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  • generalizing the pumping lemma for UNIX-style regular expressions

    - by Avi
    Most UNIX regular expressions have, besides the usual *,+,? operators a backslash operator where \1,\2,... match whatever's in the last parentheses, so for example L=(a)b\1* matches the (non regular) language a^n b a^n On one hand, this seems to be pretty powerful since you can create (a*)b\1b\1 to match the language a^n b a^n b a^n which can't even be recognized by a stack automaton. On the other hand, I'm pretty sure a^n b^n cannot be expressed this way. Two questions: 1. Is there any literature on this family of languages (UNIX-y regular). In particular, is there a version of the pumping lemma for these? 2. Can someone prove (or perhaps disprove) that a^n b^n cannot be expressed this way? Thanks

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  • Hidden Features of HTML

    - by Binoj Antony
    HTML being the most widely used language (at least as a markup language) has not gotten its due credit. Considering that it has been around for so many years, things like the FORM / INPUT controls have still remained same with no new controls added. So at least from the existing features, do you know any that are not well known but very useful. Of course, this question is along the lines of: Hidden Features of JavaScript Hidden Features of CSS Hidden Features of C# Hidden Features of VB.NET Hidden Features of Java Hidden Features of ASP.NET Hidden Features of Python Hidden Features of TextPad Hidden Features of Eclipse Do not mention features of HTML 5.0, since it is in working draft Please specify one feature per answer.

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  • Doubts in ada language

    - by maddy
    HI all, I am a beginner in the ada language.I have an short piece of code.Can anyone please tel me what does it mean? type Myarr_Type is array (Character) of Character; Myarr : Myarr_Type; C1 : character := character'first; C2 : character := character'last; My question is 1)What does C1 and C2 contain according to the above code? Please do excuse if this is really silly.I dont have an ada compiler to check the contents of this variable Regards Maddy

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  • learning programing language concepts

    - by user309322
    As a student teacher i am very interested in how effective "mini languages" such as Scratch, Logo, Alice and Lego mindstorms are in teaching the pupil the core concepts of programing such as variables, fuctions and loops. Is one "mini language" better than another for teaching these basic core concepts ?

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  • Quick top level server language question.

    - by Shane
    Right, so if you have to decide on a server-side language for a distributed Linux-based server backend, would you choose: PHP Mono ASP.net Java As a C++ programmer, I'm thinking Java+Tomcat, but I'd love to hear experienced thoughts here, especially relating to debugging and IDE (likely Eclipse). Also, please, it's not a flame question. I'm seeing excellent sites written in all, I'm just thinking about the compile/debug/release cycle. Cheers, Shane

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  • Coding in Other (Spoken) Languages

    - by contagious
    Something i've always wondered, and I can't find any mention of it anywhere online. When a shop from, say Japan, writes code, would I be able to read it in english? Or do languages, like C, php, anything, have Japanese translations that they write? I guess what i'm asking is does every single coder in the world know enough english to use the exact same reserved words I do? Would this code: If (i < size){ switch case 1: print "hi there" default: print "no, thank you" } else { print "yes, thank you" } display the exact same as I'm seeing it right now in english, or would some other non-english-speaking person see the words "if", "switch", "case", "default", "print", and "else" in their native language? EDIT - yes, this is serious. I didn't know if different localiztions of a language have different keywords. or if there are even different localizations at all.

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  • Complementary language to learn after Python?

    - by BobDobbs
    As a reasonable proficient Python programmer, I'm wondering what a good second language to learn would be. More specifically, something that does well the things that Python doesn't in general do as well. My first guess would be C/C++ since it's got easy extensibility with Python and because it offers generally better performance, but I'm wondering if Java or C# might be a better or at least equivalently good option with different up/downsides compared to C/C++.

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  • Subroutine & GoTo design

    - by sub
    I have a strange question concerning subroutines: As I'm creating a minimal language and I don't want to add high-level loops like while or for I was planning on just adding gotos to keep it Turing-Complete. Now I thought, eww - gotos - I wouldn't want to program in that language if I had to use gotos so often. So I thought about adding subroutines instead. I see the difference as the following: gotos Go to (captain obvious) a previously defined point and continue executing the program from there. Leads to hardly understandable and buggy code, I think that's a fact. subroutines Similiar: You define their starting point somewhere, as you call them the program jumps there - but the subroutine can go back to the point it was called from with return. Okay. Why didn't I just add the more function-like, nice looking subroutines? Because: In order to make return work if I call subroutines from within subroutines from within other subroutines, I'd have to use a stack containing the point where the currently running subroutine came from at top. That would then mean that I would, if I create loops using the subroutines, end up with an extremely memory-eating, overflowing stack with return locations. Not good. Don't think of my subroutines as functions. They are just gotos that return to the point they were called from, they don't actually give back values like the return x; statement in nearly all today's languages. Now to my actual questions: How can I solve the above problem with the stack overflow on loops with subroutines? Do I have to add a separate goto language construct without the return option? Assembler doesn't have loops but as I have seen myJumpPoint:, jnz, jz, retn. That means to me that there must also be a stack containing all the return locations. Am I right with that? What about long running loops then? Don't they overflow the stack/eat memory then? Am I getting the retn symbol in assembler totally wrong? If yes, please explain it to me.

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  • primitives of a programming language

    - by Tim
    Hi, Which do the concepts control flow, data type, statement, expression and operation belong to? Syntax or semantics? What is the relation between control flow, data type, statement, expression, operation, function, ...? How a program is built from these primitives level by level? I would like to understand these primitive concepts and their relations in order to figure out what aspects of a new language should one learn. Thanks and regards!

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  • how/resources to compile a procedural language into [sql]

    - by Philip
    I am looking into the possibility/feasibility/resources for building a cross compiler which takes a procedural or Object Oriented language like C, or Java and compiling it into SQL. I understand that the advantage of SQL code is performing set operations which is fundamentally different from procedural languages which generally process 1 at a time. If anyone has done this before, or if it is thought of as too complicated to do or any other ideas/concerns/suggestions would be greatly appreciated. Thanks in advance Philip

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  • Managing multiple .NET languages in a web application

    - by tomfanning
    I am part of a development team building a new ASP.NET 3.5 web application. Two of us are C# coders, and the other is a VB.NET coder. I know that we can mix languages on a per-project basis, and one can build classes in one language that inherit from classes written in the other language in a different project (which we are already doing), but I can see us getting into a situation where we might well end up with cyclic dependencies between our various project DLLs. Other than simply having a high number of projects (more seperation of concerns into more libraries), how have you managed this situation on your own projects? Note - I believe this question to be different enough from the only similar match I could find (this one) on the basis that we are not wanting to use different languages in order to take advantage of their specific features per se, but rather to make use of what developer resource is available to us (i.e. one dev just happens to be VB.NET only).

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  • How to choose programming language for projects?

    - by bdhar
    This is a question I constantly encounter when I attend any technical forums / discussions / interviews. There is a similar article but it focuses on business merits as well. What I am looking for is a guide (not a checklist like this one which is abstract and not so accurate) which helps an architect to choose the programming language to implement a requirement. Is there a book or article available for the same purpose?

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  • What Language is This?

    - by bobber205
    Going through some example code sent to me and honestly, I have no idea what language this is def uniqify(arr): b = {} for i in arr: b[i] = 1 return b.keys() Is it Python? I am also curious what keys() does. It's obvious it returns an array but what does it do the array that calls the function? :P

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