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How should a site respond to automated login attempts with phony usernames?

- by qntmfred

For the last couple weeks I've been seeing a consistent stream of 15-30 invalid login attempts per hours on my site. Many of them are non-sensical usernames that nobody would ever register for real, and often contain typical spam-related keywords. They all come from different IP addresses so I can't just IP block/throttle the requests. I'm not worried about unauthorized access to real accounts since they aren't using real usernames. And if it were a member of my site trying to brute force logins, they could easily scrape the valid usernames from the site, so I'm not worried about that kind of malicious behavior either. But what's the point of this type of activity? What would whichever bot operator is doing this have to gain by attempting all these logins?

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How to prevent Google from finding my admin index page?

- by krish

I am running a website but for some days i stopped it and put the under-construction page because the Index of admin page is visible to the outside world through the Google search. One of my friend told me that your websites index is visible and its one step away to access the password file and he shows me that very simply using the Google search. How can i prevent this and i am hosting my site with a hosting company and i report about this to them but they simply replied to me still its secure so you no need to worry... am i really don need to worry and continue my site with the visible index of admin page?

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Hacked by our own hosting company!

- by dazhall

OK, so our hosting company decided to clone our site and database onto a new serve. Without our knowledge or permission they then edited our code to point to the new database. The old server was left running, still pointing at the original database. The DNS was changed to reflect the new IP address of the server. Obviously during the propagation customers were hitting both the new and old servers, resulting in orders coming in to both databases, sometimes being split between the two. We're now attempting to reconcile the two databases. The question I have is is it still hacking if it was done by your own hosting company?! I'm fairly sure they shouldn't have edited our code! If they had left it as it was the site would have stayed pointed at the original database and we wouldn't be in this mess! I'm thinking that legal advice is need but just wanted to know if anyone had ever come across this situation before?!

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Basic Ubuntu FTP Server

- by JPrescottSanders

I would like to setup a basic FTP server on my Ubuntu Server install. I have been playing with VSFTPD, but am having issues getting the server to allow me to create directories and copy files. I have set the system to allow local users, but it appears that doesn't mean I get access to create directories. This may be an instance where I need to be better grounded in Unbuntu server setup in order to configure this FTP server adequately. The end goal is to be able to move files from my local dev folder into my www folder for deployment. Directories need to be able to move as well. Any help would be greatly appreciated.

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Deny access to a folder on hosting server but serve the pages

- by Sourav

My hosting server allows to host multiple websites. The directory structure is like this root |_ www.a.com |_ www.b.com |_ www.c.com |_ www.d.com I want to put some PHP files on the www.d.com folder so if some one browse the site from web-browser can get it, but no one can get it's source code [even by loggin in to the root folder]. Is there any way to doing so ? There is a feature called Password protect folder or so, can in help in this case ?

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How do PGP and PEM differ?

- by Dummy Derp

Email messages are sent in plain text which means that the messages I send to Derpina are visible to anyone who somehow gets access to them while they are in transit. To overcome this, various encryption mechanisms were developed. PEM and PGP are two of them. PEM - canonically converts-adds digital signature-encrypts and sends PGP does exactly the same. So where do they differ? Or is it that PGP (being a program) is used to generate a PEM message?

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25 Passwords to Avoid to Thwart Hackers

SplashData, a vendor of smartphone productivity applications for consumers and businesses, recently released a list of the top 25 most commonly used passwords for 2011. The company compiled the list after analyzing files of stolen passwords that hackers posted online to share with their cybercriminal colleagues. Without further adieu, here is the list of passwords that made SplashData's top 25: password, 123456, 12345678, qwerty, abc123, monkey, 1234567, letmein, trustno1, dragon, baseball, 111111, iloveyou, master, sunshine, ashley, bailey, passw0rd, shadow, 123123, 654321, superman, qazwsx...

