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  • MD3200 - 3 to 4x less throughput than MD1220. Am I missing something here?

    - by Igor Polishchuk
    I have two R710 servers with similar configuration. One in my office has MD1220 attached. Another one in the datacenter of my hosting services vendor has MD3200. I'm getting significantly worse throughput from MD3200 at my vendors setup. I'm mostly interested in sequential writes, and I'm getting these results in bonnie++ and dd tests: Seq. writes on MD1220 in my office: 1.1 GB/s - bonnie++, 1.3GB/s - dd Seq. writes on MD3200 at my vendor's: 240MB/s - bonnie++, 310MB/s - dd Unfortunately, I could not test the exactly the same configurations, but the two I have should be comparable. If anything, my good performing environment is cheaper than the bad performing. I expect at least similar throughput from these two setups. My vendor cannot really help me. Hopefully, somebody more familiar with the DAS performance can look at it and tell if I'm missing something here and my expectations are too high. To summarize, the question here is it reasonable to expect about 100MB/s of sequential write throughput per each couple of drives in RAID10 on MD3200? Is there any trick to enable such performance in MD3200 with dual controller as opposed to simple MD1220 with a single H800 adapter? More details about the configurations: A good one in my office: Dell R710 2CPU X5650 @ 2.67GHz 12 cores 96GB DDR3, OS: RHEL 5.5, kernel 2.6.18-194.26.1.el5 x86_64 20x300GB 2.5" SAS 10K in a single RAID10 1MB chunk size on MD1220 + Dell H800 I/O controller with 1GB cache in the host Not so good one at my vendor's: Dell R710 2CPU L5520 @ 2.27GHz 8 cores 144GB DDR3, OS: RHEL 5.5, kernel 2.6.18-194.11.4.el5 x86_64 20x146GB 2.5" SAS 15K in a single RAID10 512KB chunk size, Dell MD3200, 2 I/O controllers in array with 1GB cache each Additional information. I've also ran the same tests on the same vendor's host, but the storage was: two raids of 14x146GB 15K RPM drives RAID 10, striped together on the OS level on MD3000+MD1000. The performance was about 25% worse than on MD3200 despite having more drives. When I ran similar tests on the internal storage of my vendor's host (2x146GB 15K RPM drives RAID1, Perc 6i) I've got about 128MB/s seq. writes. Just two internal drives gave me about a half of 20 drives' throughput on MD3200. The random I/O performance of the MD3200 setup is ok, it gives me at least 1300 IOPS. I'm mostly have problems with sequentioal I/O throughput. Thank you for looking into it. Regards Igor

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  • All the Gear and No Idea: Suggestions for re-designing my home/office/entertainment network

    - by 5arx
    Help/ Advice/ Suggestions please: I have a load of kit that I love but which currently operate in disconnected, sometimes counter-productive way. Because I never really had a masterplan I just added these things one after another and connected them up in ad hoc ways. Since I bought my Macbook I've found I spend much less time on the MacPro that was until then my main machine. Perversely, as my job involves writing .Net software, I spend a lot of Mac time actually inside a Windows 7 VM. I stream media from the HP box to the PS3 and thus to the TV, but its not without its limitations/annoyances. We listen to each other's iTunes libraries but the music files are all over the place and it would be good to know they were all safely in one location (and fully backed up). I need to come up with a strategy that will allow me to use all the kit for work, play (recording live music, making tunes, iMovie work), pushing/streaming media to the TV and sharing files with my other half (she uses a Windows laptop and her iPod touch). Ideally I'd like to be able to work on any of the machines and have a shared homedrive that was visible to all machines so all my current files were synced up wherever i was. It would be great if I could access everything securely and quickly over the web. I'd also like to be able to set up a background backup process. The kit list thus far: Apple MacPro 8GB/3x250GB RAID0 + 1TB Apple MacBook Pro 13" 8GB/250GB - I spend a lot of my work time on a Windows 7 VM on this. Crappy Acer laptop (for children's use - iPlayer, watching movies/tv files) HP Proliant Server 4GB/80GB+160GB+300GB Sun Ultra 10 2 x 80GB (old, but in top-notch condition) PS3 160GB iPod Classic 2 x 8GB iPod Touch Observations: Part of the problem is our dual use of Windows and OS X - we can't go for a pure NT style roaming profile. Because the server is also used for hosting test/beta applications and a SQL Server db, it can't be dedicated to file serving. The two Macs really could do with sharing a roaming profile or similar. I'd love to be able to do something useful with the Ultra 10. My other half has been trying to throw it away for over five years now and regularly ask what function it serves in my study :-( I've got no shortage of 500GB external USB hard drives iMovie files are very large and ideally would be processed on a RAID system. Apple's TimeMachine isn't so great. If anyone could suggest all or part of a setup that would fulfil some of my requirements I'd be very grateful. I am willing to consider purchasing one or two more bits of kit (an Apple TV and a Squeezebox have been moted by friends) if they will help make efficiencies rather than add to the chaos and confusion. Thanks for looking.

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  • In search of a network file system with extended caching to speed up file access

    - by Brecht Machiels
    I'm running a small home server that stores my documents. The disks in this server are in a RAID 1 configuration (using Linux md) and it's also periodically being backup up to an external hard drive to make sure I don't lose them. However, I'm always accessing the files from other computers on the home network using an SMB share, and this results in a considerable speed penalty (especially when connected over WLAN). This is quite annoying when editing large files, such as digital camera RAWs, for example. I've been looking for a solution to this problem. It would have to offer some kind of local caching to speed up the file access. The client would preferably not keep a copy of all data on the server, as it consists of a very large collection of photographs, most of which I will not access frequently. Instead, it should only cache the accessed files and sync the changes back in the background. Ideally, it would also do some smart read-ahead (cache the files that are in the same directory as the currently opened file, for examples), but I suppose that's asking a bit much. Synchronization should be automatic (on file change). Conflicting file changes (at the same time on different clients) are unlikely to happen in my use case, but I would prefer if they are handled properly (notification to the user). I've come across the following options, so far: something similar to Dropbox. iFolder seems to be the only thing that comes close, but its reputation (stability) and requirements put me off. A distributed file system such as OpenAFS. I'm not sure this will speed up file access. It is probably overkill for what I need. Maybe NFS or even Samba offer these possibilities. I read a bit about Windows' Offline Files, but its operation seems limited (at least on Windows XP). As this is just for personal use, I'm not willing to spend a lot of money. A free solution would be preferred. Also, the server needs to run on Linux, and I need a client for at least Windows.

