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• Oracle VM RAC template - what it took

  - by wcoekaer

  In my previous posting I introduced the latest Oracle Real Application Cluster / Oracle VM template. I mentioned how easy it is to deploy a complete Oracle RAC cluster with Oracle VM. In fact, you don't need any prior knowledge at all to get a complete production-ready setup going. Here is an example... I built a 4 node RAC cluster, completely configured in just over 40 minutes - starting from import template into Oracle VM, create VMs to fully up and running Oracle RAC. And what was needed? 1 textfile with some hostnames and ip addresses and deploycluster.py. The setup is a 4 node cluster where each VM has 8GB of RAM and 4 vCPUs. The shared ASM storage in this case is 100GB, 5 x 20GB volumes. The VM names are racovm.0-racovm.3. The deploycluster script starts the VMs, verifies the configuration and sends the database cluster configuration info through Oracle VM Manager to the 4 node VMs. Once the VMs are up and running, the first VM starts the actual Oracle RAC setup inside and talks to the 3 other VMs. I did not log into any VM until after everything was completed. In fact, I connected to the database remotely before logging in at all. # ./deploycluster.py -u admin -H localhost --vms racovm.0,racovm.1,racovm.2,racovm.3 --netconfig ./netconfig.ini Oracle RAC OneCommand (v1.1.0) for Oracle VM - deploy cluster - (c) 2011-2012 Oracle Corporation (com: 26700:v1.1.0, lib: 126247:v1.1.0, var: 1100:v1.1.0) - v2.4.3 - wopr8.wimmekes.net (x86_64) Invoked as root at Sat Jun 2 17:31:29 2012 (size: 37500, mtime: Wed May 16 00:13:19 2012) Using: ./deploycluster.py -u admin -H localhost --vms racovm.0,racovm.1,racovm.2,racovm.3 --netconfig ./netconfig.ini INFO: Login password to Oracle VM Manager not supplied on command line or environment (DEPLOYCLUSTER_MGR_PASSWORD), prompting... Password: INFO: Attempting to connect to Oracle VM Manager... INFO: Oracle VM Client (3.1.1.305) protocol (1.8) CONNECTED (tcp) to Oracle VM Manager (3.1.1.336) protocol (1.8) IP (192.168.1.40) UUID (0004fb0000010000cbce8a3181569a3e) INFO: Inspecting /root/rac/deploycluster/netconfig.ini for number of nodes defined... INFO: Detected 4 nodes in: /root/rac/deploycluster/netconfig.ini INFO: Located a total of (4) VMs; 4 VMs with a simple name of: ['racovm.0', 'racovm.1', 'racovm.2', 'racovm.3'] INFO: Verifying all (4) VMs are in Running state INFO: VM with a simple name of "racovm.0" is in a Stopped state, attempting to start it...OK. INFO: VM with a simple name of "racovm.1" is in a Stopped state, attempting to start it...OK. INFO: VM with a simple name of "racovm.2" is in a Stopped state, attempting to start it...OK. INFO: VM with a simple name of "racovm.3" is in a Stopped state, attempting to start it...OK. INFO: Detected that all (4) VMs specified on command have (5) common shared disks between them (ASM_MIN_DISKS=5) INFO: The (4) VMs passed basic sanity checks and in Running state, sending cluster details as follows: netconfig.ini (Network setup): /root/rac/deploycluster/netconfig.ini buildcluster: yes INFO: Starting to send cluster details to all (4) VM(s)....... INFO: Sending to VM with a simple name of "racovm.0".... INFO: Sending to VM with a simple name of "racovm.1"..... INFO: Sending to VM with a simple name of "racovm.2"..... INFO: Sending to VM with a simple name of "racovm.3"...... INFO: Cluster details sent to (4) VMs... Check log (default location /u01/racovm/buildcluster.log) on build VM (racovm.0)... INFO: deploycluster.py completed successfully at 17:32:02 in 33.2 seconds (00m:33s) Logfile at: /root/rac/deploycluster/deploycluster2.log my netconfig.ini # Node specific information NODE1=db11rac1 NODE1VIP=db11rac1-vip NODE1PRIV=db11rac1-priv NODE1IP=192.168.1.56 NODE1VIPIP=192.168.1.65 NODE1PRIVIP=192.168.2.2 NODE2=db11rac2 NODE2VIP=db11rac2-vip NODE2PRIV=db11rac2-priv NODE2IP=192.168.1.58 NODE2VIPIP=192.168.1.66 NODE2PRIVIP=192.168.2.3 NODE3=db11rac3 NODE3VIP=db11rac3-vip NODE3PRIV=db11rac3-priv NODE3IP=192.168.1.173 NODE3VIPIP=192.168.1.174 NODE3PRIVIP=192.168.2.4 NODE4=db11rac4 NODE4VIP=db11rac4-vip NODE4PRIV=db11rac4-priv NODE4IP=192.168.1.175 NODE4VIPIP=192.168.1.176 NODE4PRIVIP=192.168.2.5 # Common data PUBADAP=eth0 PUBMASK=255.255.255.0 PUBGW=192.168.1.1 PRIVADAP=eth1 PRIVMASK=255.255.255.0 RACCLUSTERNAME=raccluster DOMAINNAME=wimmekes.net DNSIP= # Device used to transfer network information to second node # in interview mode NETCONFIG_DEV=/dev/xvdc # 11gR2 specific data SCANNAME=db11vip SCANIP=192.168.1.57 last few lines of the in-VM log file : 2012-06-02 14:01:40:[clusterstate:Time :db11rac1] Completed successfully in 2 seconds (0h:00m:02s) 2012-06-02 14:01:40:[buildcluster:Done :db11rac1] Build 11gR2 RAC Cluster 2012-06-02 14:01:40:[buildcluster:Time :db11rac1] Completed successfully in 1779 seconds (0h:29m:39s) From start_vm to completely configured : 29m:39s. The other 10m was the import template and create 4 VMs from template along with the shared storage configuration. This consists of a complete Oracle 11gR2 RAC database with ASM, CRS and the RDBMS up and running on all 4 nodes. Simply connect and use. Production ready. Oracle on Oracle.

