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  • Simple dynamic memory allocation bug.

    - by M4design
    I'm sure you (pros) can identify the bug's' in my code, I also would appreciate any other comments on my code. BTW, the code crashes after I run it. #include <stdlib.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdbool.h> typedef struct { int x; int y; } Location; typedef struct { bool walkable; unsigned char walked; // number of times walked upon } Cell; typedef struct { char name[40]; // Name of maze Cell **grid; // 2D array of cells int rows; // Number of rows int cols; // Number of columns Location entrance; } Maze; Maze *maz_new() { int i = 0; Maze *mazPtr = (Maze *)malloc(sizeof (Maze)); if(!mazPtr) { puts("The memory couldn't be initilised, Press ENTER to exit"); getchar(); exit(-1); } else { // allocating memory for the grid mazPtr->grid = (Cell **) malloc((sizeof (Cell)) * (mazPtr->rows)); for(i = 0; i < mazPtr->rows; i++) mazPtr->grid[i] = (Cell *) malloc((sizeof (Cell)) * (mazPtr->cols)); } return mazPtr; } void maz_delete(Maze *maz) { int i = 0; if (maz != NULL) { for(i = 0; i < maz->rows; i++) free(maz->grid[i]); free(maz->grid); } } int main() { Maze *ptr = maz_new(); maz_delete(ptr); getchar(); return 0; } Thanks in advance.

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  • UIViewController memory management

    - by jAmi
    Hi I have a very basic issue of memory management with my UIViewController (or any other object that I create); The problem is that in Instruments my Object allocation graph is always rising even though I am calling release on then assigning them nil. I have 2 UIViewController sub-classes each initializing with a NIB; I add the first ViewController to the main window like [window addSubView:first.view]; Then in my first ViewController nib file I have a Button which loads the second ViewController like : -(IBAction)loadSecondView{ if(second!=nil){ //second is set as an iVar and @property (nonatomic, retain)ViewController2* sceond; [second release]; second=nil; } second=[[ViewController2* second]initWithNibName:@"ViewController2" bundle:nil]; [self.view addSubView:second.view]; } In my (second) ViewController2 i have a button with an action method -(IBAction) removeSecond{ [self.view removeFromSuperView]; } Please let me know if the above scheme works in a managed way for memory...? In Instruments It does not show release of any allocation and keeps the bar status graph keeps on rising.

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  • What is the best way to find a processed memory allocations in terms of C# objects

    - by Shantaram
    I have written various C# console based applications, some of them long running some not, which can over time have a large memory foot print. When looking at the windows perofrmance monitor via the task manager, the same question keeps cropping up in my mind; how do I get a break down of the number objects by type that are contributing to this footprint; and which of those are f-reachable and those which aren't and hence can be collected. On numerous occasions I've performed a code inspection to ensure that I am not unnecessarily holding on objects longer than required and disposing of objects with the using construct. I have also recently looked at employing the CG.Collect method when I have released a large number of objects (for example held in a collection which has just been cleared). However, I am not so sure that this made that much difference, so I threw that code away. I am guessing that there are tools in sysinternals suite than can help to resolve these memory type quiestions but I am not sure which and how to use them. The alternative would be to pay for a third party profiling tool such as JetBrains dotTrace; but I need to make sure that I've explored the free options first before going cap in hand to my manager.

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  • Get Object from memory using memory adresse

    - by Hamza Karmouda
    I want to know how to get an Object from memory, in my case a MediaRecorder. Here's my class: Mymic class: public class MyMic { MediaRecorder recorder2; File file; private Context c; public MyMic(Context context){ this.c=context; } private void stopRecord() throws IOException { recorder2.stop(); recorder2.reset(); recorder2.release(); } private void startRecord() { recorder2= new MediaRecorder(); recorder2.setAudioSource(MediaRecorder.AudioSource.MIC); recorder2.setOutputFormat(MediaRecorder.OutputFormat.THREE_GPP); recorder2.setAudioEncoder(MediaRecorder.AudioEncoder.AMR_NB); recorder2.setOutputFile(file.getPath()); try { recorder2.prepare(); recorder2.start(); } catch (IllegalStateException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } my Receiver Class: public class MyReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver { private Context c; private MyMic myMic; @Override public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { this.c=context; myMic = new MyMic(c); if(my condition = true){ myMic.startRecord(); }else myMic.stopRecord(); } } So when I'm calling startRecord() it create a new MediaRecorder but when i instantiate my class a second time i can't retrieve my Object. Can i retrieve my MediaRecorder with his addresse