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  • Low framerate on background apps

    - by user1698923
    My problem is that when a game is running in the foreground, in Full Screen mode, any applications on my second monitor (such as youtube videos, videos, not app specific) drop their frame-rate to about 2-3 FPS. It seems like some sort of power management option that I can't track down. As far as I can tell, it's not due to the GPU not being able to keep up. For instance, my PC can play League of Legends at about 280FPS when the framerate is uncapped. If i cap it at 60FPS using the in-game option, it has no affect on the performance of the background app. Summary Operating System Windows 8 Pro 64-bit CPU Intel Core i7 3820 @ 3.60GHz 42 °C Sandy Bridge-E 32nm Technology RAM 12.0GB Triple-Channel DDR3 @ 533MHz (7-7-7-20) Motherboard Gigabyte Technology Co., Ltd. X79-UD3 (SOCKET 0) 37 °C Graphics DELL U2713HM (2560x1440@59Hz) DELL U2713HM (2560x1440@59Hz) 1280MB NVIDIA GeForce GTX 570 (Gigabyte) 58 °C Hard Drives 212GB Volume0 (RAID) 1863GB Western Digital WDC WD20EARS-00MVWB0 (SATA) 36 °C 1863GB Western Digital WDC WD20EARS-00MVWB0 (SATA) 34 °C Optical Drives No optical disk drives detected Audio ASUS Xonar Essence STX Audio Device Operating System Windows 8 Pro 64-bit Computer type: Desktop Graphics Monitor 1 Name DELL U2713HM on NVIDIA GeForce GTX 570 Current Resolution 2560x1440 pixels Work Resolution 2560x1400 pixels State Enabled, Output devices support Multiple displays Extended, Secondary, Enabled Monitor Width 2560 Monitor Height 1440 Monitor BPP 32 bits per pixel Monitor Frequency 59 Hz Device \\.\DISPLAY4\Monitor0 Monitor 2 Name DELL U2713HM on NVIDIA GeForce GTX 570 Current Resolution 2560x1440 pixels Work Resolution 2560x1400 pixels State Enabled, Output devices support Multiple displays Extended, Primary, Enabled Monitor Width 2560 Monitor Height 1440 Monitor BPP 32 bits per pixel Monitor Frequency 59 Hz Device \\.\DISPLAY5\Monitor0 NVIDIA GeForce GTX 570 Manufacturer NVIDIA Model GeForce GTX 570 GPU GF110 Device ID 10DE-1086 Revision A2 Subvendor Gigabyte (1458) Series GeForce GTX 500 Current Performance Level Level 3 Current GPU Clock 845 MHz Current Memory Clock 1900 MHz Current Shader Clock 1690 MHz Voltage 0.988 V Technology 40 nm Die Size 520 mm² Release Date Dec 07, 2010 DirectX Support 11.0 OpenGL Support 5.0 Bus Interface PCI Express x16 Temperature 57 °C Driver version 9.18.13.2018 BIOS Version 70.10.55.00.01 ROPs 40 Shaders 512 unified Memory Type GDDR5 Memory 1280 MB Bus Width 64x5 (320 bit) Filtering Modes 16x Anisotropic Noise Level Moderate Max Power Draw 219 Watts Count of performance levels : 3 Level 1 - "Default" GPU Clock 50 MHz Memory Clock 135 MHz Shader Clock 101 MHz Level 2 - "2D Desktop" GPU Clock 405 MHz Memory Clock 324 MHz Shader Clock 810 MHz Level 3 - "3D Applications" GPU Clock 845 MHz Memory Clock 1900 MHz Shader Clock 1690 MHz Things I've tried: 1) Updating the graphics driver 2) Setting windows power mode to High Performance 3) Reset Nvidia Global Performance settings to default

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  • Windows 7 x64 installation freezes on new PC build

    - by jhsowter
    Symptoms While attempting to install Windows 7 (64 bit) on my new PC build, it freezes usually at the point where it is expanding the windows image, but has frozen as early as accepting the licence agreement, and as late as just after the first restart. My specs are at the bottom of the post. So far I have tried the following to identify the problem, in rough chronological order: Tried different hard drives with different sata cables. Same symptoms. I later used a different computer to install windows on the same hard drive with no problems. Tried the RAM in different slots, and tried one RAM stick instead of two. Same symptoms. Updated the BIOS to 1.60. Same symptoms. Ran Memtest86+ with RAM in dual channel. It passed about 6 times when I left it running overnight. Used USB to install windows instead of an optical drive. Same symptoms. Change SATA configuration from AHCI to IDE. Same symptoms. Tried various different SATA ports. Same symptoms. Updated BIOS to 1.70. Same symptoms. I saw the RAM did not list my motherboard as being supported even though the motherboard did list the RAM as being supported. So I tried some Kingston DDR3 1333MHz RAM instead. Same symptoms. Other (possibly) pertinent information My CPU idles at about 30 °C. I can't tell what it gets to when it's working. When I installed the CPU, the lever which locks the CPU in place took quite a bit of force to pull down. Now I didn't just yank it down without rechecking the CPU was seated properly about 5 times, but it does seems unusual, and I wonder if the CPU was seated badly if I would see these symptoms? I am out of ideas and don't know how to diagnose any further. I suppose either the motherboard or CPU must be the problem. I am on the verge of taking it to a specialist. The Question How should I proceed from here? Is there anything I can rule out as being the source of the symptoms I am seeing? My Specs CPU: Intel i5 3570k RAM: G.Skill RipjawsX 8GB kit HDD: single 3.5" 500GB SATA or 160GB 2.5" SATA (at different times and sometime together. But no RAID or anything). MB: ASRock Extreme4 Z77 PSU: Silverstone Strider Plus 600W ST60F-P

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  • Optimal setup for ASUS P6X58D Premium BIOS (no OC)?

    - by rumtscho
    Normally, I'd trust the mainboard manufacturer to choose the best options as defaults. But I had trouble with the board, because even with Quick Boot enabled, it booted twice as slowly as a Pentium 4 Celeron. Then I changed lots of options at once (most of them weren't explained in the manual, just mentioned with a single sentence) and the boot time is only marginally worse than the Pentium 4 (54 sec against 46 sec from button to pw entering screen). Now I don't know if I have turned something off which should have stayed on. I guess I even won't be able to boot from a CD now, because even though it is present in the boot sequence, I took off a timeout I think it needs to check whether there is a disk in the drive. The second reason is that I don't have an internal HDD, only a SSD. I forgot my sources blush but I am under the impression that today's BIOS and OS options are geared toward booting from a HDD, which is often less than optimal when one boots from a SSD, especially when there are functions which cause avoidable writing cycles, as a SSD wears out after too many writing cycles. Most of the things I've read concern the OS, but there are some BIOS-relevant options too. I am especially confused about the disk mode. The board supports AHCI, IDE-simulation and RAID, but of the different articles I've read, there is a proponent for each and no clear arguments for any. So can one tell me which options are important in general and which are important for a SSD-only system? I don't want to overclock the CPU, so you don't have to say anything about this (yes I know the board is meant for OC:)). I am thinking of overclocking the RAM, since they sold me 1600er heatsinked modules which are running at 1066 now, but I'm not sure yet about that. The rest of the system: i7-930, Intel X25-m G2, 6 GB RAM, GTS 250, some no-name Blue-ray ROM. 2 external HDDs over USB 2.0. Lots of other USB-connected hardware (12 devices I think), no SATA 3 drives (will disabling the controller have an impact on performance?), no LAN, only WiFi. Lucid Lynx 64 bit, no dual boot, no virtual installations. The main uses of the system are: managing and playing/showing all the media stored on the external disks, lots of image manipulation, some video editing, a bit of (non-demanding) gaming, rarely development. Lots of Internet surfing too, but this shouldn't have much impact on performance.

