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• Web App for storing and organize programming information?

  - by Fabzter

  So, I've found myself, after several years of coding (I consider myself a coder, rather than a programmer) full of links and loose snippets and coding tips, all dispersed across the web. In such way it is barely usable, even when every bit is important or interesting. I thought of simply storing the links in delicious or something alike, but it's not really the links I want to keep, I just need the succinth info. So I was thinking to use some web app, something like a wiki, maybe much more simple, so I could access it though my mobile if I need it. I could code it, but as I stated it before, I'm more of a code monkey, and I'm sure my solution would be far from decent... Can anyone give me recommendations on this?

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• Microsoft XNA code sample wont work with blender model

  - by FreakinaBox

  I downloaded this code sample and integrated it into my game http://xbox.create.msdn.com/en-US/education/catalog/sample/mesh_instancing It works with the model that they supplied, but throws and exception whenever I use one of my models. The current vertex declaration does not include all the elements required by the current vertex shader. TextureCoordinate0 is missing. I tried pluging my model into their original source code and same thing. My model is an fbx from blender and has a texture. This is the function that throws the error GraphicsDevice.DrawInstancedPrimitives( PrimitiveType.TriangleList, 0, 0, meshPart.NumVertices, meshPart.StartIndex, meshPart.PrimitiveCount, instances.Length );

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• Creating Stored Procedures with Managed Code

  This article is intended to illustrate how to implement a stored procedure with managed code.

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• How to find classes that use certain DB tables

  - by Songo

  Problem: I'm asked to prepare a document where all our DB tables are listed and I'm supposed to list all Controllers that uses these DB tables for read and another list for Controllers that do write operations. Ex: +------------------------------------------+------------+ | DB table | tbl_Orders | +------------------------------------------+------------+ |Controllers that perform read operations | ?? | +------------------------------------------+------------+ |Controllers that perform write operations | ?? | +------------------------------------------+------------+ We are trying to write some documentation for a legacy system built using Zend framework. The code is scattered everywhere. There is code in the Controllers, in the models and even in the views. The application uses PROPEL as an ORM. What makes this really difficult is that the Controller may not be directly calling the table, but it may be instantiating a model class that calls that table. Is there an educated way to approach this crazy task? Note: Searching for the table name won't provide a solution because if a model uses that table I wouldn't know which Controller is using that model.

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• Code Camp 2013 Harrisburg PA

  - by raysmithequip

  Originally posted on: http://geekswithblogs.net/raysmithequip/archive/2013/10/15/154349.aspxThe Centrral Pensylvania Dot Net Users Group will be hosting a code camp nov 2 2013.  The Schedule is already on our groups' webpage, http://centralpenn.web121.discountasp.net/home/CodeCamp2013/tabid/109/Default.aspxYou will find the schedule on the pull down tab.  Registration is free, you will have to use Meetup to register.  http://www.meetup.com/Central-Penn-Dot-Net-User-Group/events/141788672/Sign in to Meetup and register to attend Code Camp!! Learning will be plentiful, the giveaways will be COOL!! So you gotta be there!!!In a couple of days I will post the schedule here in an effort to spread the word. ray smith n3twu

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• code cowboy on the team

  - by MK01

  How do you deal with a team member who is senior to you and always jumps on other people's projects and completes them over night or over the weekend? She seems to work 80 hour weeks whether there is an emergency or not and it is somewhat difficult to predict which part of your todo list she is going to strike next. Sometimes days of your work are wasted because on Monday morning you find a checkin completing the project you've spent most of the previous week working on. To people asking of the quality: Usually it is quite good but: there is also a lot of refactoring of code involved, including code 'owned' by other team members, w/o regard for the test coverage, with the obvious results.

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• Entity Framework, Code First: where is the database?

  - by Marko Apfel

  With Entity Framework 5 in Visual Studio 2012 the code first feature could let you come to the question “Where is the automatically created database located?” I run in the question after changing the model which throws during the next run this error: “The model backing the 'MyContext' context has changed since the database was created. Consider using Code First Migrations to update the database (http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=238269).” Okay – clear I thought “delete the database”. But where is the database and what type is it??? In this constellation the frameworks generates a localDB. You could access this database via SQL Server Object Explorer. For the first time you have to add this localDB. The server name is “(localdb)\v11.0”: And so we could browse through the content of this database. It got the same name like the context class.

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• How to properly code in Unity? [on hold]

  - by Vincent B.

  I'm fairly new to Unity (yet I touched it and made a few proto with it) and I'd like to know how I'm supposed to work with it. I'm student in programming so I'm used to C/C++ with SDL/SFML, writing code and only using Input/Graphics/Network libs. I followed a few Unity guides and it was way more around drag & drop on scenes and a bit of scripting to activate it all, which disturbed me. So I fond a way to only use one GameObject and use a Singleton to launch code and display stuff (for 2d games at least). At the end of the day I make games not using "Instantiate" or such at all. Is it the right way ? Am I supposed to do this ? How much are your scenes populated (in a professional environment) ? When should I stop coding and start using the editor ?

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• Returning status code where one of many errors could have occured

  - by yttriuszzerbus

  I'm developing a PHP login component which includes functions to manipulate the User object, such as $User->changePassword(string $old, string $new) What I need some advice with is how to return a status, as the function can either succeed (no further information needs to be given) or fail (and the calling code needs to know why, for example incorrect password, database problem etc.) I've come up with the following ideas: Unix-style: return 0 on success, another code on failure. This doesn't seem particularly common in PHP and the language's type-coercion messes with this (a function returning FALSE on success?) This seems to be the best I can think of. Throw an exception on error. PHP's exception support is limited, and this will make life harder for anybody trying to use the functions. Return an array, containing a boolean for "success" or not, and a string or an int for "failure status" if applicable. None of these seem particularly appealing, does anyone have any advice or better ideas?

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• spliiting code in java-don't know what's wrong [closed]

  - by ???? ?????