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  • SQL SERVER – Weekly Series – Memory Lane – #035

    - by Pinal Dave
    Here is the list of selected articles of SQLAuthority.com across all these years. Instead of just listing all the articles I have selected a few of my most favorite articles and have listed them here with additional notes below it. Let me know which one of the following is your favorite article from memory lane. 2007 Row Overflow Data Explanation  In SQL Server 2005 one table row can contain more than one varchar(8000) fields. One more thing, the exclusions has exclusions also the limit of each individual column max width of 8000 bytes does not apply to varchar(max), nvarchar(max), varbinary(max), text, image or xml data type columns. Comparison Index Fragmentation, Index De-Fragmentation, Index Rebuild – SQL SERVER 2000 and SQL SERVER 2005 An old but like a gold article. Talks about lots of concepts related to Index and the difference from earlier version to the newer version. I strongly suggest that everyone should read this article just to understand how SQL Server has moved forward with the technology. Improvements in TempDB SQL Server 2005 had come up with quite a lots of improvements and this blog post describes them and explains the same. If you ask me what is my the most favorite article from early career. I must point out to this article as when I wrote this one I personally have learned a lot of new things. Recompile All The Stored Procedure on Specific TableI prefer to recompile all the stored procedure on the table, which has faced mass insert or update. sp_recompiles marks stored procedures to recompile when they execute next time. This blog post explains the same with the help of a script.  2008 SQLAuthority Download – SQL Server Cheatsheet You can download and print this cheat sheet and use it for your personal reference. If you have any suggestions, please let me know and I will see if I can update this SQL Server cheat sheet. Difference Between DBMS and RDBMS What is the difference between DBMS and RDBMS? DBMS – Data Base Management System RDBMS – Relational Data Base Management System or Relational DBMS High Availability – Hot Add Memory Hot Add CPU and Hot Add Memory are extremely interesting features of the SQL Server, however, personally I have not witness them heavily used. These features also have few restriction as well. I blogged about them in detail. 2009 Delete Duplicate Rows I have demonstrated in this blog post how one can identify and delete duplicate rows. Interesting Observation of Logon Trigger On All Servers – Solution The question I put forth in my previous article was – In single login why the trigger fires multiple times; it should be fired only once. I received numerous answers in thread as well as in my MVP private news group. Now, let us discuss the answer for the same. The answer is – It happens because multiple SQL Server services are running as well as intellisense is turned on. Blog post demonstrates how we can do the same with the help of SQL scripts. Management Studio New Features I have selected my favorite 5 features and blogged about it. IntelliSense for Query Editing Multi Server Query Query Editor Regions Object Explorer Enhancements Activity Monitors Maximum Number of Index per Table One of the questions I asked in my user group was – What is the maximum number of Index per table? I received lots of answers to this question but only two answers are correct. Let us now take a look at them in this blog post. 2010 Default Statistics on Column – Automatic Statistics on Column The truth is, Statistics can be in a table even though there is no Index in it. If you have the auto- create and/or auto-update Statistics feature turned on for SQL Server database, Statistics will be automatically created on the Column based on a few conditions. Please read my previously posted article, SQL SERVER – When are Statistics Updated – What triggers Statistics to Update, for the specific conditions when Statistics is updated. 2011 T-SQL Scripts to Find Maximum between Two Numbers In this blog post there are two different scripts listed which demonstrates way to find the maximum number between two numbers. I need your help, which one of the script do you think is the most accurate way to find maximum number? Find Details for Statistics of Whole Database – DMV – T-SQL Script I was recently asked is there a single script which can provide all the necessary details about statistics for any database. This question made me write following script. I was initially planning to use sp_helpstats command but I remembered that this is marked to be deprecated in future. 2012 Introduction to Function SIGN SIGN Function is very fundamental function. It will return the value 1, -1 or 0. If your value is negative it will return you negative -1 and if it is positive it will return you positive +1. Let us start with a simple small example. Template Browser – A Very Important and Useful Feature of SSMS Templates are like a quick cheat sheet or quick reference. Templates are available to create objects like databases, tables, views, indexes, stored procedures, triggers, statistics, and functions. Templates are also available for Analysis Services as well. The template scripts contain parameters to help you customize the code. You can Replace Template Parameters dialog box to insert values into the script. An invalid floating point operation occurred If you run any of the above functions they will give you an error related to invalid floating point. Honestly there is no workaround except passing the function appropriate values. SQRT of a negative number will give you result in real numbers which is not supported at this point of time as well LOG of a negative number is not possible (because logarithm is the inverse function of an exponential function and the exponential function is NEVER negative). Validating Spatial Object with IsValidDetailed Function SQL Server 2012 has introduced the new function IsValidDetailed(). This function has made my life very easy. In simple words, this function will check if the spatial object passed is valid or not. If it is valid it will give information that it is valid. If the spatial object is not valid it will return the answer that it is not valid and the reason for the same. This makes it very easy to debug the issue and make the necessary correction. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com) Filed under: Memory Lane, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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  • Python: How to read huge text file into memory