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  • Log - Server kernel: INFO: task httpd:000000 blocked for more than 120 seconds

    - by valter
    Almost everyday my server is crashing due to hight server load, and even restarting apache or mysql can't solve the problem. I need to reboot the server to solve, or it crash again due to the high load. The log system records something like this when it crashes: Aug 11 18:33:53 server kernel: INFO: task httpd:20008 blocked for more than 120 seconds. Aug 11 18:33:53 server kernel: "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message. Aug 11 18:33:53 server kernel: httpd D ffffffff801538ac 0 20008 5816 20066 19809 (NOTLB) Aug 11 18:33:53 server kernel: ffff81025a299dc8 0000000000000082 ffff81033b4c0740 ffffffff80009a14 Aug 11 18:33:53 server kernel: ffff8101063f8d80 0000000000000009 ffff8100b758f7e0 ffff8101c57187e0 Aug 11 18:33:53 server kernel: 00009436d4100b6c 000000000001d50f ffff8100b758f9c8 000000083b531588 Aug 11 18:33:53 server kernel: Call Trace: Aug 11 18:33:53 server kernel: [<ffffffff80009a14>] __link_path_walk+0x173/0xfb9 Aug 11 18:33:53 server kernel: [<ffffffff8002cc16>] mntput_no_expire+0x19/0x89 Aug 11 18:33:53 server kernel: [<ffffffff80063c4f>] __mutex_lock_slowpath+0x60/0x9b Aug 11 18:33:53 server kernel: [<ffffffff80023908>] __path_lookup_intent_open+0x56/0x97 Aug 11 18:33:53 server kernel: [<ffffffff80063c99>] .text.lock.mutex+0xf/0x14 Aug 11 18:33:53 server kernel: [<ffffffff8001b21f>] open_namei+0xea/0x712 Aug 11 18:33:54 server kernel: [<ffffffff8002768a>] do_filp_open+0x1c/0x38 Aug 11 18:33:54 server kernel: Firewall: *UDP_IN Blocked* IN=eth1 OUT= MAC=ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:00:30:48:9e:6e:99:08:00 SRC=208.43.135.158 DST=255.255.255.255 LEN=151 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=0 DF PROTO=UDP SPT=38354 DPT=6112 LEN=131 Aug 11 18:33:54 server kernel: [<ffffffff8001a061>] do_sys_open+0x44/0xbe Aug 11 18:33:54 server kernel: [<ffffffff8005d28d>] tracesys+0xd5/0xe0 I googled a lot trying to find a solution. But it looks that the solution is just to update the kernel or disk driver, thinks that I don't know how to do. In this url http://bugs.centos.org/view.php?id=4515 a lot o people report similar problems, except the fact that they are not related to httpd like mine. According to one member, one solution would be to add "elevator=noop " to /etc/grub.conf like in this example: title CentOS (2.6.18-238.12.1.el5xen) root (hd0,0) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.18-238.12.1.el5xen ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 elevator=noop initrd /initrd-2.6.18-238.12.1.el5xen.img Would this really solve the problem? My disk are working in RAID. Can this cause some problem to my server? Is there any other solution?

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  • Debugging IO limitation

    - by Martin F
    I have a Fedora box with some severe IO limitations which I have no idea how to debug. The server has a Areca Technology Corp. ARC-1130 12-Port PCI-X to SATA RAID Controller with 12 7200 RPM 1.5 TB disks and a Marvell Technology Group Ltd. 88E8050 PCI-E ASF Gigabit Ethernet Controller. uname -a output: 2.6.32.11-99.fc12.x86_64 #1 SMP Mon Apr 5 19:59:38 UTC 2010 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux The server is a file server running Nginx with the stub status module enabled, so I can see the current amount of connections. The problem present itself when I have a high number of simultaneous connections in a writing state. Usually around 350, at this very moment it's at 590 and the server is almost unusable and stuck at 230mbit/s. If I run stop and hit 1 to see CPU core usages I have all 4 cores with around 99% io wait, if I run iotop the nginx workers are the only processes producing any read load, currently at around 25MB/s. I have each of the workers bound to their own core. Initially I figured it was just the disks being bugged. But I've run fscheck and smartmontools checks and found no errors. I also ran an iozone test which you can see the result of here: http://www.pastie.org/951667.txt?key=fimcvljulnuqy2dcdxa Additionally, when the amount of connections are low I have no problem getting a good speed. If I wget over the local network it easily hits 60MB/sec. Right now I just tried putting a file in /dev/shm, then I symlinked a file from the public dir to it and used wget over the local network and only got 50KB/s. Also, if I try to cp /dev/shm/test /root/test it quickly copies around 740MB and then slows down HEAVILY. Again with iotop reporting 99% iowait. I'm not really sure how to go about figuring out what the problems are. It could be a natural disk limitation but then the file from /dev/shm ought to transfer so it seems there's a network limit, but that's fine when there's not many connections. Perhaps it's a TCP stack problem but I really have no idea how to check that. Any suggestions on how to proceed with debugging would be very welcome. If additional information is required then let me know and I'll try to get it. Thanks.

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  • Win 8: Adding a boot volume to an MBR dynamic disk [NOT about changing to basic disks]

    - by Stilez
    (This is NOT aiming to convert to basic disk. In this question, the disk stays dynamic but becomes bootable) There doesn't seem to be a clear, well stated answer I can find, for the question "What are the criteria for Windows 8 to successfully boot from an MBR dynamic disk", or "how do I fix a dynamic MBR partition that's failing boot"? I've tried to educate myself but can't find crucial information to clear it all up. My existing HDD/SSD setup: DISK 0 ~ 60GB SSD/MBR/basic: (350MB recovery)(60GB windows 8 bootable) DISK 1 ~ 512GB SSD/MBR/dynamic: (350MB recovery)(60GB unallocated)(410GB mirrored data) DISK 2 ~ 512GB SSD/MBR/dynamic: (350MB recovery)(60GB unallocated)(410GB mirrored data) DISKS 3, 4, 5: (ignored for simplicity: 2xHDD RAID1 + caching SSD) I'm heavy duty on data crunching and virtualisation, just maxxed out 32GB RAM @ 2133 and moved to 4960X + 64GB. Disk 0 is a pure system disk of little value, and virtualisations runs off mirrored SSDs (Samsung 840 Pro 512 x 2) for double speed reading and so they snapshot in reasonable time. I'm using 4 SATA3 ports and the board only has two decent Intel ports (onboard Marvell are poorer quality). I'm wary of choosing between LSI, HighPoint and other 3rd party controllers as I'm unfamiliar with the maze of decent RAID cards (that's a whole other issue!). I want to cut down my SSD needs by moving the boot volume and caching volume to the 840 pros, giving a setup with 2 fewer SSDs: DISK 0 ~ 512GB SSD/MBR/dynamic: (350MB recovery)(60GB boot)(410GB mirrored data) DISK 1 ~ 512GB SSD/MBR/dynamic: (350MB recovery)(30GB cache for the ICH10R mirror)(30GB temp)(410GB mirrored data) DISKS 2, 3: (2xHDD RAID1) Intel's RST allows this, Win 8 allows booting off a MBR/dynamic disk, and the two 60GB SSDs are hardly the fastest SSDs anyway, they'll get repurposed. Moving the caching volume is easy. Moving the boot volume has me stumped. The difficulty is, I'm hitting a wall of knowledge here. I have a UEFI Asus motherboard with an previous traditional MBR/basic boot disk, and I want it to boot from a disk and volume that's MBR/dynamic. The disk copy is physically ok (Partition Wizard Server will copy to dynamic volumes) but then hits a light blue 0xc000000e boot error. No real surprise, I expected to have some boot fixing, but had expected Windows to boot-fix it (all drivers exist), or the usual manual fixes to work. Specifically, I don't know enough, to know what's got to be manually checked and perhaps corrected for the disk to boot (legacy/uefi/bios, odd partitions, boot tables, disk IDs, hidden boot files, oh my!), or if I need to change any of this secure boot/UEFI/legacy stuff in the bios, convert a 512 SSD to basic and then back to dynamic when working, or if the issue is pure OS config using "diskpart", "bootsect" and "bootrec" from the Win8 DVD. The old system disk still boots but I don't know enough to figure what to fix, to make the system boot as I want. The answers probably aren't hard but the real issue is my confusion and missing information. Thanks for helping!

