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• Handling the Outlook 2007 AutoArchive PST file

  - by Doug Luxem

  We encourage our users to enable AutoArchive in Outlook 2007 as a way to manage their mailbox sizes. However, we frequently end up running in to problems with the archive.pst file that is generated. The two main problems we have are: The archive.pst file is located in the user's local profile directory and is never backed up. A dead hard drive or stolen laptop could result in months or years of missing email. All other personal data is stored on network shares, but we can't do that for Outlook PST files. Without some sort of manual intervention, the archive will grow to enormous sizes. Although Outlook 2007 SP2 handles the large files better than before, it still results in slow response times from Outlook and an increase likelihood of a corrupt PST file. To mitigate these problems personally, I move the archives to a c:\Outlook folder and manually back that up to a shared drive every month or so. Additionally, I rotate archive files every year so that I have one file for each year (archive2008.pst, etc). Obviously, asking our users to do this same wouldn't help much. We need some sort of automated solution to take care of points 1 and 2. I have to imagine this is a common problem for Exchange organizations, so what is the best method to handle this?

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• What is causing sudden freezing during running real-time program?

  - by Trevor Boyd Smith

  So I run a high intensive (CPU/GPU) real-time program. During normal execution suddenly everything freezes for 1-4 seconds. I opened "Process Explorer" in the background to help gain insight and maybe identify something. Here is what the CPU/GPU graphs looks like when I align them in time: Notice the 4 distinct drops in both the CPU/GPU. You can see that it goes from some sort of positive CPU/GPU usage to almost zero. These drops in the graph align with when the real-time program suddenly freezes. How do I find what is causing these sudden drops? NOTE: When you put your mouse over the graph it tells you the time, accurate to the second, for where your cursor is. Maybe this mouse over feature could be helpful in some way (e.g. what if you had a log of all processes every 100ms). EDIT: The real-time program is a video game and so I can't watch some sort of instrumentation while the video game is running. I need a solution that let's you look back in time somehow to see what was happening when the slow down occurred. EDIT: RE - Recording Data vs using real-time monitor: So the windows performance recorder is for some reason not recording what I expect it to record. So I switched to using "perfmon" and then opening it's "resource monitor". RE - Setting it up so I can view real-time monitor: In the video game I set it to spectate and then put the video game in "windowed" mode so that I can view the real time display that Resource Monitor has. Now that I can get semi-real time (only once per second... how do you get more than once per second?) I started looking at the various real time data readouts. Getting to the cause: I noticed a strong correlation in high disk IO and low CPU usage (which is also seen by having in-game freezing). How do you use resource monitor to find out who is doing all this offending disk IO?

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• Checking partition alignment with PowerCLI

  - by Julian

  I'm trying to verify that the file system partitions within each of the servers I'm working on are aligned correctly. I've got the following script that when I've tried running will either claim that all virtual servers are aligned or not aligned based on which if statement I use (one is commented out): $myArr = @() $vms = get-vm | where {$_.PowerState -eq "PoweredOn" -and $_.Guest.OSFullName -match "Microsoft Windows*" } | sort name foreach($vm in $vms){ $wmi = get-wmiobject -class "win32_DiskPartition" -namespace "root\CIMV2" -ComputerName $vm foreach ($partition in $wmi){ $Details = "" | Select-Object VMName, Partition, Status #if (($partition.startingoffset % 65536) -isnot [decimal]){ if ($partition.startingoffSet -eq "65536"){ $Details.VMName = $partition.SystemName $Details.Partition = $partition.Name $Details.Status = "Partition aligned" } else{ $Details.VMName = $partition.SystemName $Details.Partition = $partition.Name $Details.Status = "Partition not aligned" } $myArr += $Details } } $myArr | Export-CSV -NoTypeInformation "C:\users\myself\Documents\Scripts\PartitionAlignment.csv" Would anyone know what is wrong with my code? I'm still learning about partitions so I'm not sure how I need to check the starting off-set number to verify alignment. EDIT: $myArr = @() $vms = get-vm | where {$_.PowerState -eq "PoweredOn" -and $_.Guest.OSFullName -match "Microsoft Windows*" } | sort name $wmi = get-wmiobject -class "win32_DiskPartition" -namespace "root\CIMV2" -ComputerName $vm #foreach ($_ In Get-WMIObject Win32_DiskPartition | Select Name, BlockSize, NumberOfBlocks, StartingOffSet, @{n='Alignment'; e={$_.StartingOffSet/$_.BlockSize}}) {$_} foreach ($wmi| Select Name, BlockSize, NumberOfBlocks, StartingOffSet, @{n='Alignment'; e={$_.StartingOffSet/$_.BlockSize}}) {$_}

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• Tools for displaying a multidimensional data table?

  - by ShreevatsaR

  [Apologies if this sort of question is off-topic for SuperUser. Please redirect to the right place if so.] There is a 3-dimensional array of values. (That is, instead of a table/2-dimensional array with values in a grid, the values can be thought of in a cube instead.) Is there a way to display this "cube" interactively, ideally on a webpage? Specifically, given the data, it would work something like this: the user selects two of the 3 variables. He then sees a "stack" of tables, one for each value of the third variable (cross-sections, in other words). By selecting the appropriate table from the stack, he can see the (i,j,k) value he wants. The "technology" for displaying such a thing (stacked tables, rotation, etc.) already exists, so this seems the sort of thing that someone ought to have written already. To be clear: I don't need sophisticated graphics necessarily, just the ability to select from cross-sections of variables. But I have no experience with (say, for displaying on a webpage) what web gadgets exist, so I'm clueless how to even search for one. (Google searches like "multidimensional data visualization" didn't throw up anything useful. Google Spreadsheets can do a few kinds of charts which can be embedded on a webpage, but I cannot tell if this is one of them.) [I can imagine how it ought to work for higher dimensions. For four-dimensions, instead of selecting just a stack, you'd first select an (i,j) from an "outer table", which would show all (k,l) values for that (i,j). For higher dimensions, inductively: you select (i,j), and then repeat what you'd do with 2 fewer dimensions.] So has this been written? Is this easy to write? Where ought one to look for such a thing?

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• Multidimensional data table?

  - by ShreevatsaR

  [Apologies if this sort of question is off-topic for SuperUser. Please redirect to the right place if so.] There is a 3-dimensional array of values. (That is, instead of a table/2-dimensional array with values in a grid, the values can be thought of in a cube instead.) Is there a way to display this "cube" interactively, ideally on a webpage? Specifically, given the data, it would work something like this: the user selects two of the 3 variables. He then sees a "stack" of tables, one for each value of the third variable (cross-sections, in other words). By selecting the appropriate table from the stack, he can see the (i,j,k) value he wants. The "technology" for displaying such a thing (stacked tables, rotation, etc.) already exists, so this seems the sort of thing that someone ought to have written already. To be clear: I don't need sophisticated graphics necessarily, just the ability to select from cross-sections of variables. But I have no experience with (say, for displaying on a webpage) what web gadgets exist, so I'm clueless how to even search for one. (Google searches like "multidimensional data visualization" didn't throw up anything useful. Google Spreadsheets can do a few kinds of charts which can be embedded on a webpage, but I cannot tell if this is one of them.) [I can imagine how it ought to work for higher dimensions. For four-dimensions, instead of selecting just a stack, you'd first select an (i,j) from an "outer table", which would show all (k,l) values for that (i,j). For higher dimensions, inductively: you select (i,j), and then repeat what you'd do with 2 fewer dimensions.] So has this been written? Is this easy to write? Where ought one to look for such a thing?

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• How Do I Stop NFS Clients from Using All of the NFS Server's Resources?

  - by Ken S.

