG TaskList: # Finished tasklist 11-26 21:07 INFO root: Almost finished uninstalling 11-26 21:07 INFO root: Finished uninstallation 11-26 21:07 DEBUG CommonBackend: Fetching basic info... 11-26 21:07 DEBUG CommonBackend: original_exe=Z:\wubi.exe 11-26 21:07 DEBUG CommonBackend: platform=win32 11-26 21:07 DEBUG CommonBackend: osname=nt 11-26 21:07 DEBUG WindowsBackend: arch=amd64 11-26 21:07 DEBUG CommonBackend: Parsing isolist=C:\Users\Patrick\AppData\Local\Temp\pyl5A09.tmp\data\isolist.ini 11-26 21:07 DEBUG CommonBackend: Adding distro Xubuntu-i386 11-26 21:07 DEBUG CommonBackend: Adding distro Xubuntu-amd64 11-26 21:07 DEBUG CommonBackend: Adding distro Kubuntu-amd64 11-26 21:07 DEBUG CommonBackend: Adding distro Mythbuntu-i386 11-26 21:07 DEBUG CommonBackend: Adding distro Ubuntu-amd64 11-26 21:07 DEBUG CommonBackend: Adding distro Ubuntu-i386 11-26 21:07 DEBUG CommonBackend: Adding distro Mythbuntu-amd64 11-26 21:07 DEBUG CommonBackend: Adding distro Kubuntu-i386 11-26 21:07 DEBUG CommonBackend: Adding distro KubuntuNetbook-i386 11-26 21:07 DEBUG CommonBackend: Adding distro UbuntuNetbookRemix-i386 11-26 21:07 DEBUG WindowsBackend: Fetching host info... 11-26 21:07 DEBUG WindowsBackend: registry_key=Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\Wubi 11-26 21:07 DEBUG WindowsBackend: windows version=vista 11-26 21:07 DEBUG WindowsBackend: windows_version2=Windows (TM) Vista Ultimate 11-26 21:07 DEBUG WindowsBackend: windows_sp=None 11-26 21:07 DEBUG WindowsBackend: windows_build=6002 11-26 21:07 DEBUG WindowsBackend: gmt=-5 11-26 21:07 DEBUG WindowsBackend: country=CA 11-26 21:07 DEBUG WindowsBackend: timezone=America/Montreal 11-26 21:07 DEBUG WindowsBackend: windows_username=Patrick 11-26 21:07 DEBUG WindowsBackend: user_full_name=Patrick 11-26 21:07 DEBUG WindowsBackend: user_directory=C:\Users\Patrick 11-26 21:07 DEBUG WindowsBackend: windows_language_code=1036 11-26 21:07 DEBUG WindowsBackend: windows_language=French 11-26 21:07 DEBUG WindowsBackend: processor_name=Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Quad CPU Q6600 @ 2.40GHz 11-26 21:07 DEBUG WindowsBackend: bootloader=vista 11-26 21:07 DEBUG WindowsBackend: system_drive=Drive(C: hd 240512.851563 mb free ntfs) 11-26 21:07 DEBUG WindowsBackend: drive=Drive(C: hd 240512.851563 mb free ntfs) 11-26 21:07 DEBUG WindowsBackend: drive=Drive(D: cd 0.0 mb free ) 11-26 21:07 DEBUG WindowsBackend: drive=Drive(E: hd 483523.867188 mb free ntfs) 11-26 21:07 DEBUG WindowsBackend: drive=Drive(G: hd 84445.65625 mb free fat32) 11-26 21:07 DEBUG WindowsBackend: drive=Drive(Z: cd 0.0 mb free cdfs) 11-26 21:07 DEBUG WindowsBackend: uninstaller_path=None 11-26 21:07 DEBUG WindowsBackend: previous_target_dir=None 11-26 21:07 DEBUG WindowsBackend: previous_distro_name=None 11-26 21:07 DEBUG WindowsBackend: keyboard_id=269029385 11-26 21:07 DEBUG WindowsBackend: keyboard_layout=ca 11-26 21:07 DEBUG WindowsBackend: keyboard_variant= 11-26 21:07 DEBUG WindowsBackend: total_memory_mb=4095.99999905 11-26 21:07 DEBUG CommonBackend: Searching ISOs on USB devices 11-26 21:07 DEBUG CommonBackend: Searching for local CDs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether C:\Users\Patrick\AppData\Local\Temp\pyl5A09.tmp is a valid Ubuntu CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain C:\Users\Patrick\AppData\Local\Temp\pyl5A09.tmp\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether C:\Users\Patrick\AppData\Local\Temp\pyl5A09.tmp is a valid Ubuntu CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain C:\Users\Patrick\AppData\Local\Temp\pyl5A09.tmp\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether C:\Users\Patrick\AppData\Local\Temp\pyl5A09.tmp is a valid Ubuntu Netbook Remix CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain C:\Users\Patrick\AppData\Local\Temp\pyl5A09.tmp\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether C:\Users\Patrick\AppData\Local\Temp\pyl5A09.tmp is a valid Kubuntu CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain C:\Users\Patrick\AppData\Local\Temp\pyl5A09.tmp\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether C:\Users\Patrick\AppData\Local\Temp\pyl5A09.tmp is a valid Kubuntu CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain C:\Users\Patrick\AppData\Local\Temp\pyl5A09.tmp\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether C:\Users\Patrick\AppData\Local\Temp\pyl5A09.tmp is a valid Kubuntu Netbook CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain C:\Users\Patrick\AppData\Local\Temp\pyl5A09.tmp\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether C:\Users\Patrick\AppData\Local\Temp\pyl5A09.tmp is a valid Xubuntu CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain C:\Users\Patrick\AppData\Local\Temp\pyl5A09.tmp\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether C:\Users\Patrick\AppData\Local\Temp\pyl5A09.tmp is a valid Xubuntu CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain C:\Users\Patrick\AppData\Local\Temp\pyl5A09.tmp\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether C:\Users\Patrick\AppData\Local\Temp\pyl5A09.tmp is a valid Mythbuntu CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain C:\Users\Patrick\AppData\Local\Temp\pyl5A09.tmp\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether C:\Users\Patrick\AppData\Local\Temp\pyl5A09.tmp is a valid Mythbuntu CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain C:\Users\Patrick\AppData\Local\Temp\pyl5A09.tmp\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether D:\ is a valid Ubuntu CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain D:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether D:\ is a valid Ubuntu CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain D:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether D:\ is a valid Ubuntu Netbook Remix CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain D:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether D:\ is a valid Kubuntu CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain D:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether D:\ is a valid Kubuntu CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain D:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether D:\ is a valid Kubuntu Netbook CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain D:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether D:\ is a valid Xubuntu CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain D:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether D:\ is a valid Xubuntu CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain D:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether D:\ is a valid Mythbuntu CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain D:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether D:\ is a valid Mythbuntu CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain D:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether E:\ is a valid Ubuntu CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain E:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether E:\ is a valid Ubuntu CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain E:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether E:\ is a valid Ubuntu Netbook Remix CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain E:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether E:\ is a valid Kubuntu CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain E:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether E:\ is a valid Kubuntu CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain E:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether E:\ is a valid Kubuntu Netbook CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain E:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether E:\ is a valid Xubuntu CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain E:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether E:\ is a valid Xubuntu CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain E:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether E:\ is a valid Mythbuntu CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain E:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether E:\ is a valid Mythbuntu CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain E:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether G:\ is a valid Ubuntu CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain G:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether G:\ is a valid Ubuntu CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain G:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether G:\ is a valid Ubuntu Netbook Remix CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain G:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether G:\ is a valid Kubuntu CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain G:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether G:\ is a valid Kubuntu CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain G:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether G:\ is a valid Kubuntu Netbook CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain G:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether G:\ is a valid Xubuntu CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain G:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether G:\ is a valid Xubuntu CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain G:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether G:\ is a valid Mythbuntu CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain G:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether G:\ is a valid Mythbuntu CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: does not contain G:\casper\filesystem.squashfs 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether Z:\ is a valid Ubuntu CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: wrong name: Kubuntu != Ubuntu 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether Z:\ is a valid Ubuntu CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: wrong name: Kubuntu != Ubuntu 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether Z:\ is a valid Ubuntu Netbook Remix CD 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: wrong name: Kubuntu != Ubuntu Netbook Remix 11-26 21:07 DEBUG Distro: checking whether Z:\ is a valid Kubuntu CD 11-26 21:07 INFO Distro: Found a valid CD for Kubuntu: Z:\ 11-26 21:07 INFO root: Running the installer... 11-26 21:07 INFO WinuiPage: appname=wubi, localedir=C:\Users\Patrick\AppData\Local\Temp\pyl5A09.tmp\translations, languages=['fr_CA', 'fr'] 11-26 21:07 INFO WinuiPage: appname=wubi, localedir=C:\Users\Patrick\AppData\Local\Temp\pyl5A09.tmp\translations, languages=['fr_CA', 'fr'] 11-26 21:07 DEBUG WinuiInstallationPage: target_drive=C:, installation_size=17000MB, distro_name=Kubuntu, language=en_US, locale=en_US.UTF-8, username=patrick 11-26 21:07 INFO root: Received settings 11-26 21:07 INFO WinuiPage: appname=wubi, localedir=C:\Users\Patrick\AppData\Local\Temp\pyl5A09.tmp\translations, languages=['en_US', 'en'] 11-26 21:07 DEBUG TaskList: # Running tasklist... 11-26 21:07 DEBUG TaskList: ## Running select_target_dir... 11-26 21:07 INFO WindowsBackend: Installing into C:\ubuntu 11-26 21:07 DEBUG TaskList: ## Finished select_target_dir 11-26 21:07 DEBUG TaskList: ## Running create_dir_structure... 11-26 21:07 DEBUG CommonBackend: Creating dir C:\ubuntu 11-26 21:07 DEBUG CommonBackend: Creating dir C:\ubuntu\disks 11-26 21:07 DEBUG CommonBackend: Creating dir C:\ubuntu\install 11-26 21:07 DEBUG CommonBackend: Creating dir C:\ubuntu\install\boot 11-26 21:07 DEBUG CommonBackend: Creating dir C:\ubuntu\disks\boot 11-26 21:07 DEBUG CommonBackend: Creating dir C:\ubuntu\disks\boot\grub 11-26 21:07 DEBUG CommonBackend: Creating dir C:\ubuntu\install\boot\grub 11-26 21:07 DEBUG TaskList: ## Finished create_dir_structure 11-26 21:07 DEBUG TaskList: ## Running uncompress_target_dir... 11-26 21:07 DEBUG TaskList: ## Finished uncompress_target_dir 11-26 21:07 DEBUG TaskList: ## Running create_uninstaller... 11-26 21:07 DEBUG WindowsBackend: Copying uninstaller Z:\wubi.exe -> C:\ubuntu\uninstall-wubi.exe 11-26 21:07 DEBUG registry: Setting registry key -2147483646 Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\Wubi UninstallString C:\ubuntu\uninstall-wubi.exe 11-26 21:07 DEBUG registry: Setting registry key -2147483646 Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\Wubi InstallationDir C:\ubuntu 11-26 21:07 DEBUG registry: Setting registry key -2147483646 Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\Wubi DisplayName Kubuntu 11-26 21:07 DEBUG registry: Setting registry key -2147483646 Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\Wubi DisplayIcon C:\ubuntu\Kubuntu.ico 11-26 21:07 DEBUG registry: Setting registry key -2147483646 Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\Wubi DisplayVersion 9.10ubuntu1-rev160 11-26 21:07 DEBUG registry: Setting registry key -2147483646 Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\Wubi Publisher Kubuntu 11-26 21:07 DEBUG registry: Setting registry key -2147483646 Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\Wubi URLInfoAbout http://www.kubuntu.org 11-26 21:07 DEBUG registry: Setting registry key -2147483646 Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\Wubi HelpLink http://www.ubuntu.com/support 11-26 21:07 DEBUG TaskList: ## Finished create_uninstaller 11-26 21:07 DEBUG TaskList: ## Running copy_installation_files... 11-26 21:07 DEBUG WindowsBackend: Copying C:\Users\Patrick\AppData\Local\Temp\pyl5A09.tmp\data\custom-installation -> C:\ubuntu\install\custom-installation 11-26 21:07 DEBUG WindowsBackend: Copying C:\Users\Patrick\AppData\Local\Temp\pyl5A09.tmp\winboot -> C:\ubuntu\winboot 11-26 21:07 DEBUG WindowsBackend: Copying C:\Users\Patrick\AppData\Local\Temp\pyl5A09.tmp\data\images\Kubuntu.ico -> C:\ubuntu\Kubuntu.ico 11-26 21:07 DEBUG TaskList: ## Finished copy_installation_files 11-26 21:07 DEBUG TaskList: ## Running get_iso... 11-26 21:07 DEBUG TaskList: New task copy_file 11-26 21:07 DEBUG TaskList: ### Running copy_file... 11-26 21:09 DEBUG TaskList: ### Finished copy_file 11-26 21:09 ERROR TaskList: [Errno 22] Invalid argument Traceback (most recent call last): File "\lib\wubi\backends\common\tasklist.py", line 197, in __call__ File "\lib\wubi\backends\common\utils.py", line 209, in copy_file IOError: [Errno 22] Invalid argument 11-26 21:09 DEBUG TaskList: # Cancelling tasklist 11-26 21:09 DEBUG TaskList: New task check_iso 11-26 21:09 ERROR root: [Errno 22]