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  • Windows Setup could not configure Windows to run on this computer's hardware

    - by Hello71
    The whole installation goes smoothly up to the point of "Completing installation ...". The monitor changes resolution, after which a standard dialog box pops up saying Windows Setup could not configure Windows to run on this computer's hardware Then, in a few seconds, the whole machine powers down. Trying to restart produces the message: STOP: c000021a {Fatal System Error} 0x00000000 (0xc0000001 0x00100448) OR it boots into Setup and comes up with the message: Windows Setup encountered an unexpected error... (This is not the actual error, just paraphrasing) I tried using the OEM restore instead of a regular install, but it fails with the same error. (Even though it worked before...) General specs: HP Pavilion Elite e9262f Intel Core i5-750 Processor ATI Radeon HD 4650 Hitachi HDT721010SLA360 ATA Device 6GB DDR3 RAM SuperMulti DVD Burner with LightScribe Some built-in Wi-Fi module http://h10025.www1.hp.com/ewfrf/wc/document?docname=c01916917 I've tried disconnecting the wireless card and disabling the built-in Ethernet and Firewire via the BIOS, and replacing the wireless keyboard and mouse with wired USB ones. Didn't work. I've also tried changing the SATA controller settings in the BIOS to RAID, AHCI, and IDE, reinstalling each time I changed. Still not working. I think the reason why it is showing the Fatal System Error is because it didn't finish installing before it errored out and shut down, so the system is left in an inconsistent state. I've tried 3 different copies (including the OEM restore) of Windows 7 now, and they're all failing at the same point, with the same error message. I've tried to install Windows 7 maybe 10 times already, with the exact same error message at the exact same location. Hm... Interestingly, the 32-bit version of Windows 7 works, but the 64-bit version doesn't. Perhaps it was a badly burned disk? Reburning the 64-bit version still comes up with the same error. Here's a picture of the side of the case that clearly says it came with Windows 7 64-bit, along with the model number and CPU. sudo fdisk -l: Disk /dev/sda: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0009896f Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 13 104391 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sda2 14 94119 755906445 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sda3 119922 121602 13492224 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sda4 94120 119922 207257740+ 5 Extended /dev/sda5 119527 119922 3170769 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda6 107174 119526 99225441 83 Linux /dev/sda7 94120 107173 104856192 7 HPFS/NTFS Partition table entries are not in disk order

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  • Need advice on which PCI SATA Controller Card to Purchase

    - by Matt1776
    I have a major issue with the build of a machine I am trying to get up and running. My goal is to create a file server that will service the needs of my software development, personal media storage and streaming/media server needs, as well as provide a strong platform for backing up all this data in a routine, cron-job oriented German efficiency sort of way. The issue is a simple one - all my drives are SATA drives and my motherboard controller only contains 4 ports. Solving the issue has proven to be an unmitigated nightmare. I would like advice on the purchase of the following: 4 Port internal SATA / 2 Port external eSATA PCI SATA Controller Card that has the following features and/or advantages: It must function. If I plug it in and attach drives, I expect my system to still make it to the Operating System login screen. It must function on CentOS, and I mean it must function WELL and with MINIMAL hassle. If hassle is unavoidable, there shall be CLEAR CUT and EASY TO FOLLOW instructions on how to install drivers and other supporting software. I do not need nor want fakeRAID - I will be setting up any RAID configurations from within the operating system. Now, if I am able to find such a mythical device, I would be eternally grateful to whomever would be able to point me in the right direction, a direction which I assume will be paved with yellow bricks. I am prepared to pay a considerable sum of money (as SATA controller cards go) and so paying anywhere between 60 to 120 dollars will not be an issue whatsoever. Does such a magical device exist? The following link shows an "example" of the type of thing I am looking for, however, I have no way of verifying that once I plug this baby in that my system will still continue to function once I've attached the drives, or that once I've made it to the OS, I will be able to install whatever drivers or software programs I need to make it work with relative ease. It doesn't have to be dog-shit simple, but it cannot involve kernels or brain surgery. http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00552PLN4/ref=pd_lpo_k2_dp_sr_1?pf_rd_p=486539851&pf_rd_s=lpo-top-stripe-1&pf_rd_t=201&pf_rd_i=B003GSGMPU&pf_rd_m=ATVPDKIKX0DER&pf_rd_r=1HJG60XTZFJ48Z173HKY So does anyone have a suggestion regarding the subject I am asking about? PCI SATA Controller Cards? It would help if you've had experience with the component before - that is after all why I am asking here - for those who have had experience that I do not have. Bear in mind that this is for a home setup and that I do not have a company credit card. I have a budget with a 'relative' upper limit of about $150.00.

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  • OS X server large scale storage and backup

    - by user135217
    I really hope this question doesn't come across as trolling or asking for buying advice. It's not intended. I've just started working for a small ad agency (40 employees). I actually quit being a system administrator a few years ago (too stressful!), but the company we're currently outsourcing our IT stuff to is doing such a bad job that I've felt compelled to get involved and do what I can to improve things. At the moment, all the company's data is stored on an 8TB external firewire drive attached to a Mac Mini running OS X Server 10.6, which provides filesharing (using AFP) for the whole company. There is a single backup drive, which is actually a caddy containing two 3TB hard drives arranged in RAID 0 (arrggghhhh!), which someone brings in as and when and copies over all the data using Carbon Copy Cloner. That's the entirety of the infrastructure, and the whole backup and restore strategy. I've been having sleepless nights. I've just started augmenting the backup process with FreeBSD, ZFS, sparse bundles and snapshot sends to get everything offsite. I think this is a workable behind the scenes solution, but for people's day to day use I'm struggling. Given the quantity and importance of the data, I think we should really be looking towards enterprise level storage solutions, high availability and so on, but the whole company is all Mac all the time, and I cannot find equipment that will do what we need. No more Xserve; no rack storage; no large scale storage at all apart from that Pegasus R6 that doesn't seem all that great; the Mac Pro has fibre channel, but it's not a real server and it's ludicrously expensive; Xsan looks like it's on the way out; things like heartbeatd and failoverd have apparently been removed from Lion Server; the new Mac Mini only has thunderbolt which severely limits our choices; the list goes on and on. I'm really, really not trying to troll here. I love Macs, but I just genuinely don't know where I'm supposed to look for server stuff. I have considered Linux or FreeBSD and netatalk for serving files with all the server-y goodness those OSes bring, but some the things I've read make me wonder if it's really the way to go. Also, in my own (admittedly quite cursory) experiments with it, I've struggled to get decent transfer speeds. I guess there's also the possibility of switching everyone off AFP and making them use SMB or NFS, but I understand that this can cause big problems with resource forks and file locks. I figure there must be plenty of all Mac companies out there. If you're the sysadmin at one, what do you use? Any suggestions very gratefully received.