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methods DSA_do_verify and SHA1 (OpenSSL library for Windows)

- by Rei

i am working on a program to authenticate an ENC signature file by using OpenSSL for windows, and specifically methods DSA_do_verify(...) and SHA1(...) hash algorithm, but is having problems as the result from DSA_do_verify is always 0 (invalid). I am using the signature file of test set 4B from the IHO S-63 Data Protection Scheme, and also the SA public key (downloadable from IHO) for verification. Below is my program, can anyone help to see where i have gone wrong as i have tried many ways but failed to get the verification to be valid, thanks.. The signature file from test set 4B // Signature part R: 3F14 52CD AEC5 05B6 241A 02C7 614A D149 E7D6 C408. // Signature part S: 44BB A3DB 8C46 8D11 B6DB 23BE 1A79 55E6 B083 7429. // Signature part R: 93F5 EF86 1FF6 BA6F 1C2B B9BB 7F36 0C80 2F9B 2414. // Signature part S: 4877 8130 12B4 50D8 3688 B52C 7A84 8E26 D442 8B6E. // BIG p C16C BAD3 4D47 5EC5 3966 95D6 94BC 8BC4 7E59 8E23 B5A9 D7C5 CEC8 2D65 B682 7D44 E953 7848 4730 C0BF F1F4 CB56 F47C 6E51 054B E892 00F3 0D43 DC4F EF96 24D4 665B. // BIG q B7B8 10B5 8C09 34F6 4287 8F36 0B96 D7CC 26B5 3E4D. // BIG g 4C53 C726 BDBF BBA6 549D 7E73 1939 C6C9 3A86 9A27 C5DB 17BA 3CAC 589D 7B3E 003F A735 F290 CFD0 7A3E F10F 3515 5F1A 2EF7 0335 AF7B 6A52 11A1 1035 18FB A44E 9718. // BIG y 15F8 A502 11C2 34BB DF19 B3CD 25D1 4413 F03D CF38 6FFC 7357 BCEE 59E4 EBFD B641 6726 5E5F 0682 47D4 B50B 3B86 7A85 FB4D 6E01 8329 A993 C36C FD9A BFB6 ED6D 29E0. dataServer_pkeyfile.txt (extracted from above) // BIG p C16C BAD3 4D47 5EC5 3966 95D6 94BC 8BC4 7E59 8E23 B5A9 D7C5 CEC8 2D65 B682 7D44 E953 7848 4730 C0BF F1F4 CB56 F47C 6E51 054B E892 00F3 0D43 DC4F EF96 24D4 665B. // BIG q B7B8 10B5 8C09 34F6 4287 8F36 0B96 D7CC 26B5 3E4D. // BIG g 4C53 C726 BDBF BBA6 549D 7E73 1939 C6C9 3A86 9A27 C5DB 17BA 3CAC 589D 7B3E 003F A735 F290 CFD0 7A3E F10F 3515 5F1A 2EF7 0335 AF7B 6A52 11A1 1035 18FB A44E 9718. // BIG y 15F8 A502 11C2 34BB DF19 B3CD 25D1 4413 F03D CF38 6FFC 7357 BCEE 59E4 EBFD B641 6726 5E5F 0682 47D4 B50B 3B86 7A85 FB4D 6E01 8329 A993 C36C FD9A BFB6 ED6D 29E0. Program abstract: QbyteArray pk_data; QFile pk_file("./dataServer_pkeyfile.txt"); if (pk_file.open(QIODevice::Text | QIODevice::ReadOnly)) { pk_data.append(pk_file.readAll()); } pk_file.close(); unsigned char ptr_sha_hashed[20]; unsigned char *ptr_pk_data = (unsigned char *)pk_data.data(); // openssl SHA1 hashing algorithm SHA1(ptr_pk_data, pk_data.length(), ptr_sha_hashed); DSA_SIG *dsasig = DSA_SIG_new(); char ptr_r[] = "93F5EF861FF6BA6F1C2BB9BB7F360C802F9B2414"; //from tset 4B char ptr_s[] = "4877813012B450D83688B52C7A848E26D4428B6E"; //from tset 4B if (BN_hex2bn(&dsasig->r, ptr_r) == 0) return 0; if (BN_hex2bn(&dsasig->s, ptr_s) == 0) return 0; DSA *dsakeys = DSA_new(); //the following values are from the SA public key char ptr_p[] = "FCA682CE8E12CABA26EFCCF7110E526DB078B05EDECBCD1EB4A208F3AE1617AE01F35B91A47E6DF63413C5E12ED0899BCD132ACD50D99151BDC43EE737592E17"; char ptr_q[] = "962EDDCC369CBA8EBB260EE6B6A126D9346E38C5"; char ptr_g[] = "678471B27A9CF44EE91A49C5147DB1A9AAF244F05A434D6486931D2D14271B9E35030B71FD73DA179069B32E2935630E1C2062354D0DA20A6C416E50BE794CA4"; char ptr_y[] = "963F14E32BA5372928F24F15B0730C49D31B28E5C7641002564DB95995B15CF8800ED54E354867B82BB9597B158269E079F0C4F4926B17761CC89EB77C9B7EF8"; if (BN_hex2bn(&dsakeys->p, ptr_p) == 0) return 0; if (BN_hex2bn(&dsakeys->q, ptr_q) == 0) return 0; if (BN_hex2bn(&dsakeys->g, ptr_g) == 0) return 0; if (BN_hex2bn(&dsakeys->pub_key, ptr_y) == 0) return 0; int result; //valid = 1, invalid = 0, error = -1 result = DSA_do_verify(ptr_sha_hashed, 20, dsasig, dsakeys); //result is 0 (invalid)

