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• Permissions problems with Apache / SVN

  - by Fred Wuerges

  I am installed a SVN server (v1.6) on a VPS contracted with CentOS 5, Apache 2.2 with WHM panel. I installed and configured all necessary modules and am able to create and access repositories via my web browser normally. The problem: I can not commit or import anything, always return permission errors: First error: Can not open file '/var/www/svn/test/db/txn-current-lock': Permission denied After fix the previous error: Can't open '/var/www/svn/test/db/tempfile.tmp': Permission denied And other... (and happends many others) Can't open file '/var/www/svn/test/db/txn-protorevs/0-1m.rev': Permission denied I've read and executed permissions on numerous tutorials regarding this errors, all without success. I've defined the owner as apache or nobody and different permissions for folders and files. I'm using TortoiseSVN to connect to the server. Some information that may find useful: I'm trying to perform commit through an external HTTP connection, like: svn commit http://example.com/svn/test SELinux is disabled. sestatus returns SELinux status: disabled Running the command to see the active processes of Apache, some processes are left with user/group "nobody". I tried changing the settings of Apache to not run with that user/group, but all my websites stopped working, returning this error: Forbidden You don't have permission to access / on this server. Additionally, a 403 Forbidden error was encountered while trying to use an ErrorDocument to handle the request. Apache process list: root@vps [/var/www]# ps aux | egrep '(apache|httpd)' root 19904 0.0 4.4 133972 35056 ? Ss 16:58 0:00 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL nobody 20401 0.0 3.5 133972 27772 ? S 17:01 0:00 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL root 20409 0.0 3.4 133972 27112 ? S 17:01 0:00 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL nobody 20410 0.0 3.8 190040 30412 ? Sl 17:01 0:00 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL nobody 20412 0.0 3.9 190344 30944 ? Sl 17:01 0:00 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL nobody 20414 0.0 4.4 190160 35364 ? Sl 17:01 0:00 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL nobody 20416 0.0 4.0 190980 32108 ? Sl 17:01 0:00 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL nobody 20418 0.3 5.3 263028 42328 ? Sl 17:01 0:12 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL root 32409 0.0 0.1 7212 816 pts/0 R+ 17:54 0:00 egrep (apache|httpd) SVN folder permission var/www/: drwxrwxr-x 3 apache apache 4096 Dec 11 16:41 svn/ Repository permission var/www/svn/: drwxrwxr-x 6 apache apache 4096 Dec 11 16:41 test/ Internal folders of repository var/www/svn/test: drwxrwxr-x 2 apache apache 4096 Dec 11 16:41 conf/ drwxrwxr-x 6 apache apache 4096 Dec 11 16:41 db/ -rwxrwxr-x 1 apache apache 2 Dec 11 16:41 format* drwxrwxr-x 2 apache apache 4096 Dec 11 16:41 hooks/ drwxrwxr-x 2 apache apache 4096 Dec 11 16:41 locks/ -rwxrwxr-x 1 apache apache 229 Dec 11 16:41 README.txt*

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• Sendmail to local domain ignoring MX records (part 2)

