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  • Disk performance below expectations

    - by paulH
    this is a follow-up to a previous question that I asked (Two servers with inconsistent disk speed). I have a PowerEdge R510 server with a PERC H700 integrated RAID controller (call this Server B) that was built using eight disks with 3Gb/s bandwidth that I was comparing with an almost identical server (call this Server A) that was built using four disks with 6Gb/s bandwidth. Server A had much better I/O rates than Server B. Once I discovered the difference with the disks, I had Server A rebuilt with faster 6Gbps disks. Unfortunately this resulted in no increase in the performance of the disks. Expecting that there must be some other configuration difference between the servers, we took the 6Gbps disks out of Server A and put them in Server B. This also resulted in no increase in the performance of the disks. We now have two identical servers built, with the exception that one is built with six 6Gbps disks and the other with eight 3Gbps disks, and the I/O rates of the disks is pretty much identical. This suggests that there is some bottleneck other than the disks, but I cannot understand how Server B originally had better I/O that has subsequently been 'lost'. Comparative I/O information below, as measured by SQLIO. The same parameters were used for each test. It's not the actual numbers that are significant but rather the variations between systems. In each case D: is a 2 disk RAID 1 volume, and E: is a 4 disk RAID 10 volume (apart from the original Server A, where E: was a 2 disk RAID 0 volume). Server A (original setup with 6Gpbs disks) D: Read (MB/s) 63 MB/s D: Write (MB/s) 170 MB/s E: Read (MB/s) 68 MB/s E: Write (MB/s) 320 MB/s Server B (original setup with 3Gpbs disks) D: Read (MB/s) 52 MB/s D: Write (MB/s) 88 MB/s E: Read (MB/s) 112 MB/s E: Write (MB/s) 130 MB/s Server A (new setup with 3Gpbs disks) D: Read (MB/s) 55 MB/s D: Write (MB/s) 85 MB/s E: Read (MB/s) 67 MB/s E: Write (MB/s) 180 MB/s Server B (new setup with 6Gpbs disks) D: Read (MB/s) 61 MB/s D: Write (MB/s) 95 MB/s E: Read (MB/s) 69 MB/s E: Write (MB/s) 180 MB/s Can anybody suggest any ideas what is going on here? The drives in use are as follows: Dell Seagate F617N ST3300657SS 300GB 15K RPM SAS Dell Hitachi HUS156030VLS600 300GB 3.5 inch 15000rpm 6GB SAS Hitachi Hus153030vls300 300GB Server SAS Dell ST3146855SS Seagate 3.5 inch 146GB 15K SAS

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  • NIC is receiving, but not transmitting at all?

    - by Shtééf
    I'm trying to fix a very strange problem remotely on a machine at a customer site. The machine is a Dell PowerEdge, I believe a 1950 (haven't verified, but the lspci output matches specs I found.) The machine has two similar NICs, identified as Broadcom Corporation NetXtreme II BCM5708 Gigabit Ethernet (rev 12) by lspci, and using the bnx2 driver. (I suspect these are on-board and on the same controller, which is what I'm accustomed to for this type of machine.) The primary interface eth0 works perfectly, and is in fact how I am ssh'd in. However, the secondary interface eth1 is not transmitting. I can see this in ifconfig output, for example, where the TX field is always 0. However, it is receiving, and tcpdump shows ARP requests coming from the ISP's gateway on the other side. The interface is physically connected to a Siemens BSTU4 modem, configured by the ISP. The link is properly set to 10MBps and full duplex, without negotation, as the ISP requested. A small /30 subnet is configured. For the sake of anonimity, let's say the machine is 3.3.3.2/30, and the ISP's gateway .1. The machine has no firewall settings whatsoever. Even running something like arping -I eth1 3.3.3.1, and running tcpdump alongside, shows no traffic whatsoever being transmitted on the interface. (But the other side keeps steadily sending ARP requests, and that is all that can be seen.) What could be causing this? Here's some output, anonymized, which may hopefully help: $ ethtool eth1 Settings for eth1: Supported ports: [ TP ] Supported link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full 100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full 1000baseT/Full Supports auto-negotiation: Yes Advertised link modes: Not reported Advertised auto-negotiation: No Speed: 10Mb/s Duplex: Full Port: Twisted Pair PHYAD: 1 Transceiver: internal Auto-negotiation: off Supports Wake-on: d Wake-on: d Link detected: yes $ ip link show eth1 3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000 link/ether 00:15:c5:xx:xx:xx brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff $ ip -4 addr show eth1 3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000 inet 3.3.3.2/30 brd 3.3.3.3 scope global eth1 $ ip -4 route show match 3.3.3.0/30 3.3.3.0/30 dev eth1 proto kernel scope link src 3.3.3.2 default via 10.0.0.5 dev eth0

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  • What server setup for a small web development company? [closed]

    - by Giordano
    I co-own a company with a friend of mine and we have decided to buy a new server to support our business (our current server is an Asus EEE Box, working great but too limited :) ). I should mention that we are web developers but occasionally we do small-office sys admin. Thus, 99% of time we work on GNU/Linux (mainly Ubuntu) but from time to time we need to setup a Windows environment to assist some customers (e.g. setup a temporary SQL Server 2008). Our requirements: Low budget: we don't want the cheapest solution out there but we can't afford to spend too much. Budget could be ~1000-1500€ (before VAT) Robustness: we would like to setup a RAID array and maybe have an external disk where we can store backups Virtualization: we need to be able to setup few servers for development. The scenario is something like this (~8 appliances running in parallel): Redmine + GIT server Bacula server FTP server 3-4 virtual appliances that could be set up on demand to test our applications or support a customer. The appliances could be: LAMP, Tomcat+PostgreSQL, SQL Server Support: if something breaks down it shouldn't be too difficult to find a replacement. Now, given the main requirements, there are some doubts we need to clarify: Do you suggest to buy a prepackaged solution (for example a customized Dell PowerEdge T110 or T310) or to assemble the server by ourselves (buy the separate components)? What RAID configuration do you suggest? I was thinking of RAID1 (probably cheaper) or RAID5. should we buy a hardware RAID controller or is it ok to use a software RAID (mdadm)? In case, which controller do you suggest? What processor do you suggest (Intel Xeon, i3, i5, i7, AMD)? How much RAM? (I was thinking at least 8GB, ~1GB per appliance) What virtualization software do you recommend? VMWare seems to be the best choice, but what about XEN or KVM? We don't want to buy licenses at the moment so we would like to consider only free options. What OS do you recommend? We know Ubuntu, Debian, Gentoo very well (we would like to use Ubuntu Server), however it seems a lot of people goes for CentOS. Thanks in advance if you can help us with this! It's our first "serious" server so many doubts popped up :) Please feel free to add further recommendations if you have some to share ;) Have a nice day

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  • Is it too early to start designing for Task Parallel Library?

    - by Joe Erickson
    I have been following the development of the .NET Task Parallel Library (TPL) with great interest since Microsoft first announced it. There is no doubt in my mind that we will eventually take advantage of TPL. What I am questioning is whether it makes sense to start taking advantage of TPL when Visual Studio 2010 and .NET 4.0 are released, or whether it makes sense to wait a while longer. Why Start Now? The .NET 4.0 Task Parallel Library appears to be well designed and some relatively simple tests demonstrate that it works well on today's multi-core CPUs. I have been very interested in the potential advantages of using multiple lightweight threads to speed up our software since buying my first quad processor Dell Poweredge 6400 about seven years ago. Experiments at that time indicated that it was not worth the effort, which I attributed largely to the overhead of moving data between each CPU's cache (there was no shared cache back then) and RAM. Competitive advantage - some of our customers can never get enough performance and there is no doubt that we can build a faster product using TPL today. It sounds fun. Yes, I realize that some developers would rather poke themselves in the eye with a sharp stick, but we really enjoy maximizing performance. Why Wait? Are today's Intel Nehalem CPUs representative of where we are going as multi-core support matures? You can purchase a Nehalem CPU with 4 cores which share a single level 3 cache today, and most likely a 6 core CPU sharing a single level 3 cache by the time Visual Studio 2010 / .NET 4.0 are released. Obviously, the number of cores will go up over time, but what about the architecture? As the number of cores goes up, will they still share a cache? One issue with Nehalem is the fact that, even though there is a very fast interconnect between the cores, they have non-uniform memory access (NUMA) which can lead to lower performance and less predictable results. Will future multi-core architectures be able to do away with NUMA? Similarly, will the .NET Task Parallel Library change as it matures, requiring modifications to code to fully take advantage of it? Limitations Our core engine is 100% C# and has to run without full trust, so we are limited to using .NET APIs.

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  • ESXI guests not using available CPU resources

    - by Alan M
    I have a VMWare ESXI 5.0.0 (it's a bit old, I know) host with three guest VMs on it. For reasons unknown, the guests will not use much of the availble CPU resources. I have all three guests in a single pool, with the hosts all configured to use the same amount of resource shares, so they're basically 33% each. The three guests are basically identically configured as far as their VM resources go. So the problem is, even when the guests are performing what should be very 'busy' activitites, such as at bootup, the actual host CPU consumed is something tiny, like 33mhz, when seen via vSphere console's "Virtual Machines" tab when viewing properties for the pool. And of course, the performance of the guest VMs is terrible. The host has plenty of CPU to spare. I've tried tinkering with individual guest VM resource settings; cranking up the reservation, etc. No matter. The guests just refuse to make use of the abundant CPU available to them, and insist on using a sliver of the available resources. Any suggestions? Update after reading various comments below Per the suggestions below, I did remove the guests from the application pool; this didn't make any difference. I do understand that the guests are not going to consume resources they do not need. I have tried to do a remote perfmon on the guest which is experiencing long boot times, but I cannot connect to the guest remotely with perfmon (guest is w2k8r2 server). Host graphs for CPU, Mem, Disk are basically flatlining; very little demand. Same is true for the guest stats; while the guest itself seems to be crawling, the guest resource graphing shows very little activity across CPU, Mem, Disk. Host is a Dell PowerEdge 2900, has 2 physical CPU,20gb RAM. (it's a test/dev environment using surplus gear) Guest1 has: VM ver. 7, 2vCPU, 4gb RAM, 140gb storage which lives on a RAID-5 array on the host. Guest2 has: VM ver. 7, 2vCPU, 4gb RAM, 140gb storage which lives on a RAID-5 array on the host. Guest3 has: VM ver. 7, 1vCPU, 2gb RAM, 2tb storage which lives on a RAID-5 ISCSI NAS box Perhaps I am making a false assumption that if a guest has a demand for CPU (e.g. Windows Task Manager shows 100% CPU), the host would supply the guest with more CPU (mem, disk) on demand. Another Update After checking the stats, it would appear that the host is indeed not busy at all, neither is the guest. I believe I have a good idea on the issue, though; a messed-up VMWare Tools install. The guest has VMware Tools on it, but the host says it does not. VMWare Tools refuses to uninstall, refuses to be upgraded, refuses to be recognized. While I cannot say with authority, this would appear to be something worth investigation. I do not know the origin of the guest itself, nor the specifics on the original VMWare Tools install. Following various bits of googling, I did come up with a few suggestions that went nowhere. To that end, I was going to delete this question, but was prompted not to do so since so many folks answered. My suspicion right now is; the problem truly is the guest; the guest is not making a demand on the host, and as a natural result, the host is treating the guest accordingly. My Final Update I am 99% certain the guest VM had something fundamentally wrong with it re VMWare Tools. I created a clone of a different VM with a near-identical OS config, but a properly working install of VMWare tools. The guest runs just great, and takes up it's allotment of resources when it needs to; e.g. it eats up about 850mhz CPU during startup, then ticks down to idle once the guest OS is stable.

