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• If a managed network switch were to overheat, would you consider it no longer reliable?

  - by Scott Szretter

  Here is the scenario - I have a network switch, one of several in a stack. It's fan failed. Soon, there were reports of users with network issues. After quickly replacing the fan, the users were fine, network issues were resolved. I assume the unit was overheating, and thus failing somehow. Today someone suggested to me, that I should not assume the unit is 100% reliable anymore. So what do you think, would an overheat condition (less than 1 day with the fan stopped) potentially cause permanent damage that could at some point come to the surface as future network failures/issues? If it matters, we are talking managed switches such as 3Com/HP SuperStack , ProCurve or PWR-Plus.

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• Full speed internal switch bandwidth but per-port set external bandwidth?

  - by garg

  I am in an environment where all the machines are behind a switch that I don't have access to. Each ethernet wall port has limited bandwidth depending on how much has been paid for each port. The problem is that some people have 10Mbps connections and some have 100Mbps connections and this causes problems with local intranet file transfers and operating system/software deployments. Operating systems can take hours to be deployed if the machine is on 10mbps. Do you know if it is possible with most switches to set a rule that would limit bandwidth coming in/going out to an extranet, but keep full bandwidth if the packets are destined to go to a local machine? For example, the internet might be limited to 10Mbps, but internal servers would get gigabit speeds? Thanks

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• Lock screen does not display all users (ubuntu 14.10)

  - by Ali Alwan

  When I lock my screen using ctrl+alt+L, I am not able to see other users listed within the lock screen so I can switch instead. The lock screen shows only my name as an option for login, however I would like to switch to other user accounts. In Ubuntu 12.04 it used to show all system available users in lock screen and I was able to switch easily. Last night I upgraded to Ubuntu 14.04 and this option is gone. How do I set back this option?

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• VLAN trunking between Juniper EX -> Cisco Catalyst -> and Cisco Router

  - by Hugo Garcia

  I have the following scenario: EX2200 Switch whit ge-0/0/6 set as an access port on VLAN 80 ge-0/0/0 set as a trunk port connected to a catalyst switch and various vlans allowed to pass includin vlan 80 On the Catalyst Switch. port #3 set up as a trunk port that receives traffic from the EX switch. port 46 is set up also as a trunk port that connects to a cisco router. Port #48 is where the host used to be connected host - EX2200 - Catalyst - Router the problem is that this EX2200 is a new addition to the network and the host connected previosly to the catalyst switch. traffic is not getting from the host to the router, but the router can send ARP request to the host. following is the relevant configuration: Catalyst Switch: interface GigabitEthernet1/46 switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q switchport trunk allowed vlan 80,82,83,93,289 switchport mode trunk mtu 1532 media-type rj45 speed 1000 duplex full arp timeout 300 ! interface GigabitEthernet1/48 switchport access vlan 80 switchport mode access mtu 1532 media-type rj45 speed 100 duplex full arp timeout 300 no cdp enable ! EX2200 Switch:

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• How To Switch Webmail Providers Without Losing All Your Email

  - by Chris Hoffman

  Do you use a webmail service you’re unhappy with because it’s where all your email is? There’s good news – you can easily switch, without losing your old email and contacts and without missing email sent to your old address. This guide will help you switch to a shiny new webmail service. The exact ways to switch between email services will differ depending on which webmail provider you’re using. We’ll be focusing on three of the most popular services here: Gmail, Outlook.com (Hotmail), and Yahoo! Mail. How To Switch Webmail Providers Without Losing All Your Email How To Force Windows Applications to Use a Specific CPU HTG Explains: Is UPnP a Security Risk?

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• vgaswitcheroo - switch GPU based on load?