  I'm writing a code to split a file into many files with a size specified in the code, and then it will join these parts later. The problem is with the joining code, it doesn't work and I can't figure what is wrong! This is my code: import java.io.*; import java.util.*; public class StupidSplit { static final int Chunk_Size = 10; static int size =0; public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { String file = "b.txt"; int chunks = DivideFile(file); System.out.print((new File(file)).delete()); System.out.print(JoinFile(file, chunks)); } static boolean JoinFile(String fname, int nChunks) { /* * Joins the chunks together. Chunks have been divided using DivideFile * function so the last part of filename will ".partxxxx" Checks if all * parts are together by matching number of chunks found against * "nChunks", then joins the file otherwise throws an error. */ boolean successful = false; File currentDirectory = new File(System.getProperty("user.dir")); // File[] fileList = currentDirectory.listFiles(); /* populate only the files having extension like "partxxxx" */ List<File> lst = new ArrayList<File>(); // Arrays.sort(fileList); for (File file : fileList) { if (file.isFile()) { String fnm = file.getName(); int lastDot = fnm.lastIndexOf('.'); // add to list which match the name given by "fname" and have //"partxxxx" as extension" if (fnm.substring(0, lastDot).equalsIgnoreCase(fname) && (fnm.substring(lastDot + 1)).substring(0, 4).equals("part")) { lst.add(file); } } } /* * sort the list - it will be sorted by extension only because we have * ensured that list only contains those files that have "fname" and * "part" */ File[] files = (File[]) lst.toArray(new File[0]); Arrays.sort(files); System.out.println("size ="+files.length); System.out.println("hello"); /* Ensure that number of chunks match the length of array */ if (files.length == nChunks-1) { File ofile = new File(fname); FileOutputStream fos; FileInputStream fis; byte[] fileBytes; int bytesRead = 0; try { fos = new FileOutputStream(ofile,true); for (File file : files) { fis = new FileInputStream(file); fileBytes = new byte[(int) file.length()]; bytesRead = fis.read(fileBytes, 0, (int) file.length()); assert(bytesRead == fileBytes.length); assert(bytesRead == (int) file.length()); fos.write(fileBytes); fos.flush(); fileBytes = null; fis.close(); fis = null; } fos.close(); fos = null; } catch (FileNotFoundException fnfe) { System.out.println("Could not find file"); successful = false; return successful; } catch (IOException ioe) { System.out.println("Cannot write to disk"); successful = false; return successful; } /* ensure size of file matches the size given by server */ successful = (ofile.length() == StupidSplit.size) ? true : false; } else { successful = false; } return successful; } static int DivideFile(String fname) { File ifile = new File(fname); FileInputStream fis; String newName; FileOutputStream chunk; //int fileSize = (int) ifile.length(); double fileSize = (double) ifile.length(); //int nChunks = 0, read = 0, readLength = Chunk_Size; int nChunks = 0, read = 0, readLength = Chunk_Size; byte[] byteChunk; try { fis = new FileInputStream(ifile); StupidSplit.size = (int)ifile.length(); while (fileSize > 0) { if (fileSize <= Chunk_Size) { readLength = (int) fileSize; } byteChunk = new byte[readLength]; read = fis.read(byteChunk, 0, readLength); fileSize -= read; assert(read==byteChunk.length); nChunks++; //newName = fname + ".part" + Integer.toString(nChunks - 1); newName = String.format("%s.part%09d", fname, nChunks - 1); chunk = new FileOutputStream(new File(newName)); chunk.write(byteChunk); chunk.flush(); chunk.close(); byteChunk = null; chunk = null; } fis.close(); System.out.println(nChunks); // fis = null; } catch (FileNotFoundException fnfe) { System.out.println("Could not find the given file"); System.exit(-1); } catch (IOException ioe) { System.out .println("Error while creating file chunks. Exiting program"); System.exit(-1); }System.out.println(nChunks); return nChunks; } } }

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• Lost in Code?

  - by Geertjan

  Sometimes you're coding and you find yourself forgetting your context. For example, look at this situation: The cursor is on line 52. Imagine you're coding there and you're puzzling on some problem for some time. Wouldn't it be handy to know, without scrolling up (and then back down again to where you were working), what the method signature looks like? And does the method begin two lines above the visible code or 10 lines? That information can now, in NetBeans iDE 7.3 (and already in the 7.3 Beta) very easily be ascertained, by putting the cursor on the closing brace of the code block: As you can see, a new vertical line is shown parallel to the line numbers, connecting the end of the method with its start, as well as, at the top of the editor, the complete method signature, together with the number of the line on which it's found. Very handy. Same support is found for other file types, such as in JavaScript files.

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• Do you sign each of your source files with your name? [duplicate]

  - by regularfry

  Possible Duplicate: How do you keep track of the authors of code? One of my colleagues is in the habit of putting his name and email address in the head of each source file he works on, as author metadata. I am not; I prefer to rely on source control to tell me who I should be speaking to about a given set of functionality. Should I also be signing files I work on for any other reasons? Do you? If so, why? To be clear, this is in addition to whatever metadata for copyright and licensing information is included, and applies to both open sourced and proprietary code.

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• How do I imply code contracts of chained methods to avoid superfluous checks while chaining?

