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• What are the differences between programming languages? [closed]

  - by Omega

  Once upon a time, I heard from someone the only difference between programming languages is the syntax I wanted to deny it - to say that there are other fundamental aspects that truly set a language apart from others than just syntax. But I couldn't... So, can you? Whenever I search Google for something like "differences between programming languages", the results tend to be debates between two specific languages (I'd like something more general) - however, some of the aspects that people seemed to debate the most were: Object-Oriented Method/Operator overloading (I actually see this rather related to syntax) Garbage-Collection (While it seems like a good difference, for some reason it doesn't seem that "fundamental") What important aspects other than syntax can you think of?

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• =~ (equal-sign tilde) and m" ... " in .htaccess directive

  - by Lèse majesté

  I saw this bit of code on an old forum post: SSLRequire %{HTTP_HOST} =~ m"\.secure\.powweb\.com" And I was just wondering what the =~ and m" ... " meant. I've been searching online and in the Apache documentation for any mention of the equal-sign tilde operator, but I've found no mention of it. I know that some directives can take a tilde to use a regular expression, but I've never seen the m" ... " form used before. What exactly is that m" ... " for? Where else would you see this form?

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• Test Driven Development Code Order

  - by Bobby Kostadinov

  I am developing my first project using test driven development. I am using Zend Framework and PHPUnit. Currently my project is at 100% code coverage but I am not sure I understand in what order I am supposed to write my code. Am I supposed to write my test FIRST with what my objects are expected to do or write my objects and then test them? Ive been working on completing a controller/model and then writing at test for it but I am not sure this is what TDD is about? Any advice? For example, I wrote my Auth plugin and my Auth controller and tested that they work properly in my browser, and then I sat down to write the tests for them, which proved that there were some logical errors in the code that did work in the browser.

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• How to prevent "underwater sight" in games

  - by CPP_Person

  In many games where the player can go underwater, it seems like when you look where the top half of the screen is in the air, and the bottom half the screen is in the water, it's almost like the water doesn't exist and the player is... flying slowly with water sounds? Is there a logical way to solve this? An algorithm? Doesn't seem like any solution has come up yet since many games still have this. I don't want to make the same mistake.

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• Do I need the 'w' component in my Vector class?

  - by bobobobo

  Assume you're writing matrix code that handles rotation, translation etc for 3d space. Now the transformation matrices have to be 4x4 to fit the translation component in. However, you don't actually need to store a w component in the vector do you? Even in perspective division, you can simply compute and store w outside of the vector, and perspective divide before returning from the method. For example: // post multiply vec2=matrix*vector Vector operator*( const Matrix & a, const Vector& v ) { Vector r ; // do matrix mult r.x = a._11*v.x + a._12*v.y ... real w = a._41*v.x + a._42*v.y ... // perspective divide r /= w ; return r ; } Is there a point in storing w in the Vector class?

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• How do I save to an NTFS partition?

  - by RADHAKRISHNAN

  I was using ubuntu 11.04 on my Laptop. While installing it from a DVD, I have created a 10 GB NTFS partition at the beginning of the hard disk, as primary. All other partitions ( swap, a ext3, a ext4 and a FAT32 ) are created in as logical in the extended partition. All were working well in ubuntun11.04. Now the system was upgraded to ubuntu 11.10 via internet and was sucessful. But unable to either create folder/files or to write to existing files in the said NTFS partiton. But files in the partition can read - means mounting done. Same is the case even if logged in as root also. Fortunately no such problem with other partitions including FAT Why it is so, please help.

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• Creating a new variable versus assigning an existing one

  - by rwallace

  Which is more common, creating a new variable versus assigning an existing variable (field, array element etc - anything that syntactically uses the assignment operator)? The reason I ask is that I'm designing a new language, and wondering which of these two operations should get the shorter syntax. It's not intended to be a pure functional language, or the question wouldn't arise, so I'd ideally like to count usage across large existing code bases in procedural and object-oriented languages like C, C++ and Java, though as far as I can see there isn't an easy way to do this automatically, and going by memory and eyeball, neither is obviously more common than the other.

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• The rule of 5 - to use it or not?