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• What is involved for a simple UDP game?

  - by acidzombie24

  I once tried to write a simple game with UDP in a week as a throwaway test. It went horribly. I threw it away early. The main problem i had was restoring the game state of all players/enemies/objects to an old state and fast forward the game to the point of time the player is playing (ie half a second before a jump. A little early or late can make the player miss the jump) Maybe this method is not the easiest way? i suspect it to be but i designed it wrong from the beginning and realized at the end of 2nd day. (so i didnt learn too much or wasted that much time) For myself and others, What is involved for a simple UDP game and how do i write one? Or how do i solve the prediction problem restoring to state properly. I'll mark this as CW bc i know there will be lots of helpful answers.

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• How to design a character animation system?

  - by Andrea Benedetti

  I'm searching for suggestions and resources on the possible ways to design a character animation system. I mean a system built on top of the graphics engine (as graphics engine I use Ogre3D, that provide an animation layer), and in strict contact with the logic of the game. It's for a sports title, so the question is not easy. Edit: What I'm searching for are suggestions and resources about the action state mechines (or animation state machines), that is build on top of the animation pipeline already provided by the graphics engine. So, a state-driver animation interface for use by virtually all higher-level game code.

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• What's going on with my wireless?

  - by Mark Scott

  The WiFi on my Acer laptop (it's a 3810TZ, with Intel Corporation Centrino Wireless-N 1000) works flawlessly on Ubuntu 11.04. On 11.10, it's continually up and down, and it fills the system log with messages such as those below. What is going on? It seems to be unable to decide which regulatory domain it's in. Despite the system configuration being quite clearly set to UK it persists in configuring itself as though it was opeating in Taiwan! Nov 22 15:34:37 MES3810 wpa_supplicant[1053]: WPA: 4-Way Handshake failed - pre-shared key may be incorrect Nov 22 15:34:37 MES3810 wpa_supplicant[1053]: CTRL-EVENT-DISCONNECTED bssid=00:50:7f:72:bf:b0 reason=15 Nov 22 15:34:37 MES3810 wpa_supplicant[1053]: CTRL-EVENT-DISCONNECTED bssid=00:00:00:00:00:00 reason=3 Nov 22 15:34:37 MES3810 kernel: [18239.240355] cfg80211: All devices are disconnected, going to restore regulatory settings Nov 22 15:34:37 MES3810 kernel: [18239.240362] cfg80211: Restoring regulatory settings Nov 22 15:34:37 MES3810 kernel: [18239.240368] cfg80211: Calling CRDA to update world regulatory domain Nov 22 15:34:37 MES3810 kernel: [18239.240408] wlan0: deauthenticating from 00:50:7f:72:bf:b0 by local choice (reason=3) Nov 22 15:34:37 MES3810 NetworkManager[875]: (wlan0): supplicant interface state: 4-way handshake - disconnected Nov 22 15:34:37 MES3810 kernel: [18239.246556] cfg80211: Ignoring regulatory request Set by core since the driver uses its own custom regulatory domain Nov 22 15:34:37 MES3810 kernel: [18239.246563] cfg80211: World regulatory domain updated: Nov 22 15:34:37 MES3810 kernel: [18239.246567] cfg80211: (start_freq - end_freq @ bandwidth), (max_antenna_gain, max_eirp) Nov 22 15:34:37 MES3810 kernel: [18239.246572] cfg80211: (2402000 KHz - 2472000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm) Nov 22 15:34:37 MES3810 kernel: [18239.246577] cfg80211: (2457000 KHz - 2482000 KHz @ 20000 KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm) Nov 22 15:34:37 MES3810 kernel: [18239.246582] cfg80211: (2474000 KHz - 2494000 KHz @ 20000 KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm) Nov 22 15:34:37 MES3810 kernel: [18239.246587] cfg80211: (5170000 KHz - 5250000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm) Nov 22 15:34:37 MES3810 kernel: [18239.246592] cfg80211: (5735000 KHz - 5835000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (300 mBi, 2000 mBm) Nov 22 15:34:37 MES3810 NetworkManager[875]: (wlan0): supplicant interface state: disconnected - scanning Nov 22 15:34:37 MES3810 wpa_supplicant[1053]: Trying to authenticate with 00:50:7f:72:bf:b0 (SSID='PoplarHouse' freq=2412 MHz) Nov 22 15:34:37 MES3810 NetworkManager[875]: (wlan0): supplicant interface state: scanning - authenticating Nov 22 15:34:37 MES3810 kernel: [18239.509877] wlan0: authenticate with 00:50:7f:72:bf:b0 (try 1) Nov 22 15:34:37 MES3810 