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Are python's cryptographic modules good enough?

- by Aerovistae

I mean, say you were writing professional grade software that would involve sensitive client information. (Take this in the context of me being an amateur programmer.) Would you use hlib and hmac? Are they good enough to secure data? Or would you write something fancier by hand? Edit: In context of those libraries containing more or less the best hashing algorithms in the world, I guess it's silly to ask if you'd "write something fancier." What I'm really asking here is whether it's enough on its own.

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More than one way to skin an Audit

- by BuckWoody

I get asked quite a bit about auditing in SQL Server. By "audit", people mean everything from tracking logins to finding out exactly who ran a particular SELECT statement. In the really early versions of SQL Server, we didn't have a great story for very granular audits, so lots of workarounds were suggested. As time progressed, more and more audit capabilities were added to the product, and in typical database platform fashion, as we added a feature we didn't often take the others away. So now, instead of not having an option to audit actions by users, you might face the opposite problem - too many ways to audit! You can read more about the options you have for tracking users here: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc280526(v=SQL.100).aspx In SQL Server 2008, we introduced SQL Server Audit, which uses Extended Events to really get a simple way to implement high-level or granular auditing. You can read more about that here: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd392015.aspx As with any feature, you should understand what your needs are first. Auditing isn't "free" in the performance sense, so you need to make sure you're only auditing what you need to. Share this post: email it! | bookmark it! | digg it! | reddit! | kick it! | live it!

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Seeking for a better solution to restrict access in GRUB2 menu

- by LiveWireBT

I just read that in certain situations you should also protect access to your GRUB2 menu by setting a password and may be refining acces by adding --unrestricted or --users as arguments to menuentries und submenus. I read the corresponding pages in the Ubuntu Community Documentation and the Arch Wiki. So, I created /etc/grub.d/01_security, stored usernames and passwords in there, made the file executable and ran update-grub. This is working as intended, every action in the menu prompts for username and password, but I also want to modify the automatically generated entries to either restrict them to certain users (via --users) or make them available for everyone, but not editable by everyone (via --unrestricted). I was able to find the proper lines in 10_linux and edit them accordingly, however I'd love to see an easier solution. Perhaps an option like GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true" or GRUB_DISABLE_OS_PROBER=true in /etc/default/grub for easy (re)configuration (for linux and os-prober generated entries). Here's a diff from my 13.10 installation: $ diff /etc/grub.d/10_linux /etc/grub.d/10_linux_bak 123c123 < echo "menuentry '$(echo "$title" | grub_quote)' ${CLASS} --unrestriced \$menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-$version-$type-$boot_device_id' {" | sed "s/^$ --- > echo "menuentry '$(echo "$title" | grub_quote)' ${CLASS} \$menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-$version-$type-$boot_device_id' {" | sed "s/^/$submenu_inde$ 125c125 < echo "menuentry '$(echo "$os" | grub_quote)' ${CLASS} --unrestricted \$menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-simple-$boot_device_id' {" | sed "s/^/$submenu_$ --- > echo "menuentry '$(echo "$os" | grub_quote)' ${CLASS} \$menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-simple-$boot_device_id' {" | sed "s/^/$submenu_indentation/" 323c323 < echo "submenu --unrestricted '$(gettext_printf "Advanced options for %s" "${OS}" | grub_quote)' \$menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-advanced-$boot_device_$ --- > echo "submenu '$(gettext_printf "Advanced options for %s" "${OS}" | grub_quote)' \$menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-advanced-$boot_device_id' {" tl;dr: I'd love the see a simple solution for GRUB2 entries that cannot be modified without a password or are limited to certain users. (Yes, GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true" is active.)