    - by asmaier
    I'm using Python 2.6 on a Mac Mini with 1GB RAM. I want to read in a huge text file $ ls -l links.csv; file links.csv; tail links.csv -rw-r--r-- 1 user user 469904280 30 Nov 22:42 links.csv links.csv: ASCII text, with CRLF line terminators 4757187,59883 4757187,99822 4757187,66546 4757187,638452 4757187,4627959 4757187,312826 4757187,6143 4757187,6141 4757187,3081726 4757187,58197 So each line in the file consists of a tuple of two comma separated integer values. I want to read in the whole file and sort it according to the second column. I know, that I could do the sorting without reading the whole file into memory. But I thought for a file of 500MB I should still be able to do it in memory since I have 1GB available. However when I try to read in the file, Python seems to allocate a lot more memory than is needed by the file on disk. So even with 1GB of RAM I'm not able to read in the 500MB file into memory. My Python code for reading the file and printing some information about the memory consumption is: #!/usr/bin/python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import sys infile=open("links.csv", "r") edges=[] count=0 #count the total number of lines in the file for line in infile: count=count+1 total=count print "Total number of lines: ",total infile.seek(0) count=0 for line in infile: edge=tuple(map(int,line.strip().split(","))) edges.append(edge) count=count+1 # for every million lines print memory consumption if count%1000000==0: print "Position: ", edge print "Read ",float(count)/float(total)*100,"%." mem=sys.getsizeof(edges) for edge in edges: mem=mem+sys.getsizeof(edge) for node in edge: mem=mem+sys.getsizeof(node) print "Memory (Bytes): ", mem The output I got was: Total number of lines: 30609720 Position: (9745, 2994) Read 3.26693612356 %. Memory (Bytes): 64348736 Position: (38857, 103574) Read 6.53387224712 %. Memory (Bytes): 128816320 Position: (83609, 63498) Read 9.80080837067 %. Memory (Bytes): 192553000 Position: (139692, 1078610) Read 13.0677444942 %. Memory (Bytes): 257873392 Position: (205067, 153705) Read 16.3346806178 %. Memory (Bytes): 320107588 Position: (283371, 253064) Read 19.6016167413 %. Memory (Bytes): 385448716 Position: (354601, 377328) Read 22.8685528649 %. Memory (Bytes): 448629828 Position: (441109, 3024112) Read 26.1354889885 %. Memory (Bytes): 512208580 Already after reading only 25% of the 500MB file, Python consumes 500MB. So it seem that storing the content of the file as a list of tuples of ints is not very memory efficient. Is there a better way to do it, so that I can read in my 500MB file into my 1GB of memory?