  - by FractalizeR

  Hello. I have the exact problem, like in this post: http://serverfault.com/questions/25068/sendmail-to-local-domain-ignoring-mx-records I am also using email provider like GMail For Your Domain (which stores your mail and manages it). I am sending mail from my server directly, but receiving mail is done via Yandex (email provider). Since the server hosts forum, I prefer to send mail directly from it because using another mail provider can slow things. Also, when I send 300.000 emails to my subscribers, email provider will surely block me thinking I send spam. My DNS zone now is: ; ; GSMFORUM.RU ; $TTL 1H gsmforum.ru. SOA ns1.hc.ru. support.hc.ru. ( 2009122268 ; Serial 1H ; Refresh 30M ; Retry 1W ; Expire 1H ) ; Minimum gsmforum.ru. NS ns1.hc.ru. gsmforum.ru. NS ns2.hc.ru. @ A 79.174.68.223 *.gsmforum.ru. CNAME @ ns1 A 79.174.68.223 ns2 A 79.174.68.224 @ MX 10 mx.yandex.ru. mail CNAME domain.mail.yandex.net. yamail-xxxxxxxxx CNAME mail.yandex.ru. Server hostname is server.gsmforum.ru. May be this is the cause? Can someone explain the reason of the matter (the rules that make sendmail consider domain to be local)? Can I easily change *.gsmforum.ru. CNAME @ into *.gsmforum.ru. A 79.174.68.224 to solve this problem? [root@server ~]# cat /etc/mail/local-host-names localhost localhost.localdomain This server hosts gsmforum.ru so I cannot put it into another domain like David Mackintosh suggests. Putting domain in mailertable doesn't solve the problem also. sendmail -bt still shows, that address is local. DontProbeInterfaces is also set to true at sendmail config. M4 file follows: divert(-1)dnl dnl # dnl # This is the sendmail macro config file for m4. If you make changes to dnl # /etc/mail/sendmail.mc, you will need to regenerate the dnl # /etc/mail/sendmail.cf file by confirming that the sendmail-cf package is dnl # installed and then performing a dnl # dnl # make -C /etc/mail dnl # include(`/usr/share/sendmail-cf/m4/cf.m4')dnl VERSIONID(`setup for linux')dnl OSTYPE(`linux')dnl dnl # dnl # Do not advertize sendmail version. dnl # dnl define(`confSMTP_LOGIN_MSG', `$j Sendmail; $b')dnl dnl # dnl # default logging level is 9, you might want to set it higher to dnl # debug the configuration dnl # dnl define(`confLOG_LEVEL', `9')dnl dnl # dnl # Uncomment and edit the following line if your outgoing mail needs to dnl # be sent out through an external mail server: dnl # dnl define(`SMART_HOST', `smtp.your.provider')dnl dnl # define(`confDEF_USER_ID', ``8:12'')dnl dnl define(`confAUTO_REBUILD')dnl define(`confTO_CONNECT', `1m')dnl define(`confTRY_NULL_MX_LIST', `True')dnl define(`confDONT_PROBE_INTERFACES',`True') define(`PROCMAIL_MAILER_PATH', `/usr/bin/procmail')dnl define(`ALIAS_FILE', `/etc/aliases')dnl define(`STATUS_FILE', `/var/log/mail/statistics')dnl define(`UUCP_MAILER_MAX', `2000000')dnl define(`confUSERDB_SPEC', `/etc/mail/userdb.db')dnl define(`confPRIVACY_FLAGS', `authwarnings,novrfy,noexpn,restrictqrun')dnl define(`confAUTH_OPTIONS', `A')dnl dnl # dnl # The following allows relaying if the user authenticates, and disallows dnl # plaintext authentication (PLAIN/LOGIN) on non-TLS links dnl # dnl define(`confAUTH_OPTIONS', `A p')dnl dnl # dnl # PLAIN is the preferred plaintext authentication method and used by dnl # Mozilla Mail and Evolution, though Outlook Express and other MUAs do dnl # use LOGIN. Other mechanisms should be used if the connection is not dnl # guaranteed secure. dnl # Please remember that saslauthd needs to be running for AUTH. dnl # dnl TRUST_AUTH_MECH(`EXTERNAL DIGEST-MD5 CRAM-MD5 LOGIN PLAIN')dnl dnl define(`confAUTH_MECHANISMS', `EXTERNAL GSSAPI DIGEST-MD5 CRAM-MD5 LOGIN PLAIN')dnl dnl # dnl # Rudimentary information on creating certificates for sendmail TLS: dnl # cd /usr/share/ssl/certs; make sendmail.pem dnl # Complete usage: dnl # make -C /usr/share/ssl/certs usage dnl # dnl define(`confCACERT_PATH', `/etc/pki/tls/certs')dnl dnl define(`confCACERT', `/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt')dnl dnl define(`confSERVER_CERT', `/etc/pki/tls/certs/sendmail.pem')dnl dnl define(`confSERVER_KEY', `/etc/pki/tls/certs/sendmail.pem')dnl dnl # dnl # This allows sendmail to use a keyfile that is shared with OpenLDAP's dnl # slapd, which requires the file to be readble by group ldap dnl # dnl define(`confDONT_BLAME_SENDMAIL', `groupreadablekeyfile')dnl dnl # dnl define(`confTO_QUEUEWARN', `4h')dnl dnl define(`confTO_QUEUERETURN', `5d')dnl