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• Double Layer DVD+R burning problem - I/O Error

  - by Mehper C. Palavuzlar

  I have a modern PC (Quad Core CPU, 4 GB RAM, Win7 Home Premium 64-bit) but I have a problem with burning .dvd images to Double Layer (8.5 GB) DVDs. I wasted too many DVD+R DL discs but to no avail. Here is a short explanation of what I did: I'm using ImgBurn v2.5.0.0 (latest version). I'm trying to burn an image file (.dvd) which is together with the related .iso file in the same folder. In ImgBurn, I select the file with .dvd extension, and set writing speed to 2.4x. Burning process starts normally, but around 7% of the process, it gives a I/O Write Error, which is as follows: I wasted 3 discs (Magic, Made in Taiwan, DVD+R DL, 8.5 GB) trying the same thing. My DVD writer is LG GH22NP20 with IDE connection type. I updated its firmware from 1.04 to 2.00 but no success in burning again. Then my cousin brought his LG (an older model) which, he claims, was successful in writing DL discs with the same brand (Magic). I plugged off my LG and plugged the older one in, and tried to burn the image again. It also gave an I/O Error even without standing till 7%. I tried another burning program (CloneCD), but failed again. Then I bought other brands (TDK and VERBATIM) and tried to burn the image. Burning process started successfully, but around 14% (for Verbatim) and 25% (for TDK) failed again. Here is a screeny from ImgBurn: I've burned lots of 4.7 GB DVD+Rs and DVD-Rs successfully, even without a single error, with this LG DVD writer, but this case is very bothering for me. What should I do? Should I buy a new DVD writer other than LG? Could this be related to Windows or my hardware configuration? Thanks for your help. Edit: My burner works on my cousin's machine. So the problem must be related to my system. What could be the reason? Latest news: I borrowed an external USB DVD writer from a friend, which is PHILIPS SPD3000CC (an old model). Guess what! It's burning DVD+R DLs successfully! How come an internal DVD writer of a brand new computer system cannot burn DL DVDs? Now I'm considering buying a new internal DVD writer with not IDE, but SATA connection...