  I have a v4 NFS server running on Ubuntu 12.04LTS. It is the main repository for the web assets that four external nginx webservers mount to serve up to site visitors. These client servers connect to it via a read-only mount. Each of these RO servers has this displayed when I check the mounts: 10.0.0.90:/assets on /var/www/assets type nfs4 (ro,addr=10.0.0.90,clientaddr=0.0.0.0) The NFS master's /etc/exports file contains entries like this for each server: /mnt/lvm-ext4 10.0.0.40(ro,fsid=0,insecure,no_subtree_check,async) The problem that I'm seeing is that these clients are eventually utilizing all the RAM on the NFS server and causing it to crash. If I do a watch free -m I can watch the used memory creep up until it's used and then see the free buffers/cache entry creep down to near zero before the server eventually locks up requiring a reboot. There is some sort of memory leak somewhere that is causing this, and the optimal solution would be to find it and fix it, but in the meantime I need to find a way to have the NFS server protect itself from connected clients using all it's RAM. There must be some sort of setting that limits the resources the clients can use, but I can't seem to find it. I've tried adjusting the values for rsize and wsize but they don't seem to help or be related. Thanks for any tips.

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• 802.11g -> wired ethernet bridging not working

  - by Malachi

  Usually people want to go the other direction, but I want to take our relatively fast and stable house 802.11g signal and bridge it to ethernet. I have tried using an Airport Express (the b/g flavor) and my i7 MacBook pro, both to no avail. Word is that the b/g flavor of This flavor of Airport Express maxes at firmware 6.3 which doesn't support this kind of bridging properly. However, I expected my MacBook pro to do the job with its "Internet Sharing" feature. Alas, although my wired PC does sort of see it, it doesn't work out. Strangely, using DHCP the PC receives the same IP address as my MBP uses on the network. Less strangely, but still surprisingly, the wired ethernet port on my mac registers as the IP address of the gateway when queried with IFCONFIG. It sort of makes sense that the mac would "pretend" to be the gateway, but the whole thing just isn't working and seems configured wrong - but all the docs I see say basically "OS X Internet Sharing: click it and go". What do I do? Do i really have to buy more hardware, even though I have plenty of would-be candidates for bridging? Incidentally, the host router originating the 802.11g signal is a belkin 802.11g router, and is documented to support WDS.

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• Photo managing software that supports network drives?

  - by musicfreak

  My dad is a photographer in his free time, and he's been using Lightroom to manage his photos. However, recently, we put all of our photos on a NAS drive to allow us to access them from any computer at any time. The problem with this is that Lightroom cannot load catalogs from network drives. We need support for network drives because we'd like to be able to browse the photos from any computer, and for any computer to be able to add photos to the collection. Right now we're just syncing the Lightroom catalog file between us, but the extra step is a pain, and doing it manually makes it error-prone. Is there any software (free or commercial) that has proper support for network drives? The only real feature I need is to be able to sort photos by date and by some sort of tags. I don't need any editing features like those found in Lightroom; my dad is comfortable using Photoshop to edit photos. Also, if there is another solution to this that I haven't thought of, feel free to share.

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• Generic/Text Printer on Windows 7 not prompting for file name

  - by Trevor Tippins

  Hope someone can shed some light on this. I am downloading reports from an AIX-based system by directing them to a TT printer which the terminal emulator (MultiView 2000) intercepts and directs to the default printer on the local system. This local printer is configured as a vanilla Generic/Text printer attached to a FILE port. When I print from AIX, the output is spooled down and the local printer prompts for a file name into which to save the file...but not under Windows 7. This has worked fine for many years, on both Win2K and WinXP. However, on Windows 7 the output gets spooled as a file into spool\PRINTERS (and looks as expected) but the print job then hangs with a status of "Error - Printing" and never prompts for a file name. I have to cancel the job. The Generic/Text printer works as expected with other applications. I have tried setting the printer to print directly rather than spooling but this only serves to hang the terminal session too. I've also tried to run the emulator in Windows 2000 Compatibility Mode and as Administrator in case it was something like that but with no luck. As you might expect, it does work fine in XP Mode (as long as I print to a printer defined therein and not the host's printer) but operationally this isn't going to be an option. Obviously this emulation software is a decade old (at least) and I could just cross/upgrade all the users (at a cost) but, before I do so, has anyone seen this sort of behaviour before and found some sort of fix? Remote OS: AIX 5 Client OS: Windows 7 Pro (32-bit) Printer: Generic/Text on a FILE port TE Software: MultiView 2000 (32-bit) Thanks in advance.

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• Give Access to a Subdirectory Without Giving Access to Parent Directories

  - by allquixotic

  I have a scenario involving a Windows file server where the "owner" wants to dole out permissions to a group of users of the following sort: \\server\dir1\dir2\dir3: Read & Execute and Write \\server\dir1\dir2: No permissions. \\server\dir1: No permissions. \\server: Read & Execute To my understanding, it is not possible to do this because Read & Execute permission must be granted to all the parent directories in a directory chain in order for the operating system to be able to "see" the child directories and get to them. Without this permission, you can't even obtain the security context token when trying to access the nested directory, even if you have full access to the subdirectory. We are looking for ways to get around this, without moving the data from \\server\dir1\dir2\dir3 to \\server\dir4. One workaround I thought of, but which I am not sure if it will work, is creating some sort of link or junction \\server\dir4 which is a reference to \\server\dir1\dir2\dir3. I am not sure which of the available options (if any) would work for this purpose if the user does not have Read & Execute permission on \\server\dir1\dir2 or \\server\dir1, but as far as I know, the options are these: NTFS Symbolic Link, Junction, Hard Link. So the questions: Are any of these methods suitable to accomplish my goal? Are there any other methods of linking or indirectly referencing a directory, which I haven't listed above, which might be suitable? Are there any direct solutions that don't involve granting Read & Execute to \\server\dir1 or \\server\dir2 but still allowing access to \\server\dir1\dir2\dir3?

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• Performance experiences for running Windows 7 on a Thin-Client?

  - by Peter Bernier

  Has anyone else tried installing Windows 7 on thin-client hardware? I'd be very interested to hear about other people's experiences and what sort of hardware tweaks they had to do to get it to work. (Yes, I realize this is completely unsupported.. half the fun of playing with machines and beta/RC versions is trying out unsupported scenarios. :) ) I managed to get Windows 7 installed on a modified Wyse 9450 Thin-Client and while the performance isn't great, it is usable, particularly as an RDP workstation. Before installing 7, I added another 256Mb of ram (512 total), a 60G laptop hard-drive and a PCI videocard to the 9450 (this was in order to increase the supported screen resolution). I basically did this in order to see whether or not it was possible to get 7 installed on such minimal hardware, and see what the performance would be. For a 550Mhz processor, I was reasonably impressed. I've been using the machine for RDP for the last couple of days and it actually seems slightly snappier than the default Windows XP embedded install (although this is more likely the result of the extra hardware). I'll be running some more tests later on as I'm curious to see particularl whether the streaming video performance will improve. I'd love to hear about anyone's experiences getting 7 to work on extremely low-powered hardware. Particularly any sort of tweaks that you've discovered in order to increase performance..

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• From a performance standpoint, is there a preferred way to set up Thunderbird message filters?

  - by Steve V.