  - by Primož Kralj

  Is it possible to make vgaswitcheroo switch between GPU based on load? For example, when computer would be in idle it would turn off discrete and use only integrated; when enough load would accumulate on it it would automatically turn on discrete graphics and disable integrated. My second question is whether there is any GUI applet or something that I could use to manually switch between GPUs - instead of manually echoing in switch file? Edit: I found answer to last question at https://help.ubuntu.com/community/HybridGraphics

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• How to switch off wifi on startup or from the console

  - by mit

  I have installed ubuntu 10.04 on a laptop. Wifi is switched on by default on startup. I can disable it rightclicking the network manager icon in the gnome bar. How can I set it to have wifi switched off as default? Alternatively, how can I switch off wifi on the console? I tried already the rfkill command but it does not list any devices and it does not switch off wifi, I tried different parameters. This is a standard install of the Ubuntu 10.04 i386 Desktop Live CD on an IBM T40 Laptop. EDIT A: This is the output of some rfkill commands on my system, and it does not affect the wifi of the laptop: $ rfkill --help Usage: rfkill [options] command Options: --version show version (0.4) Commands: help event list [IDENTIFIER] block IDENTIFIER unblock IDENTIFIER where IDENTIFIER is the index no. of an rfkill switch or one of: <idx> all wifi wlan bluetooth uwb ultrawideband wimax wwan gps fm $ rfkill list $ rfkill list wifi $ rfkill list all $ rfkill list wlan $ sudo rfkill list all $ sudo rfkill block all $ sudo rfkill block wlan $ sudo rfkill block wifi $ EDIT B: Now I found out that sudo ifconfig eth1 down turns it off. And I can turn it on through the gnome network applet again. But the applet does not reflect the change from the commandline, it stills believes wifi is switched on. I have to switch it off and on again on the applet to switch it on again, when I switched it off from the console. Is there a better way? This is what the syslog looks like when I switch wireless off and on again from the network manager: NetworkManager: <info> (eth1): device state change: 3 -> 2 (reason 0) NetworkManager: <info> (eth1): deactivating device (reason: 0). NetworkManager: <info> Policy set '24' (eth0) as default for routing and DNS. NetworkManager: <info> (eth1): taking down device. avahi-daemon[660]: Withdrawing address record for fe80::202:8aff:feba:d798 on eth1. kernel: [ 971.472116] airo(eth1): cmd:3 status:7f03 rsp0:0 rsp1:0 rsp2:0 NetworkManager: <info> (eth1): bringing up device. NetworkManager: <info> (eth1): supplicant interface state: starting -> ready NetworkManager: <info> (eth1): device state change: 2 -> 3 (reason 42) avahi-daemon[660]: Registering new address record for fe80::202:8aff:feba:d798 on eth1.*. kernel: [ 965.512048] eth1: no IPv6 routers present

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• What's required to enable communication between two IP ranges located behind one switch?

  - by Eric3

  Within our co-located networking closet, we have control over two ranges of 254 addresses, e.g. 64.123.45.0/24 and 65.234.56.0/24. The problem is, if a host has only one IP address, or a block of addresses in only one range, it can't contact any of the addresses in the other subnet. All of our hosts use our hosting provider's respective gateway, e.g. 64.123.45.1 or 65.234.56.1 A host on the 64.123.45.0/24 range can contact the 65.234.56.1 gateway and vice-versa Everything in our closet is connected to an HP ProCurve 2810 (a Layer 2-only switch), which connects through a Juniper NetScreen-25 firewall to the outside world What can I do to enable communication between the two ranges? Is there some settings I can change, or do I need better networking equipment?

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• Have you considered switch from Windows to OS X?

  - by Oscar Reyes

  For several years I wanted to move from Windows to OSX. Mainly because back then Windows95/98/2000 were terrible options. Now I have finally put my hands on this. Just when Vista and Win7 seems to redeem all the mistakes from their predecessors. The most terrible rant is the lack of the following keys: PageUp, PageDown, Home, End, Supr Not having those made my first programming day terrible on OSX. I don't regret switching, but somehow I expected something else. So: Have you considered switch to mac? What has stopped you? What is holding you back? If you have switched already, are you willing to comeback? (Now I run XP/Vista/Ubuntu/OSX in the same machine, yeah!!)