dnl define(`confQUEUE_LA', `12')dnl dnl define(`confREFUSE_LA', `18')dnl define(`confTO_IDENT', `0')dnl dnl FEATURE(delay_checks)dnl FEATURE(`no_default_msa', `dnl')dnl FEATURE(`smrsh', `/usr/sbin/smrsh')dnl FEATURE(`mailertable', `hash -o /etc/mail/mailertable.db')dnl FEATURE(`virtusertable', `hash -o /etc/mail/virtusertable.db')dnl FEATURE(redirect)dnl FEATURE(always_add_domain)dnl FEATURE(use_cw_file)dnl FEATURE(use_ct_file)dnl dnl # dnl # The following limits the number of processes sendmail can fork to accept dnl # incoming messages or process its message queues to 20.) sendmail refuses dnl # to accept connections once it has reached its quota of child processes. dnl # dnl define(`confMAX_DAEMON_CHILDREN', `20')dnl dnl # dnl # Limits the number of new connections per second. This caps the overhead dnl # incurred due to forking new sendmail processes. May be useful against dnl # DoS attacks or barrages of spam. (As mentioned below, a per-IP address dnl # limit would be useful but is not available as an option at this writing.) dnl # dnl define(`confCONNECTION_RATE_THROTTLE', `3')dnl dnl # dnl # The -t option will retry delivery if e.g. the user runs over his quota. dnl # FEATURE(local_procmail, `', `procmail -t -Y -a $h -d $u')dnl FEATURE(`access_db', `hash -T<TMPF> -o /etc/mail/access.db')dnl FEATURE(`blacklist_recipients')dnl EXPOSED_USER(`root')dnl dnl # dnl # For using Cyrus-IMAPd as POP3/IMAP server through LMTP delivery uncomment dnl # the following 2 definitions and activate below in the MAILER section the dnl # cyrusv2 mailer. dnl # dnl define(`confLOCAL_MAILER', `cyrusv2')dnl dnl define(`CYRUSV2_MAILER_ARGS', `FILE /var/lib/imap/socket/lmtp')dnl dnl # dnl # The following causes sendmail to only listen on the IPv4 loopback address dnl # 127.0.0.1 and not on any other network devices. Remove the loopback dnl # address restriction to accept email from the internet or intranet. dnl # DAEMON_OPTIONS(`Name=MTA,Port=smtp') dnl # dnl # The following causes sendmail to additionally listen to port 587 for dnl # mail from MUAs that authenticate. Roaming users who can't reach their dnl # preferred sendmail daemon due to port 25 being blocked or redirected find dnl # this useful. dnl # dnl DAEMON_OPTIONS(`Port=submission, Name=MSA, M=Ea')dnl dnl # dnl # The following causes sendmail to additionally listen to port 465, but dnl # starting immediately in TLS mode upon connecting. Port 25 or 587 followed dnl # by STARTTLS is preferred, but roaming clients using Outlook Express can't dnl # do STARTTLS on ports other than 25. Mozilla Mail can ONLY use STARTTLS dnl # and doesn't support the deprecated smtps; Evolution <1.1.1 uses smtps dnl # when SSL is enabled-- STARTTLS support is available in version 1.1.1. dnl # dnl # For this to work your OpenSSL certificates must be configured. dnl # dnl DAEMON_OPTIONS(`Port=smtps, Name=TLSMTA, M=s')dnl dnl # dnl # The following causes sendmail to additionally listen on the IPv6 loopback dnl # device. Remove the loopback address restriction listen to the network. dnl # dnl DAEMON_OPTIONS(`port=smtp,Addr=::1, Name=MTA-v6, Family=inet6')dnl dnl # dnl # enable both ipv6 and ipv4 in sendmail: dnl # dnl DAEMON_OPTIONS(`Name=MTA-v4, Family=inet, Name=MTA-v6, Family=inet6') dnl # dnl # We strongly recommend not accepting unresolvable domains if you want to dnl # protect yourself from spam. However, the laptop and users on computers dnl # that do not have 24x7 DNS do need this. dnl # FEATURE(`accept_unresolvable_domains')dnl dnl # dnl FEATURE(`relay_based_on_MX')dnl dnl # dnl # Also accept email sent to "localhost.localdomain" as local email. dnl # LOCAL_DOMAIN(`localhost.localdomain')dnl dnl # dnl # The following example makes mail from this host and any additional dnl # specified domains appear to be sent from mydomain.com dnl # dnl MASQUERADE_AS(`mydomain.com')dnl dnl # dnl # masquerade not just the headers, but the envelope as well dnl # dnl FEATURE(masquerade_envelope)dnl dnl # dnl # masquerade not just @mydomainalias.com, but @*.mydomainalias.com as well dnl # dnl FEATURE(masquerade_entire_domain)dnl dnl # dnl MASQUERADE_DOMAIN(localhost)dnl dnl MASQUERADE_DOMAIN(localhost.localdomain)dnl dnl MASQUERADE_DOMAIN(mydomainalias.com)dnl dnl MASQUERADE_DOMAIN(mydomain.lan)dnl MAILER(smtp)dnl MAILER(procmail)dnl dnl MAILER(cyrusv2)dnl FEATURE(`dnsbl',`zen.spamhaus.org',`Rejected - your IP is blacklisted by http://www.spamhaus.org')