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  • Performance of Cluster Shared Volume file copy from SAN

    - by Sequenzia
    I am hoping someone can help me out with a strange issue. We are running a Microsoft Failover Cluster with Server 2008 R2 and an Equallogic PS4000 SAN. Our main configuration has 2 Dell Poweredge T710 Servers in the cluster. We have CSV and Quorm setup. The servers each have 10 Broadcom 1Gb NICs. Right now 4 of the NICS are on the iSCSI network for accessing the SAN. They use MPIO and the Dell HIT pack. We have 5 VMs running on each node and everything runs smooth. No noticeable performance issues or anything. From the SAN I can see the 4 iSCSI connections from each server to each volume (CSV and Quorm). Again, it seems to perform great. The problem I am running into is with backups. I have tried a few backup programs like backupchain and Veeam. The problem is both of them are very very slow to backup the VMs. For instance I have a 500GB (fixed disc) VHD that’s running on the cluster. It takes over 18 hours to backup that VHD and that’s with compression and depuping turned off which is supposed to be the fasted. We also have a separate server that is just for backups. It has a lot of directed attached storage. As part of the troubleshooting I decided to bring that server into the cluster as a node. It now has access to the CSV and can read from C:\clusterstorage\volume1 which is where our VHDs live. This backup server only has 2 NICs. 1 NIC is going to the iSCSI network and the other is just on the main network. It has Intel NICS in it without any sort of MPIO or teaming. So with the 3rd server now in the cluster I started doing some benchmarking. I have a test VHD that’s about 7GBs that’s stored in the CSV. I have tested file copying that VHD from all 3 servers to directed attached storage in the respective server. The 2 Dell servers that are the main nodes in the cluster (they house the VMs) are reading that file at about 20Mbs/Sec. Which at that rate is way to slow for the backups. The other server which only has 1 NIC to the SAN is reading at around 100Mbs/Sec. I spent a few hours on the phone with Dell today about this . We went through all kind of tests and he was pretty dumb founded. He really has no idea why that server with only 1 NIC is reading about 5 times as fast as the servers with 4 NICS and MPIO. We looked at the network utilization of the NICs while the file copy was going on. The servers with the 4 NICs had a small increase of activity during the file copy but they only went up to around 8-10% on all 4 NICs. The other server with the 1 NIC jumped up to over 80% during the file copy. I plan on doing some more testing after hours and calling Dell back tomorrow but I really am confused (and so is Dell’s support rep) why I cannot get faster file copy access to the CSV on those servers. Anyone have any input on this? Any feedback would be greatly appreciated. Thanks in advance.

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  • md/raid:md2: cannot start dirty degraded array, kernel panic

    - by nl-x
    After having made use of a remote power switch, my server did not come back online. When I went to the datacenter and reboot the computer on the spot I see the server booting (I see the centos progress bar with running almost all the way to the end) and eventually giving the following messages: md/raid:md2: cannot start dirty degraded array. md/raid:md2: failed to run raid set. md: pers->run() failed ... md/raid:md2: cannot start dirty degraded array. md/raid:md2: failed to run raid set. md: pers->run() failed ... Kernel panic - not syncing: Attempted to kill init! Pid: 1, comm: init not tainted 2.6.32-279.1.1.el6.i686 #1 Call Trace: [<c083bfbc>] ? panic+0x68/0x11c [<c045a501>] ? do_exit+0x741/0x750 [<c045a54c>] ? do_group_exit+0x3c/0xa0 [<c045a5c1>] ? sys_exit_group+0x11/0x20 [<c083eba4>] ? syscall_call+0x7/0xb [<c083007b>] ? cmos_wake_setup+0x62/0x112 The server runs CentOS and has software raid, and I don't have backups of the raid settings. The only backup I have is of /home and the database dumps. (Glad to at least have those though.) Since the server is an old Dell PowerEdge 1750 with no CD-ROM drive, I have no way of booting the machine from a boot disk. I also remember in the past that the server also wouldn't boot from a bootable USB disk. So the only way I know how to boot the server is to go to the datacenter, pick up the server and take it to the office. Screw open the server. Attach a cdrom drive to an IDE slot on the motherboard. And then boot it. I am hoping you guys could help me avoid this. I have looked a bit through the boot options and I found the following boot options. When CentOS is about to boot and interrupt the boot-countdown: CentOS (2.6.32-279.1.1.el63.i686) CentOS Linux (2.6.32-71.29.1.el6.i686) centos (2.6.32-71.el6.i686) I think the first configuration is the default one, because choosing that gets me to the above mentioned kernel panic. The other ones end with something like "Sleeping forever". I can press 'e' to edit boot commands, press 'a' to modify kernel arguments and press 'c' for grub command line. The command line gives a grub prompt. But I have no idea how to get the system to boot without (trying to) access the dirty partitions. What I want to do is off course: - boot the machine - check hard drive for errors - mark the drive as clean

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  • Setup access to SAS RAID drives with NTFS partitions on CentOS Machine

    - by Quanano
    We have a Dell Poweredge 2900 system with Adaptec 39320A SCSI CONTROLLER CARD and 4 SAS hard drives attached, with NTFS partitions on them. We installed CentOS on the other raid array with a different controller and it is working fine. We are now trying to access the drives shown above and they are not being shown in /dev as sdb, etc. sda is the drive that we installed centos on and it has sda1, sda2, sda3, etc. The CDROM has been picked up as well. If I scan for scsi devices then the perc and adaptec controllers are both found. sg0 is the CDROM and sg2 is the centos installed, however I think sg1 is the other drive but I cannot see anyway to mount the partitions, as only the drive is listed in /dev. Thanks. EXTRA INFO fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 72.7 GB, 72746008576 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8844 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x11e3119f Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 64 8845 70528000 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/mapper/vg_lal2server-lv_root: 34.4 GB, 34431041536 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4186 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/mapper/vg_lal2server-lv_root doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/mapper/vg_lal2server-lv_swap: 21.1 GB, 21139292160 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2570 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/mapper/vg_lal2server-lv_swap doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/mapper/vg_lal2server-lv_home: 16.6 GB, 16647192576 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2023 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/mapper/vg_lal2server-lv_home doesn't contain a valid partition table These are all from the install hdd not the additional hard drives modprobe a320raid FATAL: Module a320raid not found. lsscsi -v [0:0:0:0] cd/dvd TSSTcorp CDRWDVD TS-H492C DE02 /dev/sr0 dir: /sys/bus/scsi/devices/0:0:0:0 [/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.1/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0] [4:0:10:0] enclosu DP BACKPLANE 1.05 - dir: /sys/bus/scsi/devices/4:0:10:0 [/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:05.0/0000:01:00.0/0000:02:0e.0/host4/target4:0:10/4:0:10:0] [4:2:0:0] disk DELL PERC 5/i 1.03 /dev/sda dir: /sys/bus/scsi/devices/4:2:0:0 [/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:05.0/0000:01:00.0/0000:02:0e.0/host4/target4:2:0/4:2:0:0] . lsmod Module Size Used by fuse 66285 0 des_generic 16604 0 ecb 2209 0 md4 3461 0 nls_utf8 1455 0 cifs 278370 0 autofs4 26888 4 ipt_REJECT 2383 0 ip6t_REJECT 4628 2 nf_conntrack_ipv6 8748 2 nf_defrag_ipv6 12182 1 nf_conntrack_ipv6 xt_state 1492 2 nf_conntrack 79453 2 nf_conntrack_ipv6,xt_state ip6table_filter 2889 1 ip6_tables 19458 1 ip6table_filter ipv6 322029 31 ip6t_REJECT,nf_conntrack_ipv6,nf_defrag_ipv6 bnx2 79618 0 ses 6859 0 enclosure 8395 1 ses dcdbas 9219 0 serio_raw 4818 0 sg 30124 0 iTCO_wdt 13662 0 iTCO_vendor_support 3088 1 iTCO_wdt i5000_edac 8867 0 edac_core 46773 3 i5000_edac i5k_amb 5105 0 shpchp 33482 0 ext4 364410 3 mbcache 8144 1 ext4 jbd2 88738 1 ext4 sd_mod 39488 3 crc_t10dif 1541 1 sd_mod sr_mod 16228 0 cdrom 39771 1 sr_mod megaraid_sas 77090 2 aic79xx 129492 0 scsi_transport_spi 26151 1 aic79xx pata_acpi 3701 0 ata_generic 3837 0 ata_piix 22846 0 radeon 1023359 1 ttm 70328 1 radeon drm_kms_helper 33236 1 radeon drm 230675 3 radeon,ttm,drm_kms_helper i2c_algo_bit 5762 1 radeon i2c_core 31276 4 radeon,drm_kms_helper,drm,i2c_algo_bit dm_mirror 14101 0 dm_region_hash 12170 1 dm_mirror dm_log 10122 2 dm_mirror,dm_region_hash dm_mod 81500 11 dm_mirror,dm_log

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  • Hour-long shutdown duration "shutting down hyper-v virtual machine management service"

    - by icelava
    I have a Windows 2008 R2 server that is a Hyper-V host (Dell PowerEdge T300). Today for the first time I encountered an odd situation; i lost connection with one of the guest machines but logging on physically it seems the guest OS is still running but no longer contactable via the network. I tried to shut down the guest machine (Windows XP) but it would not shut down, getting stuck in a "Not responding" dialog box that cannot be dismissed. I used the Hyper-V management console to reset the machine and it could not get out of resetting state. I tried to save another Windows 2003 guest machine, and it would be progress with its Saving state (0%). The other running Windows 2003 guest was stuck in the logon dialog. My first suspicion is perhaps one of the Windows update patches this week (10 Nov 2011) may something to do with it, which was still pending a system restart. Well, since I could not do anything with Hyper-V i proceeded with the Windows Update restart, and now it is stuck half an hour at "Shutting down hyper-v virtual machine management service" Prior to restarting I did not observe any hard disk errors reported in the system event log; doubt it is a disk-related condition. Shall I force a hard reboot? UPDATE Ok so i left it hanging over an hour while attending to other matters, and thankfully the host cleanly restarted. I can operate the guest machines fine now. Phew. Hyper-V must have been crawling for some reason. The VMs have been observed to become slow in the past when the host has been up for a long duration (two weeks to a month), but never this slow. Would love to know what types of performance monitoring items i can observe to give a hint why this can happen. UPDATE 2012-02-13 In the months ever since, Hyper-V has stalled into this state another two times. It appears so randomly and without any error event logs to hint what is causing it enter this "drunkard" state. Just an Hyper-V management service timeout. Log Name: System Source: Service Control Manager Date: 13/2/2012 9:16:48 AM Event ID: 7043 Task Category: None Level: Error Keywords: Classic User: N/A Computer: elune Description: The Hyper-V Virtual Machine Management service did not shut down properly after receiving a preshutdown control. Event Xml: <Event xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/win/2004/08/events/event"> <System> <Provider Name="Service Control Manager" Guid="{555908d1-a6d7-4695-8e1e-26931d2012f4}" EventSourceName="Service Control Manager" /> <EventID Qualifiers="49152">7043</EventID> <Version>0</Version> <Level>2</Level> <Task>0</Task> <Opcode>0</Opcode> <Keywords>0x8080000000000000</Keywords> <TimeCreated SystemTime="2012-02-13T01:16:48.882901900Z" /> <EventRecordID>567844</EventRecordID> <Correlation /> <Execution ProcessID="764" ThreadID="8484" /> <Channel>System</Channel> <Computer>elune</Computer> <Security /> </System> <EventData> <Data Name="param1">Hyper-V Virtual Machine Management</Data> </EventData> </Event> The only means out of it is to restart the system.