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• Why do we have to use break in switch

  - by trejder

  Who decided, and basing on what concepts, that switch construction (in many languages) has to be, like it is? Why do we have to use break in each statement? Why do we have to write something like this: switch(a) { case 1: result = 'one'; break; case 2: result = 'two'; break; default: result = 'not determined'; break; } I've noticed this construction in PHP and JS, but there are probably many other languages that uses it. If switch is an alternative of if, why we can't use the same construction for switch, as for if? I.e.: switch(a) { case 1: { result = 'one'; } case 2: { result = 'two'; } default: { result = 'not determined'; } } It is said, that break prevents execution of a blocks following current one. But, does someone really run into situation, where there was any need for execution of current block and following ones? I didn't. For me, break is always there. In every block. In every code.

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• Making a language switch main menu button in Drupal

  - by Let_Me_Be

  I have a bilingual site in Drupal. The problem is that I hate the language switch block taking up so much space (sometimes the only thing in the sidebar is the language switch block). So what I would love to have is language switch menu item, that would point to the other language (other then the current one). Something like this: | Home | Projects | BlaBla | | Cesky | after swith: | Domu | Projekty | Blabla | | English | Is that possible without writing a whole new module?

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• Enum with Switch Statement

  Use of Enum with Switch Statement in C#

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• The Switch Workshop, by Red Gate and Re-Wired Group

  Customers don’t just buy a product — they switch from something else. And customers don’t just leave a product — they switch to something else. It’s in these switching moments that the deepest customer insights can be found. On the 25th of July, a select group of 32 people will attend a unique, hands-on, full-day workshop at Red Gate to learn about “The Switch”. ‘Disturbing Development’Grant Fritchey & the DBA Team present the latest installment of the Top 5 hard-earned lessons of a DBA – read it now

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• Open Source or Low Cost Layer 7 ("Content") Switch?

  - by Rob

  I have several web servers that host a number of different applications and web sites. I want to make it easy to host apps or parts of web sites on different servers (e.g. example.com/foo might be on one physical server and example.com/bar might be on another). We do this Apache redirects right now, but that gets messy fast and in any case we have other problems we want to solve, such as throttling requests from individual clients, and reducing dependency on specific physical hosts. Is there an open source or low cost layer 7 switch that would be suitable for this sort of task? I was hoping to find something like a stripped down Linux VMware guest/appliance built for this purpose, but haven't seen anything suitable out there so far.

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• cisco 2900xl - SNMP - Get mac address of device connected to an interface

  - by ankit

  Hello all, Basically what i want to do is to find out what is the mac address of a device plugged in to an interface on the switch (FastEthernet0/1 for example) reading through the switch documentaion i found out that i can configure snmp trap on it to make it notify of any new mac address the switch detects by using the command snmp-server enable traps mac-notifiction but for some reason my switch does not support this feature. the only options i see are CORE_SWITCH(config)#snmp-server enable traps ? c2900 Enable SNMP c2900 traps cluster Enable Cluster traps config Enable SNMP config traps entity Enable SNMP entity traps hsrp Enable SNMP HSRP traps snmp Enable SNMP traps vlan-membership Enable VLAN Membership traps vtp Enable SNMP VTP traps <cr> so the other way would be for me to run a cronjon on my gateway to poll the switch periodically using snmp to get new mac addresses i have looked everywhere but cant seem to find the OID that would provide me this information. any help i can get would me very much appreciated ! here's the output from "show version" on my switch Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software IOS (tm) C2900XL Software (C2900XL-C3H2S-M), Version 12.0(5.4)WC(1), MAINTENANCE INTERIM SOFTWARE Copyright (c) 1986-2001 by cisco Systems, Inc. Compiled Tue 10-Jul-01 11:52 by devgoyal Image text-base: 0x00003000, data-base: 0x00333CD8 ROM: Bootstrap program is C2900XL boot loader CORE_SWITCH uptime is 1 hour, 24 minutes System returned to ROM by power-on System image file is "flash:c2900XL-c3h2s-mz.120-5.4.WC.1.bin" cisco WS-C2912-XL (PowerPC403GA) processor (revision 0x11) with 8192K/1024K bytes of memory. Processor board ID FAB0409X1WS, with hardware revision 0x01 Last reset from power-on Processor is running Enterprise Edition Software Cluster command switch capable Cluster member switch capable 12 FastEthernet/IEEE 802.3 interface(s) 32K bytes of flash-simulated non-volatile configuration memory. Base ethernet MAC Address: 00:01:42:D0:67:00 Motherboard assembly number: 73-3397-08 Power supply part number: 34-0834-01 Motherboard serial number: FAB040843G4 Power supply serial number: DAB05030HR8 Model revision number: A0 Motherboard revision number: C0 Model number: WS-C2912-XL-EN System serial number: FAB0409X1WS Configuration register is 0xF thanks, -ankit