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• How Do I Know the Memory Used by Apps

  - by user176890

  Is it possible to know the memory used by any apps running on my linux server? I'm using the following command to know how much memory used by php-fpm. ps -ylC php5-fpm --sort:rss | awk '!/RSS/ { s+=$8 } END { printf "%s\n", "Total memory used by PHP-FPM child processes: "; printf "%dM\n", s/1024 }' Given the command above, I want to know the memory used by all apps with an example output below: PHP-FPM: 2.3gb MySQL: 5gb nginx: 200mb dovecot: 100mb memcached: 573mb

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• Mac OS X web server memory depletion issues

  - by Ali

  I have a Mac mini ram 4GB setup as a web server which has low traffic - it is running single WordPress instance and a forum. Why is available memory dropping to ~20MB after a while, bringing the whole server down? I see httpd processes climbing more and more, and the only thing I can do is to restart the server and everything will work fine again. Anybody with the same issues to share their thought about this?

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• DEBIAN minimum hard disk footprint

  - by user41072

  Hi, I found this http://serverfault.com/questions/29071/red-hat-server-minimal-install question while searching google for debian minimal install. User shylent wrote thet he uses really basic debian install so small that processes can count on one hand fingers :D. So Im searching and asking for starting point to create basic linux distro but not from scratch like LFS but make linux distro based on debian for example. I used debootstrap but still it is 150M large.

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• fast X11 forwarding

  - by user20196

  Hi, I am using ssh -X to display GUI apps locally. Is there a better way to speedup this processes - something similar what NoMachine Nx server / client does? Thanks, Mariusz.

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• Major computer speed problems

  - by Glen654

  I've been running Windows 7 on my laptop for about a year now, and have had no issues regarding speed. About a month ago, my computer had what I refer to now as an "episode" where it runs extremely slow, when I open Task Manager I see no significant processes running, nothing out of the ordinary, but my computer is at 100% CPU usage. Usually restarting fixed this problem, but it seems to have gotten worse to the point where restarting does not fix this problem, and it's interfering with my work. What should I do?

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• Handbrake --stop-at parameter not working as intended

  - by KG

  Hey all, I run the following from command line: handbrakeCLI.exe -i SourceFile.mkv -o OutputFile.mkv --stop-at 120 According to the CLIGuide you can supply the --stop-at value as seconds (which is what I want, stop encoding 120 seconds into the file). My purpose for this is to quickly create a very high quality video clip from a full movie for testing other encoding processes. However, when I view my output file it is the entire movie. Any ideas?

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• Linux RAID-0 performance doesn't scale up over 1 GB/s

  - by wazoox

  I have trouble getting the max throughput out of my setup. The hardware is as follow : dual Quad-Core AMD Opteron(tm) Processor 2376 16 GB DDR2 ECC RAM dual Adaptec 52245 RAID controllers 48 1 TB SATA drives set up as 2 RAID-6 arrays (256KB stripe) + spares. Software : Plain vanilla 2.6.32.25 kernel, compiled for AMD-64, optimized for NUMA; Debian Lenny userland. benchmarks run : disktest, bonnie++, dd, etc. All give the same results. No discrepancy here. io scheduler used : noop. Yeah, no trick here. Up until now I basically assumed that striping (RAID 0) several physical devices should augment performance roughly linearly. However this is not the case here : each RAID array achieves about 780 MB/s write, sustained, and 1 GB/s read, sustained. writing to both RAID arrays simultaneously with two different processes gives 750 + 750 MB/s, and reading from both gives 1 + 1 GB/s. however when I stripe both arrays together, using either mdadm or lvm, the performance is about 850 MB/s writing and 1.4 GB/s reading. at least 30% less than expected! running two parallel writer or reader processes against the striped arrays doesn't enhance the figures, in fact it degrades performance even further. So what's happening here? Basically I ruled out bus or memory contention, because when I run dd on both drives simultaneously, aggregate write speed actually reach 1.5 GB/s and reading speed tops 2 GB/s. So it's not the PCIe bus. I suppose it's not the RAM. It's not the filesystem, because I get exactly the same numbers benchmarking against the raw device or using XFS. And I also get exactly the same performance using either LVM striping and md striping. What's wrong? What's preventing a process from going up to the max possible throughput? Is Linux striping defective? What other tests could I run?