  - by Sandor Drieënhuizen

  I'm using Code Contracts in C# 4.0. I'm applying the usual static method chaining to simulate optional parameters (I know C# 4.0 supports optional parameters but I really don't want to use them). The thing is that my contract requirements are executed twice (or possibly the number of chained overloads I'd implement) if I call the Init(string , string[]) method -- an obvious effect from the sample source code below. This can be expensive, especially due to relatively expensive requirements like the File.Exists I use. public static void Init(string configurationPath, string[] mappingAssemblies) { // The static contract checker 'makes' me put these here as well as // in the overload below. Contract.Requires<ArgumentNullException>(configurationPath != null, "configurationPath"); Contract.Requires<ArgumentException>(configurationPath.Length > 0, "configurationPath is an empty string."); Contract.Requires<FileNotFoundException>(File.Exists(configurationPath), configurationPath); Contract.Requires<ArgumentNullException>(mappingAssemblies != null, "mappingAssemblies"); Contract.ForAll<string>(mappingAssemblies, (n) => File.Exists(n)); Init(configurationPath, mappingAssemblies, null); } public static void Init(string configurationPath, string[] mappingAssemblies, string optionalArgument) { // This is the main implementation of Init and all calls to chained // overloads end up here. Contract.Requires<ArgumentNullException>(configurationPath != null, "configurationPath"); Contract.Requires<ArgumentException>(configurationPath.Length > 0, "configurationPath is an empty string."); Contract.Requires<FileNotFoundException>(File.Exists(configurationPath), configurationPath); Contract.Requires<ArgumentNullException>(mappingAssemblies != null, "mappingAssemblies"); Contract.ForAll<string>(mappingAssemblies, (n) => File.Exists(n)); //... } If however, I remove the requirements from that method, the static checker complains that the requirements of the Init(string, string[], string) overload are not met. I reckon that the static checker doesn't understand that there requirements of the Init(string, string[], string) overload implicitly apply to the Init(string, string[]) method as well; something that would be perfectly deductable from the code IMO. This is the situation I would like to achieve: public static void Init(string configurationPath, string[] mappingAssemblies) { // I don't want to repeat the requirements here because they will always // be checked in the overload called here. Init(configurationPath, mappingAssemblies, null); } public static void Init(string configurationPath, string[] mappingAssemblies, string optionalArgument) { // This is the main implementation of Init and all calls to chained // overloads end up here. Contract.Requires<ArgumentNullException>(configurationPath != null, "configurationPath"); Contract.Requires<ArgumentException>(configurationPath.Length > 0, "configurationPath is an empty string."); Contract.Requires<FileNotFoundException>(File.Exists(configurationPath), configurationPath); Contract.Requires<ArgumentNullException>(mappingAssemblies != null, "mappingAssemblies"); Contract.ForAll<string>(mappingAssemblies, (n) => File.Exists(n)); //... } So, my question is this: is there a way to have the requirements of Init(string, string[], string) implicitly apply to Init(string, string[]) automatically?

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• Can someone code review my small SDL app? Want to make sure I didn't make any beginner mistakes

  - by SDLFunTimes

  In an effort to teach myself the SDL library (hence my stack overflow handle :) ) I wanted to try my hand at a side-scroller. My code is complete but I want some feedback (mostly because I have an atrocious amount of if and else statements for what seems like some simple logic). My "program" is a c++ side-scroller where you move a single sprite across the screen. No jumping, bad guys, guns, scores, levels or anything. I wanted to use this as a base to build up upon. So I figured if my base is wrong I could end up with some pretty bad future apps. It's also multi-threaded. Next up on this I would like to make the person sprite animated (so it looks like he's walking rather than sliding) as well as make the person go faster when the arrow buttons are held down longer). The code is kind of long but here's my main method. There's a link at the bottom for the whole program: #include <iostream> #include "SDL.h" #include "game.hpp" using std::cout; using std::endl; const int SCREENW = 200; const int SCREENH = 200; const int BPP = 32; const int FPS = 24; int event_loop(void* stuff); int display_loop(void* stuff); int main(int argc, char** argv) { SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_EVERYTHING | SDL_INIT_EVENTTHREAD); SDL_Thread* events_thurd; SDL_Thread* display_thurd; SDL_Surface* screen = SDL_SetVideoMode(SCREENW, SCREENH, BPP, SDL_SWSURFACE); SDL_EnableKeyRepeat(SDL_DEFAULT_REPEAT_DELAY, SDL_DEFAULT_REPEAT_INTERVAL); SDL_Event event; Game* thug_aim = new Game(&event, screen, SCREENW, SCREENH, BPP); events_thurd = SDL_CreateThread(event_loop, (void*)thug_aim); display_thurd = SDL_CreateThread(display_loop, (void*)thug_aim); SDL_WaitThread(events_thurd, NULL); SDL_KillThread(display_thurd); delete thug_aim; return 0; } int event_loop(void* stuff) { Game* gamez = (Game*)stuff; SDL_Event* event = gamez->get_event(); while(1) { while(SDL_PollEvent(event)) { if(event->type == SDL_QUIT) { return 0; } else if(event->type == SDL_KEYDOWN) { if(event->key.keysym.sym == SDLK_LEFT || event->key.keysym.sym == SDLK_RIGHT) { gamez->move(event->key.keysym.sym); } } else if(event->type == SDL_KEYUP) { if(event->key.keysym.sym == SDLK_LEFT || event->key.keysym.sym == SDLK_RIGHT) { gamez->stop_move(event->key.keysym.sym); } } else { //not an event that concerns this game } } } } int display_loop(void* stuff) { Game* gamez = (Game*)stuff; double period = 1 / FPS * 1000; Uint32 milli_period = (Uint32)period; //get some of the attributes from gamez SDL_Rect* background_rect = gamez->get_background_rect(); SDL_Rect* person_rect = gamez->get_person_rect(); SDL_Surface* screen = gamez->get_screen(); SDL_Surface* background = gamez->get_background(); SDL_Surface* person = gamez->get_person(); Uint32 start, end; int sleep; while(1) { start = SDL_GetTicks(); //blit background SDL_BlitSurface(background, background_rect, screen, NULL); //blit person SDL_BlitSurface(person, NULL, screen, person_rect); end = SDL_GetTicks(); sleep = milli_period - (end - start); if(sleep < 0) { sleep = 0; } SDL_Delay((Uint32)sleep); if(SDL_Flip(gamez->get_screen()) != 0) { cout << "error drawing to screen: " << SDL_GetError() << endl; } } } Here's the link to the .zip file of all my code (please ignore some of the variable names ;-) ): Anyway can you guys take a look and tell me what you think? url edit: holy crap I didn't know 2shared was such a shitty site. Looking for a better uploader than that or rapidshare / mediafire.

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• Lisp Style question label local functions or not?