  When I used Kontact, I used filters heavily to sort my incoming email into various folders. Since switching to Thunderbird, I've been slowly recreating these filters as new mail arrives. This seems like the perfect time to rethink how I use message filters. The way I see it, there are two basic ways to filter messages. Either I can have lots of filters, or I can have lots of criteria. An example is in order. Assume that I get emails from four people (Boss, CEO, Intern, and StackOverflow) that I want to sort into two folders, "Stack" and "Work" Option A: Filter 1: if FROM contains "Boss" -> move to "Work" Filter 2: if FROM contains "CEO" -> move to "Work" Filter 3: if FROM contains "Intern" -> move to "Work" Filter 4: if FROM contains "StackOverflow" -> move to "Stack" Option B: Filter 1: if FROM contains "Boss" OR FROM contains "CEO" OR FROM contains "Intern" -> move to "Work" Filter 2: if FROM contains "StackOverflow" -> move to "Stack" Assuming that when I'm done, I'll have about a hundred different criteria to filter on, is one of these methods better than the other from a performance standpoint?

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• Steps to debugging web site latency and timeout issues

  - by Paperjam

  I have a client who has multiple offices around the country, all of which share the same Internet connection via their WAN. One specific office for this client is experiencing severe latency and timeout issues with my web site. Most, but not all, of the latency occurs on a specific ASPX page where multiple postbacks are made while populating cascading dropdown lists (rapid form submits). The latency is sporadic and can be anywhere from a few seconds to a full timeout. There is no indication that the timeouts are occurring on the server's end. The IT guy for this client is having trouble narrowing down the problem. Since it is affecting only one location for one client, I am led to believe it is not something with my site but something specific to that location. He's measured ping times while using the site and has noticed no real variance in ping times even when the page has timed out. I believe this may be being caused by some sort of Internet filter that doesn't like rapid form submits, but beyond a hunch I haven't a clue. My question is what things should I tell the IT guy to look for? While I'm not trying to provide active tech support for this issue, I would at least like to glean an understanding of what is going on and try to offer some sort of advice. Thank you.

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• Data recovery; nearly 1 tb of movies on a WD 3.5 tb personal cloud drive disappears with scanty traces

  - by Effector Dhanushanth

  I have a great collection of movies that I had stored in a logical mesh of folder on my 3.5 tb WD personal cloud drive. I woke up 1 morning and found that everything was fine with my data on this drive, except for my movie collection: There were two great folders, one "2sort" nd the other "segregated". out of all the segregated sub folders, only letter C D and 2 or 3 others remain. and the 2 sort folder, which has umpteen subfolders, amounting to more than 0.5 tb. is.. it's just gone!! this is a great downfall.. now this is a personal cloud drive and has no usb port etc. unfortunately to hardwire and recover files.. now I'm sure there are softwares out there that can help me recover my beloved movies from such an interestingly "hard-to-reach" (should I say?) device? what may that software be compadre, my happiness lies within your answer.. thank you.. remember, recovery software or (WD) personal cloud. :) these ovies were All, "hand-picked", over the course of ten years.. I just never catalogued my collection.. if I could just get the "list" of my lost collection, that'd be enough.. recovering em would be a bonus.. but they out to be damaged if I were to somehow recover you know? still, I'm certain they're all intact.. I guess the file index just got corrupted.. There surely is a veil of some sort that need to be thrown or pushed aside to reveal my movies.. what software can do/does that? thanks immensely!

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• Enterprise Redirection Services?

  - by Aaron Alton

  This is probably a case of "if I new what it was called, I could google it in 5 minutes" - but I don't know what it's called. It's probably best to explain the requirement using an example. We have a number of services (vpn, owa, etc) which we host from one of our datacenters. We have a number of datacenters, and we technically have the infrastructure already in place to support these services at a number of our datacenters. To provide access to these "services", I would create an external DNS entry (ex. VPN.MyCompany.com Gateway IP for one of my DCs), and clients will connect to it via the DNS entry. Since I have multiple datacenters that can support this service, I could theoretically offer a "highly available, geographically dispersed" solution if I could point this DNS entry to some sort of third party who offers highly available "redirection" services. If my primary site goes down, I could just make a change via some management console and configure the redirector to point to a different DC. Of course, it would be fairly straightforward to set this sort of thing up on one of our servers, but that would kinda defeat the purpose of a highly available third party. Is anyone familiar with a service like this? I'm thinking something like DynDNS, but with Enterprise availability guarantees.

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• Mac always boots with incorrect display gamma (for years now including Lion)

  - by Alex Wayne

  I think somewhere, something got installed but I have no idea what or how to fix it :( Basically, my old MacBook Pro running 10.5 Leopard had a problem where on boot it would show everything on the screen in a very sort of crunched color space. Everything below 15% white would just be pure black, everything above 85% white would be pure white and all colors look to be a touch more saturated. It's garish. To fix it, I found that I could boot into almost any fullscreen 3D game. When the game launches, the colors would still be off, but when I then quite the game and return the desktop everything is normal again. I've noticed Blizzard games work most reliably for this (World of Warcraft or Starcraft2). This problem has followed me through the years. When I upgraded to an iMac I migrated everything over to it, and the issue now happens on the iMac too. I then got a new MacBook Pro for work and migrated my iMac over to that, and it has the problem too. I had thought that it was an OS bug, but upgrading to 10.6 Snow Leopard didn't fix it and neither did 10.7 Lion. Furthermore I can't find any reference on any forum or help site where anyone else has this problem. If anyone has any idea what processes or settings or apps I should look at to figure out why this is happening I should would appreciate it! It looks sort of irresponsible when I open my laptop in the office to work and then boot up Starcraft 2 full screen...

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• How should an experienced Windows SysAdmin learn Linux? [closed]

  - by Systemspoet

  I have a new hire starting in a few weeks who is an experienced Windows SysAdmin. I think he's fairly senior on the Windows side, with a pretty deep AD understanding and experience with Exchange 2007, 2010, and exchange migrations. He's done a little PowerShell but I suspect more of the "run this command to do this" variety then "write a script to do this" sort. However, we are a mixed shop and (he knows this) I expect him to become a reasonably competent Linux SysAdmin over time. I'm looking for good starting points to bring him along. I have over ten years of Linux/UNIX experience, so it all sort of seems intuitive to me, but I've been thinking about the toolkit you actually need to be productive in the Linux CLI world. Just to be able to use the machines at all, off the top of my head... vi Basic CLI stuff -- move around, rename files, copy files, tar, gzip, changing passwords, finding relevant manpages, keep track of where you are, find things in your history, etc, etc. More advanced things that I take for granted but are actually pretty hard -- doing things with 'find', extracting relevant text via 'awk' and/or 'cut', knowing when to use 'grep' and when to use 'grep -e' or 'egrep'. Distribution specific stuff... compiling software, rpm, yum, apt-get, you name it. This all seems pretty basic to me, but when I think back to 1995 when I was first learning my way, some of those things took me years to master. So my question is -- where should I send him to pick up those skills? I'm not just thinking of classes, but rather also websites and books? Where do you all suggest as a starting point for picking up Linux skills?

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• Urgent: how to deny read access to a ExecCGI directory

  - by Malvolio

  First, I can't believe that that isn't the default behavior. Second, yikes! I don't know how long my code's been hanging out there, with all sort of cool secret stuff, just waiting for some hacker who knows Apache better than I do. EDIT (and apology) Well, this is sort of embarrassing. Here's what happened: We had some Python scripts available to the web, at /aux/file.py, which were not surprisingly at /var/www/http/aux . Separately, we were running an app server and Apache proxies through at /servlets/. A contractor had constructed the WAR file by bundling up all the generated files including the Python files (which are in a directory also called aux, not surprisingly), so if you typed in /servlets/aux/file.py, the web-server would ask the app-server for it and the app-server would just supply the file. It was the latter URL that this morning I happened to type in by accident and lo, the source appeared. Until I realized the shear unlikelihood of what I had done, the situation was rating about 8.3 on the sphincter scale. After a tense half-hour or so I realized that it had nothing to do with the CGI (and that serving files that were also executable would be not only foolish but also impossible), and was able to address the real problems. So -- sorry, everybody. Let the scorn-fest commence.