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• WSUS appears to be functioning, however errors are reported in Application Log (DSS Authentication W

  - by Richard Slater

  I re-installed WSUS a few months ago on a new server as part of a server hardware refresh. It is functioning normally downloading, authorizing and supplying patches to workstations. System Specification: HP DL360 G5 Quad 2.5 Zeon 6GB RAM Not Virtualized WSUS 3.2.7600.3226 SQL 2005 Express Windows 2003 R2 SP2 WSS SSL Enabled Every six hours five events are logged to the Application Event Log: Source | Category | ID | Description -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Windows Server Update Services | Web Services | 12052 | The DSS Authentication Web Service is not working. Windows Server Update Services | Web Services | 12042 | The SimpleAuth Web Service is not working Windows Server Update Services | Web Services | 12022 | The Client Web Service is not working Windows Server Update Services | Web Services | 12032 | The Server Synchronization Web Service is not working Windows Server Update Services | Web Services | 12012 | The API Remoting Web Service is not working In addition the following .NET Stack Trace is logged in C:\Program Files\Update Services\LogFiles\SoftwareDistribution.log each stack trace is identical except for the names of the services: 2009-11-27 11:56:52.757 UTC Error WsusService.10 HmtWebServices.CheckApiRemotingWebService ApiRemoting WebService WebException:System.Net.WebException: The request failed with HTTP status 403: Forbidden. at System.Web.Services.Protocols.SoapHttpClientProtocol.ReadResponse(SoapClientMessage message, WebResponse response, Stream responseStream, Boolean asyncCall) at System.Web.Services.Protocols.SoapHttpClientProtocol.Invoke(String methodName, Object[] parameters) at Microsoft.UpdateServices.Internal.ApiRemoting.Ping(Int32 pingLevel) at Microsoft.UpdateServices.Internal.HealthMonitoring.HmtWebServices.CheckApiRemotingWebService(EventLoggingType type, HealthEventLogger logger) at Microsoft.UpdateServices.Internal.HealthMonitoring.HmtWebServices.CheckApiRemotingWebService(EventLoggingType type, HealthEventLogger logger) at Microsoft.UpdateServices.Internal.HealthMonitoring.HealthMonitoringTasks.ExecuteSubtask(HealthMonitoringSubtask subtask, EventLoggingType type, HealthEventLogger logger) at Microsoft.UpdateServices.Internal.HealthMonitoring.HmtWebServices.Execute(EventLoggingType type) at Microsoft.UpdateServices.Internal.HealthMonitoring.HealthMonitoringTasks.Execute(EventLoggingType type) at Microsoft.UpdateServices.Internal.HealthMonitoring.HealthMonitoringThreadManager.Execute(Boolean waitIfNecessary, EventLoggingType loggingType) at Microsoft.UpdateServices.Internal.HealthMonitoring.RemotingChannel.PrivateLogEvents() at System.Runtime.Remoting.Messaging.StackBuilderSink._PrivateProcessMessage(IntPtr md, Object[] args, Object server, Int32 methodPtr, Boolean fExecuteInContext, Object[]& outArgs) at System.Runtime.Remoting.Messaging.StackBuilderSink.SyncProcessMessage(IMessage msg, Int32 methodPtr, Boolean fExecuteInContext) at System.Runtime.Remoting.Messaging.ServerObjectTerminatorSink.SyncProcessMessage(IMessage reqMsg) at System.Runtime.Remoting.Lifetime.LeaseSink.SyncProcessMessage(IMessage msg) at System.Runtime.Remoting.Messaging.ServerContextTerminatorSink.SyncProcessMessage(IMessage reqMsg) at System.Runtime.Remoting.Channels.CrossContextChannel.SyncProcessMessageCallback(Object[] args) at System.Runtime.Remoting.Channels.ChannelServices.DispatchMessage(IServerChannelSinkStack sinkStack, IMessage msg, IMessage& replyMsg) at System.Runtime.Remoting.Channels.SoapServerFormatterSink.ProcessMessage(IServerChannelSinkStack sinkStack, IMessage requestMsg, ITransportHeaders requestHeaders, Stream requestStream, IMessage& responseMsg, ITransportHeaders& responseHeaders, Stream& responseStream) at System.Runtime.Remoting.Channels.BinaryServerFormatterSink.ProcessMessage(IServerChannelSinkStack sinkStack, IMessage requestMsg, ITransportHeaders requestHeaders, Stream requestStream, IMessage& responseMsg, ITransportHeaders& responseHeaders, Stream& responseStream) at System.Runtime.Remoting.Channels.Ipc.IpcServerTransportSink.ServiceRequest(Object state) at System.Runtime.Remoting.Channels.SocketHandler.ProcessRequestNow() at System.Runtime.Remoting.Channels.SocketHandler.BeginReadMessageCallback(IAsyncResult ar) at System.Runtime.Remoting.Channels.Ipc.IpcPort.AsyncFSCallback(UInt32 errorCode, UInt32 numBytes, NativeOverlapped* pOverlapped) at System.Threading._IOCompletionCallback.PerformIOCompletionCallback(UInt32 errorCode, UInt32 numBytes, NativeOverlapped* pOVERLAP) So far I have tried the following: Ensuring the settings were accurate as per TechNet. Checked that there was a suitable binding to 127.0.0.1 binding in IIS. Gone through and checked the settings in IIS as per TechNet. I have discovered that you can run the command wsusutil checkhealth to force the healt check to run, wsusutil can be found in C:\Program Files\Update Services\Tools. When this executese it will tell you to check the application log.