  - by Andrew Myers

  I was wondering if there is a standard practice regarding the use of labels in Lisp. I've been messing around with a Lisp implementation of the algorithm described in the first answer here http://stackoverflow.com/questions/352203/generating-permutations-lazily My current version uses labels to break out portions of functionality. (defun next-permutation (pmute) (declare (vector pmute)) (let ((len (length pmute))) (if (> len 2) (labels ((get-pivot () (do ((pivot (1- len) (1- pivot))) ((or (= pivot 0) (< (aref pmute (1- pivot)) (aref pmute pivot))) pivot))) (get-swap (pivot) (let ((swp (1- len))) (loop for i from (1- len) downto pivot do (if (or (and (> (aref pmute i) (aref pmute (1- pivot))) (< (aref pmute i) (aref pmute swp))) (< (aref pmute swp) (aref pmute (1- pivot)))) (setf swp i))) swp)) (next (swp pivot) (rotatef (aref pmute (1- pivot)) (aref pmute swp)) (reverse-vector pmute pivot (1- len)))) (let ((piv (get-pivot))) (if (> piv 0) (next (get-swap piv) piv) nil)))))) Since each label is only called once I was wondering if this is considered bad practice since the only reason to do it in this case is for aesthetic reasons. I would argue that the current version with labels is clearer but that may go against common wisdom that I'm not aware of, being new to Lisp.

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• function using cl-who:with-html-output ignoring parameter

  - by shanked

  I'm not sure whether this is an issue with my use of cl-who (specifically with-html-output-to-string and with-html-output) or an issue with my understanding of Common Lisp (as this is my first project using Lisp). I created a function to create form fields: (defun form-field (type name label) (cl-who:with-html-output (*standard-output* nil) (:div :class "field" (:label :for name label) (:input :type type :name name)))) When using this function, ie: (form-field "text" "username" "Username") the parameter label seems to be ignored... the HTML output is: <div class="field"><label for="username"></label> <input type="text" name="username"/></div> instead of the expected output: <div class="field"><label for="username">Username</label> <input type="text" name="username"/></div> If I modify the function and add a print statement: (defun form-field (type name label) (cl-who:with-html-output (*standard-output* nil) (print label) (:div :class "field" (:label :for name label) (:input :type type :name name)))) The "Username" string is successfully output (but still ignored in the HTML)... any ideas what might cause this? Keep in mind, I'm calling this function within a cl-who:with-html-output-to-string for use with hunchentoot.

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• Compiling Java code in terminal having a Jar in CLASSPATH

  - by Masi

  How can you compile the code using javac in a terminal by using google-collections in CLASSPATH? Example of code trying to compile using javac in a terminal (works in Eclipse) import com.google.common.collect.BiMap; import com.google.common.collect.HashBiMap; public class Locate { ... BiMap<MyFile, Integer> rankingToResult = HashBiMap.create(); ... } Compiling in terminal src 288 % javac Locate.java Locate.java:14: package com.google.common.collect does not exist import com.google.common.collect.BiMap; ^ Locate.java:15: package com.google.common.collect does not exist import com.google.common.collect.HashBiMap; ^ Locate.java:153: cannot find symbol symbol : class BiMap location: class Locate BiMap<MyFile, Integer> rankingToResult = HashBiMap.create(); ^ Locate.java:153: cannot find symbol symbol : variable HashBiMap location: class Locate BiMap<MyFile, Integer> rankingToResult = HashBiMap.create(); ^ 4 errors My CLASSPATH src 289 % echo $CLASSPATH /u/1/bin/javaLibraries/google-collect-1.0.jar

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• Generating code -- is there an easy way to get a proper string representation of nullable type?

  - by Cory Larson

  So I'm building an application that is going to do a ton of code generation with both C# and VB output (depending on project settings). I've got a CodeTemplateEngine, with two derived classes VBTemplateEngine and CSharpTemplateEngine. This question regards creating the property signatures based on columns in a database table. Using the IDataReader's GetSchemaTable method I gather the CLR type of the column, such as "System.Int32", and whether it IsNullable. However, I'd like to keep the code simple, and instead of having a property that looks like: public System.Int32? SomeIntegerColumn { get; set; } or public Nullable<System.Int32> SomeIntegerColumn { get; set; }, where the property type would be resolved with this function (from my VBTemplateEngine), public override string ResolveCLRType(bool? isNullable, string runtimeType) { Type type = TypeUtils.ResolveType(runtimeType); if (isNullable.HasValue && isNullable.Value == true && type.IsValueType) { return "System.Nullable(Of " + type.FullName + ")"; // or, for example... return type.FullName + "?"; } else { return type.FullName; } }, I would like to generate a simpler property. I hate the idea of building a Type string from nothing, and I would rather have something like: public int? SomeIntegerColumn { get; set; } Is there anything built-in anywhere, such as in the VBCodeProvider or CSharpCodeProvider classes that would somehow take care of this for me? Or is there a way to get a type alias of int? from a type string like System.Nullable'1[System.Int32]? Thanks!

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• Where do I input a piece of code in Emacs?

  - by Vivi

  Hi there, I have just started using Emacs for the specific purpose of editing latex documents. I was attracted to Emacs because I want to be able to customize syntax highlighting even to the point of defining the colors of specific words. I am new to Emacs and not a programmer, so I having an extreme difficulty in doing what I want to do because most help I find assume too much knowledge for my level (it took me days just to be able to install emacs + auctex and change the first face color). I found something that I think will help me but I don't know how to do it. The post below is what I want to do, but what I am supposed to do with this code? Where should I insert it or where should I type it? I am using GNU Emacs in Windows. Thank you so much for you help :) M-x what-face will print the face found at the current point. And the code for that is: (defun what-face (pos) (interactive "d") (let ((face (or (get-char-property (point) 'read-face-name) (get-char-property (point) 'face)))) (if face (message "Face: %s" face) (message "No face at %d" pos)))) By the way, I found this in another post that can be found here: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1242352/get-font-face-under-cursor-in-emacs

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• Macro and array crossing

  - by Thomas

  I am having a problem with a lisp macro. I would like to create a macro which generate a switch case according to an array. Here is the code to generate the switch-case: (defun split-elem(val) `(,(car val) ',(cdr val))) (defmacro generate-switch-case (var opts) `(case ,var ,(mapcar #'split-elem opts))) I can use it with a code like this: (generate-switch-case onevar ((a . A) (b . B))) But when I try to do something like this: (defparameter *operators* '((+ . OPERATOR-PLUS) (- . OPERATOR-MINUS) (/ . OPERATOR-DIVIDE) (= . OPERATOR-EQUAL) (* . OPERATOR-MULT))) (defmacro tokenize (data ops) (let ((sym (string->list data))) (mapcan (lambda (x) (generate-switch-case x ops)) sym))) (tokenize data *operators*) I got this error: *** - MAPCAR: A proper list must not end with OPS. But I don't understand why. When I print the type of ops I get SYMBOL I was expecting CONS, is it related? Also, for my function tokenize how many times the lambda is evaluated (or the macro expanded)?