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• ZFS & Deduplicating FLAC Data

  - by jasongullickson

  I'm experimenting with using ZFS to deduplicate a large library of FLAC files. The purpose of this is twofold: Reduce storage utilization Reduce bandwidth needed to sync the library with cloud storage Many of these files are of the same music tracks but from different physical media. This means that for the most part they are the same and usually close to the same size, which makes me think that they should benefit from block-level deduplication. However in my testing I'm not seeing good results. When I create a pool and add three of these tracks (identical songs from different source media) zpool list reports 1.00 dedupe. If I copy all of the files (make exact duplicates of the three) dedupe climbs, so I know that it is enabled and functioning, but it's not finding any duplication in the original collection of files. My first thought was that perhaps some of the variable header data (metadata tags, etc.) might be mis-aligning the bulk of the data in these files (the audio frames) but even making the header data consistent across the three files doesn't seem to have any impact on deduplication. I'm considering taking alternate routes (testing other dedupe filesystems as well as some custom code) but since we're already using ZFS and I like the ZFS replication options, I'd prefer to use ZFS dedupe for this project; but perhaps it's simply not capable of working well with this sort of data. Any feedback regarding tuning that might improve dedupe performance for this sort of dataset, or confirmation that ZFS dedupe is not the right tool for this job are appreciated.

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• Identifying test machines in analytics logs

  - by RTigger

  We're just beginning to add analytics to our SaaS application, to begin (among other things) billing clients based on usage. The problem we're running into is there's a few circumstances where our support team will simulate a log in into production to try to reproduce reported issues with a client's configuration. When they log in, an entry will be made into our analytics logs that their specific account has logged in, which we use to calculate billing. A few ideas we had to solve this: 1) We log IP addresses as well as machine keys for each PC that logs in - we could filter out known IP addresses and/or machine keys belonging to support. The drawback is we have to maintain a list of keys / addresses manually. 2) If support (or anyone else internal) runs our application in debug mode (as opposed to release), it will not report analytics. This is fine, as long as support / anyone else remembers to switch to debug mode. 3) Include some sort of reg key / similar setting required to be set when configuring a production system in order to send analytics. Again, fine, as long as our infrastructure team remembers to set the reg key or setting. All of these approaches require some sort of human involvement, which we all know can be iffy at best. Has anyone run into a similar situation? Is there an automated approach to this problem? (PS Of course, we shouldn't be testing in production, but there are a few one-off instances with customer set up that we can't reproduce without logging in as them in production. This is the only time we do so, and this is the case I'm talking about in this question.)

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• where is my disk space?

  - by user166241

  I recently had a problem with .xsession-errors file - it became very big ( 90GB) and took all disk space: How I can check what takes disk space in /tmp?. I cleaned it with command > .xsession-errors but after an hour it became large again. So I deleted it (rm .xsession-errors) - it helped because it wasn't recreated but again after hour disk space disappeared - now there is no .xsession-errors anymore but I don't know where is the memory: df Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/sda1 106640456 101223392 4 100% / udev 8166744 8 8166736 1% /dev tmpfs 3270224 972 3269252 1% /run none 5120 0 5120 0% /run/lock none 8175552 152 8175400 1% /run/shm du -sc * .[^.]* | sort -n 0 initrd.img 0 initrd.img.old 0 proc 0 sys 0 vmlinuz 0 vmlinuz.old 4 cdrom 4 lib64 4 media 4 mnt 4 selinux 8 dev 12 srv 16 lost+found 68 tmp 1124 run 3396 lib32 5164 .rpmdb 5540 root 8888 sbin 9120 bin 17132 etc 106080 opt 116956 boot 861908 lib 3530584 usr 3821836 var 13371260 home 21859112 total So there is around 100GB used but executing du -sc * .[^.]* | sort -n in root directory finds only ~21 GB - so what takes 80GB?? How to check it? I suspect that when I deleted the `.xsession-errors' file the errors were redirected somwhere else - but where?

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• Vim: How to join multiples lines based on a pattern?

  - by ryz

  I want to join multiple lines in a file based on a pattern that both lines share. This is my example: {101}{}{Apples} {102}{}{Eggs} {103}{}{Beans} {104}... ... {1101}{}{This is a fruit.} {1102}{}{These things are oval.} {1103}{}{You have to roast them.} {1104}... ... I want to join the lines {101}{}{Apples} and {1101}{}{This is a fruit.} to one line {101}{}{Apples}{1101}{}{This is a fruit.} for further processing. Same goes for the other lines. As you can see, both lines share the number 101, but I have no idea how to pull this off. Any Ideas? /EDIT: I found a "workaround": First, delete all preceding "{1" characters from group two in VISUAL BLOCK mode with C-V (or similar shortcut), then sort all lines by number with :%sort n, then join every second line with :let @q = "Jj" followed by 500@q. This works, but leaves me with {101}{}{Apples} 101}{}{This is a fruit.}. I would then need to add the missing characters "{1" in each line, not quite what I want. Any help appreciated.

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• One Apache server, multiple clients - best practices for config files?

  - by OttaSean

  First time user; please be gentle. :-) (And if you don't like my question I'd be grateful for a comment as to why...) I am doing a contract at a government server shop that provides web services for multiple client groups in other areas of the government. My employer has asked me to look into how other shops, in similar situations, handle configuration files, and whether there are any best practices on the subject. I'm pretty sure there are lots of installations out there running multiple VirtualHosts out of one Apache installation, but surprisingly I couldn't find anything online about how people handle config file layout, so was hoping some of you wise folks on ServerFault might have some thoughts or pointers for me. The current setup - which seems logical to me - is that each client site has its own directory off the root - so: /client/tps-reports/ /client/silly-walks/ /client/ministry-of-magic/ and so on - and each of those directories has a /htdocs, /cgi-bin, and /conf (among others). The main /etc/apache/httpd.conf only contains Include statements (and lots of comments), the last of which is: Include /etc/apache/vhosts/*.conf The vhosts directory contains symlinks: tpsrept.conf - /client/tps-reports/conf/tpsrept.conf sillywk.conf - /client/silly-walks/conf/sillywk.conf mom.conf - /client/ministry-of-magic/mom.conf Each of those .conf files contains the actual NameVirtualHost definition and a gigantic <VirtualHost 192.168.12.34> stanza - which contains all the stuff about the specific site. The idea is that clients have access to what's in their own /client/xx directory, so they can change stuff in the section of the config that is relevant to them. As I mentioned above, that seems fairly logical to me, but I'm wondering if any of you wise folks are aware of potential gotchas with this sort of layout, or any other thoughts on why it is or isn't a good idea. In particular, how do other places do it? Is there a "best practice" for this sort of thing? Many thanks in advance for your time and any thoughts you all might have.