wpa_supplicant[1053]: Trying to associate with 00:50:7f:72:bf:b0 (SSID='PoplarHouse' freq=2412 MHz) Nov 22 15:34:37 MES3810 kernel: [18239.512276] wlan0: authenticated Nov 22 15:34:37 MES3810 kernel: [18239.512615] wlan0: associate with 00:50:7f:72:bf:b0 (try 1) Nov 22 15:34:37 MES3810 NetworkManager[875]: (wlan0): supplicant interface state: authenticating - associating Nov 22 15:34:37 MES3810 kernel: [18239.516508] wlan0: RX ReassocResp from 00:50:7f:72:bf:b0 (capab=0x431 status=0 aid=1) Nov 22 15:34:37 MES3810 kernel: [18239.516514] wlan0: associated Nov 22 15:34:37 MES3810 wpa_supplicant[1053]: Associated with 00:50:7f:72:bf:b0 Nov 22 15:34:37 MES3810 kernel: [18239.529097] cfg80211: Calling CRDA for country: TW Nov 22 15:34:37 MES3810 NetworkManager[875]: (wlan0): supplicant interface state: associating - associated Nov 22 15:34:37 MES3810 kernel: [18239.535680] cfg80211: Updating information on frequency 2412 MHz for a 20 MHz width channel with regulatory rule: Nov 22 15:34:37 MES3810 kernel: [18239.535688] cfg80211: 2402000 KHz - 2472000 KHz @ KHz), (300 mBi, 2700 mBm) Nov 22 15:34:37 MES3810 kernel: [18239.535692] cfg80211: Updating information on frequency 2417 MHz for a 20 MHz width channel with regulatory rule: Nov 22 15:34:37 MES3810 kernel: [18239.535697] cfg80211: 2402000 KHz - 2472000 KHz @ KHz), (300 mBi, 2700 mBm) Nov 22 15:34:37 MES3810 kernel: [18239.535702] cfg80211: Updating information on frequency 2422 MHz for a 20 MHz width channel with regulatory rule: Nov 22 15:34:37 MES3810 kernel: [18239.535707] cfg80211: 2402000 KHz - 2472000 KHz @ KHz), (300 mBi, 2700 mBm) Nov 22 15:34:37 MES3810 kernel: [18239.535711] cfg80211: Updating information on frequency 2427 MHz for a 20 MHz width channel with regulatory rule: Nov 22 15:34:37 MES3810 kernel: [18239.535716] cfg80211: 2402000 KHz - 2472000 KHz @ KHz), (300 mBi, 2700 mBm) Nov 22 15:34:37 MES3810 kernel: [18239.535720] cfg80211: Updating information on frequency 2432 MHz for a 20 MHz width channel with regulatory rule: Nov 22 15:34:37 MES3810 kernel: [18239.535725] cfg80211: 2402000 KHz - 2472000 KHz @ KHz), (300 mBi, 2700 mBm) Nov 22 15:34:37 MES3810 kernel: [18239.535730] cfg80211: Updating information on frequency 2437 MHz for a 20 MHz width channel with regulatory rule: Nov 22 15:34:37 MES3810 kernel: [18239.535735] cfg80211: 2402000 KHz - 2472000 KHz @ KHz), (300 mBi, 2700 mBm) Nov 22 15:34:37 MES3810 kernel: [18239.535739] cfg80211: Updating information on frequency 2442 MHz for a 20 MHz width channel with regulatory rule: Nov 22 15:34:37 MES3810 kernel: [18239.535744] cfg80211: 2402000 KHz - 2472000 KHz @ KHz), (300 mBi, 2700 mBm) Nov 22 15:34:37 MES3810 kernel: [18239.535748] cfg80211: Updating information on frequency 2447 MHz for a 20 MHz width channel with regulatory rule: Nov 22 15:34:37 MES3810 kernel: [18239.535753] cfg80211: 2402000 KHz - 2472000 KHz @ KHz), (300 mBi, 2700 mBm) Nov 22 15:34:37 MES3810 kernel: [18239.535757] cfg80211: Updating information on frequency 2452 MHz for a 20 MHz width channel with regulatory rule: Nov 22 15:34:37 MES3810 kernel: [18239.535763] cfg80211: 2402000 KHz - 2472000 KHz @ KHz), (300 mBi, 2700 mBm) Nov 22 15:34:37 MES3810 kernel: [18239.535767] cfg80211: Updating information on frequency 2457 MHz for a 20 MHz width channel with regulatory rule: Nov 22 15:34:37 MES3810 kernel: [18239.535772] cfg80211: 2402000 KHz - 2472000 KHz @ KHz), (300 mBi, 2700 mBm) Nov 22 15:34:37 MES3810 kernel: [18239.535777] cfg80211: Updating information on frequency 2462 MHz for a 20 MHz width channel with regulatory rule: Nov 22 15:34:37 MES3810 kernel: [18239.535782] cfg80211: 2402000 KHz - 2472000 KHz @ KHz), (300 mBi, 2700 mBm) Nov 22 15:34:37 MES3810 kernel: [18239.535786] cfg80211: Disabling freq 2467 MHz Nov 22 15:34:37 MES3810 kernel: [18239.535789] cfg80211: Disabling freq 2472 MHz Nov 22 15:34:37 MES3810 kernel: [18239.535794] cfg80211: Regulatory domain changed to country: TW Nov 22 15:34:37 MES3810 kernel: [18239.535797] cfg80211: (start_freq - end_freq @ bandwidth), (max_antenna_gain, max_eirp) Nov 22 15:34:37 MES3810 kernel: [18239.535802] cfg80211: (2402000 KHz - 2472000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (300 mBi, 2700 mBm) Nov 22 15:34:37 MES3810 kernel: [18239.535807] cfg80211: (5270000 KHz - 5330000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (300 mBi, 1700 mBm) Nov 22 15:34:37 MES3810 kernel: [18239.535812] cfg80211: (5735000 KHz - 5815000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (300 mBi, 3000 mBm) Nov 22 15:34:38 MES3810 NetworkManager[875]: (wlan0): supplicant interface state: associated - 4-way handshake Any ideas?