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• Return lines in input code causing gaps/whitespace between elements in output?

  - by Jenny Zhang

  I am trying to put images next to each other on a webpage. Here is my HTML: <img class="pt" src="Yellow Tulip.jpg" title="Yellow Tulip" alt="Yellow Tulip" /> <img class="pt" src="Pink Tulip.jpg" title="Pink Tulip" alt="Pink Tulip" /> <img class="pt" src="Purple Tulip.jpg" title="Purple Tulip" alt="Purple Tulip" /> However, on my webpage, this shows a gap between each image. I've noticed that once I remove the return line that makes the elements separate and readable and instead just put all the elements on one line, the gaps go away. <img class="pt" src="Yellow Tulip.jpg" title="Yellow Tulip" alt="Yellow Tulip" /><img class="pt" src="Pink Tulip.jpg" title="Pink Tulip" alt="Pink Tulip" /><img class="pt" src="Purple Tulip.jpg" title="Purple Tulip" alt="Purple Tulip" /> Is there anyway I can achieve the output of the latter but still have the code/input look like the former? I really like the readability that the return lines (enter spaces) bring to the code, but I don't want the whitespace it creates on the actual page. If someone could explain why this is and/or how to fix it, I'd be really grateful! :)

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• Intelligent search and generation of Java code, preferrably using Python?

  - by Ipsquiggle

  Basically, I do lots of one-off code generation, large-scale refactorings, etc. etc. in Java. My tool language of choice is Python, but I'll take whatever solutions you can offer. Here is a simplified illustration of what I would like, in a pseudocode Generating an implementation for an interface search within my project: for each Interface as iName: write class(name=iName+"Impl", implements=iName) search within the body of iName: for each Method as mName: write method(name=mName, body="// TODO implement this...") Basically, the tool I'm searching for would allow me to: parse files according to their Java structure ("search for interfaces") search for words contextualized by language elements and types ("variables of type SomeClass", "doStuff() method calls on SomeClass instances") to run searches with structural context ("within the body of the current result") easily replace or generate code (with helpers to generate, as above, or functions for replacing, "rename the interface to Foo", "insert the line Blah.Blah()", etc.) The point is, I don't want to spend a lot of time writing these things, as they are usually throwaway. But sometimes I need something just a little smarter than what grep offers. It wouldn't be too hard to write up a simplistic version of this, but if I'm going to use something like this at all, I'd expect it to be robust. Any suggestions of a tool/library that will help me accomplish this?

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• Permuting output of a tree of closures

  - by yan

  This a conceptual question on how one would implement the following in Lisp (assuming Common Lisp in my case, but any dialect would work). Assume you have a function that creates closures that sequentially iterate over an arbitrary collection (or otherwise return different values) of data and returns nil when exhausted, i.e. (defun make-counter (up-to) (let ((cnt 0)) (lambda () (if (< cnt up-to) (incf cnt) nil)))) CL-USER> (defvar gen (make-counter 3)) GEN CL-USER> (funcall gen) 1 CL-USER> (funcall gen) 2 CL-USER> (funcall gen) 3 CL-USER> (funcall gen) NIL CL-USER> (funcall gen) NIL Now, assume you are trying to permute a combinations of one or more of these closures. How would you implement a function that returns a new closure that subsequently creates a permutation of all closures contained within it? i.e.: (defun permute-closures (counters) ......) such that the following holds true: CL-USER> (defvar collection (permute-closures (list (make-counter 3) (make-counter 3)))) CL-USER> (funcall collection) (1 1) CL-USER> (funcall collection) (1 2) CL-USER> (funcall collection) (1 3) CL-USER> (funcall collection) (2 1) ... and so on. The way I had it designed originally was to add a 'pause' parameter to the initial counting lambda such that when iterating you can still call it and receive the old cached value if passed ":pause t", in hopes of making the permutation slightly cleaner. Also, while the example above is a simple list of two identical closures, the list can be an arbitrarily-complicated tree (which can be permuted in depth-first order, and the resulting permutation set would have the shape of the tree.). I had this implemented, but my solution wasn't very clean and am trying to poll how others would approach the problem. Thanks in advance.