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• Convert Java program to C

  - by imicrothinking

  I need a bit of guidance with writing a C program...a bit of quick background as to my level, I've programmed in Java previously, but this is my first time programming in C, and we've been tasked to translate a word count program from Java to C that consists of the following: Read a file from memory Count the words in the file For each occurrence of a unique word, keep a word counter variable Print out the top ten most frequent words and their corresponding occurrences Here's the source program in Java: package lab0; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileReader; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Calendar; import java.util.Collections; public class WordCount { private ArrayList<WordCountNode> outputlist = null; public WordCount(){ this.outputlist = new ArrayList<WordCountNode>(); } /** * Read the file into memory. * * @param filename name of the file. * @return content of the file. * @throws Exception if the file is too large or other file related exception. */ public char[] readFile(String filename) throws Exception{ char [] result = null; File file = new File(filename); long size = file.length(); if (size > Integer.MAX_VALUE){ throw new Exception("File is too large"); } result = new char[(int)size]; FileReader reader = new FileReader(file); int len, offset = 0, size2read = (int)size; while(size2read > 0){ len = reader.read(result, offset, size2read); if(len == -1) break; size2read -= len; offset += len; } return result; } /** * Make article word by word. * * @param article the content of file to be counted. * @return string contains only letters and "'". */ private enum SPLIT_STATE {IN_WORD, NOT_IN_WORD}; /** * Go through article, find all the words and add to output list * with their count. * * @param article the content of the file to be counted. * @return words in the file and their counts. */ public ArrayList<WordCountNode> countWords(char[] article){ SPLIT_STATE state = SPLIT_STATE.NOT_IN_WORD; if(null == article) return null; char curr_ltr; int curr_start = 0; for(int i = 0; i < article.length; i++){ curr_ltr = Character.toUpperCase( article[i]); if(state == SPLIT_STATE.IN_WORD){ article[i] = curr_ltr; if ((curr_ltr < 'A' || curr_ltr > 'Z') && curr_ltr != '\'') { article[i] = ' '; //printf("\nthe word is %s\n\n",curr_start); if(i - curr_start < 0){ System.out.println("i = " + i + " curr_start = " + curr_start); } addWord(new String(article, curr_start, i-curr_start)); state = SPLIT_STATE.NOT_IN_WORD; } }else{ if (curr_ltr >= 'A' && curr_ltr <= 'Z') { curr_start = i; article[i] = curr_ltr; state = SPLIT_STATE.IN_WORD; } } } return outputlist; } /** * Add the word to output list. */ public void addWord(String word){ int pos = dobsearch(word); if(pos >= outputlist.size()){ outputlist.add(new WordCountNode(1L, word)); }else{ WordCountNode tmp = outputlist.get(pos); if(tmp.getWord().compareTo(word) == 0){ tmp.setCount(tmp.getCount() + 1); }else{ outputlist.add(pos, new WordCountNode(1L, word)); } } } /** * Search the output list and return the position to put word. * @param word is the word to be put into output list. * @return position in the output list to insert the word. */ public int dobsearch(String word){ int cmp, high = outputlist.size(), low = -1, next; // Binary search the array to find the key while (high - low > 1) { next = (high + low) / 2; // all in upper case cmp = word.compareTo((outputlist.get(next)).getWord()); if (cmp == 0) return next; else if (cmp < 0) high = next; else low = next; } return high; } public static void main(String args[]){ // handle input if (args.length == 0){ System.out.println("USAGE: WordCount <filename> [Top # of results to display]\n"); System.exit(1); } String filename = args[0]; int dispnum; try{ dispnum = Integer.parseInt(args[1]); }catch(Exception e){ dispnum = 10; } long start_time = Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis(); WordCount wordcount = new WordCount(); System.out.println("Wordcount: Running..."); // read file char[] input = null; try { input = wordcount.readFile(filename); } catch (Exception e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); System.exit(1); } // count all word ArrayList<WordCountNode> result = wordcount.countWords(input); long end_time = Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis(); System.out.println("wordcount: completed " + (end_time - start_time)/1000000 + "." + (end_time - start_time)%1000000 + "(s)"); System.out.println("wordsort: running ..."); start_time = Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis(); Collections.sort(result); end_time = Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis(); System.out.println("wordsort: completed " + (end_time - start_time)/1000000 + "." + (end_time - start_time)%1000000 + "(s)"); Collections.reverse(result); System.out.println("\nresults (TOP "+ dispnum +" from "+ result.size() +"):\n" ); // print out result String str ; for (int i = 0; i < result.size() && i < dispnum; i++){ if(result.get(i).getWord().length() > 15) str = result.get(i).getWord().substring(0, 14); else str = result.get(i).getWord(); System.out.println(str + " - " + result.get(i).getCount()); } } public class WordCountNode implements Comparable{ private String word; private long count; public WordCountNode(long count, String word){ this.count = count; this.word = word; } public String getWord() { return word; } public void setWord(String word) { this.word = word; } public long getCount() { return count; } public void setCount(long count) { this.count = count; } public int compareTo(Object arg0) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub WordCountNode obj = (WordCountNode)arg0; if( count - obj.getCount() < 0) return -1; else if( count - obj.getCount() == 0) return 0; else return 1; } } } Here's my attempt (so far) in C: #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <stdbool.h> #include <string.h> // Read in a file FILE *readFile (char filename[]) { FILE *inputFile; inputFile = fopen (filename, "r"); if (inputFile == NULL) { printf ("File could not be opened.\n"); exit (EXIT_FAILURE); } return inputFile; } // Return number of words in an array int wordCount (FILE *filePointer, char filename[]) {//, char *words[]) { // count words int count = 0; char temp; while ((temp = getc(filePointer)) != EOF) { //printf ("%c", temp); if ((temp == ' ' || temp == '\n') && (temp != '\'')) count++; } count += 1; // counting method uses space AFTER last character in word - the last space // of the last character isn't counted - off by one error // close file fclose (filePointer); return count; } // Print out the frequencies of the 10 most frequent words in the console int main (int argc, char *argv[]) { /* Step 1: Read in file and check for errors */ FILE *filePointer; filePointer = readFile (argv[1]); /* Step 2: Do a word count to prep for array size */ int count = wordCount (filePointer, argv[1]); printf ("Number of words is: %i\n", count); /* Step 3: Create a 2D array to store words in the file */ // open file to reset marker to beginning of file filePointer = fopen (argv[1], "r"); // store words in character array (each element in array = consecutive word) char allWords[count][100]; // 100 is an arbitrary size - max length of word int i,j; char temp; for (i = 0; i < count; i++) { for (j = 0; j < 100; j++) { // labels are used with goto statements, not loops in C temp = getc(filePointer); if ((temp == ' ' || temp == '\n' || temp == EOF) && (temp != '\'') ) { allWords[i][j] = '\0'; break; } else { allWords[i][j] = temp; } printf ("%c", allWords[i][j]); } printf ("\n"); } // close file fclose (filePointer); /* Step 4: Use a simple selection sort algorithm to sort 2D char array */ // PStep 1: Compare two char arrays, and if // (a) c1 > c2, return 2 // (b) c1 == c2, return 1 // (c) c1 < c2, return 0 qsort(allWords, count, sizeof(char[][]), pstrcmp); /* int k = 0, l = 0, m = 0; char currentMax, comparedElement; int max; // the largest element in the current 2D array int elementToSort = 0; // elementToSort determines the element to swap with starting from the left // Outer a iterates through number of swaps needed for (k = 0; k < count - 1; k++) { // times of swaps max = k; // max element set to k // Inner b iterates through successive elements to fish out the largest element for (m = k + 1; m < count - k; m++) { currentMax = allWords[k][l]; comparedElement = allWords[m][l]; // Inner c iterates through successive chars to set the max vars to the largest for (l = 0; (currentMax != '\0' || comparedElement != '\0'); l++) { if (currentMax > comparedElement) break; else if (currentMax < comparedElement) { max = m; currentMax = allWords[m][l]; break; } else if (currentMax == comparedElement) continue; } } // After max (count and string) is determined, perform swap with temp variable char swapTemp[1][20]; int y = 0; do { swapTemp[0][y] = allWords[elementToSort][y]; allWords[elementToSort][y] = allWords[max][y]; allWords[max][y] = swapTemp[0][y]; } while (swapTemp[0][y++] != '\0'); elementToSort++; } */ int a, b; for (a = 0; a < count; a++) { for (b = 0; (temp = allWords[a][b]) != '\0'; b++) { printf ("%c", temp); } printf ("\n"); } // Copy rows to different array and print results /* char arrayCopy [count][20]; int ac, ad; char tempa; for (ac = 0; ac < count; ac++) { for (ad = 0; (tempa = allWords[ac][ad]) != '\0'; ad++) { arrayCopy[ac][ad] = tempa; printf("%c", arrayCopy[ac][ad]); } printf("\n"); } */ /* Step 5: Create two additional arrays: (a) One in which each element contains unique words from char array (b) One which holds the count for the corresponding word in the other array */ /* Step 6: Sort the count array in decreasing order, and print the corresponding array element as well as word count in the console */ return 0; } // Perform housekeeping tasks like freeing up memory and closing file I'm really stuck on the selection sort algorithm. I'm currently using 2D arrays to represent strings, and that worked out fine, but when it came to sorting, using three level nested loops didn't seem to work, I tried to use qsort instead, but I don't fully understand that function as well. Constructive feedback and criticism greatly welcome (...and needed)!