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• How to have operations with character/items in binary with concrete operations?

  - by Piperoman

  I have the next problem. A item can have a lot of states: NORMAL = 0000000 DRY = 0000001 HOT = 0000010 BURNING = 0000100 WET = 0001000 COLD = 0010000 FROZEN = 0100000 POISONED= 1000000 A item can have some states at same time but not all of them Is impossible to be dry and wet at same time. If you COLD a WET item, it turns into FROZEN. If you HOT a WET item, it turns into NORMAL A item can be BURNING and POISON Etc. I have tried to set binary flags to states, and use AND to combine different states, checking before if it is possible or not to do it, or change to another status. Does there exist a concrete approach to solve this problem efficiently without having an interminable switch that checks every state with every new state? It is relatively easy to check 2 different states, but if there exists a third state it is not trivial to do.

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• Best Practices - Dynamic Reconfiguration

  - by jsavit

  This post is one of a series of "best practices" notes for Oracle VM Server for SPARC (formerly named Logical Domains) Overview of dynamic Reconfiguration Oracle VM Server for SPARC supports Dynamic Reconfiguration (DR), making it possible to add or remove resources to or from a domain (virtual machine) while it is running. This is extremely useful because resources can be shifted to or from virtual machines in response to load conditions without having to reboot or interrupt running applications. For example, if an application requires more CPU capacity, you can add CPUs to improve performance, and remove them when they are no longer needed. You can use even use Dynamic Resource Management (DRM) policies that automatically add and remove CPUs to domains based on load. How it works (in broad general terms) Dynamic Reconfiguration is done in coordination with Solaris, which recognises a hypervisor request to change its virtual machine configuration and responds appropriately. In essence, Solaris receives a message saying "you now have 16 more CPUs numbered 16 to 31" or "8GB more RAM starting at address X" or "here's a new network or disk device - have fun with it". These actions take very little time. Solaris then can start using the new resource. In the case of added CPUs, that means dispatching processes and potentially binding interrupts to the new CPUs. For memory, Solaris adds the new memory pages to its "free" list and starts using them. Comparable actions occur with network and disk devices: they are recognised by Solaris and then used. Removing is the reverse process: after receiving the DR message to free specific CPUs, Solaris unbinds interrupts assigned to the CPUs and stops dispatching process threads. That takes very little time. primary # ldm list NAME STATE FLAGS CONS VCPU MEMORY UTIL UPTIME primary active -n-cv- SP 16 4G 1.0% 6d 22h 29m ldom1 active -n---- 5000 16 8G 0.9% 6h 59m primary # ldm set-core 5 ldom1 primary # ldm list NAME STATE FLAGS CONS VCPU MEMORY UTIL UPTIME primary active -n-cv- SP 16 4G 0.2% 6d 22h 29m ldom1 active -n---- 5000 40 8G 0.1% 6h 59m primary # ldm set-core 2 ldom1 primary # ldm list NAME STATE FLAGS CONS VCPU MEMORY UTIL UPTIME primary active -n-cv- SP 16 4G 1.0% 6d 22h 29m ldom1 active -n---- 5000 16 8G 0.9% 6h 59m Memory pages are vacated by copying their contents to other memory locations and wiping them clean. Solaris may have to swap memory contents to disk if the remaining RAM isn't enough to hold all the contents. For this reason, deallocating memory can take longer on a loaded system. Even on a lightly loaded system it took several 7 or 8 seconds to switch the domain below between 8GB and 24GB of RAM. primary # ldm set-mem 24g ldom1 primary # ldm list NAME STATE FLAGS CONS VCPU MEMORY UTIL UPTIME primary active -n-cv- SP 16 4G 0.1% 6d 22h 36m ldom1 active -n---- 5000 16 24G 0.2% 7h 6m primary # ldm set-mem 8g ldom1 primary # ldm list NAME STATE FLAGS CONS VCPU MEMORY UTIL UPTIME primary active -n-cv- SP 16 4G 0.7% 6d 22h 37m ldom1 active -n---- 5000 16 8G 