  - by VJovic

  The rule of 3 (the rule of 5 in the new c++ standard) states : If you need to explicitly declare either the destructor, copy constructor or copy assignment operator yourself, you probably need to explicitly declare all three of them. But, on the other hand, the Martin's "Clean Code" advises to remove all empty constructors and destructors (page 293, G12:Clutter) : Of what use is a default constructor with no implementation? All it serves to do is clutter up the code with meaningless artifacts. So, how to handle these two opposite opinions? Should empty constructors/destructors really be implemented?

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• What are some good examples of using pass by name?

  - by Paul

  When I write programs I using pass by value or pass by reference always seem to be logical methods. When learning about different programming languages I came across pass by name. Pass by name is a parameter passing method that waits to evaluate the parameter value until it is used. See Stack Overflow pass by name question for more information on the method. What I would like to know is: what are some good examples and/or reasons to use pass by name and should it be re-introduced into some more modern languages.

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• Algorithm development in jobs

  - by dbeacham

  I have a mathematics background but also consider career in some form of software development. In particular I'm interested in finding out what sort of industries are most likely to have more algorithm development/mathematical and logical problem solving slant rather than pure application development etc. Obviously, I'm assuming that some subset of the canonical data structures and associated algorithms (trees, lists, hash tables, sets, maps with search, insert, traversals etc.) are mostly going to be present in software development. However, where am I more likely to encounter problems of more discrete maths nature (combinatorial, graph theory, sets, strings, ...) explicitly or more likely in disguise. Any pointers much appreciated (including possible open source projects that I could use for my further search for applications and also possibly contribute to).

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• Broadcom bcm4313 Ubuntu 13.10 connection time out

  - by Wahtever

  After upgrading to Ubuntu 13.10 I keep getting connection timed out every few seconds at which point i have to disconnect and reconnect to the WiFi network. The WiFi card worked fine on 13.04 with the bcmwl-kernel-source installed but giving problems on 13.10: *-network description: Wireless interface product: BCM4313 802.11bgn Wireless Network Adapter vendor: Broadcom Corporation physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:02:00.0 logical name: eth1 version: 01 serial: c0:14:3d:cc:c9:c7 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list ethernet physical wireless configuration: broadcast=yes driver=wl0 driverversion=6.30.223.141 (r415941) ip=192.168.1.4 latency=0 multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11abg resources: irq:17 memory:f0500000-f0503fff How can i fix this? Thanks

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• How to correctly set permisions for all subfolders and files

  - by Saeid87

  I am following the guide to install TinyOS on Ubuntu 12.04 I have done up to step 3, But I am not sure if I have done the step 3 correctly. Because by doing the step 4 I get the permission error : saeid@saeid-Satellite-C660:~$ tos-install-jni /usr/bin/tos-install-jni: 13: [: =: unexpected operator Installing 32-bit Java JNI code in /usr/lib/jvm/java-6-openjdk-i386/jre/lib/i386 ... install: cannot create regular file `/usr/lib/jvm/java-6-openjdk-i386/jre/lib/i386/libgetenv.so': Permission denied Can you please tell me what would be the actual commands for step 3? What I have to replace with following lines?: /opt/tinyos-2.x files: chown -R /opt/tinyos-2.x Change the permissions on any serial (/dev/ttyS), usb (/dev/tts/usb, /dev/ttyUSB), or parallel (/dev/parport) devices you are going to use: chmod 666 /dev/ I mean how would you do those steps in your ubuntu?

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• Collision: Vector class (java)

  - by user8363

  When handling collision detection / response and you need a Vector class, do you need to create that class yourself or is there a java class you can use? A vector class should have methods like: subtract(Vector v), normalize(), dotProduct(Vector v), ... At the moment it seems logical to use classes like java.awt.Rectangle and java.awt.Polygon to calculate collisions. Would I be right to use these classes for this purpose? My question is not about how to implement collision detection, I know how that works. However I'm wondering what would be a correct and clean way to implement it in java since I'm fairly new to the language and to application development in general.