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  • Oracle Expands Sun Blade Portfolio for Cloud and Highly Virtualized Environments

    - by Ferhat Hatay
    Oracle announced the expansion of Sun Blade Portfolio for cloud and highly virtualized environments that deliver powerful performance and simplified management as tightly integrated systems.  Along with the SPARC T3-1B blade server, Oracle VM blade cluster reference configuration and Oracle's optimized solution for Oracle WebLogic Suite, Oracle introduced the dual-node Sun Blade X6275 M2 server module with some impressive benchmark results.   Benchmarks on the Sun Blade X6275 M2 server module demonstrate the outstanding performance characteristics critical for running varied commercial applications used in cloud and highly virtualized environments.  These include best-in-class SPEC CPU2006 results with the Intel Xeon processor 5600 series, six Fluent world records and 1.8 times the price-performance of the IBM Power 755 running NAMD, a prominent bio-informatics workload.   Benchmarks for Sun Blade X6275 M2 server module  SPEC CPU2006  The Sun Blade X6275 M2 server module demonstrated best in class SPECint_rate2006 results for all published results using the Intel Xeon processor 5600 series, with a result of 679.  This result is 97% better than the HP BL460c G7 blade, 80% better than the IBM HS22V blade, and 79% better than the Dell M710 blade.  This result demonstrates the density advantage of the new Oracle's server module for space-constrained data centers.     Sun Blade X6275M2 (2 Nodes, Intel Xeon X5670 2.93GHz) - 679 SPECint_rate2006; HP ProLiant BL460c G7 (2.93 GHz, Intel Xeon X5670) - 347 SPECint_rate2006; IBM BladeCenter HS22V (Intel Xeon X5680)  - 377 SPECint_rate2006; Dell PowerEdge M710 (Intel Xeon X5680, 3.33 GHz) - 380 SPECint_rate2006.  SPEC, SPECint, SPECfp reg tm of Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation. Results from www.spec.org as of 11/24/2010 and this report.    For more specifics about these results, please go to see http://blogs.sun.com/BestPerf   Fluent The Sun Fire X6275 M2 server module produced world-record results on each of the six standard cases in the current "FLUENT 12" benchmark test suite at 8-, 12-, 24-, 32-, 64- and 96-core configurations. These results beat the most recent QLogic score with IBM DX 360 M series platforms and QLogic "Truescale" interconnects.  Results on sedan_4m test case on the Sun Blade X6275 M2 server module are 23% better than the HP C7000 system, and 20% better than the IBM DX 360 M2; Dell has not posted a result for this test case.  Results can be found at the FLUENT website.   ANSYS's FLUENT software solves fluid flow problems, and is based on a numerical technique called computational fluid dynamics (CFD), which is used in the automotive, aerospace, and consumer products industries. The FLUENT 12 benchmark test suite consists of seven models that are well suited for multi-node clustered environments and representative of modern engineering CFD clusters. Vendors benchmark their systems with the principal objective of providing comparative performance information for FLUENT software that, among other things, depends on compilers, optimization, interconnect, and the performance characteristics of the hardware.   FLUENT application performance is representative of other commercial applications that require memory and CPU resources to be available in a scalable cluster-ready format.  FLUENT benchmark has six conventional test cases (eddy_417k, turbo_500k, aircraft_2m, sedan_4m, truck_14m, truck_poly_14m) at various core counts.   All information on the FLUENT website (http://www.fluent.com) is Copyrighted1995-2010 by ANSYS Inc. Results as of November 24, 2010. For more specifics about these results, please go to see http://blogs.sun.com/BestPerf   NAMD Results on the Sun Blade X6275 M2 server module running NAMD (a parallel molecular dynamics code designed for high-performance simulation of large biomolecular systems) show up to a 1.8X better price/performance than IBM's Power 7-based system.  For space-constrained environments, the ultra-dense Sun Blade X6275 M2 server module provides a 1.7X better price/performance per rack unit than IBM's system.     IBM Power 755 4-way Cluster (16U). Total price for cluster: $324,212. See IBM United States Hardware Announcement 110-008, dated February 9, 2010, pp. 4, 21 and 39-46.  Sun Blade X6275 M2 8-Blade Cluster (10U). Total price for cluster:  $193,939. Price/performance and performance/RU comparisons based on f1ATPase molecule test results. Sun Blade X6275 M2 cluster: $3,568/step/sec, 5.435 step/sec/RU. IBM Power 755 cluster: $6,355/step/sec, 3.189 step/sec/U. See http://www-03.ibm.com/systems/power/hardware/reports/system_perf.html. See http://www.ks.uiuc.edu/Research/namd/performance.html for more information, results as of 11/24/10.   For more specifics about these results, please go to see http://blogs.sun.com/BestPerf   Reverse Time Migration The Reverse Time Migration is heavily used in geophysical imaging and modeling for Oil & Gas Exploration.  The Sun Blade X6275 M2 server module showed up to a 40% performance improvement over the previous generation server module with super-linear scalability to 16 nodes for the 9-Point Stencil used in this Reverse Time Migration computational kernel.  The balanced combination of Oracle's Sun Storage 7410 system with the Sun Blade X6275 M2 server module cluster showed linear scalability for the total application throughput, including the I/O and MPI communication, to produce a final 3-D seismic depth imaged cube for interpretation. The final image write time from the Sun Blade X6275 M2 server module nodes to Oracle's Sun Storage 7410 system achieved 10GbE line speed of 1.25 GBytes/second or better performance. Between subsequent runs, the effects of I/O buffer caching on the Sun Blade X6275 M2 server module nodes and write optimized caching on the Sun Storage 7410 system gave up to 1.8 GBytes/second effective write performance. The performance results and characterization of this Reverse Time Migration benchmark could serve as a useful measure for many other I/O intensive commercial applications. 3D VTI Reverse Time Migration Seismic Depth Imaging, see http://blogs.sun.com/BestPerf/entry/3d_vti_reverse_time_migration for more information, results as of 11/14/2010.                            

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  • Load-balancing between a Procurve switch and a server

    - by vlad
    Hello I've been searching around the web for this problem i've been having. It's similar in a way to this question: How exactly & specifically does layer 3 LACP destination address hashing work? My setup is as follows: I have a central switch, a Procurve 2510G-24, image version Y.11.16. It's the center of a star topology, there are four switches connected to it via a single gigabit link. Those switches service the users. On the central switch, I have a server with two gigabit interfaces that I want to bond together in order to achieve higher throughput, and two other servers that have single gigabit connections to the switch. The topology looks as follows: sw1 sw2 sw3 sw4 | | | | --------------------- | sw0 | --------------------- || | | srv1 srv2 srv3 The servers were running FreeBSD 8.1. On srv1 I set up a lagg interface using the lacp protocol, and on the switch I set up a trunk for the two ports using lacp as well. The switch showed that the server was a lacp partner, I could ping the server from another computer, and the server could ping other computers. If I unplugged one of the cables, the connection would keep working, so everything looked fine. Until I tested throughput. There was only one link used between srv1 and sw0. All testing was conducted with iperf, and load distribution was checked with systat -ifstat. I was looking to test the load balancing for both receive and send operations, as I want this server to be a file server. There were therefore two scenarios: iperf -s on srv1 and iperf -c on the other servers iperf -s on the other servers and iperf -c on srv1 connected to all the other servers. Every time only one link was used. If one cable was unplugged, the connections would keep going. However, once the cable was plugged back in, the load was not distributed. Each and every server is able to fill the gigabit link. In one-to-one test scenarios, iperf was reporting around 940Mbps. The CPU usage was around 20%, which means that the servers could withstand a doubling of the throughput. srv1 is a dell poweredge sc1425 with onboard intel 82541GI nics (em driver on freebsd). After troubleshooting a previous problem with vlan tagging on top of a lagg interface, it turned out that the em could not support this. So I figured that maybe something else is wrong with the em drivers and / or lagg stack, so I started up backtrack 4r2 on this same server. So srv1 now uses linux kernel 2.6.35.8. I set up a bonding interface bond0. The kernel module was loaded with option mode=4 in order to get lacp. The switch was happy with the link, I could ping to and from the server. I could even put vlans on top of the bonding interface. However, only half the problem was solved: if I used srv1 as a client to the other servers, iperf was reporting around 940Mbps for each connection, and bwm-ng showed, of course, a nice distribution of the load between the two nics; if I run the iperf server on srv1 and tried to connect with the other servers, there was no load balancing. I thought that maybe I was out of luck and the hashes for the two mac addresses of the clients were the same, so I brought in two new servers and tested with the four of them at the same time, and still nothing changed. I tried disabling and reenabling one of the links, and all that happened was the traffic switched from one link to the other and back to the first again. I also tried setting the trunk to "plain trunk mode" on the switch, and experimented with other bonding modes (roundrobin, xor, alb, tlb) but I never saw any traffic distribution. One interesting thing, though: one of the four switches is a Cisco 2950, image version 12.1(22)EA7. It has 48 10/100 ports and 2 gigabit uplinks. I have a server (call it srv4) with a 4 channel trunk connected to it (4x100), FreeBSD 8.0 release. The switch is connected to sw0 via gigabit. If I set up an iperf server on one of the servers connected to sw0 and a client on srv4, ALL 4 links are used, and iperf reports around 330Mbps. systat -ifstat shows all four interfaces are used. The cisco port-channel uses src-mac to balance the load. The HP should use both the source and destination according to the manual, so it should work as well. Could this mean there is some bug in the HP firmware? Am I doing something wrong?