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• Moving data files failing

  - by Miles Hayler

  Trying to migrate data from C: to D: via the SBS console is failing. The wizard starts running but drops out in the first few seconds. I'll post the full logs, but the important lines appear to be as follows: An exception of type 'Type: System.IO.FileNotFoundException, mscorlib, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089' has occurred. Message: The system cannot find the file specified. (Exception from HRESULT: 0x80070002) Stack: at TaskScheduler.TaskSchedulerClass.GetFolder(String Path) at Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.Common.WindowsTaskScheduler..ctor(String taskPath, String taskName) BaseException: Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.Storage.Common.StorageException: GetServerBackupTaskStatus: fail to find the task --- ErrorCode:0 I've been googling for days with no luck. I have found that mscorlib is a component of .net, and I've discovered multiple instances of the file in %windir%, %windir%\winsxs, %windir%\Microsoft.net Anyone come across and fixed this one before? --------------------------------------------------------- [1516] 110315.190856.1105: Storage: Initializing...C:\Program Files\Windows Small Business Server\Bin\MoveData.exe [1516] 110315.190856.2875: Storage: Data Store to be moved: Exchange [1516] 110315.190856.5305: TaskScheduler: Exception System.IO.FileNotFoundException: [1516] 110315.190856.5605: Exception: --------------------------------------- An exception of type 'Type: System.IO.FileNotFoundException, mscorlib, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089' has occurred. Timestamp: 03/15/2011 19:08:56 Message: The system cannot find the file specified. (Exception from HRESULT: 0x80070002) Stack: at TaskScheduler.TaskSchedulerClass.GetFolder(String Path) at Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.Common.WindowsTaskScheduler..ctor(String taskPath, String taskName) [1516] 110315.190856.5625: Storage: Exception Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.Common.WindowsTaskSchedulerException: [1516] 110315.190856.5635: Exception: --------------------------------------- [b]An exception of type 'Type: Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.Common.WindowsTaskSchedulerException, Common, Version=6.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35' has occurred.[/b] Timestamp: 03/15/2011 19:08:56 Message: Failed to find the task path Stack: at Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.Common.WindowsTaskScheduler..ctor(String taskPath, String taskName) at Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.Storage.Common.ServerBackupUtility.GetServerBackupTaskStatus() --------------------------------------- An exception of type 'Type: System.IO.FileNotFoundException, mscorlib, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089' has occurred. Timestamp: 03/15/2011 19:08:56 Message: The system cannot find the file specified. (Exception from HRESULT: 0x80070002) Stack: at TaskScheduler.TaskSchedulerClass.GetFolder(String Path) at Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.Common.WindowsTaskScheduler..ctor(String taskPath, String taskName) [1516] 110315.190856.5665: Storage: Error Retrieving Server Backup Task Status: ErrorCode:0 BaseException: Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.Storage.Common.StorageException: GetServerBackupTaskStatus: fail to find the task ---> ErrorCode:0 BaseException: Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.Common.WindowsTaskSchedulerException: Failed to find the task path ---> System.IO.FileNotFoundException: The system cannot find the file specified. (Exception from HRESULT: 0x80070002) at TaskScheduler.TaskSchedulerClass.GetFolder(String Path) at Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.Common.WindowsTaskScheduler..ctor(String taskPath, String taskName) --- End of inner exception stack trace --- at Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.Common.WindowsTaskScheduler..ctor(String taskPath, String taskName) at Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.Storage.Common.ServerBackupUtility.GetServerBackupTaskStatus() --- End of inner exception stack trace --- at Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.Storage.Common.ServerBackupUtility.GetServerBackupTaskStatus() at Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.Storage.MoveData.Helper.get_ServerBackupTaskState() [1516] 110315.190857.6216: Storage: Backup Task State: Unknown [1516] 110315.190857.9347: Storage: Launching the Move Data Wizard! [1516] 110315.190857.9397: Wizard: Admin:QueryNextPage(null) = Storage.MoveDataWizard.GettingStartedPage [1516] 110315.190857.9417: Wizard: TOC Storage.MoveDataWizard.GettingStartedPage is on ExpectedPath [1516] 110315.190857.9577: Wizard: Storage.MoveDataWizard.GettingStartedPage entered [1516] 110315.190857.9657: Wizard: Admin:QueryNextPage(Storage.MoveDataWizard.GettingStartedPage) = Storage.MoveDataWizard.DiagnoseDataStorePage [1516] 110315.190857.9657: Wizard: TOC Storage.MoveDataWizard.DiagnoseDataStorePage is on ExpectedPath [1516] 110315.190857.9657: Wizard: Admin:QueryNextPage(Storage.MoveDataWizard.DiagnoseDataStorePage) = Storage.MoveDataWizard.NewDataStoreLocationPage [1516] 110315.190857.9657: Wizard: TOC Storage.MoveDataWizard.NewDataStoreLocationPage is on ExpectedPath [1516] 110315.190857.9657: Wizard: Admin:QueryNextPage(Storage.MoveDataWizard.NewDataStoreLocationPage) = null [1516] 110315.190857.9697: Wizard: ---------------------------------- [1516] 110315.190857.9697: Wizard: The pages visted: [1516] 110315.190857.9697: Wizard: Current Page := [TOC Storage.MoveDataWizard.GettingStartedPage] [1516] 110315.190857.9697: Wizard: [TOC] : TOC Storage.MoveDataWizard.DiagnoseDataStorePage [1516] 110315.190857.9697: Wizard: [TOC] : TOC Storage.MoveDataWizard.NewDataStoreLocationPage [1516] 110315.190857.9697: Wizard: Step 1 of 3 [1516] 110315.190907.0406: Wizard: Admin:QueryNextPage(Storage.MoveDataWizard.GettingStartedPage) = Storage.MoveDataWizard.DiagnoseDataStorePage [1516] 110315.190907.0416: Wizard: Storage.MoveDataWizard.GettingStartedPage exited with the button: Next [1516] 110315.190907.0416: WizardChainEngine Next Clicked: Going to page {0}.: Storage.MoveDataWizard.DiagnoseDataStorePage [1516] 110315.190907.0496: Wizard: Storage.MoveDataWizard.DiagnoseDataStorePage entered [1516] 110315.190907.0606: Wizard: Admin:QueryNextPage(Storage.MoveDataWizard.DiagnoseDataStorePage) = Storage.MoveDataWizard.NewDataStoreLocationPage [1516] 110315.190907.0606: Wizard: Admin:QueryNextPage(Storage.MoveDataWizard.NewDataStoreLocationPage) = null [1516] 110315.190907.0606: Wizard: ---------------------------------- [1516] 110315.190907.0606: Wizard: The pages visted: [1516] 110315.190907.0606: Wizard: [TOC] visited: TOC Storage.MoveDataWizard.GettingStartedPage [1516] 110315.190907.0606: Wizard: Current Page := [TOC Storage.MoveDataWizard.DiagnoseDataStorePage] [1516] 110315.190907.0616: Wizard: [TOC] : TOC Storage.MoveDataWizard.NewDataStoreLocationPage [1516] 110315.190907.0616: Wizard: Step 2 of 3 [19772] 110315.190907.0656: Storage: Starting System Diagnosis [19772] 110315.190907.0656: Storage: Getting Data Store Information [19772] 110315.190907.1086: Storage: Create the list of storage and DB directory path [19772] 110315.190907.1246: Messaging: Begin Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.Messaging.Management.MessagingTasks..ctor [19772] 110315.190907.1546: Messaging: Begin Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.Messaging.Management.MessagingTasks.Initialize [19772] 110315.190907.1596: Messaging: Begin Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.Messaging.Management.MessagingRunspace.Initialize [19772] 110315.190907.1606: Messaging: Exchange install path: C:\Program Files\Microsoft\Exchange Server\bin [19772] 110315.190908.4157: Messaging: E12 Monad runspace created ID: Microsoft.PowerShell [19772] 110315.190908.4237: Messaging: Begin Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.Messaging.Management.MessagingRunspace.StaticExecute [19772] 110315.190908.4287: Messaging: Executed management shell command: get-exchangeserver [19772] 110315.190910.2369: Messaging: End Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.Messaging.Management.MessagingRunspace.StaticExecute [19772] 110315.190910.2369: Messaging: End Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.Messaging.Management.MessagingRunspace.Initialize [19772] 110315.190910.5699: Messaging: Begin Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.Messaging.Management.MessagingTasks.GatherAdminInfo [19772] 110315.190910.5699: Messaging: Begin Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.Messaging.Management.MessagingRunspace.StaticExecute [19772] 110315.190910.5719: Messaging: Executed management shell command: get-user -Identity "dmagroup.local\Administrator" [19772] 110315.190911.0870: Messaging: End Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.Messaging.Management.MessagingRunspace.StaticExecute [19772] 110315.190911.0880: Messaging: Begin Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.Messaging.Management.MessagingRunspace.StaticExecute [19772] 110315.190911.0880: Messaging: Executed management shell command: get-mailbox -Identity "d2ae2bf0-48a7-4ce9-9e72-bb3c765454ac" [19772] 110315.190911.1300: Messaging: End Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.Messaging.Management.MessagingRunspace.StaticExecute [19772] 110315.190911.1310: Messaging: User Administrator is mail enabled and can use MessagingManagement to send mail. [19772] 110315.190911.1310: Messaging: Email address used for user: [email protected] [19772] 110315.190911.1440: Messaging: Begin Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.Messaging.Management.MessagingRunspace.StaticExecute [19772] 110315.190911.1440: Messaging: Executed management shell command: get-group -Identity "Domain Admins" [19772] 110315.190911.1630: Messaging: End Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.Messaging.Management.MessagingRunspace.StaticExecute [19772] 110315.190911.1640: Messaging: User Administrator is a member of Domain Admins and can use MessagingManagement to manage Exchange. [19772] 110315.190911.1640: Messaging: End Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.Messaging.Management.MessagingTasks.GatherAdminInfo [19772] 110315.190911.1640: Messaging: MessagingManagement enabled for Exchange management: True [19772] 110315.190911.1640: Messaging: MessagingManagement enabled for mail submission: True [19772] 110315.190911.1640: Messaging: End Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.Messaging.Management.MessagingTasks.Initialize [19772] 110315.190911.1640: Messaging: End Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.Messaging.Tasks.TaskMoveExchangeData.CreateDataStoreDriveList [19772] 110315.190911.1670: Messaging: Begin Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.Messaging.Management.MessagingRunspace.Initialize [19772] 110315.190911.1670: Messaging: Begin Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.Messaging.Management.MessagingRunspace.StaticExecute [19772] 110315.190911.1670: Messaging: Executed management shell command: get-storagegroup -Server "SERVER01" [19772] 110315.190911.2990: Messaging: End Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.Messaging.Management.MessagingRunspace.StaticExecute [19772] 110315.190911.3070: Messaging: Begin Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.Messaging.Management.MessagingRunspace.Initialize [19772] 110315.190911.3070: Messaging: Begin Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.Messaging.Management.MessagingRunspace.StaticExecute [19772] 110315.190911.3070: Messaging: Executed management shell command: get-mailboxdatabase -Server "SERVER01" [19772] 110315.190911.4440: Messaging: End Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.Messaging.Management.MessagingRunspace.StaticExecute [19772] 110315.190911.4520: Messaging: Begin Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.Messaging.Management.MessagingRunspace.Initialize [19772] 110315.190911.4520: Messaging: Begin Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.Messaging.Management.MessagingRunspace.StaticExecute [19772] 110315.190911.4520: Messaging: Executed management shell command: get-publicfolderdatabase -Server "SERVER01" [19772] 110315.190911.5240: Messaging: End Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.Messaging.Management.MessagingRunspace.StaticExecute [19772] 110315.190911.5510: Storage: Data Store Drive/s Details:Name=C:\,Size=12675712420 [19772] 110315.190911.5510: Storage: Data Store Size Details: Current Total Size=12675712420 Required Size=12675712420 [19772] 110315.190911.5510: Storage: MoveData Task can move the Data Store=True [19772] 110315.190911.8401: Storage: An error was encountered when performing system diagnosis : ErrorCode:0 BaseException: Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.Storage.Common.StorageException: WMI error occurred while accessing drive ---> System.Management.ManagementException: Not found at System.Management.ManagementException.ThrowWithExtendedInfo(ManagementStatus errorCode) at System.Management.ManagementObjectCollection.ManagementObjectEnumerator.MoveNext() at Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.Storage.Common.DriveUtil.IsDriveRemovable(String drive) --- End of inner exception stack trace --- at Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.Storage.Common.DriveUtil.IsDriveRemovable(String drive) at Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.Storage.Common.DataStoreInfo.LoadAvailableDrives() at Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.Storage.Common.MoveDataUtil.CanMoveData(DataStoreInfo storeInfo, MoveDataError& error) at Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.Storage.MoveData.DiagnoseDataStorePagePresenter.DiagnoseDataStore(Object sender, DoWorkEventArgs args) [1516] 110315.190912.0331: Storage: An error occured during the execution: System.Reflection.TargetInvocationException: Exception has been thrown by the target of an invocation. ---> ErrorCode:0 BaseException: Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.Storage.Common.StorageException: Diagnosing the Data Store failed (see the inner exception) ---> ErrorCode:0 BaseException: Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.Storage.Common.StorageException: WMI error occurred while accessing drive ---> System.Management.ManagementException: Not found at System.Management.ManagementException.ThrowWithExtendedInfo(ManagementStatus errorCode) at System.Management.ManagementObjectCollection.ManagementObjectEnumerator.MoveNext() at Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.Storage.Common.DriveUtil.IsDriveRemovable(String drive) --- End of inner exception stack trace --- at Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.Storage.Common.DriveUtil.IsDriveRemovable(String drive) at Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.Storage.Common.DataStoreInfo.LoadAvailableDrives() at Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.Storage.Common.MoveDataUtil.CanMoveData(DataStoreInfo storeInfo, MoveDataError& error) at Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.Storage.MoveData.DiagnoseDataStorePagePresenter.DiagnoseDataStore(Object sender, DoWorkEventArgs args) at System.ComponentModel.BackgroundWorker.WorkerThreadStart(Object argument) --- End of inner exception stack trace --- at Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.Storage.MoveData.DiagnoseDataStorePagePresenter.backgroundWorker_RunWorkerCompleted(Object sender, RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs e) --- End of inner exception stack trace --- at System.RuntimeMethodHandle._InvokeMethodFast(Object target, Object[] arguments, SignatureStruct& sig, MethodAttributes methodAttributes, RuntimeTypeHandle typeOwner) at System.Reflection.RuntimeMethodInfo.Invoke(Object obj, BindingFlags invokeAttr, Binder binder, Object[] parameters, CultureInfo culture, Boolean skipVisibilityChecks) at System.Delegate.DynamicInvokeImpl(Object[] args) at System.Windows.Forms.Control.InvokeMarshaledCallbackDo(ThreadMethodEntry tme) at System.Windows.Forms.Control.InvokeMarshaledCallbackHelper(Object obj) at System.Threading.ExecutionContext.runTryCode(Object userData) at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.RuntimeHelpers.ExecuteCodeWithGuaranteedCleanup(TryCode code, CleanupCode backoutCode, Object userData) at System.Threading.ExecutionContext.Run(ExecutionContext executionContext, ContextCallback callback, Object state) at System.Windows.Forms.Control.InvokeMarshaledCallback(ThreadMethodEntry tme) at System.Windows.Forms.Control.InvokeMarshaledCallbacks() at System.Windows.Forms.Control.WndProc(Message& m) at System.Windows.Forms.Control.ControlNativeWindow.WndProc(Message& m) at System.Windows.Forms.NativeWindow.DebuggableCallback(IntPtr hWnd, Int32 msg, IntPtr wparam, IntPtr lparam) at System.Windows.Forms.UnsafeNativeMethods.DispatchMessageW(MSG& msg) at System.Windows.Forms.Application.ComponentManager.System.Windows.Forms.UnsafeNativeMethods.IMsoComponentManager.FPushMessageLoop(Int32 dwComponentID, Int32 reason, Int32 pvLoopData) at System.Windows.Forms.Application.ThreadContext.RunMessageLoopInner(Int32 reason, ApplicationContext context) at System.Windows.Forms.Application.ThreadContext.RunMessageLoop(Int32 reason, ApplicationContext context) at Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.Common.Wizards.Framework.WizardFrameView.Create() at Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.Common.Wizards.Framework.WizardChainEngine.Launch() at Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.Storage.MoveData.MainClass.LaunchMoveDataWizard() at Microsoft.WindowsServerSolutions.Storage.MoveData.MainClass.Main(String[] args)