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• Ubiquity is not recognizing existing partition while trying to install Ubuntu alongside Windows 7

  - by Bertner

  So I'm using Ubuntu live CD to install Ubuntu next to Windows 7 but it doesn't recognize partitions. Here is sudo fdisk -l: Disk /dev/sda: 640.1 GB, 640135028736 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 77825 cylinders, total 1250263728 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0c7a859b Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 63 1250259631 625129784+ f W95 Ext'd (LBA) Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary. /dev/sda2 * 81920 4177919 2048000 b W95 FAT32 /dev/sda3 4177920 147535871 71678976 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda5 147538608 1147859631 500160512 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT I have one partition with Windows 7, one with its created partition (OS) and one for data.

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• Most appropriate diagram for GUI button design?

  - by JustADude

  What is the most appropriate diagram for GUI button design? Specifically, I have numerous buttons that will be changing color based on state information from operator input and input from various subcomponents and sensors. I would like to use UML or some other type of design diagrams to be able to capture the color transition. Some folks have suggested sequence diagrams, but I haven't been able to find any good examples that show how to incorporate this design artifact. I would really like to head in this direction to help developers. Thanks a ton for feedback and insights.

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• Using gerrit (or similar tool) on a team where multiple devs work on a single feature

  - by Bacon

  We have a team of roughly ~8 devs who regularly work on the same feature over the course of a 3 week sprint. It isn't quite pair programming, but in our current workflow devs regularly push up incomplete code for a colleague to complete. This worked fine before we introduced Gerrit, but now our commits need to represent chunks of test-passing, complete, logical functionality, and so the model breaks. My only idea is to have everybody push up to a separate, untracked branch up until the functionality is ready for review, then squash everything into commits that make sense and push up. Is there another Gerrit-ized workflow that could work? I know this is a widely discussed topic on Google Groups, and that there has recently been some discussion of Gerrit topic reviews, but I wanted to see if there is anybody out there using Gerrit in this way, and what the suggested workflow would be.

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• Why does installing Grub2 give an "ISO9660: filesystem destruction..." warning?

  - by Ettore

  I have installed Ubuntu 12.04 on my computer, but at the end of the installation it gave me an error and it didn't install grub2. Now I'm trying to install it using the live cd: This is my sudo fdisk -l: Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders, total 976773168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x6af447e6 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 781459455 390728704 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda2 781459456 789272575 3906560 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda3 789272576 976773119 93750272 83 Linux After mounting and chroot the linux partiton, I give grub-install /dev/sda command, and I get: /usr/sbin/grub-setup: error: hd0 appears to contain a iso9660 filesystem which isn't known to reserve space for DOS-style boot. Installing GRUB there could result in FILESYSTEM DESTRUCTION if valuable data is overwritten by grub-setup (--skip-fs-probe disables this check, use at your own risk). (same error even with grub-install --recheck /dev/sda) What can I do? I also tried boot-repair, but I get this error: http://paste.ubuntu.com/1069353/

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• T-SQL Tuesday: What kind of Bookmark are you using?

  - by Kalen Delaney

  I’m glad there is no minimum length requirement for T-SQL Tuesday blog posts , because this one will be short. I was in the classroom for almost 11 hours today, and I need to be back tomorrow morning at 7:30. Way long ago, back in SQL 2000 (or was it earlier?) when a query indicated that SQL Server was going to use a nonclustered index to get row pointers, and then look up those rows in the underlying table, the plan just had a very linear look to it. The operator that indicated going from the nonclustered...(read more)

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• Is there an effective way to test XSL transforms/BizTalk maps?

  - by nlawalker

  Creating repeatable tests for BizTalk maps is frustrating. I can't find a way to handle testing them like I'd do unit testing, because I can't find ways to break them into logical chunks. They tend to be one big monolithic unit, and any change has the potential to ripple through the map and break a lot of unit tests. Even if I could break it up, creating XML test inputs is painful and error prone. Is there any effective way of testing these? I'd settle for recommendations for testing XSL transforms in general, but I specifically mention BizTalk maps primarily for the reason that when using the mapper, there really isn't any way to break your XSLT into templates (which I'd imagine you could use to break up your logic into testable chunks, but I've honestly never gotten that far with XSLT).

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• Is it possible to change the group list shown on the application launcher?