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  • CentOS - Add additional hard drive raid arrays on Dell Perc 5/i card

    - by Quanano
    We have a Dell Poweredge 2900 system with Dell Perc 5/i card and 4 SAS hard drives attached, with NTFS partitions on them. We installed CentOS on one raid array on this controller with a different controller and it is working fine. We are now trying to access the drives shown above and they are not being shown in /dev as sdb, etc. sda is the drive that we installed centos on and it has sda1, sda2, sda3, etc. The CDROM has been picked up as well. If I scan for scsi devices then the perc and adaptec controllers are both found. sg0 is the CDROM and sg2 is the centos installed, however I think sg1 is the other drive but I cannot see anyway to mount the partitions, as only the drive is listed in /dev. Thanks. EXTRA INFO fdisk -l: Disk /dev/sda: 72.7 GB, 72746008576 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8844 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x11e3119f Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 64 8845 70528000 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/mapper/vg_lal2server-lv_root: 34.4 GB, 34431041536 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4186 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/mapper/vg_lal2server-lv_root doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/mapper/vg_lal2server-lv_swap: 21.1 GB, 21139292160 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2570 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/mapper/vg_lal2server-lv_swap doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/mapper/vg_lal2server-lv_home: 16.6 GB, 16647192576 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2023 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/mapper/vg_lal2server-lv_home doesn't contain a valid partition table These are all from the install hdd not the additional hard drives modprobe a320raid FATAL: Module a320raid not found. lsscsi -v: [0:0:0:0] cd/dvd TSSTcorp CDRWDVD TS-H492C DE02 /dev/sr0 dir: /sys/bus/scsi/devices/0:0:0:0 [/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.1/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0] [4:0:10:0] enclosu DP BACKPLANE 1.05 - dir: /sys/bus/scsi/devices/4:0:10:0 [/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:05.0/0000:01:00.0/0000:02:0e.0/host4/target4:0:10/4:0:10:0] [4:2:0:0] disk DELL PERC 5/i 1.03 /dev/sda dir: /sys/bus/scsi/devices/4:2:0:0 [/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:05.0/0000:01:00.0/0000:02:0e.0/host4/target4:2:0/4:2:0:0] . lsmod: Module Size Used by fuse 66285 0 des_generic 16604 0 ecb 2209 0 md4 3461 0 nls_utf8 1455 0 cifs 278370 0 autofs4 26888 4 ipt_REJECT 2383 0 ip6t_REJECT 4628 2 nf_conntrack_ipv6 8748 2 nf_defrag_ipv6 12182 1 nf_conntrack_ipv6 xt_state 1492 2 nf_conntrack 79453 2 nf_conntrack_ipv6,xt_state ip6table_filter 2889 1 ip6_tables 19458 1 ip6table_filter ipv6 322029 31 ip6t_REJECT,nf_conntrack_ipv6,nf_defrag_ipv6 bnx2 79618 0 ses 6859 0 enclosure 8395 1 ses dcdbas 9219 0 serio_raw 4818 0 sg 30124 0 iTCO_wdt 13662 0 iTCO_vendor_support 3088 1 iTCO_wdt i5000_edac 8867 0 edac_core 46773 3 i5000_edac i5k_amb 5105 0 shpchp 33482 0 ext4 364410 3 mbcache 8144 1 ext4 jbd2 88738 1 ext4 sd_mod 39488 3 crc_t10dif 1541 1 sd_mod sr_mod 16228 0 cdrom 39771 1 sr_mod megaraid_sas 77090 2 aic79xx 129492 0 scsi_transport_spi 26151 1 aic79xx pata_acpi 3701 0 ata_generic 3837 0 ata_piix 22846 0 radeon 1023359 1 ttm 70328 1 radeon drm_kms_helper 33236 1 radeon drm 230675 3 radeon,ttm,drm_kms_helper i2c_algo_bit 5762 1 radeon i2c_core 31276 4 radeon,drm_kms_helper,drm,i2c_algo_bit dm_mirror 14101 0 dm_region_hash 12170 1 dm_mirror dm_log 10122 2 dm_mirror,dm_region_hash dm_mod 81500 11 dm_mirror,dm_log blkid: /dev/sda1: UUID="bc4777d9-ae2c-4c58-96ea-cedb342b8338" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sda2: UUID="j2wRZr-Mlko-QWBR-BndC-V2uN-vdhO-iKCuYu" TYPE="LVM2_member" /dev/mapper/vg_lal2server-lv_root: UUID="9238208a-1daf-4c3c-aa9b-469f0387ebee" TYPE="ext4" /dev/mapper/vg_lal2server-lv_swap: UUID="dbefb39c-5871-4bc9-b767-1ef18f12bd3d" TYPE="swap" /dev/mapper/vg_lal2server-lv_home: UUID="ec698993-08b7-443e-84f0-9f9cb31c5da8" TYPE="ext4" dmesg shows: megaraid_sas: fw state:c0000000 megasas: fwstate:c0000000, dis_OCR=0 scsi2 : LSI SAS based MegaRAID driver scsi 2:0:0:0: Direct-Access SEAGATE ST3146855SS S527 PQ: 0 ANSI: 5 scsi 2:0:1:0: Direct-Access SEAGATE ST3146855SS S527 PQ: 0 ANSI: 5 scsi 2:0:2:0: Direct-Access SEAGATE ST3146855SS S527 PQ: 0 ANSI: 5 scsi 2:0:3:0: Direct-Access SEAGATE ST3146855SS S527 PQ: 0 ANSI: 5 scsi 2:0:4:0: Direct-Access HITACHI HUS154545VLS300 D590 PQ: 0 ANSI: 5 scsi 2:0:5:0: Direct-Access HITACHI HUS154545VLS300 D590 PQ: 0 ANSI: 5 scsi 2:0:8:0: Direct-Access FUJITSU MBA3073RC D305 PQ: 0 ANSI: 5 scsi 2:0:9:0: Direct-Access FUJITSU MBA3073RC D305 PQ: 0 ANSI: 5 i.e. the 3 RAID Arrays Seagate Hitatchi and Fujitsu hard drives respectively. FURTHER UPDATE I have installed the megaraid storage manager console and connected to the server. It appears that the two CentOS installation hard drives are OK. The other 6 drives, one raid array of 4 and one raid array of 2 disks. The other drives are listed as (Foreign) Unconfigured Good.

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  • Why load increase ,ssd iops increase but cpu iowait decrease?