0.3% 7h 7m What if the device is in use? (this is the anecdote that inspired this blog post) If CPU or memory is being removed, releasing it pretty straightforward, using the method described above. The resources are released, and Solaris continues with less capacity. It's not as simple with a network or I/O device: you don't want to yank a device out from underneath an application that might be using it. In the following example, I've added a virtual network device to ldom1 and want to take it away, even though it's been plumbed. primary # ldm rm-vnet vnet19 ldom1 Guest LDom returned the following reason for failing the operation: Resource Information ---------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------- /devices/virtual-devices@100/channel-devices@200/network@1 Network interface net1 VIO operation failed because device is being used in LDom ldom1 Failed to remove VNET instance That's what I call a helpful error message - telling me exactly what was wrong. In this case the problem is easily solved. I know this NIC is seen in the guest as net1 so: ldom1 # ifconfig net1 down unplumb Now I can dispose of it, and even the virtual switch I had created for it: primary # ldm rm-vnet vnet19 ldom1 primary # ldm rm-vsw primary-vsw9 If I had to take away the device disruptively, I could have used ldm rm-vnet -f but that could disrupt whoever was using it. It's better if that can be avoided. Summary Oracle VM Server for SPARC provides dynamic reconfiguration, which lets you modify a guest domain's CPU, memory and I/O configuration on the fly without reboot. You can add and remove resources as needed, and even automate this for CPUs by setting up resource policies. Taking things away can be more complicated than giving, especially for devices like disks and networks that may contain application and system state or be involved in a transaction. LDoms and Solaris cooperative work together to coordinate resource allocation and de-allocation in a safe and effective way. For best practices, use dynamic reconfiguration to make the best use of your system's resources.

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• How to get the correct battery status?

  - by GUI Junkie

  At this moment, ever since I installed Ubuntu on this machine, the battery status says: not present. Looking at this answer, however, I find that /proc/acpi/battery/BAT1/info (sometimes its /proc/acpi/battery/BAT0/info, use tab complete to help) has the following info: present: yes design capacity: 4400 mAh last full capacity: 4400 mAh battery technology: rechargeable design voltage: 11100 mV design capacity warning: 300 mAh design capacity low: 132 mAh cycle count: 0 capacity granularity 1: 32 mAh capacity granularity 2: 32 mAh model number: BAT1 serial number: 11 battery type: 11 OEM info: 11 In accordance to this answer, I've checked the /proc/acpi/battery/BAT1/state file: present: yes capacity state: ok charging state: charged present rate: unknown remaining capacity: unknown present voltage: 10000 mV The acpi -b command returns: Battery 0: Unknown, 0%, rate information unavailable Any suggestions on getting the battery info updated?

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• How to have operations with character/items on binary with concrete operations on C++?

  - by Piperoman

  I have the next problem. A item can have a lot of states: NORMAL = 0000000 DRY = 0000001 HOT = 0000010 BURNING = 0000100 WET = 0001000 COLD = 0010000 FROZEN = 0100000 POISONED= 1000000 A item can have some states at same time but not all of them Is impossible to be dry and wet at same time. If you COLD a WET item, it turns into FROZEN. If you HOT a WET item, it turns into NORMAL A item can be BURNING and POISON Etc. I have tried to set binary flags to states, and use AND to combine different states, checking before if it is possible or not to do it, or change to another status. Does there exist a concrete approach to solve this problem efficiently without having an interminable switch that checks every state with every new state? It is relatively easy to check 2 different states, but if there exists a third state it is not trivial to do.