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  • Should use EXT4 or XFS to be able to 'sync'/backup to S3?

    - by Rafa
    It's my first message here, so bear with me... (I have already checked quite a few of the "Related Questions" suggested by the editor) Here's the setup, a brand new dedicated server (8GB RAM, some 140+ GB disk, Raid 1 via HW controller, 15000 RPM) it's a production web server (with MySQL in it, too, not just serving web requests); not a personal desktop computer or similar. Ubuntu Server 64bit 10.04 LTS We have an Amazon EC2+EBS setup with the EBS volume formatted as XFS for easily taking snapshots to S3, via AWS' console. We are now migrating to the dedicated server and I want to be able to backup our data to Amazon's S3. The main reason being the possibility of using the latest snapshot from an EC2 instance in case of hardware failure on the dedicated server. There are two approaches I am thinking of: do a "simple" file-based backup with rsync, dumping the database' and other files, and uploading to amazon via S3 API commands, or to an EC2 instance, or something. do a file-system "freeze" (using XFS) with the usual ebs/ec2 snapshot tool to take part of the file system, take a snapshot, and upload it to Amazon. Here's my question (or series of questions): Can I safely use XFS for the whole system as the main and only format on the dedicated server? If not, is it safe to use EXT4? Or should I use something else? would then be possible to make snapshots of the system to upload to Amazon? Is it possible/feasible/practical to do what I want to do, anyway? any recommendations? When searching around for S3/EBS/XFS, anything relevant to my problem is usually focused on taking snapshots of a XFS system that is already an EBS volume. My intention is to do it in a "real"/metal dedicated server. Update: I just saw this on Wikipedia: XFS does not provide direct support for snapshots, as it expects the snapshot process to be implemented by the volume manager. I had always assumed that I could choose 2 ways of doing snapshots: via LVM or via XFS (without LVM). After reading this, I realize these 2 options are more like it: With XFS: 1) do xfs_freeze; 2) copy the frozen files via, eg, rsync; 3) unfreeze xfs With LVM and XFS: 1) do xfs_freeze; 2) make a binary copy of the frozen fs via lvcreate and related commands; 3) unfreeze xfs; 4) somehow backup the LVM snapshot. Thanks a lot in advance, Let me know if I need to clarify something.

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  • Newly configured MSSQL2008, TIME_WAIT but no ESTABLISHED?

    - by 3molo
    Windows 2008 R2, standard. No firewall locally on it. Newly setup because an old SQL2000 had two disks die (or could it be the raid controller?) at the same time. Luckily, I had fresh backups. The databases have been restored, and SP2 for SQL2008 applied. I can see various hosts trying to establish a session, but the (customer) sites does not work and I don't see the expected established sessions. A wireshark reveals a full three-way handshake. Since it's customer machines connecting, I cannot logon to them and restart application pools.. What on earth could be causing this? No. Time Source Destination Protocol Info 1 0.000000 1.2.5.127 1.2.6.133 TCP desktop-dna > ms-sql-s [SYN] Seq=0 Win=65535 Len=0 MSS=1380 SACK_PERM=1 Frame 1: 62 bytes on wire (496 bits), 62 bytes captured (496 bits) Ethernet II, Src: Cisco_31:5e:09 (00:26:0b:31:5e:09), Dst: Vmware_b7:00:05 (00:50:56:b7:00:05) Internet Protocol, Src: 1.2.5.127 (1.2.5.127), Dst: 1.2.6.133 (1.2.6.133) Transmission Control Protocol, Src Port: desktop-dna (2763), Dst Port: ms-sql-s (1433), Seq: 0, Len: 0 No. Time Source Destination Protocol Info 2 0.000123 1.2.6.133 1.2.5.127 TCP ms-sql-s > desktop-dna [SYN, ACK] Seq=0 Ack=1 Win=8192 Len=0 MSS=1460 SACK_PERM=1 Frame 2: 62 bytes on wire (496 bits), 62 bytes captured (496 bits) Ethernet II, Src: Vmware_b7:00:05 (00:50:56:b7:00:05), Dst: Cisco_31:5e:09 (00:26:0b:31:5e:09) Internet Protocol, Src: 1.2.6.133 (1.2.6.133), Dst: 1.2.5.127 (1.2.5.127) Transmission Control Protocol, Src Port: ms-sql-s (1433), Dst Port: desktop-dna (2763), Seq: 0, Ack: 1, Len: 0 No. Time Source Destination Protocol Info 3 0.000884 1.2.5.127 1.2.6.133 TCP desktop-dna > ms-sql-s [ACK] Seq=1 Ack=1 Win=65535 Len=0 And netstat TCP 1.2.6.133:1433 1.2.2.98:26895 TIME_WAIT 0 TCP 1.2.6.133:1433 1.2.2.98:26912 TIME_WAIT 0 TCP 1.2.6.133:1433 1.2.2.98:26918 TIME_WAIT 0 TCP 1.2.6.133:1433 1.2.2.98:26931 TIME_WAIT 0 TCP 1.2.6.133:1433 1.2.5.127:2736 TIME_WAIT 0 TCP 1.2.6.133:1433 1.2.5.127:2737 TIME_WAIT 0 TCP 1.2.6.133:1433 1.2.5.127:2738 TIME_WAIT 0 TCP 1.2.6.133:1433 1.2.5.127:2739 TIME_WAIT 0

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  • Monitoring tools that can take high rate and high volume?

    - by Jon Watte
    We're using Cacti with RRDTool to monitor and graph about 100,000 counters spread across about 1,000 Linux-based nodes. However, our current setup generally only gives us 5-minute graphs (with some data being minute-based); we often make changes where seeing feedback in "near real time" would be of value. I'd like approximately a week of 5- or 10-second data, a year of 1-minute data, and 5 years of 10-minute data. I have SSD disks and a dual-hexa-core server to spare. I tried setting up a Graphite/carbon/whisper server, and had about 15 nodes pipe to it, but it only has "average" for the retention function when promoting to older buckets. This is almost useless -- I'd like min, max, average, standard deviation, and perhaps "total sum" and "number of samples" or perhaps "95th percentile" available. The developer claims there's a new back-end "in beta" that allows you to write your own function, but this appears to still only do 1:1 retention (when saving older data, you really want the statistics calculated into many streams from a single input. Also, "in beta" seems a little risky for this installation. If I'm wrong about this assumption, I'd be happy to be shown my error! I've heard Zabbix recommended, but it puts data into MySQL or some other SQL database. 100,000 counters on a 5 second interval means 20,000 tps, and while I have an SSD, I don't have an 8-way RAID-6 with battery backup cache, which I think I'd need for that to work out :-) Again, if that's actually something that's not a problem, I'd be happy to be shown the error of my ways. Also, can Zabbix do the single data stream - promote with statistics thing? Finally, Munin claims to have a new 2.0 coming out "in beta" right now, and it boasts custom retention plans. However, again, it's that "in beta" part -- has anyone used that for real, and at scale? How did it perform, if so? I'm almost thinking about using a graphing front-end (such as Graphite) and rolling my own retention backend with a simple layer on top of mmap() and some stats. That wouldn't be particularly hard, and would probably perform very well, letting the kernel figure out the balance between frequency of flushing to disk and process operations. Any other suggestions I should look into? Note: it has to have shown itself able to sustain the kinds of data loads I'm suggesting above; if you can point at the specific implementation you're referencing, so much the better!