    - by mq44944
    There is a strange thing on my server which has a mysql running on it. The QPS is more than 4000 but TPS is less than 20. The server load is more than 80 and cpu usr is more than 86% but iowait is less than 8%. The disk iops is more than 16000 and util of disk is more than 99%. When the QPS decreases, the load decreases, the cpu iowait increases. I can't catch this! root@mypc # dmidecode | grep "Product Name" Product Name: PowerEdge R510 Product Name: 084YMW root@mypc # megacli -PDList -aALL |grep "Inquiry Data" Inquiry Data: SEAGATE ST3600057SS ES656SL316PT Inquiry Data: SEAGATE ST3600057SS ES656SL30THV Inquiry Data: ATA INTEL SSDSA2CW300362CVPR201602A6300EGN Inquiry Data: ATA INTEL SSDSA2CW300362CVPR2044037K300EGN Inquiry Data: ATA INTEL SSDSA2CW300362CVPR204402PX300EGN Inquiry Data: ATA INTEL SSDSA2CW300362CVPR204403WN300EGN Inquiry Data: ATA INTEL SSDSA2CW300362CVPR202000HU300EGN Inquiry Data: ATA INTEL SSDSA2CW300362CVPR202001E7300EGN Inquiry Data: ATA INTEL SSDSA2CW300362CVPR204402WE300EGN Inquiry Data: ATA INTEL SSDSA2CW300362CVPR204404E5300EGN Inquiry Data: ATA INTEL SSDSA2CW300362CVPR204401QF300EGN Inquiry Data: ATA INTEL SSDSA2CW300362CVPR20450001300EGN the mysql data files lie on the ssd disks which are organizaed using RAID 10. root@mypc # megacli -LDInfo -L1 -a0 Adapter 0 -- Virtual Drive Information: Virtual Disk: 1 (Target Id: 1) Name: RAID Level: Primary-1, Secondary-0, RAID Level Qualifier-0 Size:1427840MB State: Optimal Stripe Size: 64kB Number Of Drives:2 Span Depth:5 Default Cache Policy: WriteThrough, ReadAheadNone, Direct, No Write Cache if Bad BBU Current Cache Policy: WriteThrough, ReadAheadNone, Direct, No Write Cache if Bad BBU Access Policy: Read/Write Disk Cache Policy: Disk's Default Exit Code: 0x00 -------- -----load-avg---- ---cpu-usage--- ---swap--- -------------------------io-usage----------------------- -QPS- -TPS- -Hit%- time | 1m 5m 15m |usr sys idl iow| si so| r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s queue await svctm %util| ins upd del sel iud| lor hit| 09:05:29|79.80 64.49 42.00| 82 7 6 5| 0 0|16421.1 10.6262705.9 85.2 8.3 0.5 0.1 99.5| 0 0 0 3968 0| 495482 96.58| 09:05:30|79.80 64.49 42.00| 79 7 8 6| 0 0|15907.4 230.6254409.7 6357.5 8.4 0.5 0.1 98.5| 0 0 0 4195 0| 496434 96.68| 09:05:31|81.34 65.07 42.31| 81 7 7 5| 0 0|16198.7 8.6259029.2 99.8 8.1 0.5 0.1 99.3| 0 0 0 4220 0| 508983 96.70| 09:05:32|81.34 65.07 42.31| 82 7 5 5| 0 0|16746.6 8.7267853.3 92.4 8.5 0.5 0.1 99.4| 0 0 0 4084 0| 503834 96.54| 09:05:33|81.34 65.07 42.31| 81 7 6 5| 0 0|16498.7 9.6263856.8 92.3 8.0 0.5 0.1 99.3| 0 0 0 4030 0| 507051 96.60| 09:05:34|81.34 65.07 42.31| 80 8 7 6| 0 0|16328.4 11.5261101.6 95.8 8.1 0.5 0.1 98.3| 0 0 0 4119 0| 504409 96.63| 09:05:35|81.31 65.33 42.52| 82 7 6 5| 0 0|16374.0 8.7261921.9 92.5 8.1 0.5 0.1 99.7| 0 0 0 4127 0| 507279 96.66| 09:05:36|81.31 65.33 42.52| 81 8 6 5| 0 0|16496.2 8.6263832.0 84.5 8.5 0.5 0.1 99.2| 0 0 0 4100 0| 505054 96.59| 09:05:37|81.31 65.33 42.52| 82 8 6 4| 0 0|16239.4 9.6259768.8 84.3 8.0 0.5 0.1 99.1| 0 0 0 4273 0| 510621 96.72| 09:05:38|81.31 65.33 42.52| 81 7 6 5| 0 0|16349.6 8.7261439.2 81.4 8.2 0.5 0.1 98.9| 0 0 0 4171 0| 510145 96.67| 09:05:39|81.31 65.33 42.52| 82 7 6 5| 0 0|16116.8 8.7257667.6 96.5 8.0 0.5 0.1 99.1| 0 0 0 4348 0| 513093 96.74| 09:05:40|79.60 65.24 42.61| 79 7 7 7| 0 0|16154.2 242.9258390.4 6388.4 8.5 0.5 0.1 99.0| 0 0 0 4033 0| 507244 96.70| 09:05:41|79.60 65.24 42.61| 79 7 8 6| 0 0|16583.1 21.2265129.6 173.5 8.2 0.5 0.1 99.1| 0 0 0 3995 0| 501474 96.57| 09:05:42|79.60 65.24 42.61| 81 8 6 5| 0 0|16281.0 9.7260372.2 69.5 8.3 0.5 0.1 98.7| 0 0 0 4221 0| 509322 96.70| 09:05:43|79.60 65.24 42.61| 80 7 7 6| 0 0|16355.3 8.7261515.5 104.3 8.2 0.5 0.1 99.6| 0 0 0 4087 0| 502052 96.62| -------- -----load-avg---- ---cpu-usage--- ---swap--- -------------------------io-usage----------------------- -QPS- -TPS- -Hit%- time | 1m 5m 15m |usr sys idl iow| si so| r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s queue await svctm %util| ins upd del sel iud| lor hit| 09:05:44|79.60 65.24 42.61| 83 7 5 4| 0 0|16469.4 11.6263387.0 138.8 8.2 0.5 0.1 98.7| 0 0 0 4292 0| 509979 96.65| 09:05:45|79.07 65.37 42.77| 80 7 6 6| 0 0|16659.5 9.7266478.7 85.0 8.4 0.5 0.1 98.5| 0 0 0 3899 0| 496234 96.54| 09:05:46|79.07 65.37 42.77| 78 7 7 8| 0 0|16752.9 8.7267921.8 97.1 8.4 0.5 0.1 98.9| 0 0 0 4126 0| 508300 96.57| 09:05:47|79.07 65.37 42.77| 82 7 6 5| 0 0|16657.2 9.6266439.3 84.3 8.3 0.5 0.1 98.9| 0 0 0 4086 0| 502171 96.57| 09:05:48|79.07 65.37 42.77| 79 8 6 6| 0 0|16814.5 8.7268924.1 77.6 8.5 0.5 0.1 99.0| 0 0 0 4059 0| 499645 96.52| 09:05:49|79.07 65.37 42.77| 81 7 6 5| 0 0|16553.0 6.8264708.6 42.5 8.3 0.5 0.1 99.4| 0 0 0 4249 0| 501623 96.60| 09:05:50|79.63 65.71 43.01| 79 7 7 7| 0 0|16295.1 246.9260475.0 6442.4 8.7 0.5 0.1 99.1| 0 0 0 4231 0| 511032 96.70| 09:05:51|79.63 65.71 43.01| 80 7 6 6| 0 0|16568.9 8.7264919.7 104.7 8.3 0.5 0.1 99.7| 0 0 0 4272 0| 517177 96.68| 09:05:53|79.63 65.71 43.01| 79 7 7 6| 0 0|16539.0 8.6264502.9 87.6 8.4 0.5 0.1 98.9| 0 0 0 3992 0| 496728 96.52| 09:05:54|79.63 65.71 43.01| 79 7 7 7| 0 0|16527.5 11.6264363.6 92.6 8.5 0.5 0.1 98.8| 0 0 0 4045 0| 502944 96.59| 09:05:55|79.63 65.71 43.01| 80 7 7 6| 0 0|16374.7 12.5261687.2 134.9 8.6 0.5 0.1 99.2| 0 0 0 4143 0| 507006 96.66| 09:05:56|76.05 65.20 42.96| 77 8 8 8| 0 0|16464.9 9.6263314.3 111.9 8.5 0.5 0.1 98.9| 0 0 0 4250 0| 505417 96.64| 09:05:57|76.05 65.20 42.96| 79 7 6 7| 0 0|16460.1 8.8263283.2 93.4 8.3 0.5 0.1 98.8| 0 0 0 4294 0| 508168 96.66| 09:05:58|76.05 65.20 42.96| 80 7 7 7| 0 0|16176.5 9.6258762.1 127.3 8.3 0.5 0.1 98.9| 0 0 0 4160 0| 509349 96.72| 09:05:59|76.05 65.20 42.96| 75 7 9 10| 0 0|16522.0 10.7264274.6 93.1 8.6 0.5 0.1 97.5| 0 0 0 4034 0| 492623 96.51| -------- -----load-avg---- ---cpu-usage--- ---swap--- -------------------------io-usage----------------------- -QPS- -TPS- -Hit%- time | 1m 5m 15m |usr sys idl iow| si so| r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s queue await svctm %util| ins upd del sel iud| lor hit| 09:06:00|76.05 65.20 42.96| 79 7 7 7| 0 0|16369.6 21.2261867.3 262.5 8.4 0.5 0.1 98.9| 0 0 0 4305 0| 494509 96.59| 09:06:01|75.33 65.23 43.09| 73 6 9 12| 0 0|15864.0 209.3253685.4 6238.0 10.0 0.6 0.1 98.7| 0 0 0 3913 0| 483480 96.62| 09:06:02|75.33 65.23 43.09| 73 7 8 12| 0 0|15854.7 12.7253613.2 93.6 11.0 0.7 0.1 99.0| 0 0 0 4271 0| 483771 96.64| 09:06:03|75.33 65.23 43.09| 75 7 9 9| 0 0|16074.8 8.7257104.3 81.7 8.1 0.5 0.1 98.5| 0 0 0 4060 0| 480701 96.55| 09:06:04|75.33 65.23 43.09| 76 7 8 9| 0 0|16221.7 9.7259500.1 139.4 8.1 0.5 0.1 97.6| 0 0 0 3953 0| 486774 96.56| 09:06:05|74.98 65.33 43.24| 78 7 8 8| 0 0|16330.7 8.7261166.5 85.3 8.2 0.5 0.1 98.5| 0 0 0 3957 0| 481775 96.53| 09:06:06|74.98 65.33 43.24| 75 7 9 9| 0 0|16093.7 11.7257436.1 93.7 8.2 0.5 0.1 99.2| 0 0 0 3938 0| 489251 96.60| 09:06:07|74.98 65.33 43.24| 75 7 5 13| 0 0|15758.9 19.2251989.4 188.2 14.7 0.9 0.1 99.7| 0 0 0 4140 0| 494738 96.70| 09:06:08|74.98 65.33 43.24| 69 7 10 15| 0 0|16166.3 8.7258474.9 81.2 8.9 0.5 0.1 98.7| 0 0 0 3993 0| 487162 96.58| 09:06:09|74.98 65.33 43.24| 74 7 9 10| 0 0|16071.0 8.7257010.9 93.3 8.2 0.5 0.1 99.2| 0 0 0 4098 0| 491557 96.61| 09:06:10|70.98 64.66 43.14| 71 7 9 12| 0 0|15549.6 216.1248701.1 6188.7 8.3 0.5 0.1 97.8| 0 0 0 3879 0| 480832 96.66| 09:06:11|70.98 64.66 43.14| 71 7 10 13| 0 0|16233.7 22.4259568.1 257.1 8.2 0.5 0.1 99.2| 0 0 0 4088 0| 493200 96.62| 09:06:12|70.98 64.66 43.14| 78 7 8 7| 0 0|15932.4 10.6254779.5 108.1 8.1 0.5 0.1 98.6| 0 0 0 4168 0| 489838 96.63| 09:06:13|70.98 64.66 43.14| 71 8 9 12| 0 0|16255.9 11.5259902.3 103.9 8.3 0.5 0.1 98.0| 0 0 0 3874 0| 481246 96.52| 09:06:14|70.98 64.66 43.14| 60 6 16 18| 0 0|15621.0 9.7249826.1 81.9 8.0 0.5 0.1 99.3| 0 0 0 3956 0| 480278 96.65|

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  • Backing up my data causes my server to crash using Symantec Backup Exec 12, or How I Came to Loathe

    - by Kyle Noland
    I have a Dell PowerEdge 2850 running Windows Server 2003. It is the primary file server for one of my clients. I have another server also running Windows Server 2003 that acts as the core media server for Symantec Backup Exec 12. I recently upgraded from Backup Exec 11d to 12. This upgrade was necessary because we also just upgraded from Exchange 2003 to Exchange 2007. After the upgrade I had to push-install the new version 12 Backup Exec Remote Agents to each of the servers I am backing up (about 6 total). 5 of my servers are doing just fine, faithfully completing backups every night. My file server routinely crashes. Observations: When the server crashes, it does not blue screen, it just locks up completely. Even the mouse is unresponsive. If you leave the server locked up long enough, it will eventually reboot itself and hang on the Windows splash screen. There is absolutely zero useful Event Viewer evidence of a problem. The logs go from routine logging to an Unexplained Shutdown Event the next morning when I have to hard reset the server to get it to boot. 90% of the time the server does not boot cleanly, it hangs on the Windows splash screen. I don't have any light to shed here. When the server hangs all I can do is hard reset it and try again. Even after a successful boot and chkdsk /r operation, if you reboot the machine, you have a 90% chance it won't back up again cleanly. The back story: This server started crashing during nightly backups about a month ago. I tried everything I could think of to troubleshoot the problem and eventually had to give up because I could not keep coming to the office at 4 AM to try to get the server back online. One Friday I got lucky and the server stayed up for its entire full backup. I took this opportunity to restore the full backup to a temporary server I set up and switched all my users to the temporary. Then I reloaded the ailing file server. I kept all my users on the temporary file server for about 3 weeks. I installed the same Backup Exec Remote Agent and Trend Micro A/V client on the temporary server that I was using on the regular file server. During this time, I had absolutely no problems backing up the temporary server. I tested the reloaded file server extensively. I rebooted the server once an hour every day for 3 weeks trying to make it fail. It never did. I felt confident that the reload was the answer to my problems. I moved all of the data from the temporary server back to the regular server. I got 3 nightly backups out of it before it locked up again and started the familiar failure to boot cleanly behavior. This weekend I decided to monitor the file server through the entire backup job. I RDPd into the file server and also into the server running Backup Exec. On the file server I opened the Task Manager so I could view the processes and watch CPU and memory usage. Everything was running smoothly for about 60GB worth of backup. Then I noticed that the byte count of the backup job in Backup Exec had stopped progressing. I looked back over at my RDP session into the file server, and I was getting real time updates about CPU and memory usage still - both nearly 0%, which is unusual. Backups usually hover around 40% usage for the duration of the backup job. Let me reiterate this point: The screen was refreshing and I was getting real time Task Manager updates - until I clicked on the Start menu. The screen went black and the server locked up. In truth, I think the server had already locked up, the video card just hadn't figured it out yet. I went back into my bag of trick: driving to the office and hard reseting the server over and over again when it hangs up at the Windows splash screen. I did this for 2 hours without getting a successful boot. I started panicking because I did not have a decent backup to use to get everything back onto the working temporary file server. Once I exhausted everything I knew to do, I took a deep breath, booted to the Windows Server 2003 CD and performed a repair installation of Windows. The server came back up fine, with all of my data intact. I can now reboot the server at will and it will come back up cleanly. The problem is that I'm afraid as soon as I try to back that data up again I will back at square one. So let me sum things up: Here is what I've done so far to troubleshoot this server: Deleted and recreated the RAID 5 sets. Initialized the drives. Reloaded the server with a fresh Server 2003 install. Confirmed with Dell that I have installed the latest, Dell approved BIOS and NIC drivers. Uninstalled / reinstalled the Backup Exec Remote Agent. Uninstalled the Trend Micro A/V client. Configured the server not to reboot itself after a blue screen so I can see any stop error. I used to think the server was blue screening, but since I enabled this setting I now know that the server just completely locks up. Run chkdsk /r from the Windows Recovery Console. Several errors were found and corrected, but did not help my problem. Help confirm or deny the following assumptions: There are two problems at work here. Why the server is locking up in the first place, and why the server won't boot cleanly after a lockup. This is ultimately a software problem. The server works fine and can be rebooted cleanly all day long - until the first lockup - following a fresh OS load or even a Repair installation. This is not a problem with Backup Exec in general. All of my other servers back up just fine. For the record, all of the other servers run Server 2003, and some of them house more data than the file server in question here. Any help is appreciated. The irony is almost too much to bear. Backing up my data is what is jeopardizing it.