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• Simple tool to graph memory usage?

  - by dbr

  Is there a script that will show memory usage as a graph, for example as a pie-chart, with each process being being a separate slice? I'm not looking for something like Munin to graph memory usage over time, but rather show the memory usage per-process at a single point in time. To make my request even more obscure, it is for a headless server (so no X applications). The simplest way would be to write a PNG file, or possibly an HTML file (which could use Javascript to allow the filtering of processes, changing between graph-types and so on)

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• How to install software on Amazon EC2 Windows instance?

  - by JohnIdol

  I've never used Amazon EC2 - I am thinking to test a few instances for running intensive computation processes I have a requirement for rather than buying real hardware. I am given to understand the thing is quite easy to setup - but I have no clue of how it actually works. Can I upload disc images and install just any software as on any other virtual machine or is there any significant difference? Any help appreciated!

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• Parallel File Copy

  - by Jon

  I have a list of files I need to copy on a Linux system - each file ranges from 10 to 100GB in size. I only want to copy to the local filesystem. Is there a way to do this in parallel - with multiple processes each responsible for copying a file - in a simple manner? I can easily write a multithreaded program to do this, but I'm interested in finding out if there's a low level Linux method for doing this.

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• Halt Netbackup from doing any Backups, but still allow Restore

  - by Kyle Brandt

  My backup system is currently shut down do the library being broken. I am going to attempt to repair the library, but want to make sure none of the current data that is past the retention period gets over written. Is there a simple way that I can start netbackup, but put a halt on any back processes before they start?

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• Things IT needs to do for compliance in a private company?

  - by SQL Baba

  My company is a private, family owned business. The company is head quartered in USA and also runs businesses in several countries including Mexico, UK, Canada, Carribean islands and few other countries in S.America. Me and my boss had a discussion over lunch regarding IT compliance and we wondered what kind of mail archiving solution we need to pursue and what are the other IT related compliance we need to pursue. Our processes include online and phone based sales, phone based customer support, w-9 (SSN and EIN) verification, etc.

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• Avoid linux out-of-memory application teardown

  - by Eddie Parker

  I'm finding that on occasion my Linux box runs out of memory and it starts tearing down random processes to deal with it. I'm curious what administrators do to avoid this? Is the only real solution to up the amount of memory (will upping the swap alone help?), or is there better ways to set up the box with software to avoid this? (i.e., quotas, or some such?). I'd appreciate some feedback. Cheers, -e-

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• cgconfig.conf : setting root control group parameters

  - by delerious010

  I've got cpu, cpuacct and memory cgroups configured via /etc/cgconfig.conf ( cgconfig-bin on Lucid ). I can add new control groups, and assign processes to them however there does not seem to be a facility for changing the paramters of the root level memory cgroup ( the actual mount point ). How would one best set such parameters in a clean manner withoput c For example, I've the memory cgroup mounted to /var/run/cgroup/memory. I'd like to have /var/run/cgroup/memory/memory.use_hierarchy set to 1 on boot.

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• How to limit ram usage of a certain binary?

  - by marc.riera

  Hello, i have a binary, which indexes some stuff, it eats all my ram and my swap. Then the server hangs. I would like to limit its ram usage. I've looking at cpulimit and /etc/security/limits.conf but both of them focus on cpu limits and user/processes . Have somebody limited the usage of a certain binary? How can I approach this issue? Thanks

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• How may I run a user process at system startup that the user can set himself?

  - by Eduardo

  I would like the users of the system to be able to setup processes that run at system startup that they can setup by themselves. How may I do it?