  - by Grobbendonk

  I just installed Unity, on Ubuntu 10.10, to try it out. I've tried fiddling with a few things, but I can't work out how the applications are grouped and listed. I mean - if I click on the Applications in the launcher, we get the list of applications installed, with the option to narrow the selection by group. i.e. |Search box|All applications|Accessories|Games|Internet|Media|Office|System| My question is where that list is generated - my machine is mostly for work, so the games have been uninstalled (and I get a "there are no games on this box" message, which is nice), and there's a stack of other stuff I'd like to see under a new group of "work" or something. Obviously, a logical follow-up - how does unity know how to classify the applications into those groups? Is it the info in the .desktop links to them?

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• 11.04 Wireless is disabled by hardware switch Hp Compaq nc6220

  - by user75711

  Here is some backstory if it is helpful: I had Windows Vista on my computer and I wanted to use wubi to install Ubuntu, everything was fine until I booted into the OS. It said my wireless was disabled by a Hardware Switch. So I booted back into Vista and it disabled there too. I have gotten rid of vista and installed 11.04 instead. It still has this error and as far as I know there is no switch anywhere and the fn keys do nothing. My lshw is: *-network DISABLED description: Wireless Interface product: PRO/Wireless 2915ABG [Calexico2] Network Connection vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 4 bus info: pci@0000:02:04.0 logical name: eth1 version: 05 serial: 00:15:00:0c:5d:62 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm bus_master cap_list ethernet physical wireless configuration: broadcast=yes driver-ipw2200 driverversion=1.2.2kmprq firmware=ABG:9.0.5.27 (Dec 12 2007) latency=64 link=no maxlatency=24 mingnt=3 multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11abg resources: irq:21 memory:d0400000-d0400fff Thanks

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• Why is Prolog associated with Natural Language Processing?

  - by kyphos

  I have recently started learning about NLP with python, and NLP seems to be based mostly on statistics/machine-learning. What does a logic programming language bring to the table with respect to NLP? Is the declarative nature of prolog used to define grammars? Is it used to define associations between words? That is, somehow mine logical relationships between words (this I imagine would be pretty hard to do)? Any examples of what prolog uniquely brings to NLP would be highly appreciated.

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• DOMDocument programming: a lot of little dilemmas, how to solve them?

  - by Peter Krauss

  I need elegance and performance: how to decide by the "best implementation" for each DOM algorithm that I face. This simple "DOMNodeList grouper" illustrate many little dilemmas: use iterator_to_array or "populate an array", when not all items need to be copied. use clone operator, cloneNode method or import method? use parentNode::method() or documentElement::method? (see here) first removeChild or first replaceChild, no avoids "side effects"? ... My position, today, is only "do an arbitrary choice and follow it in all implementations" (like a "Convention over configuration" principle)... But, there are another considerations? About performance, there are some article showing benchmarks? PS: this is a generic DOM question, any language (PHP, Javascript, Python, etc.) have the problem.

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• Creating an Interface To a Language's Standard Library?

  - by Nathan Arthur

  In the process of learning test-driven development, I've been introduced to dependency injection and the use of interfaces, and have started using these concepts in my own PHP code in order to make it more testable. There have been times when I've needed to test code that was doing things like calling the PHP time() function. In order to make these tests predictable, it seemed logical to create an interface to the standard PHP functions I use so that I can mock them out in my tests. Is this good software design? What are the pros and cons of doing this? I've found myself groaning at how quickly my PHP interface can stick its fingers into everything I do. Is there a better way to make code that relies on PHP-accessed state and functions more testable?

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• Is there any complications or side effects for changing final field access/visibility modifier from private to protected?

  - by Software Engeneering Learner

  I have a private final field in one class and then I want to address that field in a subclass. I want to change field access/visibility modifier from private to protected, so I don't have to call getField() method from subclass and I can instead address that field directly (which is more clear and cohessive). Will there be any side effects or complications if I change private to protected for a final field? UPDATE: from logical point of view, it's obvious that descendant should be able to directly access all predecessor fields, right? But there are certain constraints that are imposed on private final fields by JVM, like 100% initialization guarantee after construction phase(useful for concurrency) and so on. So I would like to know, by changing from private to protected, won't that or any other constraints be compromised?

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