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• How to disable monitor auto detection in Windows 7?

  - by Jay Yother

  I am currently running Windows 7 Ultimate 64-bit with a dual monitor setup with an NVIDIA 7950 GT graphics card. One monitor is dedicated to this machine and the other monitor is connected to a DVI KVM switch. When I switch to my other computer, Windows 7 disables the monitor. However, when I switch back it does not re-enable the monitor. The only circumstance that automatically re-enables the second monitor is when I switch back after Windows has put the monitors into power save mode. I am continually having to bring up the NVIDIA control panel to have it re-enable the monitor. Under Windows XP I would just disable the NVIDIA service to prevent it from auto-detecting the monitor (which doesn't solve the problem under Win7), and in Vista there was a registry hack that would prevent this. It looks as though that has been removed in Windows 7. I have found similar questions posted on this site, but nothing that matches my problem exactly. The following link is the question that comes the closest, but does not provide a solution to the problem. http://superuser.com/questions/96683/how-to-fix-monitor-detection-on-windows-7 Is there a way in Windows 7 to disable monitor auto-detection? Update: I just added a second graphics card to my Windows 7 64-bit machine. I plugged one monitor into each graphics card. Now, when I use the KVM switch to switch back and forth it will re-enable the second monitor like it should. There are however, a few quirks with this. If I have a program maximized on the second monitor and it has focus, when I switch it will move to monitor 1. If I have a program maximized on the second monitor and it does not have focus, when I switch it will behave like it is minimized and when I bring it back up it will show up maximized on monitor 1. Definitely better than it was, but still looking for a way to disable the auto-detection.

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• Switch flooding when bonding interfaces in Linux