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  • Calculate private working set (memory) using C#.

    - by Gnucom
    Hello, How do I calculate the private working set of memory using C#? I'm interested in produces roughly the same figure as taskmgr.exe. I'm using the Process namespace and using methods/data like WorkingSet64 and PrivateMemorySize64, but these figures are off by 100MB or more at times. Thanks,

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  • Visual Studio 2010 -- how to reduce its memory footprint

    - by GregC
    I have a solution with just under 100 projects in it, a mix of C++ and C# (mostly C#). When working in VS2005, the working set of Visual Studio is considerably smaller than that of VS2010. I was wondering if there are some things that can be turned off, so I can develop in VS2010 under 32-bit OS without running out of memory.

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  • Memory Leak from Foundation & CFNetwork Library

    - by Lakshmie
    I am using instruments to resolve memory leak issues for an app in iPhone. I just wanted to know if I have to resolve the leaks coming from Foundation and CFNetwork Libraries. Specifically, the leaks are from: 1. NSCFString 2. NSConcreteData 3. General Block-3584 Since they do not directly point to the code that I have written, how should I resolve them, if I have to? Thanks.

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  • Persistence scheme & state data for low memory situations (iphone)

    - by Robin Jamieson
    What happens to state information held by a class's variable after coming back from a low memory situation? I know that views will get unloaded and then reloaded later but what about some ancillary classes & data held in them that's used by the controller that launched the view? Sample scenario in question: @interface MyCustomController: UIViewController { ServiceAuthenticator *authenticator; } -(id)initWithAuthenticator:(ServiceAuthenticator *)auth; // the user may press a button that will cause the authenticator // to post some data to the service. -(IBAction)doStuffButtonPressed:(id)sender; @end @interface ServiceAuthenticator { BOOL hasValidCredentials; // YES if user's credentials have been validated NSString *username; NSString *password; // password is not stored in plain text } -(id)initWithUserCredentials:(NSString *)username password:(NSString *)aPassword; -(void)postData:(NSString *)data; @end The app delegate creates the ServiceAuthenticator class with some user data (read from plist file) and the class logs the user with the remote service. inside MyAppDelegate's applicationDidFinishLaunching: - (void)applicationDidFinishLaunching:(UIApplication *)application { ServiceAuthenticator *auth = [[ServiceAuthenticator alloc] initWithUserCredentials:username password:userPassword]; MyCustomController *controller = [[MyCustomController alloc] initWithNibName:...]; controller.authenticator = auth; // Configure and show the window [window addSubview:..]; // make everything visible [window makeKeyAndVisible]; } Then whenever the user presses a certain button, 'MyCustomController's doStuffButtonPressed' is invoked. -(IBAction)doStuffButtonPressed:(id)sender { [authenticator postData:someDataFromSender]; } The authenticator in-turn checks to if the user is logged in (BOOL variable indicates login state) and if so, exchanges data with the remote service. The ServiceAuthenticator is the kind of class that validates the user's credentials only once and all subsequent calls to the object will be to postData. Once a low memory scenario occurs and the associated nib & MyCustomController will get unloaded -- when it's reloaded, what's the process for resetting up the 'ServiceAuthenticator' class & its former state? I'm periodically persisting all of the data in my actual model classes. Should I consider also persisting the state data in these utility style classes? Is that the pattern to follow?

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  • Why do they initialize pointers this way?

    - by Rob
    In almost all of the books I read and examples I go through I see pointers initialized this way. Say that I have a class variable NSString *myString that I want to initialize. I will almost always see that done this way: -(id)init { if (self = [super init]) { NSString *tempString = [[NSString alloc] init]; myString = tempString; [tempString release]; } return self; } Why can't I just do the following? -(id)init { if (self = [super init]) { myString = [[NSString alloc] init]; } return self; } I don't see why the extra tempString is ever needed in the first place, but I could be missing something here with memory management. Is the way I want to do things acceptable or will it cause some kind of leak? I have read the Memory Management Guide on developer.apple.com and unless I am just missing something, I don't see the difference.