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• Strange Recurrent Excessive I/O Wait

  - by Chris

  I know quite well that I/O wait has been discussed multiple times on this site, but all the other topics seem to cover constant I/O latency, while the I/O problem we need to solve on our server occurs at irregular (short) intervals, but is ever-present with massive spikes of up to 20k ms a-wait and service times of 2 seconds. The disk affected is /dev/sdb (Seagate Barracuda, for details see below). A typical iostat -x output would at times look like this, which is an extreme sample but by no means rare: iostat (Oct 6, 2013) tps rd_sec/s wr_sec/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 16.00 0.00 156.00 9.75 21.89 288.12 36.00 57.60 5.50 0.00 44.00 8.00 48.79 2194.18 181.82 100.00 2.00 0.00 16.00 8.00 46.49 3397.00 500.00 100.00 4.50 0.00 40.00 8.89 43.73 5581.78 222.22 100.00 14.50 0.00 148.00 10.21 13.76 5909.24 68.97 100.00 1.50 0.00 12.00 8.00 8.57 7150.67 666.67 100.00 0.50 0.00 4.00 8.00 6.31 10168.00 2000.00 100.00 2.00 0.00 16.00 8.00 5.27 11001.00 500.00 100.00 0.50 0.00 4.00 8.00 2.96 17080.00 2000.00 100.00 34.00 0.00 1324.00 9.88 1.32 137.84 4.45 59.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 22.00 44.00 204.00 11.27 0.01 0.27 0.27 0.60 Let me provide you with some more information regarding the hardware. It's a Dell 1950 III box with Debian as OS where uname -a reports the following: Linux xx 2.6.32-5-amd64 #1 SMP Fri Feb 15 15:39:52 UTC 2013 x86_64 GNU/Linux The machine is a dedicated server that hosts an online game without any databases or I/O heavy applications running. The core application consumes about 0.8 of the 8 GBytes RAM, and the average CPU load is relatively low. The game itself, however, reacts rather sensitive towards I/O latency and thus our players experience massive ingame lag, which we would like to address as soon as possible. iostat: avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 1.77 0.01 1.05 1.59 0.00 95.58 Device: tps Blk_read/s Blk_wrtn/s Blk_read Blk_wrtn sdb 13.16 25.42 135.12 504701011 2682640656 sda 1.52 0.74 20.63 14644533 409684488 Uptime is: 19:26:26 up 229 days, 17:26, 4 users, load average: 0.36, 0.37, 0.32 Harddisk controller: 01:00.0 RAID bus controller: LSI Logic / Symbios Logic MegaRAID SAS 1078 (rev 04) Harddisks: Array 1, RAID-1, 2x Seagate Cheetah 15K.5 73 GB SAS Array 2, RAID-1, 2x Seagate ST3500620SS Barracuda ES.2 500GB 16MB 7200RPM SAS Partition information from df: Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/sdb1 480191156 30715200 425083668 7% /home /dev/sda2 7692908 437436 6864692 6% / /dev/sda5 15377820 1398916 13197748 10% /usr /dev/sda6 39159724 19158340 18012140 52% /var Some more data samples generated with iostat -dx sdb 1 (Oct 11, 2013) Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rsec/s wsec/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util sdb 0.00 15.00 0.00 70.00 0.00 656.00 9.37 4.50 1.83 4.80 33.60 sdb 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.00 0.00 16.00 8.00 12.00 836.00 500.00 100.00 sdb 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.00 0.00 32.00 10.67 9.96 1990.67 333.33 100.00 sdb 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.00 0.00 40.00 10.00 6.96 3075.00 250.00 100.00 sdb 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 sdb 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.00 0.00 16.00 8.00 2.62 4648.00 500.00 100.00 sdb 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 sdb 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 16.00 16.00 1.69 7024.00 1000.00 100.00 sdb 0.00 74.00 0.00 124.00 0.00 1584.00 12.77 1.09 67.94 6.94 86.00 Characteristic charts generated with rrdtool can be found here: iostat plot 1, 24 min interval: http://imageshack.us/photo/my-images/600/yqm3.png/ iostat plot 2, 120 min interval: http://imageshack.us/photo/my-images/407/griw.png/ As we have a rather large cache of 5.5 GBytes, we thought it might be a good idea to test if the I/O wait spikes would perhaps be caused by cache miss events. Therefore, we did a sync and then this to flush the cache and buffers: echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches and directly afterwards the I/O wait and service times virtually went through the roof, and everything on the machine felt like slow motion. During the next few hours the latency recovered and everything was as before - small to medium lags in short, unpredictable intervals. Now my question is: does anybody have any idea what might cause this annoying behaviour? Is it the first indication of the disk array or the raid controller dying, or something that can be easily mended by rebooting? (At the moment we're very reluctant to do this, however, because we're afraid that the disks might not come back up again.) Any help is greatly appreciated. Thanks in advance, Chris. Edited