  - by John Philips

  +--------+ | Host A | +----+---+ | eth0 (AA:AA:AA:AA:AA:AA) | | +----+-----+ | Switch 1 | (layer2/3) +----+-----+ | +----+-----+ | Switch 2 | +----+-----+ | +----------+----------+ +-------------------------+ Switch 3 +-------------------------+ | +----+-----------+----+ | | | | | | | | | | eth0 (B0:B0:B0:B0:B0:B0) | | eth4 (B4:B4:B4:B4:B4:B4) | | +----+-----------+----+ | | | Host B | | | +----+-----------+----+ | | eth1 (B1:B1:B1:B1:B1:B1) | | eth5 (B5:B5:B5:B5:B5:B5) | | | | | | | | | +------------------------------+ +------------------------------+ Topology overview Host A has a single NIC. Host B has four NICs which are bonded using the balance-alb mode. Both hosts run RHEL 6.0, and both are on the same IPv4 subnet. Traffic analysis Host A is sending data to Host B using some SQL database application. Traffic from Host A to Host B: The source int/MAC is eth0/AA:AA:AA:AA:AA:AA, the destination int/MAC is eth5/B5:B5:B5:B5:B5:B5. Traffic from Host B to Host A: The source int/MAC is eth0/B0:B0:B0:B0:B0:B0, the destination int/MAC is eth0/AA:AA:AA:AA:AA:AA. Once the TCP connection has been established, Host B sends no further frames out eth5. The MAC address of eth5 expires from the bridge tables of both Switch 1 & Switch 2. Switch 1 continues to receive frames from Host A which are destined for B5:B5:B5:B5:B5:B5. Because Switch 1 and Switch 2 no longer have bridge table entries for B5:B5:B5:B5:B5:B5, they flood the frames out all ports on the same VLAN (except for the one it came in on, of course). Reproduce If you ping Host B from a workstation which is connected to either Switch 1 or 2, B5:B5:B5:B5:B5:B5 re-enters the bridge tables and the flooding stops. After five minutes (the default bridge table timeout), flooding resumes. Question It is clear that on Host B, frames arrive on eth5 and exit out eth0. This seems ok as that's what the Linux bonding algorithm is designed to do - balance incoming and outgoing traffic. But since the switch stops receiving frames with the source MAC of eth5, it gets timed out of the bridge table, resulting in flooding. Is this normal? Why aren't any more frames originating from eth5? Is it because there is simply no other traffic going on (the only connection is a single large data transfer from Host A)? I've researched this for a long time and haven't found an answer. Documentation states that no switch changes are necessary when using mode 6 of the Linux interface bonding (balance-alb). Is this behavior occurring because Host B doesn't send any further packets out of eth5, whereas in normal circumstances it's expected that it would? One solution is to setup a cron job which pings Host B to keep the bridge table entries from timing out, but that seems like a dirty hack.

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• Is using decimal ranges in a switch impossible in C#?

  - by phobia

  I'm justing starting out learning C# and I've become stuck at something very basic. For my first "app" I thought I'd go for something simple, so I decided for a BMI calculator. The BMI is calculated into a decimal type which I'm now trying to use in a switch statement, but aparently decimal can't be used in a switch? What would be the C# solution for this: decimal bmi = calculate_bmi(h, w); switch (bmi) { case < 18.5: bmi_description = "underweight."; break; case > 25: bmi_description = "overweight"; case > 30: bmi_description = "very overweight"; case > 40: bmi_description = "extreme overweight"; break; }

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• C++ Long switch statement or look up with a map?

  - by Rachel

  In my C++ application, I have some values that act as codes to represent other values. To translate the codes, I've been debating between using a switch statement or an stl map. The switch would look something like this: int code; int value; switch(code) { case 1: value = 10; break; case 2: value = 15; break; } The map would be an stl::map<int, int> and translation would be a simple lookup with the code used as the key value. Which one is better/more efficient/cleaner/accepted? Why?

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• Different subnets routing with just one layer 3 switch

  - by GustavoFSx

  Our current network looks like this: Location 1: 2 Layer 2 switches | subnet 192.168.1.0/24 | Firewall for our VPN Location 2: 1 Layer 2 switch | subnet 192.168.3.0/24 | Firewall for our VPN Location 3: 1 Layer 2 switch | subnet 192.168.5.0/24 | Firewall for our VPN We just got a direct fiber connection between location 1 and 2, we also got a new HP V1910 24G layer 3 switch. I tried to follow the instructions on this site, but I can't get it to work. I think our network should look like this: Location 1: HP Switch FIBER to L2 | subnet 192.168.1.0/24 | Firewall for our VPN Location 2: 1 Layer 2 switch | subnet 192.168.3.0/24 | FIBER to L1 Location 3: 1 Layer 2 switch | subnet 192.168.5.0/24 | Firewall for our VPN So, how can I get routing working on our location 2? It's old gateway was a firewall device on ip 192.168.3.1. I'm thinking on creating a VLAN Interface on 192.168.3.1 on the switch for the Location 2. But how will I handle that on the HP switch that has a direct fiber connection with that switch? Please help, I'm not very good with networking.

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• KVM Switch for multiple monitors possible?