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  • I want to virtualize my workstation (Tier 1), Looking for Bare Metal Hypervisor for consumer grade components

    - by Chase Florell
    I find myself in this similar bind at least once a year. The bind whereby I'm either upgrading a motherboard, or an OS hard drive. It drives me crazy to have to reinstall Windows, Visual Studio, all my addins, reconfigure my settings etc... every single time. I have a layout and I like and I want to stick with it. My question is... Is there a Bare Metal Hypervisor on the market that will enable me to virtualize my consumer grade workstation? I really want to avoid Host/Client virtualization. Bare Metal is definitely a better way to go for my needs. Is this a good approach, or am I going to suffer some other undesirable side effects by doing this? Clarification My machine has very limited purposes. My primary use is Visual Studio 2010 Professional where I develop ASP.NET MVC Web Applications. The second piece of software that I use (that's system intensive) is Photoshop CS3. Beyond that, my applications are limited to Outlook, Internet Explorer, Firefox, Opera, Chrome, LinqPad, and various other (small) apps. Beyond this, I'm considering working on a node.js project and might run ubuntu on the same hypervisor if possible. System Specs: Gigabyte Motherboard Intel i7 920 12 GB Ram basic 500GB 7200RPM HDD for OS 4 VelociRaptors in Raid 1/0 for build disk Dual GTS250 (512MB) Graphics cards (non SLI) for quad monitors On a side note I also wouldn't be opposed to an alternative suggestion if the limitations are too great. I could install the ESXi (or Zen Server) on my box, and build a separate "thin client" to RDP into the virtual machine. It appears as though RDP supports dual monitors. Edit (Dec 9, 2011) It's been nearly a year since I first asked this question. Since then, there have been a lot of great strides in Hypervisor technology... AND MokaFive is now released for corporate use. I'd love to dig into this question a little more and find out if there is a solid BareMetal Hypervisor for workstations running consumer grade components (IE: not Dell, HP, Lenovo, Etc).

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  • How do you backup 40+ Centos5.5 servers?

    - by John Little
    We are embarrassed to ask this question. Apologies for our lack of UNIX expertise. We have inherited 40+ centos 5.5 servers, and don't know how to back them up. We need low level clone type images so that we could restore the servers from scratch if we had to replace the HDs etc. We have used the "dd" command, but we assume this only works if you want to back up one local disk to another, not 40 servers to one server with an external USB HD attached. All 40 servers have a pair of mirrored disks (dont know if its HW or SW raid). Most only have 100MB used. SErvers are running apache, zend, tomcat, mysql etc. Ideally we dont want to have to shut them down to backup (but could). We assume that standard unix commands like tar, cpio, rsync, scp etc. are of no use as they only copy files, not partitions, all attributes, groups etc. i.e. do not produce a result which can simply be re-imaged to a new HD to get the serer back from dead. We have a large SAN, a spare windows box and spare unix boxes, but these are only visible to one layer in the network. We have an unused Dell DL2000 monster tape unit, but no sw or documentation for it. WE have a copy of symantec backup exec, but we have no budget for unix client licenses. (The company has negative amounts of money). We need to be able to initiate the backup remotely, as we can only access the servers in person in an emergency (i.e. to restore) Googling returns some applications to do this, e.g. clonezilla - looks difficult to install and invasive. Mondo, only seems to support backup if you are local to the machine. Amanda might be an option, but looks like days/weeks of work to learn and setup? Is there anything built into Centos, or do we have to go the route of installing, learning and configuring a set of backup softwares? Any ideas? This must be a pretty standard problem which goggling doesnt give an obvious answer.

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  • Sharing files between multiple sites using only desktop software

    - by perlyking
    Our organisation has three sites; a head office, where the master copies of company files are stored, plus two branch offices using only workstations and a NAS or two. Currently we're talking about <10GB. At the main office, we have no admin access to the file server, as this is entirely controlled by the larger institution where we are located. For the same reason, we have no VPN remote access to this network. Instead, we simply have access to a network share using over a Novell LAN. Question: how can we share files between offices in way that minimises latency, i.e. that gives us a mirror of the main network share at each site? (There is little likelihood of concurrent editing, and we can live with the odd file conflict now and again). Up to now branch office staff have had to use GotoMyPC-type solutions to remotely access files held at the main office. Or email. I was hoping to use Google Drive on a dedicated workstation at each office to sync the contents of the network share (head office) or NAS (branch offices) via the cloud, but at my last attempt (29 Jun '12), the Google Drive installer would not allow me to designate the remote network share as the "target" folder. (I chose Google Drive over Drobbox et al. as we already use GMail for corporate mail) The next idea was to use a designated workstation at head office to mirror the network share to a local drive, then use Google Drive to push that to the cloud. This seems a step too far. Nor do I have any good ideas about how to achieve this network/local mirroring, as we can't, for example, install the rsync daemon on the server. I do not want to use Google Drive locally on each workstation as this will inconvenience users, and more importantly, move files off the backed-up, well-maintained (UPS, RAID etc) network share at head office. Our budget is only in the £100's. Should we perhaps just ditch the head office server and use something like JungleDisk? At least this presents the user with what appears to be a mapped drive.

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  • Windows server detected error with hard disk

    - by user53864
    We have hosting Windows server 2008 R2 and I am working as admin in small company. The server is hanging and restarting as the hard disk seems to be damaged due to power fluctutaion(though having inverter) as it's showing the below error message on server reboot: Problem detected with the hard disk Press any key to continue It's Seagate 1TB SATA hard disk and it's booting after pressing enter. So it's clear that the hard disk is dying. Yes, it's in warranty but it's fact that warranty won't recover the lincesed windows server 2008 and it's data. As it's booting now, I backed up required things and I am thinking to clone the entire hard disk. The first thing it striked me is checking on the Seagate site if any tool available for cloning and I found Seagate DiskWizard but not specified it for windows server 2008. Please anybody could help me giving your best ideas for the below: Urgently, What's the best way(free of cost) for me to clone in my case with the new same sized hard disk? It's a one time lincenced and I cannot use the same key again if I reinstall the server. Will the lincense be carried with new disk if cloned? else there is a way to contact Microsoft explaining the problem occurred, to obtain new key for no charge?. I want to take measure for future. How do I keep two disks in continuous sync? mirrored & raid are the only options converting the disks to dynamic? or is there a best way I could do with no additional charge?. Any help is greatly appreciated. Thank you! EDIT:1 I started cloning the disk with CloneZilla and it was going proper showing in GUI. But after some time there is no GUI but a black screen with some codes(looks like disk location numbers) going page by page(I have attached the screenshots below captured from my phone). Do you people think it's actually cloning?. I started in the morning and it's evening now. I left the office now to let it finish what it's trying to do and I'll go & check it tomorrow. Slowly lost hope, don't know what face it's going to show tomorrow. Any ideas?