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• Why is this 8 puzzle unsolvable?

  - by Ashwin

  I am developing a 8 puzzle game. I went through the rules in this (see Detecting Unsolvable Puzzles) link, which tell you how to detect if an initial state is unsolvable. It says that if the number of inversions is odd, then the goal state cannot be reached and if even the goal state can be reached. Inversion is defined as Given a board, an inversion is any pair of blocks i and j where i < j but i appears after j when considering the board in row-major order (row 0, followed by row 1, and so forth). There is a 8-puzzle solver(applet) here. Choose 8-puzzle from the options. 1,0,3,2,4,5,6,7,8 and 7,0,2,8,5,3,6,4,1 As you can see both of them contain an even number of inversions. Still the program says that the puzzle is unsolvable. So is the Princeton link wrong?

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• SOA, Governance, and Drugs

  Why is IT governance important in service oriented architecture (SOA)? IT Governance provides a framework for making appropriate decisions based on company guidelines and accepted standards. This framework also outlines each stakeholder’s responsibilities and authority when making important architectural or design decisions. Furthermore, this framework of governance defines parameters and constraints that are used to give context and perspective when making decisions. The use of governance as it applies to SOA ensures that specific design principles and patterns are used when developing and maintaining services. When governance is consistently applied systems the following benefits are achieved according to Anne Thomas Manes in 2010. Governance makes sure that services conform to standard interface patterns, common data modeling practices, and promotes the incorporation of existing system functionality by building on top of other available services across a system. Governance defines development standards based on proven design principles and patterns that promote reuse and composition. Governance provides developers a set of proven design principles, standards and practices that promote the reduction in system based component dependencies.  By following these guidelines, individual components will be easier to maintain. For me personally, I am a fan of IT governance, and feel that it valuable part of any corporate IT department. However, depending on how it is implemented can really affect the value of using IT governance.  Companies need to find a way to ensure that governance does not become extreme in its policies and procedures. I know for me personally, I would really dislike working under a completely totalitarian or laissez-faire version of governance. Developers need to be able to be creative in their designs and too much governance can really impede the design process and prevent the most optimal design from being developed. On the other hand, with no governance enforced, no standards will be followed and accepted design patterns will be ignored. I have personally had to spend a lot of time working on this particular scenario and I have found that the concept of code reuse and composition is almost nonexistent.  Based on this, too much time and money is wasted on redeveloping existing aspects of an application that already exist within the system as a whole. I think moving forward we will see a staggered form of IT governance, regardless if it is for SOA or IT in general.  Depending on the size of a company and the size of its IT department,  I can see IT governance as a layered approach in that the top layer will be defined by enterprise architects that focus on abstract concepts pertaining to high level design, general  guidelines, acceptable best practices, and recommended design patterns.  The next layer will be defined by solution architects or department managers that further expand on abstracted guidelines defined by the enterprise architects. This layer will contain further definitions as to when various design patterns, coding standards, and best practices are to be applied based on the context of the solutions that are being developed by the department. The final layer will be defined by the system designer or a solutions architect assed to a project in that they will define what design patterns will be used in a solution, naming conventions, as well as outline how a system will function based on the best practices defined by the previous layers. This layered approach allows for IT departments to be flexible in that system designers have creative leeway in designing solutions to meet the needs of the business, but they must operate within the confines of the abstracted IT governance guidelines.  A real world example of this can be seen in the United States as it pertains to governance of the people in that the US government defines rules and regulations in the abstract and then the state governments take these guidelines and applies them based on the will of the people in each individual state. Furthermore, the county or city governments are the ones that actually enforce these rules based on how they are interpreted by local community.  To further define my example, the United States government defines that marijuana is illegal. Each individual state has the option to determine this regulation as it wishes in that the state of Florida determines that all uses of the drug are illegal, but the state of California legally allows the use of marijuana for medicinal purposes only. Based on these accepted practices each local government enforces these rules in that a police officer will arrest anyone in the state of Florida for having this drug on them if they walk down the street, but in California if a person has a medical prescription for the drug they will not get arrested.  REFERENCESThomas Manes, Anne. (2010). Understanding SOA Governance: http://www.soamag.com/I40/0610-2.php

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• Unstable Wifi and Spontaneous Low-graphic Error with Pavilion DV4

  - by Constant Dean

  I've been having numerous problems with connectivity through WiFi. It had been working for a few days and now it doesn't. On top of that around 40% of every time I turn on the laptop it shows "System running in low-graphics" error and I'm unable to view the desktop (sometimes not even able to access terminal), therefore having to manually power-down until it finally works. I use Ubuntu 12.10. nm-tool NetworkManager Tool State: connected (global) - Device: eth0 [Wired connection 1] ------------------------------------------- Type: Wired Driver: r8169 State: connected Default: yes HW Address: 84:34:97:6B:2E:D7 Capabilities: Carrier Detect: yes Speed: 10 Mb/s Wired Properties Carrier: on IPv4 Settings: Address: 192.168.1.10 Prefix: 24 (255.255.255.0) Gateway: 192.168.1.1 DNS: 192.168.1.1 DNS: 68.237.161.12 - Device: wlan0 ---------------------------------------------------------------- Type: 802.11 WiFi Driver: rt2800pci State: unavailable Default: no HW Address: 68:94:23:50:A5:D9 Capabilities: Wireless Properties WEP Encryption: yes WPA Encryption: yes WPA2 Encryption: yes Wireless Access Points

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• when should a database table be broken into multiple tables with relations?