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• Code Contracts: Hiding ContractException

  - by DigiMortal

  It’s time to move on and improve my randomizer I wrote for an example of static checking of code contracts. In this posting I will modify contracts and give some explanations about pre-conditions and post-conditions. Also I will show you how to avoid ContractExceptions and how to replace them with your own exceptions. As a first thing let’s take a look at my randomizer. public class Randomizer {     public static int GetRandomFromRange(int min, int max)     {         var rnd = new Random();         return rnd.Next(min, max);     }       public static int GetRandomFromRangeContracted(int min, int max)     {         Contract.Requires(min < max, "Min must be less than max");           var rnd = new Random();         return rnd.Next(min, max);     } } We have some problems here. We need contract for method output and we also need some better exception handling mechanism. As ContractException as type is hidden from us we have to switch from ContractException to some other Exception type that we can catch. Adding post-condition Pre-conditions are contracts for method’s input interface. Read it as follows: pre-conditions make sure that all conditions for method’s successful run are met. Post-conditions are contracts for output interface of method. So, post-conditions are for output arguments and return value. My code misses the post-condition that checks return value. Return value in this case must be greater or equal to minimum value and less or equal to maximum value. To make sure that method can run only the correct value I added call to Contract.Ensures() method. public static int GetRandomFromRangeContracted(int min, int max) {     Contract.Requires(min < max, "Min must be less than max");       Contract.Ensures(         Contract.Result<int>() >= min &&         Contract.Result<int>() <= max,         "Return value is out of range"     );       var rnd = new Random();     return rnd.Next(min, max); } I think that the line I added does not need any further comments. Avoiding ContractException for input interface ContractException lives in hidden namespace and we cannot see it at design time. But it is common exception type for all contract exceptions that we do not switch over to some other type. The case of Contract.Requires() method is simple: we can tell it what kind of exception we need if something goes wrong with contract it ensures. public static int GetRandomFromRangeContracted(int min, int max) {     Contract.Requires<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(         min < max,         "Min must be less than max"     );       Contract.Ensures(         Contract.Result<int>() >= min &&         Contract.Result<int>() <= max,         "Return value is out of range"     );       var rnd = new Random();     return rnd.Next(min, max); } Now, if we violate the input interface contract giving min value that is not less than max value we get ArgumentOutOfRangeException. Avoiding ContractException for output interface Output interface is more complex to control. We cannot give exception type there and hope that this type of exception will be thrown if something goes wrong. Instead we have to use delegate that gathers information about problem and throws the exception we expect to be thrown. From documentation you can find the following example about the delegate I mentioned. Contract.ContractFailed += (sender, e) => {     e.SetHandled();     e.SetUnwind(); // cause code to abort after event     Assert.Fail(e.FailureKind.ToString() + ":" + e.DebugMessage); }; We can use this delegate to throw the Exception. Let’s move the code to separate method too. Here is our method that uses now ContractException hiding. public static int GetRandomFromRangeContracted(int min, int max) {     Contract.Requires(min < max, "Min must be less than max");       Contract.Ensures(         Contract.Result<int>() >= min &&         Contract.Result<int>() <= max,         "Return value is out of range"     );     Contract.ContractFailed += Contract_ContractFailed;       var rnd = new Random();     return rnd.Next(min, max)+1000; } And here is the delegate that creates exception. public static void Contract_ContractFailed(object sender,     ContractFailedEventArgs e) {     e.SetHandled();     e.SetUnwind();       throw new Exception(e.FailureKind.ToString() + ":" + e.Message); } Basically we can do in this delegate whatever we like to do with output interface errors. We can even introduce our own contract exception type. As you can see later then ContractFailed event is very useful at unit testing.

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