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  • Backing up my data causes my server to crash using Symantec Backup Exec 12, or How I Came to Loathe Irony

    - by Kyle Noland
    I have a Dell PowerEdge 2850 running Windows Server 2003. It is the primary file server for one of my clients. I have another server also running Windows Server 2003 that acts as the core media server for Symantec Backup Exec 12. I recently upgraded from Backup Exec 11d to 12. This upgrade was necessary because we also just upgraded from Exchange 2003 to Exchange 2007. After the upgrade I had to push-install the new version 12 Backup Exec Remote Agents to each of the servers I am backing up (about 6 total). 5 of my servers are doing just fine, faithfully completing backups every night. My file server routinely crashes. Observations: When the server crashes, it does not blue screen, it just locks up completely. Even the mouse is unresponsive. If you leave the server locked up long enough, it will eventually reboot itself and hang on the Windows splash screen. There is absolutely zero useful Event Viewer evidence of a problem. The logs go from routine logging to an Unexplained Shutdown Event the next morning when I have to hard reset the server to get it to boot. 90% of the time the server does not boot cleanly, it hangs on the Windows splash screen. I don't have any light to shed here. When the server hangs all I can do is hard reset it and try again. Even after a successful boot and chkdsk /r operation, if you reboot the machine, you have a 90% chance it won't back up again cleanly. The back story: This server started crashing during nightly backups about a month ago. I tried everything I could think of to troubleshoot the problem and eventually had to give up because I could not keep coming to the office at 4 AM to try to get the server back online. One Friday I got lucky and the server stayed up for its entire full backup. I took this opportunity to restore the full backup to a temporary server I set up and switched all my users to the temporary. Then I reloaded the ailing file server. I kept all my users on the temporary file server for about 3 weeks. I installed the same Backup Exec Remote Agent and Trend Micro A/V client on the temporary server that I was using on the regular file server. During this time, I had absolutely no problems backing up the temporary server. I tested the reloaded file server extensively. I rebooted the server once an hour every day for 3 weeks trying to make it fail. It never did. I felt confident that the reload was the answer to my problems. I moved all of the data from the temporary server back to the regular server. I got 3 nightly backups out of it before it locked up again and started the familiar failure to boot cleanly behavior. This weekend I decided to monitor the file server through the entire backup job. I RDPd into the file server and also into the server running Backup Exec. On the file server I opened the Task Manager so I could view the processes and watch CPU and memory usage. Everything was running smoothly for about 60GB worth of backup. Then I noticed that the byte count of the backup job in Backup Exec had stopped progressing. I looked back over at my RDP session into the file server, and I was getting real time updates about CPU and memory usage still - both nearly 0%, which is unusual. Backups usually hover around 40% usage for the duration of the backup job. Let me reiterate this point: The screen was refreshing and I was getting real time Task Manager updates - until I clicked on the Start menu. The screen went black and the server locked up. In truth, I think the server had already locked up, the video card just hadn't figured it out yet. I went back into my bag of trick: driving to the office and hard reseting the server over and over again when it hangs up at the Windows splash screen. I did this for 2 hours without getting a successful boot. I started panicking because I did not have a decent backup to use to get everything back onto the working temporary file server. Once I exhausted everything I knew to do, I took a deep breath, booted to the Windows Server 2003 CD and performed a repair installation of Windows. The server came back up fine, with all of my data intact. I can now reboot the server at will and it will come back up cleanly. The problem is that I'm afraid as soon as I try to back that data up again I will back at square one. So let me sum things up: Here is what I've done so far to troubleshoot this server: Deleted and recreated the RAID 5 sets. Initialized the drives. Reloaded the server with a fresh Server 2003 install. Confirmed with Dell that I have installed the latest, Dell approved BIOS and NIC drivers. Uninstalled / reinstalled the Backup Exec Remote Agent. Uninstalled the Trend Micro A/V client. Configured the server not to reboot itself after a blue screen so I can see any stop error. I used to think the server was blue screening, but since I enabled this setting I now know that the server just completely locks up. Run chkdsk /r from the Windows Recovery Console. Several errors were found and corrected, but did not help my problem. Help confirm or deny the following assumptions: There are two problems at work here. Why the server is locking up in the first place, and why the server won't boot cleanly after a lockup. This is ultimately a software problem. The server works fine and can be rebooted cleanly all day long - until the first lockup - following a fresh OS load or even a Repair installation. This is not a problem with Backup Exec in general. All of my other servers back up just fine. For the record, all of the other servers run Server 2003, and some of them house more data than the file server in question here. Any help is appreciated. The irony is almost too much to bear. Backing up my data is what is jeopardizing it.

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  • Slow filesystem access

    - by danneh3826
    I'm trying to diagnose a slow filesystem issue on a server I look after. It's been ongoing for quite some time, and I've run out of ideas as to what I can try. Here's the thick of it. The server itself is a Dell Poweredge T310. It has 4 SAS hard drives in it, configured at RAID5, and is running Citrix XenServer 5.6. The VM is a (relatively) old Debian 5.0.6 installation. It's given 4 cores, and 4Gb's of RAM. It has 3 volumes. A 10Gb volume (ext3) for the system, 980Gb volume (xfs) for data (~94% full), and another 200Gb volume (xfs) for data (~13% full). Now here's the weird thing. Read/write access to the 980Gb volume is really slow. I might get 5Mb/s out of it if I'm lucky. At first I figured it was actually disk access in the system, or at a hypervisor level, but ruled that out entirely as other VMs on the same host are running perfectly fine (a good couple hundred Mb/s disk r/w access). So then I started to target this particular VM. I started thinking it was XFS, but to prove it I wasn't going to attempt to change the filesystem on the 980Gb drive, with years and years of billions of files on there. So I provisioned the 200Gb drive, and did the same read/write test (basically dd), and got a good couple hundred Mb/s r/w access to it. So that ruled out the VM, the hardware, and the filesystem type. There's also a lot of these in /var/log/kern.log; (sorry, this is quite long) Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564689] httpd: page allocation failure. order:5, mode:0x4020 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564693] Pid: 7318, comm: httpd Not tainted 2.6.32-4-686-bigmem #1 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564696] Call Trace: Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564705] [<c1092a4d>] ? __alloc_pages_nodemask+0x476/0x4e0 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564711] [<c1092ac3>] ? __get_free_pages+0xc/0x17 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564716] [<c10b632e>] ? __kmalloc+0x30/0x128 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564722] [<c11dd774>] ? pskb_expand_head+0x4f/0x157 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564727] [<c11ddbbf>] ? __pskb_pull_tail+0x41/0x1fb Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564732] [<c11e4882>] ? dev_queue_xmit+0xe4/0x38e Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564738] [<c1205902>] ? ip_finish_output+0x0/0x5c Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564742] [<c12058c7>] ? ip_finish_output2+0x187/0x1c2 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564747] [<c1204dc8>] ? ip_local_out+0x15/0x17 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564751] [<c12055a9>] ? ip_queue_xmit+0x31e/0x379 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564758] [<c1279a90>] ? _spin_lock_bh+0x8/0x1e Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564767] [<eda15a8d>] ? __nf_ct_refresh_acct+0x66/0xa4 [nf_conntrack] Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564773] [<c103bf42>] ? _local_bh_enable_ip+0x16/0x6e Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564779] [<c1214593>] ? tcp_transmit_skb+0x595/0x5cc Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564785] [<c1005c4f>] ? xen_restore_fl_direct_end+0x0/0x1 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564791] [<c12165ea>] ? tcp_write_xmit+0x7a3/0x874 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564796] [<c121203a>] ? tcp_ack+0x1611/0x1802 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564801] [<c10055ec>] ? xen_force_evtchn_callback+0xc/0x10 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564806] [<c121392f>] ? tcp_established_options+0x1d/0x8b Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564811] [<c1213be4>] ? tcp_current_mss+0x38/0x53 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564816] [<c1216701>] ? __tcp_push_pending_frames+0x1e/0x50 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564821] [<c1212246>] ? tcp_data_snd_check+0x1b/0xd2 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564825] [<c1212de3>] ? tcp_rcv_established+0x5d0/0x626 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564831] [<c121902c>] ? tcp_v4_do_rcv+0x15f/0x2cf Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564835] [<c1219561>] ? tcp_v4_rcv+0x3c5/0x5c0 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564841] [<c120197e>] ? ip_local_deliver_finish+0x10c/0x18c Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564846] [<c12015a4>] ? ip_rcv_finish+0x2c4/0x2d8 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564852] [<c11e3b71>] ? netif_receive_skb+0x3bb/0x3d6 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564864] [<ed823efc>] ? xennet_poll+0x9b8/0xafc [xen_netfront] Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564869] [<c11e40ee>] ? net_rx_action+0x96/0x194 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564874] [<c103bd4c>] ? __do_softirq+0xaa/0x151 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564878] [<c103be24>] ? do_softirq+0x31/0x3c Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564883] [<c103befa>] ? irq_exit+0x26/0x58 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564890] [<c118ff9f>] ? xen_evtchn_do_upcall+0x12c/0x13e Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564896] [<c1008c3f>] ? xen_do_upcall+0x7/0xc Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564899] Mem-Info: Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564902] DMA per-cpu: Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564905] CPU 0: hi: 0, btch: 1 usd: 0 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564908] CPU 1: hi: 0, btch: 1 usd: 0 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564911] CPU 2: hi: 0, btch: 1 usd: 0 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564914] CPU 3: hi: 0, btch: 1 usd: 0 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564916] Normal per-cpu: Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564919] CPU 0: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 175 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564922] CPU 1: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 165 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564925] CPU 2: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 30 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564928] CPU 3: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 140 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564931] HighMem per-cpu: Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564933] CPU 0: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 159 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564936] CPU 1: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 22 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564939] CPU 2: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 24 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564942] CPU 3: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 13 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564947] active_anon:485974 inactive_anon:121138 isolated_anon:0 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564948] active_file:75215 inactive_file:79510 isolated_file:0 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564949] unevictable:0 dirty:516 writeback:15 unstable:0 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564950] free:230770 slab_reclaimable:36661 slab_unreclaimable:21249 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564952] mapped:20016 shmem:29450 pagetables:5600 bounce:0 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564958] DMA free:2884kB min:72kB low:88kB high:108kB active_anon:0kB inactive_anon:0kB active_file:5692kB inactive_file:724kB unevictable:0kB isolated(anon):0kB isolated(file):0kB present:15872kB mlocked:0kB dirty:8kB writeback:0kB mapped:0kB shmem:0kB slab_reclaimable:5112kB slab_unreclaimable:156kB kernel_stack:56kB pagetables:0kB unstable:0kB bounce:0kB writeback_tmp:0kB pages_scanned:0 all_unreclaimable? no Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564964] lowmem_reserve[]: 0 698 4143 4143 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564977] Normal free:143468kB min:3344kB low:4180kB high:5016kB active_anon:56kB inactive_anon:2068kB active_file:131812kB inactive_file:131728kB unevictable:0kB isolated(anon):0kB isolated(file):0kB present:715256kB mlocked:0kB dirty:156kB writeback:0kB mapped:308kB shmem:4kB slab_reclaimable:141532kB slab_unreclaimable:84840kB kernel_stack:1928kB pagetables:22400kB unstable:0kB bounce:0kB writeback_tmp:0kB pages_scanned:0 all_unreclaimable? no Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564983] lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 27559 27559 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.564995] HighMem free:776728kB min:512kB low:4636kB high:8760kB active_anon:1943840kB inactive_anon:482484kB active_file:163356kB inactive_file:185588kB unevictable:0kB isolated(anon):0kB isolated(file):0kB present:3527556kB mlocked:0kB dirty:1900kB writeback:60kB mapped:79756kB shmem:117796kB slab_reclaimable:0kB slab_unreclaimable:0kB kernel_stack:0kB pagetables:0kB unstable:0kB bounce:0kB writeback_tmp:0kB pages_scanned:0 all_unreclaimable? no Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.565001] lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 0 0 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.565011] DMA: 385*4kB 16*8kB 3*16kB 9*32kB 6*64kB 2*128kB 1*256kB 0*512kB 0*1024kB 0*2048kB 0*4096kB = 2900kB Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.565032] Normal: 21505*4kB 6508*8kB 273*16kB 24*32kB 3*64kB 0*128kB 0*256kB 0*512kB 0*1024kB 0*2048kB 0*4096kB = 143412kB Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.565054] HighMem: 949*4kB 8859*8kB 7063*16kB 6186*32kB 4631*64kB 727*128kB 6*256kB 0*512kB 0*1024kB 0*2048kB 0*4096kB = 776604kB Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.565076] 198980 total pagecache pages Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.565079] 14850 pages in swap cache Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.565082] Swap cache stats: add 2556273, delete 2541423, find 82961339/83153719 Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.565085] Free swap = 250592kB Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.565087] Total swap = 385520kB Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.575454] 1073152 pages RAM Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.575458] 888834 pages HighMem Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.575461] 11344 pages reserved Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.575463] 1090481 pages shared Sep 4 10:16:59 uriel kernel: [32571790.575465] 737188 pages non-shared Now, I've no idea what this means. There's plenty of free memory; total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 4247232 3455904 791328 0 5348 736412 -/+ buffers/cache: 2714144 1533088 Swap: 385520 131004 254516 Though now I see the swap is relatively low in size, but would that matter? I've been starting to think about fragmentation, or inode usage on that large partition, but a recent fsck on it showed is as only like 0.5% fragmented. Which leaves me with inode usage, but how much of an effect really would a large inode table or filesystem TOC have? I've love to hear people's opinions on this. It's driving me potty! df -h output; Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/xvda1 9.5G 6.6G 2.4G 74% / tmpfs 2.1G 0 2.1G 0% /lib/init/rw udev 10M 520K 9.5M 6% /dev tmpfs 2.1G 0 2.1G 0% /dev/shm /dev/xvdb 980G 921G 59G 94% /data