  - by GSto

  I have an application that needs to store client data, and part of that is some data about their employer as well. Assuming that a client can only have one employer, and that the chance of people having identical employer data is slim to none, which schema would make more sense to use? Schema 1 Client Table: ------------------- id int name varchar(255), email varchar(255), address varchar(255), city varchar(255), state char(2), zip varchar(16), employer_name varchar(255), employer_phone varchar(255), employer_address varchar(255), employer_city varchar(255), employer_state char(2), employer_zip varchar(16) **Schema 2** Client Table ------------------ id int name varchar(255), email varchar(255), address varchar(255), city varchar(255), state char(2), zip varchar(16), Employer Table --------------------- id int name varchar(255), phone varchar(255), address varchar(255), city varchar(255), state char(2), zip varchar(16) patient_id int Part of me thinks that since are clearly two different 'objects' in the real world, seperating them out into two different tables makes sense. However, since a client will always have an employer, I'm also not seeing any real benefits to seperating them out, and it would make querying data about clients more complex. Is there any benefit / reason for creating two tables in a situation like this one instead of one?

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• How can I refactor my code to use fewer singletons?

  - by fish

  I started a component based, networked game (so far only working on the server). I know why singletons can be bad, but I can't think of another way to implement the same thing. So far I have: A GameState singleton (for managing the global state of the game, i.e. pre-game, running, exiting). A World singleton, which is the root entity for my entity graph An EntityFactory A ComponentFactory I'm thinking about adding a "MessageDispatcher" so individual components can subscribe to network messages. The factories do not have state, so I suppose they aren't so bad. However, the others do have global state, which is asking for trouble. How can I refactor my code so it uses fewer singletons?

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• Diagnosing permission problems with Cobian Backup to network share

  - by DaveBurns

  I'm running the latest Cobian 11. I have a Synology DS412 NAS. All of my machines (Mac and Windows) access this just fine when I'm logged in and I browse to it manually. I have Cobian installed as a service on two Windows machines: WinXP SP3 and Win7 x64. On both machines, the service is set to log on with my user account which is in the Windows administrator group. Backups on both machines fail with the message "Couldn't create the destination directory "\nas1\backups\foo\bar\": The filename, directory name, or volume label syntax is incorrect". I have tried setting the NAS's share to allow anonymous read/write access but it made no difference. Although I want the backups to run unattended in the middle of the night, I have tested them by running them manually while I'm logged in but no luck. Before starting that, I make sure that I can browse to the NAS with Explorer to ensure that any authentication session with Windows and the NAS has not expired. Still no luck. I have tried creating that destination directory both on the NAS before the backup and deleting it so the backup job could create it with the client's credentials but no luck. The usual answer in the Cobian support forums is that there is a permission problem. I agree. But at this point, what can I do to diagnose this further?

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• VMRC equivalent for Hyper-V?

  - by Ian Boyd

  VMRC was the client tool used to connect to virtual machines running on Virtual Server. Upgrading to Windows Server 2008 R2 with the Hyper-V role, i need a way for people to be able to use the virtual machines. Note: not all virtual machines will have network connectivity not all virtual machines will be running Windows some people needing to connect to a virtual machine will be running Windows XP Hyper-V manager, allowing management of the hyper-v server, is less desirable (since it allows management of the hyper-v server (and doesn't work on all operating systems)) What is the Windows Server 2008 R2 equivalent of VMRC; to "vnc" to a virtual server? Update: i think Tatas was suggesting Microsoft System Center Virtual Machine Manager Self-Service Portal 2.0 (?): Which requires SQL Server IIS Installing those would unfortunately violate our Windows Server 2008 R2 license. i might be looking at the wrong product link, since commenter said there is a version that doesn't require "System Center". Update 2: The Windows Server 2008 R2 running HyperV is being licensed with the understanding that it only be used to host HyperV. From the [Windows Server 2008 R2 Licensing FAQ][4]: Q. If I have one license for Windows Server 2008 R2 Standard and want to run it in a virtual operating system environment, can I continue running it in the physical operating system environment? A. Yes, with Windows Server 2008 R2 Standard, you may run one instance in the physical operating system environment and one instance in the virtual operating system environment; however, the instance running in the physical operating system environment may be used only to run hardware virtualization software, provide hardware virtualization services, or to run software to manage and service operating system environments on the licensed server. This is why i'm weary about installing IIS or SQL Server.