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• High CPU from httpd process

  - by KHWeb

  I am currently getting high CPU on a server that is just running a couple of sites with very low traffic. One of the sites is in still development going live soon. However, this site is very very slow...When browsing through its pages I can see that the CPU goes from 30% to 100% for httpd (see top output below). I have tuned httpd & MySQL, Apache Solr, Tomcat for high performance, and I am using APC. Not sure what to do from here or how to find the culprit as I have a bunch of messages on the httpd log and have been chasing dead ends for some time...any help is greatly appreciated. Server: AuthenticAMD, Quad-Core AMD Opteron(tm) Processor 2352, RAM 16GB Linux 2.6.27 64-bit, Centos 5.5 Plesk 9.5.4, MySQL 5.1.48, PHP 5.2.17 Apache/2.2.3 (CentOS) DAV/2 mod_jk/1.2.15 mod_ssl/2.2.3 OpenSSL/0.9.8e-fips-rhel5 PHP/5.2.17 mod_perl/2.0.4 Perl/v5.8.8 Tomcat6-6.0.29-1.jpp5, Tomcat-native-1.1.20-1.el5, Apache Solr top 17595 apache 20 0 1825m 507m 10m R 100.4 3.2 0:17.50 httpd 17596 apache 20 0 1565m 247m 9936 R 83.1 1.5 0:10.86 httpd 17598 apache 20 0 1430m 110m 6472 S 54.5 0.7 0:08.66 httpd 17599 apache 20 0 1438m 124m 12m S 37.2 0.8 0:11.20 httpd 16197 mysql 20 0 13.0g 2.0g 5440 S 9.6 12.6 297:12.79 mysqld 17617 root 20 0 12748 1172 812 R 0.7 0.0 0:00.88 top 8169 tomcat 20 0 4613m 268m 6056 S 0.3 1.7 6:40.56 java httpd error_log [debug] prefork.c(991): AcceptMutex: sysvsem (default: sysvsem) [info] mod_fcgid: Process manager 17593 started [debug] proxy_util.c(1854): proxy: grabbed scoreboard slot 0 in child 17594 for worker proxy:reverse [debug] proxy_util.c(1967): proxy: initialized single connection worker 0 in child 17594 for (*) [debug] proxy_util.c(1854): proxy: grabbed scoreboard slot 0 in child 17595 for worker proxy:reverse [debug] proxy_util.c(1873): proxy: worker proxy:reverse already initialized [notice] child pid 22782 exit signal Segmentation fault (11) [error] (43)Identifier removed: apr_global_mutex_lock(jk_log_lock) failed [debug] util_ldap.c(2021): LDAP merging Shared Cache conf: shm=0x7fd29a5478c0 rmm=0x7fd29a547918 for VHOST: example.com [info] APR LDAP: Built with OpenLDAP LDAP SDK [info] LDAP: SSL support available [info] Init: Seeding PRNG with 256 bytes of entropy [info] Init: Generating temporary RSA private keys (512/1024 bits) [info] Init: Generating temporary DH parameters (512/1024 bits) [debug] ssl_scache_shmcb.c(374): shmcb_init allocated 512000 bytes of shared memory [debug] ssl_scache_shmcb.c(554): entered shmcb_init_memory() [debug] ssl_scache_shmcb.c(576): for 512000 bytes, recommending 4265 indexes [debug] ssl_scache_shmcb.c(619): shmcb_init_memory choices follow [debug] ssl_scache_shmcb.c(621): division_mask = 0x1F [debug] ssl_scache_shmcb.c(623): division_offset = 96 [debug] ssl_scache_shmcb.c(625): division_size = 15997 [debug] ssl_scache_shmcb.c(627): queue_size = 2136 [debug] ssl_scache_shmcb.c(629): index_num = 133 [debug] ssl_scache_shmcb.c(631): index_offset = 8 [debug] ssl_scache_shmcb.c(633): index_size = 16 [debug] ssl_scache_shmcb.c(635): cache_data_offset = 8 [debug] ssl_scache_shmcb.c(637): cache_data_size = 13853 [debug] ssl_scache_shmcb.c(650): leaving shmcb_init_memory()

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• What is a good layout for a somewhat advanced home network and storage solution?