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Handling & processing credit card payments

- by Bob Jansen

I'm working on program that charges customers on a pay as you go per month modal. This means that instead of the customers paying their invoices at the start of the month, they will have to pay at the end of the month. In order to secure the payments I want my customers credit card information stored so that they can be charged automatically at the end of the month. I do not have the resources, time, or risk to handle and store my customers credit card information on my servers and am looking for a third party solution. I'm a tad overwhelmed by all the different options and services that are out there and was wondering if anyone with experience have any recommendations and tips. I'm having difficulty finding services that allow me to to store my customers credit card information and charge them automatically. Most of them seem to offer an invoice styled approach.

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Situations that require protecting files against tampering when stored on a users computer

- by Joel

I'm making a 'Pokémon Storage System' with a Client/Server model and as part of that I was thinking of storing an inventory file on the users computer which I do not wish to be edited except by my program. An alternative to this would be to instead to store the inventory file on the server and control it's editing by sending commands to the server but I was wondering if there are any situations which require files to be stored on a users computer where editing would be undesirable and if so how do you protect the files? I was thinking AES with some sort of checksum?

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How to backup encrypted home in encrypted form only?

- by Eric

I want to backup the encrypted home of a user who might be logged in at backup time. Which directories should I backup if I want to ensure that absolutely no plaintext data can be leaked? Are the following folders always encrypted? /home/user/.Private /home/user/.ecryptfs Just want to make sure that no data leaks, as the backup destination is untrustworthy. Edit: Yes, as Lord of Time has suggested, I'd like to know which folders and/or files I need to backup if I need to store only encrypted content in a way that allows me to recover it later with the right passphrase.

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How do I safely use a virus infected USB drive in Ubuntu?

- by suhridk

I have an USB drive which I know is virus infected (an anti-virus on my friend's machine detected it). Unfortunately neither of us know the virus name and I don't want to take the risk of plugging it to my Windows box again. Of course, in all probability the virus affects only Windows. (But I'm not sure) I want to know if I can safely plug the USB into my Ubuntu Lucid laptop and copy the stuff I need from the drive. If there are some precautions I need to follow what would they be?

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Get phone number of (via mobile networks) browsing mobile device

- by TrialUser

I recently figured out, that the web site of my phone provider (mobile) mysteriously identifies me and automatically logs me into my account when I'm accessing with my android phone, as if it knew my phone number. (I used several browsers. When I'm using the phone as WLAN hotspot and access the same site from another device that doesn't happen.) How does my phone provider do that? On the one hand, as a programmer, I'd like to be able to do that too, but on the other hand, as a user, I'm kind of scared. What information do they have, such that they (believe they) are able to identify me just by my device? I hope this question isn't completely inappropriate for this site; feel free to add better tags — it's hard to find the right ones without knowing the Webmasters site at all.

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Identify "non-secure" content IE warns about [on hold]

- by Doug Harris

As many know, if you serve a page over https and the content loads resources (images, stylesheets, js, SWF objects, etc) over http, older versions of Internet Explorer will show the user a warning saying "This page contains both secure and non-secure items". This is discomforting to many non-technical users. Usually, I can look at the HTML source and identify which item(s) are triggering this error. Sometimes a Flash object will load something else or some embedded javascript will put a new object in the DOM and trigger this. What tools are good for quickly tracking down the source of the warning?

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Need suggestions on how to create a website with an encrypted database.

- by SFx

Hi guys, I want to create a website where a user enters content (say a couple of sentences) which eventually gets stored in a backend database (maybe MySQL). But before the content leaves the client side, I want it to get encrypted using something on client like maybe javascript. The data will travel over the web encrypted, but more importantly, will also be permanently stored in the backend database encrypted. Is JavaScript appropriate to use for this? Would 256 bit encryption take too long? Also, how do you query an encrypted database later on if you want to pull down the content that a user may have submitted over the past 2 months? I'm looking for tips, suggestions and any pointers you guys may have in how to go about learning about and accomplishing this. Thanks!

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How can I allow a user to stream my videos securely?