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  • unexplainable packet drops with 5 ethernet NICs and low traffic on Ubuntu

    - by jon
    I'm stuck on problem where my machine started to drops packets with no sign of ANY system load or high interrupt usage after an upgrade to Ubuntu 12.04. My server is a network monitoring sensor, running Ubuntu LTS 12.04, it passively collects packets from 5 interfaces doing network intrusion type stuff. Before the upgrade I managed to collect 200+GB of packets a day while writing them to disk with around 0% packet loss depending on the day with the help of CPU affinity and NIC IRQ to CPU bindings. Now I lose a great deal of packets with none of my applications running and at very low PPS rate which a modern workstation NIC would have no trouble with. Specs: x64 Xeon 4 cores 3.2 Ghz 16 GB RAM NICs: 5 Intel Pro NICs using the e1000 driver (NAPI). [1] eth0 and eth1 are integrated NICs (in the motherboard) There are 2 other PCI-X network cards, each with 2 Ethernet ports. 3 of the interfaces are running at Gigabit Ethernet, the others are not because they're attached to hubs. Specs: [2] http://support.dell.com/support/edocs/systems/pe2850/en/ug/t1390aa.htm uptime 17:36:00 up 1:43, 2 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05 # uname -a Linux nms 3.2.0-29-generic #46-Ubuntu SMP Fri Jul 27 17:03:23 UTC 2012 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux I also have the CPU governor set to performance mode and irqbalance off. The problem still occurs with them on. # lspci -t -vv -[0000:00]-+-00.0 Intel Corporation E7520 Memory Controller Hub +-02.0-[01-03]--+-00.0-[02]----0e.0 Dell PowerEdge Expandable RAID controller 4 | \-00.2-[03]-- +-04.0-[04]-- +-05.0-[05-07]--+-00.0-[06]----07.0 Intel Corporation 82541GI Gigabit Ethernet Controller | \-00.2-[07]----08.0 Intel Corporation 82541GI Gigabit Ethernet Controller +-06.0-[08-0a]--+-00.0-[09]--+-04.0 Intel Corporation 82546EB Gigabit Ethernet Controller (Copper) | | \-04.1 Intel Corporation 82546EB Gigabit Ethernet Controller (Copper) | \-00.2-[0a]--+-02.0 Digium, Inc. Wildcard TE210P/TE212P dual-span T1/E1/J1 card 3.3V | +-03.0 Intel Corporation 82546EB Gigabit Ethernet Controller (Copper) | \-03.1 Intel Corporation 82546EB Gigabit Ethernet Controller (Copper) +-1d.0 Intel Corporation 82801EB/ER (ICH5/ICH5R) USB UHCI Controller #1 +-1d.1 Intel Corporation 82801EB/ER (ICH5/ICH5R) USB UHCI Controller #2 +-1d.2 Intel Corporation 82801EB/ER (ICH5/ICH5R) USB UHCI Controller #3 +-1d.7 Intel Corporation 82801EB/ER (ICH5/ICH5R) USB2 EHCI Controller +-1e.0-[0b]----0d.0 Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] nee ATI RV100 QY [Radeon 7000/VE] +-1f.0 Intel Corporation 82801EB/ER (ICH5/ICH5R) LPC Interface Bridge \-1f.1 Intel Corporation 82801EB/ER (ICH5/ICH5R) IDE Controller I believe the NIC nor the NIC drivers are dropping the packets because ethtool reports 0 under rx_missed_errors and rx_no_buffer_count for each interface. On the old system, if it couldn't keep up this is where the drops would be. I drop packets on multiple interfaces just about every second, usually in small increments of 2-4. I tried all these sysctl values, I'm currently using the uncommented ones. # cat /etc/sysctl.conf # high net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 3000000 net.core.rmem_max = 16000000 net.core.rmem_default = 8000000 # defaults #net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 1000 #net.core.rmem_max = 131071 #net.core.rmem_default = 163480 # moderate #net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 10000 #net.core.rmem_max = 33554432 #net.core.rmem_default = 33554432 Here's an example of an interface stats report with ethtool. They are all the same, nothing is out of the ordinary ( I think ), so I'm only going to show one: ethtool -S eth2 NIC statistics: rx_packets: 7498 tx_packets: 0 rx_bytes: 2722585 tx_bytes: 0 rx_broadcast: 327 tx_broadcast: 0 rx_multicast: 1504 tx_multicast: 0 rx_errors: 0 tx_errors: 0 tx_dropped: 0 multicast: 1504 collisions: 0 rx_length_errors: 0 rx_over_errors: 0 rx_crc_errors: 0 rx_frame_errors: 0 rx_no_buffer_count: 0 rx_missed_errors: 0 tx_aborted_errors: 0 tx_carrier_errors: 0 tx_fifo_errors: 0 tx_heartbeat_errors: 0 tx_window_errors: 0 tx_abort_late_coll: 0 tx_deferred_ok: 0 tx_single_coll_ok: 0 tx_multi_coll_ok: 0 tx_timeout_count: 0 tx_restart_queue: 0 rx_long_length_errors: 0 rx_short_length_errors: 0 rx_align_errors: 0 tx_tcp_seg_good: 0 tx_tcp_seg_failed: 0 rx_flow_control_xon: 0 rx_flow_control_xoff: 0 tx_flow_control_xon: 0 tx_flow_control_xoff: 0 rx_long_byte_count: 2722585 rx_csum_offload_good: 0 rx_csum_offload_errors: 0 alloc_rx_buff_failed: 0 tx_smbus: 0 rx_smbus: 0 dropped_smbus: 01 # ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:11:43:e0:e2:8c UP BROADCAST RUNNING NOARP PROMISC ALLMULTI MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:373348 errors:16 dropped:95 overruns:0 frame:16 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:356830572 (356.8 MB) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:11:43:e0:e2:8d UP BROADCAST RUNNING NOARP PROMISC ALLMULTI MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:13616 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:8690528 (8.6 MB) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) eth2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:04:23:e1:77:6a UP BROADCAST RUNNING NOARP PROMISC ALLMULTI MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:7750 errors:0 dropped:471 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:2780935 (2.7 MB) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) eth3 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:04:23:e1:77:6b UP BROADCAST RUNNING NOARP PROMISC ALLMULTI MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:5112 errors:0 dropped:206 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:639472 (639.4 KB) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) eth4 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:04:23:b6:35:6c UP BROADCAST RUNNING NOARP PROMISC ALLMULTI MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:961467 errors:0 dropped:935 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:958561305 (958.5 MB) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) eth5 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:04:23:b6:35:6d inet addr:192.168.1.6 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:4264 errors:0 dropped:16 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:699 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:572228 (572.2 KB) TX bytes:124456 (124.4 KB) I tried the defaults, then started to play around with settings. I wasn't using any flow control and I increased the RxDescriptor count to 4096 before the upgrade as well without any problems. # cat /etc/modprobe.d/e1000.conf options e1000 XsumRX=0,0,0,0,0 RxDescriptors=4096,4096,4096,4096,4096 FlowControl=0,0,0,0,0 debug=16 Here's my network configuration file, I turned off checksumming and various offloading mechanisms along with setting CPU affinity with heavy use interfaces getting an entire CPU and light use interfaces sharing a CPU. I used these settings prior to the upgrade without problems. # cat /etc/network/interfaces # The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback # The primary network interface auto eth0 iface eth0 inet manual pre-up /sbin/ethtool -G eth0 rx 4096 tx 0 pre-up /sbin/ethtool -K eth0 gro off gso off rx off pre-up /sbin/ethtool -A eth0 rx off autoneg off up ifconfig eth0 0.0.0.0 -arp promisc mtu 1500 allmulti txqueuelen 0 up post-up echo "4" > /proc/irq/48/smp_affinity down ifconfig eth0 down post-down /sbin/ethtool -G eth0 rx 256 tx 256 post-down /sbin/ethtool -K eth0 gro on gso on rx on post-down /sbin/ethtool -A eth0 rx on autoneg on auto eth1 iface eth1 inet manual pre-up /sbin/ethtool -G eth1 rx 4096 tx 0 pre-up /sbin/ethtool -K eth1 gro off gso off rx off pre-up /sbin/ethtool -A eth1 rx off autoneg off up ifconfig eth1 0.0.0.0 -arp promisc mtu 1500 allmulti txqueuelen 0 up post-up echo "4" > /proc/irq/49/smp_affinity down ifconfig eth1 down post-down /sbin/ethtool -G eth1 rx 256 tx 256 post-down /sbin/ethtool -K eth1 gro on gso on rx on post-down /sbin/ethtool -A eth1 rx on autoneg on auto eth2 iface eth2 inet manual pre-up /sbin/ethtool -G eth2 rx 4096 tx 0 pre-up /sbin/ethtool -K eth2 gro off gso off rx off pre-up /sbin/ethtool -A eth2 rx off autoneg off up ifconfig eth2 0.0.0.0 -arp promisc mtu 1500 allmulti txqueuelen 0 up post-up echo "1" > /proc/irq/82/smp_affinity down ifconfig eth2 down post-down /sbin/ethtool -G eth2 rx 256 tx 256 post-down /sbin/ethtool -K eth2 gro on gso on rx on post-down /sbin/ethtool -A eth2 rx on autoneg on auto eth3 iface eth3 inet manual pre-up /sbin/ethtool -G eth3 rx 4096 tx 0 pre-up /sbin/ethtool -K eth3 gro off gso off rx off pre-up /sbin/ethtool -A eth3 rx off autoneg off up ifconfig eth3 0.0.0.0 -arp promisc mtu 1500 allmulti txqueuelen 0 up post-up echo "2" > /proc/irq/83/smp_affinity down ifconfig eth3 down post-down /sbin/ethtool -G eth3 rx 256 tx 256 post-down /sbin/ethtool -K eth3 gro on gso on rx on post-down /sbin/ethtool -A eth3 rx on autoneg on auto eth4 iface eth4 inet manual pre-up /sbin/ethtool -G eth4 rx 4096 tx 0 pre-up /sbin/ethtool -K eth4 gro off gso off rx off pre-up /sbin/ethtool -A eth4 rx off autoneg off up ifconfig eth4 0.0.0.0 -arp promisc mtu 1500 allmulti txqueuelen 0 up post-up echo "4" > /proc/irq/77/smp_affinity down ifconfig eth4 down post-down /sbin/ethtool -G eth4 rx 256 tx 256 post-down /sbin/ethtool -K eth4 gro on gso on rx on post-down /sbin/ethtool -A eth4 rx on autoneg on auto eth5 iface eth5 inet static pre-up /etc/fw.conf address 192.168.