  - by Shaun

  My home network/storage needs are changing and I am searching for some opinions and starting points on what a good network/storage layout would be that can serve my needs for a few years into the future. I think I have a decent starting point for equipment, but I am also willing to invest fairly heavily in a solution that can last me for a while. I am a bit of a tech nerd and I have a moderate tolerance for setup of the solution. I would prefer if maintenance of the system is somewhat low once it is setup, but I am willing to accept some tradeoffs. Existing equipment: Router - Netgear WNDR3700 (gigabit) Router - DLink Gamerlounge DGL-4300 (gigabit) Switch - 16 port Trendnet green switch (gigabit) Switch - 5 port Trendnet green (gigabit) Computer - i7-950 office computer (gigabit ethernet) Computer - Q6600 quad core media center, hooked up to TV, records shows (gigabit ethernet) Computer - Acer 1810T ultraportable laptop (gigabit and N ethernet) NAS - Intel SS4200-E (gigabit) External hard drive - 2TB WD Green drive (esata) All kinds of miscellaneous network connected TV, Bluray, Verizon network extender, HDhomerun TV tuners, etc. Requirements: -Robust backup solution for a growing collection of huge family picture files and personal files, around 1.5TB. (Including offsite backup) -Central location for all user's files, while also keeping them secure from each other. -Storage for terabytes of movie backups and recorded TV, and access to them from all computers (maybe around 4TB eventually) -Possibility to host files to friends and family easily Nice to have: -Backup of terabytes of movie backups Intriguing possibilities: -Capability to have users' Windows desktops and files look the same from all network computers I am not sure if the new Windows Home Server 2011 would fit into this well, if I need a domain server, how best to organize my backups, or how to most effectively use RAID. Currently I am simply backing up all computers to a RAID 1 on the NAS box, which I was thinking could prevent a situation where I reach for a backup and find that the disk is corrupt. One possibility that I am thinking about now is simply using my media center PC with a huge RAID of hard drives on which all files are stored. Pseudo-backup of all files would be present because of the RAID, but important files would also be backed up off site via carrying hard drives to work. But what if corruption seeps into the files and the corrupted data is then backed up? Does RAID protect against this? I really want to take next to zero risks with the irreplaceable files. I can handle some degree of risk with the movies and other files. I'm looking for critiques on this idea as well as other possibilities. To summarize, my goal is high functionality, media capable, and robust backup of irreplaceable files.

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• Why do I see a large performance hit with DRBD?

  - by BHS

  I see a much larger performance hit with DRBD than their user manual says I should get. I'm using DRBD 8.3.7 (Fedora 13 RPMs). I've setup a DRBD test and measured throughput of disk and network without DRBD: dd if=/dev/zero of=/data.tmp bs=512M count=1 oflag=direct 536870912 bytes (537 MB) copied, 4.62985 s, 116 MB/s / is a logical volume on the disk I'm testing with, mounted without DRBD iperf: [ 4] 0.0-10.0 sec 1.10 GBytes 941 Mbits/sec According to Throughput overhead expectations, the bottleneck would be whichever is slower, the network or the disk and DRBD should have an overhead of 3%. In my case network and I/O seem to be pretty evenly matched. It sounds like I should be able to get around 100 MB/s. So, with the raw drbd device, I get dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/drbd2 bs=512M count=1 oflag=direct 536870912 bytes (537 MB) copied, 6.61362 s, 81.2 MB/s which is slower than I would expect. Then, once I format the device with ext4, I get dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/data.tmp bs=512M count=1 oflag=direct 536870912 bytes (537 MB) copied, 9.60918 s, 55.9 MB/s This doesn't seem right. There must be some other factor playing into this that I'm not aware of. global_common.conf global { usage-count yes; } common { protocol C; } syncer { al-extents 1801; rate 33M; } data_mirror.res resource data_mirror { device /dev/drbd1; disk /dev/sdb1; meta-disk internal; on cluster1 { address 192.168.33.10:7789; } on cluster2 { address 192.168.33.12:7789; } } For the hardware I have two identical machines: 6 GB RAM Quad core AMD Phenom 3.2Ghz Motherboard SATA controller 7200 RPM 64MB cache 1TB WD drive The network is 1Gb connected via a switch. I know that a direct connection is recommended, but could it make this much of a difference? Edited I just tried monitoring the bandwidth used to try to see what's happening. I used ibmonitor and measured average bandwidth while I ran the dd test 10 times. I got: avg ~450Mbits writing to ext4 avg ~800Mbits writing to raw device It looks like with ext4, drbd is using about half the bandwidth it uses with the raw device so there's a bottleneck that is not the network.