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  • Windows 2003 Server Caching

    - by pablomedok
    We're experiencing almost everyday table index corruption on Windows Server 2003. We are running an old application which uses DBF/CDX tables. Everything was fine for ages, but 6 months after we've installed Advantage Database Server (which allows access to some tables to our website) we started to get index corruption problems. And we don't know whom to blame. We've tried to exclude all possible causes of this corruption. Now all users work in terminal mode - so no network problems can cause that, OpLocks also can't be a reason. We changed hardware, network cards, switches, reainstalled Server and even moved to new dedicated server. The only thing we can't exclude is ADS - because it should be working. Is that possible that local read/write caching that causes that problem? E.g. one user or process uses cached data, later another user/process changes it, and later the first user changes it again without knowing about the first change. Is it possible theoretically? Is it possible that this problem is caused by imporper file server or caching settings? Is it possible that normal users use non-cached data and ADS is using cached data? Or vice versa? Is it possible that each terminal user has its own cache? Or maybe the problem is about RAID caching somehow interfering with Windows Server caching? Or maybe there are some special settings for Windows Server for working with DBF tables that are being written simultaneously by several terminal users? Maybe there is a way to turn off caching for some certain files to check it? Sometimes we get index crash twice a day, sometimes everything is fine for 5 days in a row. Today only one user was working in the evening with the database (usually there are 30-50 users are working simultaneously on working hours). So it's almost zero load on server. , Syncronization with website is performed every 5 minutes during work hours and every 15 minutes in the evening and on weekend. We've done file access auditing and it shows that during website syncroniztions ADS server opens the table and index files for ReadEA and WriteEA though it performs only SELECT queries. ADS does UPDATE/INSERT queries but less freqently - not during regular synchronizations, but only when an order is placed by website visitor). Please help me. We are struggling with this problem for almost a year and still can't find any pattern or any clue about this problem. Here is my previous qestion about this issue on DBA: http://dba.stackexchange.com/questions/8646/foxpro-dbf-index-corruption

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  • What is the probable failure - no BSOD, no event log, monitors sleeping, force reboot required

    - by Tyler
    Every 3 to 15 days, my PC freezes. This typically happens when the computer is idle, I'm coming home from work, back from vacation, etc. It's never happened while using my computer. The monitors are in power save mode The Caps Lock light on the (wireless) keyboard doesn't work Ctrl-alt-del has no effect, mouse (wireless) has no effect The hardware reset button and single press of power putton have no effect Computer does not appear on the network No BSOD, no memory dump Event logs have no errors or indications of problems near the time of crash. Only messages after reboot indicating that there was a reboot without a clean shutdown. Windows is set to never put the computer to sleep (just the display) Here are the vital stats of the build: OS Windows 8 Pro 64-bit CPU Intel i5-2400 Mobo Intel BOXDP67DE Micro ATX GPU MSI N460GTX Cyclone768D5/OC RAM CORSAIR XMS3 8GB (2 x 4GB) CMX8GX3M2A1333C9 PSU SeaSonic X Series X650 Gold System Drive Samsung 840 Pro 256 GB SSD Data Drive 2 x Western Digital WD20EARS 2TB in hardware RAID 1 Optical Lite-On DVD burner IHAS424-98 And here is the story of how the problem developed and what I've done to diagnose: January 2011, system built with Windows 7 64-bit, runs great. March 2011, Intel replaced the mobo because of the bad sata controllers. October 2012, upgrade to Windows 8 (problems start shortly after). January 2013, system freezes and causes network to fail for the whole house. Unplug the network cable and other devices and PCs can use the internet. Plug it back in, internet goes away for everyone. Reboot and everything is fine. March 2013, install Intel Gigabit CT PCI-E NIC, disable mobo nic in bios. Network strangeness goes away. Freezes are less frequent. Memtest shows no problems (20 passes). Early June 2013, replace Antec PSU with SeaSonic PSU. Mid June 2013, replace OCZ Vertex 2 SSD with Samsung SSD. Late June 2013, get frustrated and hope the community has some good ideas (I'm running out of budget to replace parts). My next plan of attack is setting "Turn off display" to Never and using a screen saver to see how that reacts on the next freeze. It makes me sad to waste power for up to 15 days though. Has anyone out there seen a problem like this? Any ideas on what kind of malfunction would act this way? Ideas of other diagnostic steps to take?

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  • Cloud storage provider lost my data. How to back up next time?

    - by tomcam
    What do you do when cloud storage fails you? First, some background. A popular cloud storage provider (rhymes with Booger Link) damaged a bunch of my data. Getting it back was an uphill battle with all the usual accusations that it was my fault, etc. Finally I got the data back. Yes, I can back this up with evidence. Idiotically, I stayed with them, so I totally get that the rest of this is on me. The problem had been with a shared folder that works with all 12 computers my business and family use with the service. We'll call that folder the Tragic Briefcase. It is a sort of global folder that's publicly visible to all computers on the service. It's our main repository. Today I decided to deal with some residual effects of the Crash of '11. Part of the damage they did was that in just one of my computers (my primary, of course) all the documents in the Tragic Briefcase were duplicated in the Windows My Documents folder. I finally started deleting them. But guess what. Though they appeared to be duplicated in the file system, removing them from My Documents on the primary PC caused them to disappear from the Tragic Briefcase too. They efficiently disappeared from all the other computers' Tragic Briefcases as well. So now, 21 gigs of files are gone, and of course I don't know which ones. I want to avoid this in the future. Apart from using a different storage provider, the bigger picture is this: how do I back up my cloud data? A complete backup every week or so from web to local storage would cause me to exceed my ISP's bandwidth. Do I need to back up each of my 12 PCs locally? I do use Backupify for my primary Google Docs, but I have been storing taxes, confidential documents, Photoshop source, video source files, and so on using the web service. So it's a lot of data, but I need to keep it safe. Backup locally would also mean 2 backup drives or some kind of RAID per PC, right, because you can't trust a single point of failure? Assuming I move to DropBox or something of its ilk, what is the best way to make sure that if the next cloud storage provider messes up I can restore?

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  • SQL Express 2008 R2 on Amazon EC2 instance: tons of free memory, poor performance

    - by gravyface
    The old SQL Express 2005 was running on a low-end single Xeon CPU Dell server, RAID 5 7200 disks, 2 GB RAM (SBS 2003). I have not done any baseline measurements on the old physical server, but the Web app is used by half a dozen people (maybe 2 concurrently), so I figured "how bad can an Amazon EC2 instance be?". It's pretty horrible: a difference of 8 seconds of load time on one screen. First of all, I'm not a SQL guru, but here's what I've tried: Had a Small Instance, now running a c1.medium (High Cpu Medium) Windows 2008 32-bit R2 EBS-backed instance running IIS 7.5 and SQL Express 2008 R2. No noticeable improvement. Changed Page File from fixed 256 to Automatic. Setup a Striped Mirror from within Disk Management with two attached 1 GB EBS volumes. Moved database and transaction log, left everything else on the boot EBS volume. No noticeable change. Looked at memory, ~1000 MB of physical memory free (1.7 GB total). Changed SQL instance to use a minimum of 1024 RAM; restarted server, no change in memory usage. SQL still only using ~28MB of RAM(!). So I'm thinking: this database is tiny (28MB), why isn't the whole thing cached in RAM? Surely that would speed up performance. The transaction log is 241 MB. Seems kind of large in comparison -- has this not been committed? Is it a cause of performance degradation? I recall something about Recovery Models and log sizes somewhere in my travels, but not positive. Another thing: the old server was running SQL Express 2005. Not sure if that has any impact, but I tried changing the compatibility level from SQL 2000 to 2008, but that had no effect. Anyways, what else can I try here? Seems ridiculous to throw more virtual hardware at this thing. I know I/O is going to be rough on EBS volumes, but surely others are successfully running small .NET/SQL apps on reasonably priced instances?