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• Windows Azure: Import/Export Hard Drives, VM ACLs, Web Sockets, Remote Debugging, Continuous Delivery, New Relic, Billing Alerts and More

  - by ScottGu

  Two weeks ago we released a giant set of improvements to Windows Azure, as well as a significant update of the Windows Azure SDK. This morning we released another massive set of enhancements to Windows Azure.  Today’s new capabilities include: Storage: Import/Export Hard Disk Drives to your Storage Accounts HDInsight: General Availability of our Hadoop Service in the cloud Virtual Machines: New VM Gallery, ACL support for VIPs Web Sites: WebSocket and Remote Debugging Support Notification Hubs: Segmented customer push notification support with tag expressions TFS & GIT: Continuous Delivery Support for Web Sites + Cloud Services Developer Analytics: New Relic support for Web Sites + Mobile Services Service Bus: Support for partitioned queues and topics Billing: New Billing Alert Service that sends emails notifications when your bill hits a threshold you define All of these improvements are now available to use immediately (note that some features are still in preview).  Below are more details about them. Storage: Import/Export Hard Disk Drives to Windows Azure I am excited to announce the preview of our new Windows Azure Import/Export Service! The Windows Azure Import/Export Service enables you to move large amounts of on-premises data into and out of your Windows Azure Storage accounts. It does this by enabling you to securely ship hard disk drives directly to our Windows Azure data centers. Once we receive the drives we’ll automatically transfer the data to or from your Windows Azure Storage account.  This enables you to import or export massive amounts of data more quickly and cost effectively (and not be constrained by available network bandwidth). Encrypted Transport Our Import/Export service provides built-in support for BitLocker disk encryption – which enables you to securely encrypt data on the hard drives before you send it, and not have to worry about it being compromised even if the disk is lost/stolen in transit (since the content on the transported hard drives is completely encrypted and you are the only one who has the key to it).  The drive preparation tool we are shipping today makes setting up bitlocker encryption on these hard drives easy. How to Import/Export your first Hard Drive of Data You can read our Getting Started Guide to learn more about how to begin using the import/export service.  You can create import and export jobs via the Windows Azure Management Portal as well as programmatically using our Server Management APIs. It is really easy to create a new import or export job using the Windows Azure Management Portal.  Simply navigate to a Windows Azure storage account, and then click the new Import/Export tab now available within it (note: if you don’t have this tab make sure to sign-up for the Import/Export preview): Then click the “Create Import Job” or “Create Export Job” commands at the bottom of it.  This will launch a wizard that easily walks you through the steps required: For more comprehensive information about Import/Export, refer to Windows Azure Storage team blog.  You can also send questions and comments to the [email protected] email address. We think you’ll find this new service makes it much easier to move data into and out of Windows Azure, and it will dramatically cut down the network bandwidth required when working on large data migration projects.  We hope you like it. HDInsight: 100% Compatible Hadoop Service in the Cloud Last week we announced the general availability release of Windows Azure HDInsight. HDInsight is a 100% compatible Hadoop service that allows you to easily provision and manage Hadoop clusters for big data processing in Windows Azure.  This release is now live in production, backed by an enterprise SLA, supported 24x7 by Microsoft Support, and is ready to use for production scenarios. HDInsight allows you to use Apache Hadoop tools, such as Pig and Hive, to process large amounts of data in Windows Azure Blob Storage. Because data is stored in Windows Azure Blob Storage, you can choose to dynamically create Hadoop clusters only when you need them, and then shut them down when they are no longer required (since you pay only for the time the Hadoop cluster instances are running this provides a super cost effective way to use them).  You can create Hadoop clusters using either the Windows Azure Management Portal (see below) or using our PowerShell and Cross Platform Command line tools: The import/export hard drive support that came out today is a perfect companion service to use with HDInsight – the combination allows you to easily ingest, process and optionally export a limitless amount of data.  We’ve also integrated HDInsight with our Business Intelligence tools, so users can leverage familiar tools like Excel in order to analyze the output of jobs.  You can find out more about how to get started with HDInsight here. Virtual Machines: VM Gallery Enhancements Today’s update of Windows Azure brings with it a new Virtual Machine gallery that you can use to create new VMs in the cloud.  You can launch the gallery by doing New->Compute->Virtual Machine->From Gallery within the Windows Azure Management Portal: The new Virtual Machine Gallery includes some nice enhancements that make it even easier to use: Search: You can now easily search and filter images using the search box in the top-right of the dialog.  For example, simply type “SQL” and we’ll filter to show those images in the gallery that contain that substring. Category Tree-view: Each month we add more built-in VM images to the gallery.  You can continue to browse these using the “All” view within the VM Gallery – or now quickly filter them using the category tree-view on the left-hand side of the dialog.  For example, by selecting “Oracle” in the tree-view you can now quickly filter to see the official Oracle supplied images. MSDN and Supported checkboxes: With today’s update we are also introducing filters that makes it easy to filter out types of images that you may not be interested in. The first checkbox is MSDN: using this filter you can exclude any image that is not part of the Windows Azure benefits for MSDN subscribers (which have highly discounted pricing - you can learn more about the MSDN pricing here). The second checkbox is Supported: this filter will exclude any image that contains prerelease software, so you can feel confident that the software you choose to deploy is fully supported by Windows Azure and our partners. Sort options: We sort gallery images by what we think customers are most interested in, but sometimes you might want to sort using different views. So we’re providing some additional sort options, like “Newest,” to customize the image list for what suits you best. Pricing information: We now provide additional pricing information about images and options on how to cost effectively run them directly within the VM Gallery. The above improvements make it even easier to use the VM Gallery and quickly create launch and run Virtual Machines in the cloud. Virtual Machines: ACL Support for VIPs A few months ago we exposed the ability to configure Access Control Lists (ACLs) for Virtual Machines using Windows PowerShell cmdlets and our Service Management API. With today’s release, you can now configure VM ACLs using the Windows Azure Management Portal as well. You can now do this by clicking the new Manage ACL command in the Endpoints tab of a virtual machine instance: This will enable you to configure an ordered list of permit and deny rules to scope the traffic that can access your VM’s network endpoints. For example, if you were on a virtual network, you could limit RDP access to a Windows Azure virtual machine to only a few computers attached to your enterprise. Or if you weren’t on a virtual network you could alternatively limit traffic from public IPs that can access your workloads: Here is the default behaviors for ACLs in Windows Azure: By default (i.e. no rules specified), all traffic is permitted. When using only Permit rules, all other traffic is denied. When using only Deny rules, all other traffic is permitted. When there is a combination of Permit and Deny rules, all other traffic is denied. Lastly, remember that configuring endpoints does not automatically configure them within the VM if it also has firewall rules enabled at the OS level.  So if you create an endpoint using the Windows Azure Management Portal, Windows PowerShell, or REST API, be sure to also configure your guest VM firewall appropriately as well. Web Sites: Web Sockets Support With today’s release you can now use Web Sockets with Windows Azure Web Sites.  This feature enables you to easily integrate real-time communication scenarios within your web based applications, and is available at no extra charge (it even works with the free tier).  Higher level programming libraries like SignalR and socket.io are also now supported with it. You can enable Web Sockets support on a web site by navigating to the Configure tab of a Web Site, and by toggling Web Sockets support to “on”: Once Web Sockets is enabled you can start to integrate some really cool scenarios into your web applications.  