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• Linux RAID-0 performance doesn't scale up over 1 GB/s

  - by wazoox

  I have trouble getting the max throughput out of my setup. The hardware is as follow : dual Quad-Core AMD Opteron(tm) Processor 2376 16 GB DDR2 ECC RAM dual Adaptec 52245 RAID controllers 48 1 TB SATA drives set up as 2 RAID-6 arrays (256KB stripe) + spares. Software : Plain vanilla 2.6.32.25 kernel, compiled for AMD-64, optimized for NUMA; Debian Lenny userland. benchmarks run : disktest, bonnie++, dd, etc. All give the same results. No discrepancy here. io scheduler used : noop. Yeah, no trick here. Up until now I basically assumed that striping (RAID 0) several physical devices should augment performance roughly linearly. However this is not the case here : each RAID array achieves about 780 MB/s write, sustained, and 1 GB/s read, sustained. writing to both RAID arrays simultaneously with two different processes gives 750 + 750 MB/s, and reading from both gives 1 + 1 GB/s. however when I stripe both arrays together, using either mdadm or lvm, the performance is about 850 MB/s writing and 1.4 GB/s reading. at least 30% less than expected! running two parallel writer or reader processes against the striped arrays doesn't enhance the figures, in fact it degrades performance even further. So what's happening here? Basically I ruled out bus or memory contention, because when I run dd on both drives simultaneously, aggregate write speed actually reach 1.5 GB/s and reading speed tops 2 GB/s. So it's not the PCIe bus. I suppose it's not the RAM. It's not the filesystem, because I get exactly the same numbers benchmarking against the raw device or using XFS. And I also get exactly the same performance using either LVM striping and md striping. What's wrong? What's preventing a process from going up to the max possible throughput? Is Linux striping defective? What other tests could I run?

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• Some apps very slow to load on Windows 7, copy & paste very slow.

  - by Mike

  Hello, I searched here and couldn't find a similar issue to mine but apologies if I missed it. I've searched the web and no one else seems to be having the same issue either. I'm running Windows 7 Ultimate 64bit on a pretty high spec. machine (well, apart from the graphics): Asus M4A79T Deluxe AMD Phenom II 965 black edition (quad core, 3.4GHz) 8GB Crucial Ballistix DDR 1333MHz RAM 80GB Intex X25 SSD for OS 500GB mechanical drive for data. ATi Radeon HD 4600 series PCI-e Be Quiet! 850W PSU I think those are all the relevant stats, if you need anything else let me know. I've updated chipset, graphics and various other drivers all to no avail, the problem remains. I have also unplugged and replugged every connection internally and cleaned the RAM edge connectors. The problems: Video LAN (VLC) and CDBurnerXP both take ages to load, I'm talking 30 seconds and 1 minute respectively which is really not right. Copy and paste from Open Office spread sheet into Fire Fox, for example, is really, really slow, I'll have pressed control V 5 or 6 times before it actually happens, if I copy and then wait 5 to 10 seconds or so it'll paste first time so it's definitely some sort of time lag. Command and Conquer - Generals: Zero Hour. When playing it'll run perfectly for about 10 or 20 seconds then it'll just pause for 3 or 4 then run for another 10 or 20 seconds and pause again and so on. I had the Task Manager open on my 2nd monitor whilst playing once and I noticed it was using about 25% of the CPU, pretty stable but when the pause came another task didn't shoot up to 100% like others on the web have been reporting (similar but not the same as my issue, often svchost.exe for them) but dropped to 2 or 3% usage then back up to 25% when it started playing properly again. Very odd! But it gets even odder... I had a BSOD and reboot last week, when it rebooted the problem had completely gone, I could play C&C to my heart's content and both the other apps loaded instantly, copy and paste worked instantly too. I did an AVG update earlier this week which required a reboot, rebooted and the problem's back. I don't think it's AVG related though, I think it was just coincidence that's the app that required a reboot. I think any reboot would have brought the issue back. A number of reboots later and it hasn't gone away again. If any one could make any suggestions as to the likely cause and solution to these issues I'd be most grateful, it's driving me nuts! Thanks, Mike....

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• Skyrim: Heavy Performance Issues after a couple of location changes

  - by Derija

  Okay, I've tried different solutions: ENB Series, removing certain mods, checking my FPS Rate, monitoring my resources, .ini tweaks. It's all just fine, I don't see what I'm missing. A couple of days ago, I bought Skyrim. Before I bought the game, I admit I had a pirated copy because my girlfriend actually wanted to buy me the game as a present, then said she didn't have enough money. Sick of waiting, I decided to buy the game by myself. The ridiculous part is, it worked better cracked than it does now uncracked. As the title suggests, after entering and leaving houses a couple of times, my performance obviously drops extremely. My build is just fine, Intel i5 quad core processor, NVIDIA GTX 560 Ti from Gigabyte, actually stock-OC, but manually downclocked to usual settings using appropriate Gigabyte software. This fixed the CTD issues I had before with both Skyrim and BF3. I have 4GB RAM. A website about Game Tweaks suggested that my HDD may be too slow. A screenshot of a Windows Performance Index sample with the subscription "This is likely to cause issues" showed the HDD with a performance index of 5.9, the exact same mine has, so I was playing with the thought to purchase an SSD instead, load games onto it that really need it like Skyrim, and hope it'd do the trick. Unfortunately, SSDs are likewise expensive, compared to "normal" HDDs... I'm really getting desperate about it. My save is gone because the patches made it impossible to load saves of the unpatched version and I already saved more than 80 times despite being only level 8, just because every time I interact with a door leading me to another location I'm scared the game will drop again. I can't even play for 30 mins straight anymore, it's just no fun at all. I've researched for a couple of days before I decided to post my question here. Any help is appreciated, I don't want to regret having bought the game... Since it actually is the best game I've played possibly for ever. Sincerely. P.S.: I don't think it's necessary to say, but still, of course I'm playing on PC. P.P.S.: After monitoring both my PC resources including CPU usage and HDD usage as well as the GPU usage, I don't see any changes even after the said event. P.P.P.S.: Original question posted here where I've been advised to ask here.