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255 gateway 192.168.1.1 dns-nameservers 192.168.1.2 192.168.1.3 up ifconfig eth5 up post-up echo "8" > /proc/irq/77/smp_affinity down ifconfig eth5 down Here's a few examples of packet drops, i ran one after another, probabling totaling 3 or 4 seconds. You can see increases in the drops from the 1st and 3rd. This was a non-busy time, very little traffic. # awk '{ print $1,$5 }' /proc/net/dev Inter-| face drop eth3: 225 lo: 0 eth2: 505 eth1: 0 eth5: 17 eth0: 105 eth4: 1034 # awk '{ print $1,$5 }' /proc/net/dev Inter-| face drop eth3: 225 lo: 0 eth2: 507 eth1: 0 eth5: 17 eth0: 105 eth4: 1034 # awk '{ print $1,$5 }' /proc/net/dev Inter-| face drop eth3: 227 lo: 0 eth2: 512 eth1: 0 eth5: 17 eth0: 105 eth4: 1039 I tried the pci=noacpi options. With and without, it's the same. This is what my interrupt stats looked like before the upgrade, after, with ACPI on PCI it showed multiple NICs bound to an interrupt and shared with other devices such as USB drives which I didn't like so I think i'm going to keep it with ACPI off as it's easier to designate sole purpose interrupts. Is there any advantage I would have using the default i.e. ACPI w/ PCI. ? # cat /etc/default/grub | grep CMD_LINE GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="ipv6.disable=1 noacpi pci=noacpi" GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="" # cat /proc/interrupts CPU0 CPU1 CPU2 CPU3 0: 45 0 0 16 IO-APIC-edge timer 1: 1 0 0 7936 IO-APIC-edge i8042 2: 0 0 0 0 XT-PIC-XT-PIC cascade 6: 0 0 0 3 IO-APIC-edge floppy 8: 0 0 0 1 IO-APIC-edge rtc0 9: 0 0 0 0 IO-APIC-edge acpi 12: 0 0 0 1809 IO-APIC-edge i8042 14: 1 0 0 4498 IO-APIC-edge ata_piix 15: 0 0 0 0 IO-APIC-edge ata_piix 16: 0 0 0 0 IO-APIC-fasteoi uhci_hcd:usb2 18: 0 0 0 1350 IO-APIC-fasteoi uhci_hcd:usb4, radeon 19: 0 0 0 0 IO-APIC-fasteoi uhci_hcd:usb3 23: 0 0 0 4099 IO-APIC-fasteoi ehci_hcd:usb1 38: 0 0 0 61963 IO-APIC-fasteoi megaraid 48: 0 0 1002319 4 IO-APIC-fasteoi eth0 49: 0 0 38772 3 IO-APIC-fasteoi eth1 77: 0 0 130076 432159 IO-APIC-fasteoi eth4 78: 0 0 0 23917 IO-APIC-fasteoi eth5 82: 1329033 0 0 4 IO-APIC-fasteoi eth2 83: 0 4886525 0 6 IO-APIC-fasteoi eth3 NMI: 5 6 4 5 Non-maskable interrupts LOC: 61409 57076 64257 114764 Local timer interrupts SPU: 0 0 0 0 Spurious interrupts IWI: 0 0 0 0 IRQ work interrupts RES: 17956 25333 13436 14789 Rescheduling interrupts CAL: 22436 607 539 478 Function call interrupts TLB: 1525 1458 4600 4151 TLB shootdowns TRM: 0 0 0 0 Thermal event interrupts THR: 0 0 0 0 Threshold APIC interrupts MCE: 0 0 0 0 Machine check exceptions MCP: 16 16 16 16 Machine check polls ERR: 0 MIS: 0 Here's sample output of vmstat, showing the system. Barebones system right now. root@nms:~# vmstat -S m 1 procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- ----cpu---- r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa 0 0 0 14992 192 1029 0 0 56 2 419 29 1 0 99 0 0 0 0 14992 192 1029 0 0 0 0 922 27 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 14991 192 1029 0 0 0 36 763 50 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 14991 192 1029 0 0 0 0 646 35 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 14991 192 1029 0 0 0 0 722 54 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 14991 192 1029 0 0 0 0 793 27 0 0 100 0 ^C Here's dmesg output. I can't figure out why my PCI-X slots are negotiated as PCI. The network cards are all PCI-X with the exception of the integrated NICs that came with the server. In the output below it looks as if eth3 and eth2 negotiated at PCI-X speeds rather than PCI:66Mhz. Wouldn't they all drop to PCI:66Mhz? If your integrated NICs are PCI, as labeled below (eth0,eth1), then wouldn't all devices on your bus speed drop down to that slower bus speed? If not, I still don't know why only one of my NICs ( each has two ethernet ports) is labeled as PCI-X in the output below. Does that mean it is running at PCI-X speeds are is it showing that it's capable? # dmesg | grep e1000 [ 3678.349337] e1000: Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Driver - version 7.3.21-k8-NAPI [ 3678.349342] e1000: Copyright (c) 1999-2006 Intel Corporation. [ 3678.349394] e1000 0000:06:07.0: PCI->APIC IRQ transform: INT A -> IRQ 48 [ 3678.409725] e1000 0000:06:07.0: Receive Descriptors set to 4096 [ 3678.409730] e1000 0000:06:07.0: Checksum Offload Disabled [ 3678.409734] e1000 0000:06:07.0: Flow Control Disabled [ 3678.586409] e1000 0000:06:07.0: eth0: (PCI:66MHz:32-bit) 00:11:43:e0:e2:8c [ 3678.586419] e1000 0000:06:07.0: eth0: Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Connection [ 3678.586642] e1000 0000:07:08.0: PCI->APIC IRQ transform: INT A -> IRQ 49 [ 3678.649854] e1000 0000:07:08.0: Receive Descriptors set to 4096 [ 3678.649859] e1000 0000:07:08.0: Checksum Offload Disabled [ 3678.649863] e1000 0000:07:08.0: Flow Control Disabled [ 3678.826436] e1000 0000:07:08.0: eth1: (PCI:66MHz:32-bit) 00:11:43:e0:e2:8d [ 3678.826444] e1000 0000:07:08.0: eth1: Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Connection [ 3678.826627] e1000 0000:09:04.0: PCI->APIC IRQ transform: INT A -> IRQ 82 [ 3679.093266] e1000 0000:09:04.0: Receive Descriptors set to 4096 [ 3679.093271] e1000 0000:09:04.0: Checksum Offload Disabled [ 3679.093275] e1000 0000:09:04.0: Flow Control Disabled [ 3679.130239] e1000 0000:09:04.0: eth2: (PCI-X:133MHz:64-bit) 00:04:23:e1:77:6a [ 3679.130246] e1000 0000:09:04.0: eth2: Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Connection [ 3679.130449] e1000 0000:09:04.1: PCI->APIC IRQ transform: INT B -> IRQ 83 [ 3679.397312] e1000 0000:09:04.1: Receive Descriptors set to 4096 [ 3679.397318] e1000 0000:09:04.1: Checksum Offload Disabled [ 3679.397321] e1000 0000:09:04.1: Flow Control Disabled [ 3679.434350] e1000 0000:09:04.1: eth3: (PCI-X:133MHz:64-bit) 00:04:23:e1:77:6b [ 3679.434360] e1000 0000:09:04.1: eth3: Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Connection [ 3679.434553] e1000 0000:0a:03.0: PCI->APIC IRQ transform: INT A -> IRQ 77 [ 3679.704072] e1000 0000:0a:03.0: Receive Descriptors set to 4096 [ 3679.704077] e1000 0000:0a:03.0: Checksum Offload Disabled [ 3679.704081] e1000 0000:0a:03.0: Flow Control Disabled [ 3679.738364] e1000 0000:0a:03.0: eth4: (PCI:33MHz:64-bit) 00:04:23:b6:35:6c [ 3679.738371] e1000 0000:0a:03.0: eth4: Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Connection [ 3679.738538] e1000 0000:0a:03.1: PCI->APIC IRQ transform: INT B -> IRQ 78 [ 3680.046060] e1000 0000:0a:03.1: eth5: (PCI:33MHz:64-bit) 00:04:23:b6:35:6d [ 3680.046067] e1000 0000:0a:03.1: eth5: Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Connection [ 3682.132415] e1000: eth0 NIC Link is Up 100 Mbps Half Duplex, Flow Control: None [ 3682.224423] e1000: eth1 NIC Link is Up 100 Mbps Half Duplex, Flow Control: None [ 3682.316385] e1000: eth2 NIC Link is Up 100 Mbps Half Duplex, Flow Control: None [ 3682.408391] e1000: eth3 NIC Link is Up 1000 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: None [ 3682.500396] e1000: eth4 NIC Link is Up 1000 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: None [ 3682.708401] e1000: eth5 NIC Link is Up 1000 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: RX At first I thought it was the NIC drivers but I'm not so sure. I really have no idea where else to look at the moment. Any help is greatly appreciated as I'm struggling with this. If you need more information just ask. Thanks! [1]http://www.cs.fsu.edu/~baker/devices/lxr/http/source/linux/Documentation/networking/e1000.txt?v=2.6.11.8 [2] http://support.dell.com/support/edocs/systems/pe2850/en/ug/t1390aa.htm

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