to add: we do see one or two processes go to 'D' state in top, one of which seems to be kjournald rather frequently. If I'm not mistaken, however, this does not indicate the processes causing the latency, but rather those affected by it - correct me if I'm wrong. Does the information about uninterruptibly sleeping processes help us in any way to address the problem? @Andy Shinn requested smartctl data, here it is: smartctl -a -d megaraid,2 /dev/sdb yields: smartctl 5.40 2010-07-12 r3124 [x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu] (local build) Copyright (C) 2002-10 by Bruce Allen, http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net Device: SEAGATE ST3500620SS Version: MS05 Serial number: Device type: disk Transport protocol: SAS Local Time is: Mon Oct 14 20:37:13 2013 CEST Device supports SMART and is Enabled Temperature Warning Disabled or Not Supported SMART Health Status: OK Current Drive Temperature: 20 C Drive Trip Temperature: 68 C Elements in grown defect list: 0 Vendor (Seagate) cache information Blocks sent to initiator = 1236631092 Blocks received from initiator = 1097862364 Blocks read from cache and sent to initiator = 1383620256 Number of read and write commands whose size <= segment size = 531295338 Number of read and write commands whose size > segment size = 51986460 Vendor (Seagate/Hitachi) factory information number of hours powered up = 36556.93 number of minutes until next internal SMART test = 32 Error counter log: Errors Corrected by Total Correction Gigabytes Total ECC rereads/ errors algorithm processed uncorrected fast | delayed rewrites corrected invocations [10^9 bytes] errors read: 509271032 47 0 509271079 509271079 20981.423 0 write: 0 0 0 0 0 5022.039 0 verify: 1870931090 196 0 1870931286 1870931286 100558.708 0 Non-medium error count: 0 SMART Self-test log Num Test Status segment LifeTime LBA_first_err [SK ASC ASQ] Description number (hours) # 1 Background short Completed 16 36538 - [- - -] # 2 Background short Completed 16 36514 - [- - -] # 3 Background short Completed 16 36490 - [- - -] # 4 Background short Completed 16 36466 - [- - -] # 5 Background short Completed 16 36442 - [- - -] # 6 Background long Completed 16 36420 - [- - -] # 7 Background short Completed 16 36394 - [- - -] # 8 Background short Completed 16 36370 - [- - -] # 9 Background long Completed 16 36364 - [- - -] #10 Background short Completed 16 36361 - [- - -] #11 Background long Completed 16 2 - [- - -] #12 Background short Completed 16 0 - [- - -] Long (extended) Self Test duration: 6798 seconds [113.3 minutes] smartctl -a -d megaraid,3 /dev/sdb yields: smartctl 5.40 2010-07-12 r3124 [x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu] (local build) Copyright (C) 2002-10 by Bruce Allen, http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net Device: SEAGATE ST3500620SS Version: MS05 Serial number: Device type: disk Transport protocol: SAS Local Time is: Mon Oct 14 20:37:26 2013 CEST Device supports SMART and is Enabled Temperature Warning Disabled or Not Supported SMART Health Status: OK Current Drive Temperature: 19 C Drive Trip Temperature: 68 C Elements in grown defect list: 0 Vendor (Seagate) cache information Blocks sent to initiator = 288745640 Blocks received from initiator = 1097848399 Blocks read from cache and sent to initiator = 1304149705 Number of read and write commands whose size <= segment size = 527414694 Number of read and write commands whose size > segment size = 51986460 Vendor (Seagate/Hitachi) factory information number of hours powered up = 36596.83 number of minutes until next internal SMART test = 28 Error counter log: Errors Corrected by Total Correction Gigabytes Total ECC rereads/ errors algorithm processed uncorrected fast | delayed rewrites corrected invocations [10^9 bytes] errors read: 610862490 44 0 610862534 610862534 20470.133 0 write: 0 0 0 0 0 5022.480 0 verify: 2861227413 203 0 2861227616 2861227616 100872.443 0 Non-medium error count: 1 SMART Self-test log Num Test Status segment LifeTime LBA_first_err [SK ASC ASQ] Description number (hours) # 1 Background short Completed 16 36580 - [- - -] # 2 Background short Completed 16 36556 - [- - -] # 3 Background short Completed 16 36532 - [- - -] # 4 Background short Completed 16 36508 - [- - -] # 5 Background short Completed 16 36484 - [- - -] # 6 Background long Completed 16 36462 - [- - -] # 7 Background short Completed 16 36436 - [- - -] # 8 Background short Completed 16 36412 - [- - -] # 9 Background long Completed 16 36404 - [- - -] #10 Background short Completed 16 36401 - [- - -] #11 Background long Completed 16 2 - [- - -] #12 Background short Completed 16 0 - [- - -] Long (extended) Self Test duration: 6798 seconds [113.3 minutes]

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• Sysadmin 101: How can I figure out why my server crashes and monitor performance?