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  • Need a tool to detect memory leaks in C code

    - by sbsp
    Hi guys, Is there a good application (that has some kind of gui) for testing memory leaks in c code. I would really like to test my assignment/programme but being very new to this, i struggle with using the terminal to do things, especially using gdb for debugging (to me it feels like a blast from the past, where i could be using some visual debugger). Thanks for the help edit: platform doesn't matter - i am running everything ;)

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  • Where is my ram?

    - by gsedej
    I have 2GB installed on my machine running Ubuntu 12.04. After some time of use, I see much of my RAM used. The RAM does not free enough even though I closed all my programs. I included 2 screenshots. First is "Gnome system monitor" (all process) and second is "htop" (with sudo), both sorted by memory usage. From both you see, that it's not possible that all running apps takes together 1GB of memory. First 7 biggest programs sum 250, but others are much smaller (all can't sum even 100MB). The cache is 300MB (yellow ||| on htop) and is not included in 1GB used. Also 260MB is already on swap. (which actually makes 1,3GB of used memory) If i start Firefox (or Chrome) with many tabs, it has only 1GB available and not potentially 1,5 GB (assume 0,5GB is for system). When I need more ram, swapping happens. So where is my ram? Which program is using it? How can i free it, to be available for e.g. Firefox? Gnome system monitor htop

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  • How can I switch memory modules to 1600 Mhz?

    - by Salvador
    Some months ago I bought 4 Memory modules of 4GB DDR3 1600 KINGSTON HYPERX. The official Kingston manual says: *This module has been tested to run at DDR3-1600 at a low latency timing of 9-9-9-27 at 1.65V.The SPD is programmed to JEDEC standard latency DDR3-1333 timing of 9-9-9. I cannot find which is the real speed of my memory modules. I normally get from several tools that the real speed is 1333 Mhz srs@ubuntu:~$ sudo dmidecode -t memory # dmidecode 2.9 SMBIOS 2.6 present. Handle 0x005D, DMI type 16, 15 bytes Physical Memory Array Location: System Board Or Motherboard Use: System Memory Error Correction Type: None Maximum Capacity: 32 GB Error Information Handle: 0x005F Number Of Devices: 4 Handle 0x005C, DMI type 17, 28 bytes Memory Device Array Handle: 0x005D Error Information Handle: 0x0060 Total Width: 64 bits Data Width: 64 bits Size: 4096 MB Form Factor: DIMM Set: None Locator: ChannelA-DIMM0 Bank Locator: BANK 0 Type: <OUT OF SPEC> Type Detail: Synchronous Speed: 1333 MHz (0.8 ns) Manufacturer: Kingston Serial Number: 07288F23 Asset Tag: 9876543210 Part Number: 9905403-439.A00LF How can I switch memory modules to 1600 Mhz?

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  • PHP CLI not respecting memory limit in php.ini

    - by user13743
    I am using drush, which is a command-line php app to manage a drupal website. I am running a command to import a lot of data, which is causing me to hit php's memory limit. PHP Fatal error: Allowed memory size of 536870912 bytes exhausted ... Which is 512MB if I'm doing the math correctly (536870912 / 1024 / 1024 = 512). I've changed the directive in the php.ini that drush uses: $> drush status ... PHP configuration : /etc/php5/cli/php.ini $> grep memory /etc/php5/cli/php.ini ; Maximum amount of memory a script may consume (128MB) ; http://php.net/memory-limit memory_limit = 1024M But I'm still hitting the 512 MB limit! I am running in a virtual machine, whose memory settings I changed from 512 to 1025 MB of RAM to allow drush to run. $> free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 1010 578 431 0 14 392 -/+ buffers/cache: 172 837 Swap: 382 0 382 So it says it has some 431 MB free, now that I've bumped the vm up to 1024. I guess half the memory is being used to run the GUI, but I don't understand how the GUI was running okay when the vm had 512 MB of ram. Why is the PHP cli still hitting a 512 MB memory limit? If it was hitting a system memory limit, shouldn't it die around 431MB, which is what the free command says is available?