  - by jasondavis

  I have been curious about this for YEARS! I have never used a KVM switch (keyboard, mouse, monitor) switch to allow you to use 1 keyboard, mouse, monitor to operate 2 or more computers however I understand the concept and what they are for, just never really had a huge need for 1 until now. Here is my issue though. If possible I need to have a KVM switch hooked up to 2 computers in my room. The catch, I have 2-3 monitors on the PC, so I am looking for a way to have a KVM switch that will support multiple monitors. So PC #1 can be using a mouse, keyboard, 2-3 monitors like normal. I then hit the switch and it makes my mouse, keyboard, and 2-3 monitors switch to PC #2. Has anyone ever heard of a KVM switch being able to support multiple monitors like I described? Or how I can achieve this goal? Please help.

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• Is it possible to change the voltage on a single port on an HP ProCurve 2910al POE switch and how?

  - by hjoelr

  I have a couple of HP ProCurve 2910al POE+ switches at my company that we are primarily using to power our VOIP phones that run on 48V DC. However, I have one wireless access point that I need to run off of POE, but it has to be 24V DC. I'm afraid to plug it into the POE ProCurve because I'm not sure if it will zap the device. I'm wondering if there is a way to make sure to change the voltage on a specific port to 24V instead of the (seemingly) default value of 48V. Thanks! Joel

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• KVM switching on the cheap

  - by Stuart Hemming

  I have a machine at home for my personal use. I also have a machine for work. I have a pair of DVI monitors. An ideal set up for a KVM switch. Sadly the cheapest switch I can find that will switch 2 DVI monitors is nearly £300. However, I can get, for just £40, a switch for a single monitor. Is there any reason why I couldn't employ 2 of these much cheaper switches? My thought was to have the keyboard, mouse and one of the monitors in one switch and just the 2nd monitor in the 2nd switch. Logically, I can't think of a reason why this wouldn't work, but I have no real background to be able to say, definatively, whether or not it would. It it makes any difference, both machines are running Win7. Appreciate any thoughts. -- Stuart

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• Cascading switches: uplink to uplink?

  - by wuckachucka

  I'm a bit confused as to why I haven't seen any references online to using Switch A's uplink port (1Gbps, 24-port 10/100) to connect to Switch B's uplink port: everything I've seen -- including documentation, forums, articles, etc. -- has Switch A's uplink port going to one of Switch B's 10/100 access ports. As I understand it, the Uplink port (besides greater speed normally) is no different than another port except that it's "internally crossed-over" so that you can use a straight cable with it. I've also seen documentation on using the uplink port to connect a switch to a gateway router, or even a server, as it provides greater bandwidth than the access ports, but yet not sure why nobody seems to be cross-uplinking, even when there's 2 uplink ports available on some higher-end switches. Switch in question is Linksys SRW224P (x2). Am I missing something?

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• Looking for a small, portable, port-mirroring ethernet switch.

  - by user37244

  I recently had a mac go haywire, taking half a minute or more to get www.google.com loaded. Getting its owner to give up the machine for repair was like pulling teeth - they were insisting that it must be something to do with the network, since so much had changed with the local configuration at about the same time their box went haywire. I eventually set up a port mirror to a box that I could remote to so I could show that the mac was only irregularly getting packets onto the network. Demonstrating this faced an additional challenge: the latency of the remote desktop software I was using meant that I had to point to timestamps instead of just the moment the packet flashed up on the screen as my evidence. This particular user was the reason this was so challenging this time around, but I would like to have a box that I can cart from desk to desk to use wireshark on my laptop at any station where I need it. 3com, cisco, netgear, etc. (ad nauseum), all make switches that can be configured for port mirroring, but in my case, the smaller, the better. For the sake of my sanity, I'll probably end up running it off a battery anyway. If my laptop had two ethernet ports, this would be easy. So, whaddya recommand for a device that requires 0 configuration at each powerup (though I'm fine with poking at it for a while to set it up initially.) Small, light, and cheap enough to get it past purchasing? Thanks,

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