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  • 8 Backup Tools Explained for Windows 7 and 8

    - by Chris Hoffman
    Backups on Windows can be confusing. Whether you’re using Windows 7 or 8, you have quite a few integrated backup tools to think about. Windows 8 made quite a few changes, too. You can also use third-party backup software, whether you want to back up to an external drive or back up your files to online storage. We won’t cover third-party tools here — just the ones built into Windows. Backup and Restore on Windows 7 Windows 7 has its own Backup and Restore feature that lets you create backups manually or on a schedule. You’ll find it under Backup and Restore in the Control Panel. The original version of Windows 8 still contained this tool, and named it Windows 7 File Recovery. This allowed former Windows 7 users to restore files from those old Windows 7 backups or keep using the familiar backup tool for a little while. Windows 7 File Recovery was removed in Windows 8.1. System Restore System Restore on both Windows 7 and 8 functions as a sort of automatic system backup feature. It creates backup copies of important system and program files on a schedule or when you perform certain tasks, such as installing a hardware driver. If system files become corrupted or your computer’s software becomes unstable, you can use System Restore to restore your system and program files from a System Restore point. This isn’t a way to back up your personal files. It’s more of a troubleshooting feature that uses backups to restore your system to its previous working state. Previous Versions on Windows 7 Windows 7′s Previous Versions feature allows you to restore older versions of files — or deleted files. These files can come from backups created with Windows 7′s Backup and Restore feature, but they can also come from System Restore points. When Windows 7 creates a System Restore point, it will sometimes contain your personal files. Previous Versions allows you to extract these personal files from restore points. This only applies to Windows 7. On Windows 8, System Restore won’t create backup copies of your personal files. The Previous Versions feature was removed on Windows 8. File History Windows 8 replaced Windows 7′s backup tools with File History, although this feature isn’t enabled by default. File History is designed to be a simple, easy way to create backups of your data files on an external drive or network location. File History replaces both Windows 7′s Backup and Previous Versions features. Windows System Restore won’t create copies of personal files on Windows 8. This means you can’t actually recover older versions of files until you enable File History yourself — it isn’t enabled by default. System Image Backups Windows also allows you to create system image backups. These are backup images of your entire operating system, including your system files, installed programs, and personal files. This feature was included in both Windows 7 and Windows 8, but it was hidden in the preview versions of Windows 8.1. After many user complaints, it was restored and is still available in the final version of Windows 8.1 — click System Image Backup on the File History Control Panel. Storage Space Mirroring Windows 8′s Storage Spaces feature allows you to set up RAID-like features in software. For example, you can use Storage Space to set up two hard disks of the same size in a mirroring configuration. They’ll appear as a single drive in Windows. When you write to this virtual drive, the files will be saved to both physical drives. If one drive fails, your files will still be available on the other drive. This isn’t a good long-term backup solution, but it is a way of ensuring you won’t lose important files if a single drive fails. Microsoft Account Settings Backup Windows 8 and 8.1 allow you to back up a variety of system settings — including personalization, desktop, and input settings. If you’re signing in with a Microsoft account, OneDrive settings backup is enabled automatically. This feature can be controlled under OneDrive > Sync settings in the PC settings app. This feature only backs up a few settings. It’s really more of a way to sync settings between devices. OneDrive Cloud Storage Microsoft hasn’t been talking much about File History since Windows 8 was released. That’s because they want people to use OneDrive instead. OneDrive — formerly known as SkyDrive — was added to the Windows desktop in Windows 8.1. Save your files here and they’ll be stored online tied to your Microsoft account. You can then sign in on any other computer, smartphone, tablet, or even via the web and access your files. Microsoft wants typical PC users “backing up” their files with OneDrive so they’ll be available on any device. You don’t have to worry about all these features. Just choose a backup strategy to ensure your files are safe if your computer’s hard disk fails you. Whether it’s an integrated backup tool or a third-party backup application, be sure to back up your files.

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  • 8 Mac System Features You Can Access in Recovery Mode

    - by Chris Hoffman
    A Mac’s Recovery Mode is for more than just reinstalling Mac OS X. You’ll find many other useful troubleshooting utilities here — you can use these even if your Mac can’t boot normally. To access Recovery Mode, restart your Mac and press and hold the Command + R keys during the boot-up process. This is one of several hidden startup options on a Mac. Reinstall Mac OS X Most people know Recovery Mode as the place you go to reinstall OS X on your Mac. Recovery Mode will download the OS X installer files from teh Intenret if you don’t have them locally, so they don’t take up space on your disk and you’ll never have to hunt for an opearign system disc. Better yet, it will download up-to-date installation files so you don’t have to spend hours installing operating system updates later. Microsoft could learn a lot from Apple here. Restore From a Time Machine Backup Instead of reinstalling OS X, you can choose to restore your Mac from a time machine backup. This is like restoring a system image on another operating system. You’ll need an external disk containing a backup image created on the current computer to do this. Browse the Web The Get Help Online link opens the Safari web browser to Apple’s documentation site. It’s not limited to Apple’s website, though — you can navigate to any website you like. This feature allows you to access and use a browser on your Mac even if it isn’t booting properly. It’s ideal for looking up troubleshooting information. Manage Your Disks The Disk Utility option opens the same Disk Utility you can access from within Mac OS X. It allows you to partition disks, format them, scan disks for problems, wipe drives, and set up drives in a RAID configuration. If you need to edit partitions from outside your operating system, you can just boot into the recovery environment — you don’t have to download a special partitioning tool and boot into it. Choose the Default Startup Disk Click the Apple menu on the bar at the top of your screen and select Startup Disk to access the Choose Startup Disk tool. Use this tool to choose your computer’s default startup disk and reboot into another operating system. For example, it’s useful if you have Windows installed alongside Mac OS X with Boot Camp. Add or Remove an EFI Firmware Password You can also add a firmware password to your Mac. This works like a BIOS password or UEFI password on a Windows or Linux PC. Click the Utilities menu on the bar at the top of your screen and select Firmware Password Utility to open this tool. Use the tool to turn on a firmware password, which will prevent your computer from starting up from a different hard disk, CD, DVD, or USB drive without the password you provide. This prevents people form booting up your Mac with an unauthorized operating system. If you’ve already enabled a firmware password, you can remove it from here. Use Network Tools to Troubleshoot Your Connection Select Utilities > Network Utility to open a network diagnostic tool. This utility provides a graphical way to view your network connection information. You can also use the netstat, ping, lookup, traceroute, whois, finger, and port scan utilities from here. These can be helpful to troubleshoot Internet connection problems. For example, the ping command can demonstrate whether you can communicate with a remote host and show you if you’re experiencing packet loss, while the traceroute command can show you where a connection is failing if you can’t connect to a remote server. Open a Terminal If you’d like to get your hands dirty, you can select Utilities > Terminal to open a terminal from here. This terminal allows you to do more advanced troubleshooting. Mac OS X uses the bash shell, just as typical Linux distributions do. Most people will just need to use the Reinstall Mac OS X option here, but there are many other tools you can benefit from. If the Recovery Mode files on your Mac are damaged or unavailable, your Mac will automatically download them from Apple so you can use the full recovery environment.

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