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• GeForce 8800GT not even giving basic output

  - by Sam

  My Dad bought a GeForce 8800GT graphics card quite a long time ago now. It has never worked in his PC. Print out from a dxdiag: System Information Time of this report: 4/13/2010, 19:52:40 Machine name: USER-PC Operating System: Windows Vista™ Home Premium (6.0, Build 6001) Service Pack 1 (6001.vistasp1_gdr.091208-0542) Language: English (Regional Setting: English) System Manufacturer: To Be Filled By O.E.M. System Model: To Be Filled By O.E.M. BIOS: Default System BIOS Processor: Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Quad CPU Q6600 @ 2.40GHz (4 CPUs), ~2.3GHz Memory: 2046MB RAM Page File: 1045MB used, 3296MB available Windows Dir: C:\Windows DirectX Version: DirectX 10 DX Setup Parameters: Not found DxDiag Version: 6.00.6001.18000 32bit Unicode DxDiag Notes Display Tab 1: No problems found. Sound Tab 1: No problems found. Sound Tab 2: No problems found. Sound Tab 3: No problems found. Input Tab: No problems found. DirectX Debug Levels Direct3D: 0/4 (retail) DirectDraw: 0/4 (retail) DirectInput: 0/5 (retail) DirectMusic: 0/5 (retail) DirectPlay: 0/9 (retail) DirectSound: 0/5 (retail) DirectShow: 0/6 (retail) Display Devices Card name: ATI Radeon HD 2400 PRO Manufacturer: ATI Technologies Inc. Chip type: ATI Radeon Graphics Processor (0x94C3) DAC type: Internal DAC(400MHz) Device Key: Enum\PCI\VEN_1002&DEV_94C3&SUBSYS_00000000&REV_00 Display Memory: 1012 MB Dedicated Memory: 245 MB Shared Memory: 767 MB Current Mode: 1280 x 960 (32 bit) (75Hz) Monitor: Generic PnP Monitor Driver Name: atiumdag.dll,atiumdva.dat,atitmmxx.dll Driver Version: 7.14.0010.0523 (English) DDI Version: 10 Driver Attributes: Final Retail Driver Date/Size: 8/22/2007 02:43:14, 3021312 bytes That info is from the current card that is installed in it and has been installed since its purchase roughly 3-4 years ago. When I physically install the card I put it into a purple slot on the motherboard that the old card was in (if I go into the device manager and select properties on the current card it confirms that the slot is a "PCI Slot 16 (PCI bus 2, device 0, function 0)") and boot up the computer but get absolutely no output. The screen that we have registers that it is connected to something (by not displaying the screen it does when the cable is unplugged) but just remains blank, no output at all. I recently took the card to my University and one of my friends who is better with hardware issues than I am tried it in his system and it worked perfectly. No issues whatsoever. I do not have a spec list for his system but I could get one if you need it. If you need any more information on this issue I will be happy to supply you with it as I am starting to get very annoyed with this problem ^_^

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• Are FC and SAS DAS devices standard enough?

  - by user222182

  Before I ask my questions, here is some background info that may or may not be useful: For the first time I find myself needing a DAS solution. My priority is data through-put in a single direction. I can write large blocks, and I don't need to read at the same time. The server (the data producing device) is not really a typical server, its a very powerful single board computer. As such I have limited options when it comes to the add-in cards I can install since it must use the fairly uncommon interface, XMC. Currently I believe I am limited PCIex8 gen 1 which means that the likely bottle neck for me will be this 16gbps connection. XMC Boards I have found so far offer the following connections: a) Dual 10GBE ethernet controller, total throughput 20gbps b) Dual Quad SAS 2.0 Connectors (SFF-8XXX) HBA (no raid), total throughput 48 gbps c) Dual FC 8gb HBA (no raid), total throughput 16gbps My questions for you guys are: 1) Are SAS and/or FC, and by extension their HBAs, standard enough that I could purchase a Dell or Aberdeen storage server with a raid controller that has external SAS or FC ports and expect that I can connect it to my SAS or FC HBA, be presented with a single volume (if I so configured the storage server), all without having to check for HBA compatibility? 2) On a device like a Dell PowerVault (either DAS or NAS) is there an OS on it to concern myself with, or is it meant to be remotely managed? Is there a local interface in case I cant remotely manage it (i.e. if my single board computer uses an OS not supported by Dell OpenManage). Would this be true of nearly any device which calls itself a DAS? 3) If I purchase some sort of Supermicro storage chassis, installed a raid controller with external connections, is there a nice lightweight OS I can run just for management of the controller? Would I even need an OS since the raid card would be configured pre-boot anyway? 4) It is much easier to buy XMC based 10gigabit ethernet cards (generally dual port). In what ways would I be getting into trouble by using iSCSI as a DAS are direct cabling with SFP+ cables? Thanks in advance

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