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  • high virtual memory usage in openvz?

    - by freedrull
    We're having a lot of memory problems on a new OpenVZ box. It is supposed to have 1 gig of memory, I'm not sure how much of that is burstable or guaranteed memory. Programs in general seem to take up more virtual memory than they do on my box at home, and on our other OpenVZ box. I wrote this simple C program: #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> int main(){ char *thingy = malloc(500); getchar(): return 0; } So it simply allocates 500 bytes and then returns. I ran the program on 3 computers. On my home machine, and our other OpenVZ box it shows about 1k bytes of virtual memory being used. On the new problematic machine its about 3k. I know this is just virtual memory and not resident memory, but why is this machine allocating so much virtual memory? Are there some settings I need to adjust to the OpenVZ memory settings? I tried changing the stack size with ulimit -s 256 and restarting some demons, but I still saw the same results. I'm doing all of my monitoring with htop, is this even a good program to use with a OpenVZ vps? I've read I should be parsing the output of /proc/user_beancounters intead or something.

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  • TCP Server Memory management: #Connections Vs. #Requests

    - by Andrew
    Given that, there is no theoretical limit to number of concurrent TCP connections a Windows 2008 server can handle. Only thing will happen is, with each connection there will be memory consumption in server. Unfortunately, memory is not unlimited (and I want to utilize only physical memory). For example, lets say we've 2GB server memory. Now there are two extreme cases: Case 1: If we've allocated 64KB buffer for each connection (only to receive incoming request), then 32768 connections can consume all the 2GB of memory. This will not leave any memory to queue/process incoming requests from those connections. Case 2: On the other hand, lets say a single (or very few) connections continuously keeps sending request buffers (for example, video streaming from one connection to other) and server cannot process them within time, those buffers will get piled up in server and eventually will occupy most of the servers memory. And it will not leave any memory for new connection thereafter. This is the real dilemma in server design bugging me badly for last many days. If I can decide on max size of request buffer per connection and max number of requests to allow in queue per connection. Then, based on available server memory, it will then automatically set limit on max number of concurrent connections. How to decide on these limits to achieve best performance and throughput? I am just looking for perfect utilization of server resources. Are there any standard guidelines or empirical data available with someone who can share with me please.

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  • Windows Displays Double the Actual Installed Physical Memory

    - by Andrew Barber
    I have a server I've installed Windows Web 2008 R2 on, which is reporting that I have double the physical memory installed as is actually the case. In msinfo32 "Installed Physical Memory" shows as 2x what ever the actual installed amount is, though "Total Physical Memory" shows the correct amount. The "System" info window shows installed memory as 2x, with the correct amount in parenthesis listed as the "usable" amount). This server mistakenly had Windows Web 2008 (32-bit) installed on it just previously, and that OS also reported the same faulty information as Win2K8R2 is reporting. BIOS reports the correct amount, memtest was run on this server before installation, and a previous Windows 2000 instance installed on this system also reported the correct amount, as I recall. Server operation seems to be fine as well (it's only trying to use the correct amount of memory). The server is a generic pizzabox running on a SuperMicro X6DVL-EG with dual Xeon-3.2's. Memory installed are 4 matching mt18vddf12872g-335c3 sticks (1GB pc2700 DDR ECC REG cl2.5) This behavior occurs whether two or all four are installed. So, has anyone seen something like this before? Have any idea about what's causing it, and how I should be concerned about it? Everything else seems good so far, and I'll be upgrading the memory before putting the server into service, but I don't want to spend too much time/money/effort on the server if it's got something odd going wrong here. UPDATE: There was a question I ran into regarding memory sparing in the BIOS and a possible (buggy) effect thereof; however, flipping that bit back and forth in the BIOS revealed that isn't the issue. Still flummoxed a bit about this one, though I still have seen no negative impacts. Post-Answer Update (January 13, 2011): Upgrading the system with new, larger memory has fixed this issue.

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