  - by bflora

  I have a Drupal-powered site that seems to have neverending performance problems. It was butt-slow about 5 months ago. I brought in some guys who installed nginx for anonymous visitors, ajaxified a few queries so they wouldn't fire during page load, and helped me find a few bottlenecks in the code. For about a month, the site was significantly faster, though not "fast" by any stretch of the word. Meanwhile, I'm now shelling out $400/month to Slicehost to host a site that gets less than 5,000/uniques a day. Yes, you read that right. Go Drupal. Recently the site started crashing again and is slow again. I can't afford to hire people to come in, study my code from top to bottom, and make changes that may or may not help anymore. And I can't afford to throw more hardware at the problem. So I need to figure out what the problem is myself. Questions: When apache crashes, is it possible to find out what caused it to crash? There has to be a way, right? If so, how can I do this? Is there software I can use that will tell me which process caused my server to die? (e.g. "Apache crashed because someone visited page X." or "Apache crashed because you were importing too many RSS items from feed X.") There's got to be a way to learn this, right? What's a good, noob-friendly way to monitor my current apache performance? My developer friends tell me to "just use Top, dude," but Top shows me a bunch of numbers without any context. I have no clue what qualifies as a bad number or a good number in Top, or which processes are relevant and which aren't. Are there any noob-friendly server monitoring tools out there? Ideally, I could have a page that would give me a color-coded indicator about how apache is performing and then show me a list of processes or pages that are sucking right now. This way, I could know when performance is bad and then what's causing it to be so bad. Why does PHP memory matter? My apparently has a 30MB memory foot print. Will it run faster if I bring that number down? Thanks for any advice. I spent a year or so trying to boost my advertising income so I could hire a contractor to solve my performance woes. I didn't want to have to learn all this sysadmin voodoo. I'm now resigned to the fact that might not have a choice.

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• How OS manage running programs

  - by Vit

  Hi, since windows is multitasking OS, it must somehow switch between processes. But how is it done? Does windows include some kind of breakpoints into running programs, which should switch to other process? Becouse when program is executed, it takes control of CPU. So to enable multitasking OS must include some break instruction into the program. Am I right?

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• What exactly is the difference between update-manager -d and normal apt-get?

  - by jldugger

  The official recommendation of Ubuntu is to use sudo do-release-upgrade to do an online upgrade from one version to the next. Historically many of my Debianite friends and myself have simply altered apt's sources.list and run apt-get dist-upgrade. I follow Ubuntu's recommendations, but I've always wondered what the magic difference between these two processes is. What, exactly, does do-release-upgrade do, on say an upgrade from 9.04 to 9.10? (Examples from other releases welcome.)

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• How is a VM isolated from the physical host?

  - by dotnetdev

  Hi, I was thinking about virtualisation and how to explain it to a non-technical person and one of the things that I was wondering was how to explain the way that a VM is isolated and seperate from the phyiscal machine (so I can have a virus on a VM but this would never effect my physical host, right?). How does this technology work exactly? As I am a programmer, when I think of isolating processes, I think of using appdomains (I work with C# primarily). Thanks

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• In linux, what would happen to a running program when it's executable file has been modified, or del

  - by Cheng

  Let's say /usr/local/bin/ruby is running in the background, and then we overwrite ruby with a different version, or even delete ruby. What will happen to those running ruby processes?

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• Apache heavy load VIRT vs RES memory

  - by pako

  I have a Debian 5 server, which gets a lot of traffic. Right now the server has 4 GB of RAM and no swap memory. I see in top that Apache processes consume roughly 180 MB virtual memory (VIRT) each, and 16 MB of real RAM (RES). So how many Apache threads can I have running at the same time? About 4 GB / 180 MB = 22 or 4 GB / 16 MB = 256?

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