Check out the new SignalR documentation hub on www.asp.net to learn more about some of the awesome scenarios you can do with it. Web Sites: Remote Debugging Support The Windows Azure SDK 2.2 we released two weeks ago introduced remote debugging support for Windows Azure Cloud Services. With today’s Windows Azure release we are extending this remote debugging support to also work with Windows Azure Web Sites. With live, remote debugging support inside of Visual Studio, you are able to have more visibility than ever before into how your code is operating live in Windows Azure. It is now super easy to attach the debugger and quickly see what is going on with your application in the cloud. Remote Debugging of a Windows Azure Web Site using VS 2013 Enabling the remote debugging of a Windows Azure Web Site using VS 2013 is really easy.  Start by opening up your web application’s project within Visual Studio. Then navigate to the “Server Explorer” tab within Visual Studio, and click on the deployed web-site you want to debug that is running within Windows Azure using the Windows Azure->Web Sites node in the Server Explorer.  Then right-click and choose the “Attach Debugger” option on it: When you do this Visual Studio will remotely attach the debugger to the Web Site running within Windows Azure.  The debugger will then stop the web site’s execution when it hits any break points that you have set within your web application’s project inside Visual Studio.  For example, below I set a breakpoint on the “ViewBag.Message” assignment statement within the HomeController of the standard ASP.NET MVC project template.  When I hit refresh on the “About” page of the web site within the browser, the breakpoint was triggered and I am now able to debug the app remotely using Visual Studio: Note above how we can debug variables (including autos/watchlist/etc), as well as use the Immediate and Command Windows. In the debug session above I used the Immediate Window to explore some of the request object state, as well as to dynamically change the ViewBag.Message property.  When we click the the “Continue” button (or press F5) the app will continue execution and the Web Site will render the content back to the browser.  This makes it super easy to debug web apps remotely. Tips for Better Debugging To get the best experience while debugging, we recommend publishing your site using the Debug configuration within Visual Studio’s Web Publish dialog. This will ensure that debug symbol information is uploaded to the Web Site which will enable a richer debug experience within Visual Studio.  You can find this option on the Web Publish dialog on the Settings tab: When you ultimately deploy/run the application in production we recommend using the “Release” configuration setting – the release configuration is memory optimized and will provide the best production performance.  To learn more about diagnosing and debugging Windows Azure Web Sites read our new Troubleshooting Windows Azure Web Sites in Visual Studio guide. Notification Hubs: Segmented Push Notification support with tag expressions In August we announced the General Availability of Windows Azure Notification Hubs - a powerful Mobile Push Notifications service that makes it easy to send high volume push notifications with low latency from any mobile app back-end.  Notification hubs can be used with any mobile app back-end (including ones built using our Mobile Services capability) and can also be used with back-ends that run in the cloud as well as on-premises. Beginning with the initial release, Notification Hubs allowed developers to send personalized push notifications to both individual users as well as groups of users by interest, by associating their devices with tags representing the logical target of the notification. For example, by registering all devices of customers interested in a favorite MLB team with a corresponding tag, it is possible to broadcast one message to millions of Boston Red Sox fans and another message to millions of St. Louis Cardinals fans with a single API call respectively. New support for using tag expressions to enable advanced customer segmentation With today’s release we are adding support for even more advanced customer targeting.  You can now identify customers that you want to send push notifications to by defining rich tag expressions. With tag expressions, you can now not only broadcast notifications to Boston Red Sox fans, but take that segmenting a step farther and reach more granular segments. This opens up a variety of scenarios, for example: Offers based on multiple preferences—e.g. send a game day vegetarian special to users tagged as both a Boston Red Sox fan AND a vegetarian Push content to multiple segments in a single message—e.g. rain delay information only to users who are tagged as either a Boston Red Sox fan OR a St. Louis Cardinal fan Avoid presenting subsets of a segment with irrelevant content—e.g. season ticket availability reminder to users who are tagged as a Boston Red Sox fan but NOT also a season ticket holder To illustrate with code, consider a restaurant chain app that sends an offer related to a Red Sox vs Cardinals game for users in Boston. Devices can be tagged by your app with location tags (e.g. “Loc:Boston”) and interest tags (e.g. “Follows:RedSox”, “Follows:Cardinals”), and then a notification can be sent by your back-end to “(Follows:RedSox || Follows:Cardinals) && Loc:Boston” in order to deliver an offer to all devices in Boston that follow either the RedSox or the Cardinals. This can be done directly in your server backend send logic using the code below: var notification = new WindowsNotification(messagePayload); hub.SendNotificationAsync(notification, "(Follows:RedSox || Follows:Cardinals) && Loc:Boston"); In your expressions you can use all Boolean operators: AND (&&), OR (||), and NOT (!).  Some other cool use cases for tag expressions that are now supported include: Social: To “all my group except me” - group:id && !user:id Events: Touchdown event is sent to everybody following either team or any of the players involved in the action: Followteam:A || Followteam:B || followplayer:1 || followplayer:2 … Hours: Send notifications at specific times. E.g. Tag devices with time zone and when it is 12pm in Seattle send to: GMT8 && follows:thaifood Versions and platforms: Send a reminder to people still using your first version for Android - version:1.0 && platform:Android For help on getting started with Notification Hubs, visit the Notification Hub documentation center.  Then download the latest NuGet package (or use the Notification Hubs REST APIs directly) to start sending push notifications using tag expressions.  They are really powerful and enable a bunch of great new scenarios. TFS & GIT: Continuous Delivery Support for Web Sites + Cloud Services With today’s Windows Azure release we are making it really easy to enable continuous delivery support with Windows Azure and Team Foundation Services.  Team Foundation Services is a cloud based offering from Microsoft that provides integrated source control (with both TFS and Git support), build server, test execution, collaboration tools, and agile planning support.  It makes it really easy to setup a team project (complete with automated builds and test runners) in the cloud, and it has really rich integration with Visual Studio. With today’s Windows Azure release it is now really easy to enable continuous delivery support with both TFS and Git based repositories hosted using Team Foundation Services.  This enables a workflow where when code is checked in, built successfully on an automated build server, and all tests pass on it – I can automatically have the app deployed on Windows Azure with zero manual intervention or work required. The below screen-shots demonstrate how to quickly setup a continuous delivery workflow to Windows Azure with a Git-based ASP.NET MVC project hosted using Team Foundation Services. Enabling Continuous Delivery to Windows Azure with Team Foundation Services The project I’m going to enable continuous delivery with is a simple ASP.NET MVC project whose source code I’m hosting using Team Foundation Services.  I did this by creating a “SimpleContinuousDeploymentTest” repository there using Git – and then used the new built-in Git tooling support within Visual Studio 2013 to push the source code to it.  Below is a screen-shot of the Git repository hosted within Team Foundation Services: I can access the repository within Visual Studio 2013 and easily make commits with it (as well as branch, merge and do other tasks).  Using VS 2013 I can also setup automated builds to take place in the cloud using Team Foundation Services every time someone checks in code to the repository: The cool thing about this is that I don’t have to buy or rent my own build server – Team Foundation Services automatically maintains its own build server farm and can automatically queue up a build for me (for free) every time someone checks in code using the above settings.  This build server (and automated testing) support now works with both TFS and Git based source control repositories. Connecting a Team Foundation Services project to Windows Azure Once I have a source repository hosted in Team Foundation Services with Automated Builds and Testing set up, I can then go even further and set it up so that it will be automatically deployed to Windows Azure when a source code commit is made to the repository (assuming the Build + Tests pass).  Enabling this is now really easy.  