- by John Baber

I've got a script that records 10 minute videos from a webcam to video1.mp4 video2.mp4 video3.mp4 video4.mp4 Then records over video1 again in rotation. I'd like one user to be able to view these in winamp or itunes by having a playlist with the four of them on repeat. (This is my way of getting around the many hours of figuring out how to actually livestream from a webcam with VLC). I don't see any examples of things like icecast being used for video, and I don't see any mentions of secure streaming. My question is, is there any way to have these videos be seen securely? I can do things like https on my server, but I don't have great access to the user's machine, so just sharing a directory by samba or sshfs isn't much of an option.

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Is this safe? <a href=http://javascript:...>

- by KajMagnus

I wonder if href and src attributes on <a> and <img> tags are always safe w.r.t. XSS attacks, if they start with http:// or https://. For example, is it possible to append javascript: ... to the href and src attribute in some manner, to execute code? Disregarding whether or not the destination page is e.g. a pishing site, or the <img src=...> triggers a terribly troublesome HTTP GET request. Background: I'm processing text with markdown, and then I sanitize the resulting HTML (using Google Caja's JsHtmlSanitizer). Some sample code in Google Caja assumes all hrefs and srcs that start with http:// or https:// are safe -- I wonder if it's safe to use that sample code. Kind regards, Kaj-Magnus

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Did Microsoft Add Wiretapping Capability to Skype?

Ryan Gallagher, writing for Slate, put two and two together from a lot of no comments. He noted that back in 2007, German police forces said that they couldn't tap into Skype calls because of of its strong encryption and complicated peer-to-peer network connections; in fact, Skype bluntly stated at the time that, due to its encryption and architecture techniques, it couldn't conduct wiretaps. But that may have changed. Gallagher cited a Forbes article that claims the hacker community is talking about recent changes to Skype's architecture and whether they will allow users to be wiretapped. ...

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Are two database trips reasonable for a login system?

- by Randolph Potter

I am designing a login system for a project, and have an issue about it requiring two trips to the database when a user logs in. User types in username and password Database is polled and password hash is retrieved for comparative purposes (first trip) Code tests hash against entered password (and salt), and if verified, resets the session ID New session ID and username are sent back to the database to write a row to the login table, and generate a login ID for that session. EDIT: I am using a random salt. Does this design make sense? Am I missing something? Is my concern about two trips unfounded? Comments and suggestions are welcome.

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How do you go about checking your open source libraries for keystroke loggers?

- by asd

A random person on the internet told me that a technology was secure(1), safe to use and didn't contain keyloggers because it is open source. While I can trivially detect the key stroke logger in this open source application, what can developers(2) do to protect themselves against rouge committers to open source projects? Doing a back of the envelope threat analysis, if I were a rogue developer, I'd fork a branch on git and promote it's download since it would have twitter support (and a secret key stroke logger). If it was an SVN repo, I'd create just create a new project. Even better would be to put the malicious code in the automatic update routines. (1) I won't mention which because I can only deal with one kind of zealot at a time. (2) Ordinary users are at the mercy of their virus and malware detection software-- it's absurd to expect grandma to read the source of code of their open source word processor's source code to find the keystroke logger.

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Blocking path scanning

- by clinisbut

I'm seeing in my access log a number of request very suspicious: /i /im /imaa /imag /image /images /images/d /images/di /images/dis They part from a known resource (in the above example /images/disrupt.jpg). All comming from same IP. Requests varies from 1/sec to 10/sec, seems somewhat random. It's obviously they are trying to find something and seems they are using a script. How do I block this kind of behaviour? I though of blocking the IP request, at least for a given time. Keeping in mind that: Request intervals seems legitimate (at least I think so). I don't want to end blocking a search engine bot, which may find 404 urls too (and that's a different problem, I know). ¿Do they use always same IP?

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Keeping files private on the internet (.htaccess password or software/php/wordpress password)

- by jiewmeng

I was asked a while ago to setup a server such that only authenticated users can access files. It was like a test server for clients to view WIP sites. More recently, I want to do something similar for some of my files. Tho they are not very confidential, I wish that I am the only one viewing it. I thought of doing the same, Create a robots.txt User-agent: * Disallow: / Setup some password protection, .htpasswd seems like a very ugly way to do it. It will prompt me even when I log into FTP. I wonder if software method like password protected posts in Wordpress will do the trick of locking out the public and hiding content from Search Engines? Or some self made PHP script will do the trick?

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