To set this up with a Windows Azure Web Site simply use the New->Compute->Web Site->Custom Create command inside the Windows Azure Management Portal.  This will create a dialog like below.  I gave the web site a name and then made sure the “Publish from source control” checkbox was selected: When we click next we’ll be prompted for the location of the source repository.  We’ll select “Team Foundation Services”: Once we do this we’ll be prompted for our Team Foundation Services account that our source repository is hosted under (in this case my TFS account is “scottguthrie”): When we click the “Authorize Now” button we’ll be prompted to give Windows Azure permissions to connect to the Team Foundation Services account.  Once we do this we’ll be prompted to pick the source repository we want to connect to.  Starting with today’s Windows Azure release you can now connect to both TFS and Git based source repositories.  This new support allows me to connect to the “SimpleContinuousDeploymentTest” respository we created earlier: Clicking the finish button will then create the Web Site with the continuous delivery hooks setup with Team Foundation Services.  Now every time someone pushes source control to the repository in Team Foundation Services, it will kick off an automated build, run all of the unit tests in the solution , and if they pass the app will be automatically deployed to our Web Site in Windows Azure.  You can monitor the history and status of these automated deployments using the Deployments tab within the Web Site: This enables a really slick continuous delivery workflow, and enables you to build and deploy apps in a really nice way. Developer Analytics: New Relic support for Web Sites + Mobile Services With today’s Windows Azure release we are making it really easy to enable Developer Analytics and Monitoring support with both Windows Azure Web Site and Windows Azure Mobile Services.  We are partnering with New Relic, who provide a great dev analytics and app performance monitoring offering, to enable this - and we have updated the Windows Azure Management Portal to make it really easy to configure. Enabling New Relic with a Windows Azure Web Site Enabling New Relic support with a Windows Azure Web Site is now really easy.  Simply navigate to the Configure tab of a Web Site and scroll down to the “developer analytics” section that is now within it: Clicking the “add-on” button will display some additional UI.  If you don’t already have a New Relic subscription, you can click the “view windows azure store” button to obtain a subscription (note: New Relic has a perpetually free tier so you can enable it even without paying anything): Clicking the “view windows azure store” button will launch the integrated Windows Azure Store experience we have within the Windows Azure Management Portal.  You can use this to browse from a variety of great add-on services – including New Relic: Select “New Relic” within the dialog above, then click the next button, and you’ll be able to choose which type of New Relic subscription you wish to purchase.  For this demo we’ll simply select the “Free Standard Version” – which does not cost anything and can be used forever:  Once we’ve signed-up for our New Relic subscription and added it to our Windows Azure account, we can go back to the Web Site’s configuration tab and choose to use the New Relic add-on with our Windows Azure Web Site.  We can do this by simply selecting it from the “add-on” dropdown (it is automatically populated within it once we have a New Relic subscription in our account): Clicking the “Save” button will then cause the Windows Azure Management Portal to automatically populate all of the needed New Relic configuration settings to our Web Site: Deploying the New Relic Agent as part of a Web Site The final step to enable developer analytics using New Relic is to add the New Relic runtime agent to our web app.  We can do this within Visual Studio by right-clicking on our web project and selecting the “Manage NuGet Packages” context menu: This will bring up the NuGet package manager.  You can search for “New Relic” within it to find the New Relic agent.  Note that there is both a 32-bit and 64-bit edition of it – make sure to install the version that matches how your Web Site is running within Windows Azure (note: you can configure your Web Site to run in either 32-bit or 64-bit mode using the Web Site’s “Configuration” tab within the Windows Azure Management Portal): Once we install the NuGet package we are all set to go.  We’ll simply re-publish the web site again to Windows Azure and New Relic will now automatically start monitoring the application Monitoring a Web Site using New Relic Now that the application has developer analytics support with New Relic enabled, we can launch the New Relic monitoring portal to start monitoring the health of it.  We can do this by clicking on the “Add Ons” tab in the left-hand side of the Windows Azure Management Portal.  Then select the New Relic add-on we signed-up for within it.  The Windows Azure Management Portal will provide some default information about the add-on when we do this.  Clicking the “Manage” button in the tray at the bottom will launch a new browser tab and single-sign us into the New Relic monitoring portal associated with our account: When we do this a new browser tab will launch with the New Relic admin tool loaded within it: We can now see insights into how our app is performing – without having to have written a single line of monitoring code.  The New Relic service provides a ton of great built-in monitoring features allowing us to quickly see: Performance times (including browser rendering speed) for the overall site and individual pages.  You can optionally set alert thresholds to trigger if the speed does not meet a threshold you specify. Information about where in the world your customers are hitting the site from (and how performance varies by region) Details on the latency performance of external services your web apps are using (for example: SQL, Storage, Twitter, etc) Error information including call stack details for exceptions that have occurred at runtime SQL Server profiling information – including which queries executed against your database and what their performance was And a whole bunch more… The cool thing about New Relic is that you don’t need to write monitoring code within your application to get all of the above reports (plus a lot more).  The New Relic agent automatically enables the CLR profiler within applications and automatically captures the information necessary to identify these.  This makes it super easy to get started and immediately have a rich developer analytics view for your solutions with very little effort. If you haven’t tried New Relic out yet with Windows Azure I recommend you do so – I think you’ll find it helps you build even better cloud applications.  Following the above steps will help you get started and deliver you a really good application monitoring solution in only minutes. Service Bus: Support for partitioned queues and topics With today’s release, we are enabling support within Service Bus for partitioned queues and topics. Enabling partitioning enables you to achieve a higher message throughput and better availability from your queues and topics. Higher message throughput is achieved by implementing multiple message brokers for each partitioned queue and topic.  The  multiple messaging stores will also provide higher availability. You can create a partitioned queue or topic by simply checking the Enable Partitioning option in the custom create wizard for a Queue or Topic: Read this article to learn more about partitioned queues and topics and how to take advantage of them today. Billing: New Billing Alert Service Today’s Windows Azure update enables a new Billing Alert Service Preview that enables you to get proactive email notifications when your Windows Azure bill goes above a certain monetary threshold that you configure.  This makes it easier to manage your bill and avoid potential surprises at the end of the month. With the Billing Alert Service Preview, you can now create email alerts to monitor and manage your monetary credits or your current bill total.  To set up an alert first sign-up for the free Billing Alert Service Preview.  Then visit the account management page, click on a subscription you have setup, and then navigate to the new Alerts tab that is available: The alerts tab allows you to setup email alerts that will be sent automatically once a certain threshold is hit.  For example, by clicking the “add alert” button above I can setup a rule to send myself email anytime my Windows Azure bill goes above $100 for the month: The Billing Alert Service will evolve to support additional aspects of your bill as well as support multiple forms of alerts such as SMS.  Try out the new Billing Alert Service Preview today and give us feedback. Summary Today’s Windows Azure release enables a ton of great new scenarios, and makes building applications hosted in the cloud even easier. If you don’t already have a Windows Azure account, you can sign-up for a free trial and start using all of the above features today.  Then visit the Windows Azure Developer Center to learn more about how to build apps with it. Hope this helps, Scott P.S. In addition to blogging, I am also now using Twitter for quick updates and to share links. Follow me at: twitter.com/scottgu

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