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• Odd behavior of setting REMOTE_ADDR between Apache, Nginx, and AWS ELB

  - by Chris Drumgoole

  I have encountered a strange issue and am curious if others have encountered this as well. and if there is absolutely anything that can be done.. We have a set up where we have multiple AWS EC2 Linux machines sitting behind a ELB. The EC2 machines are running Nginx. Let's refer to these as my production machines (because they are!) I also have a Rackspace cloud machine running apache. Completely separate. Let's call this the test server. Now, there's a ISP here in Singapore that seems to be funneling traffic through a transparent proxy or something, and when you do a IP check, the IP often changes. In fact, I noticed that when I check on http://www.whatismyip.com, the ip seems to be stable (doesn't change) across refreshes. But, http://www.whatismyipaddress.com, on refreshing, the IP changes! (so my ISP is doing weird stuff). Now, back to my set up, I noticed a couple of things: Checking the REMOTE_ADDR variable from PHP when connecting to a single Nginx production machine (bypassing the load balancer), is set to the stable IP that does change. Checking the REMOTE_ADDR variable from PHP when connecting to the test Apache server, it is set to the IP that does change on refreshes. Checking the headers when connecting to the nginx production machines through the ELB, the ELB sets the HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR to the stable IP. Has anyone experienced this odd behavior? Is there nothing that I can do? And which IP should I "trust"? (the one Apache gives, or the one ELB and Nginx gives?) Thanks! Chris

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• Ubuntu Server mdadm drbd ocfs2 kvm hangs under heavy file reading

  - by Stefano Annese

  I have deployed four ubuntu 10.04 server. They are coupled two by two in a cluster scenario. on both sides we have software raid1 disks, drbd8 and OCFS2 and on top of it some kvm machines run with qcow2 disks. I followed this: Link corosync is just used for DRBD and OCFS, the kvm machines are run "manually" When it works is fine: good performances, good I/O, but at a given time one of the two cluster started hanging. Then we tried with just one server turned on and it hangs the same. It seems to happen when an heavy READ in one of the virtual machines occurs, that is during rsyn backup. When the fact occurs the virtual machines are not reachable any more and the real server responds with good delay to the ping but no screen and no ssh is available. All we can do is force shutdown (hold the button) and restart and when it turns on again the raid on which relay drbd is resyncing. All the time it hangs we see such fact. After a couple of week of pain on one side this morning also the other cluster hung, but it has different moteherboard, ram, kvm instances. What is similar is reading for rsync scenario and Western Digital RAID Edistion disks on both side. Can anybody give me some input to solve such issue?

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• Load Sharing Regarding Large Websites

  - by JHarley1

  Hello, I have a question regarding Load Sharing for large websites. My Understanding: So if you have a website that has millions of fits a day you will need to have an architecture that can support this sort of pressure. You can either do one or two things: Invest in a single large server that has huge amounts of processing power, memory and storage (such as Microsoft's TerraServer). Spread the load of your website across a number of machines. Let me tackle the second approach, so you have a collection of machines all running Web Server Software and all having access to identical copies of the websites pages. You can either spread the load across these machines using a cyclic pattern in a DNS or you can use a Load Ballancing Switch. The advantages of this approach is: - Redundancy - servers can fail and the others would "pick up the slack" - Incremental - the ability to easily add new machines to this set-up. My Question's Is there a Virtual approach to this issue of load balancing now? If the website runs from a database - is there still only a single copy of the database? If a user had a session running on one Server (e.g. they had gone to www.example.org and had been assigned to Server 2 - were they had created a session) if they refreshed the website (and were allocated Server 3) would they still have their session? What are the other disadvantages associated with Load Balancing? Many Thanks, J

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• cloning a kvm guest os to a vmdk file

  - by Bond

  I have a production environment where I am having 4 Guest OS running on a Ubuntu server which uses kvm. These OS are in an LVM based setup.I want these Virtual Machines to be in a vmdk format also.Where people would do experiments with these Virtual Machines so this in a vmware environment (or it can be Xen too) would be different from the kvm server.I would not have any control on that other environment so I want to give people vmdk images of these virtual machines. The production Virtual Machines will still keep running on kvm server but the VMs on which experiments would be done would be of type vmdk.(vmdk is a constraint) Here is output of lvscan ACTIVE '/dev/abcd/lvm1' [100.00 GiB] inherit ACTIVE '/dev/abcd/lvm2' [150.00 GiB] inherit ACTIVE '/dev/abcd/lvm3' [50.00 GiB] inherit ACTIVE '/dev/abcd/lvm4' [100.00 GiB] inherit I was reading man page of qemu-img and what I understand is I need to first create a qcow image file which I need to populate and then convert that to a vmdk file. Is that understanding correct? Now suppose /dev/abcd/lvm4 is the virtual machine with which I am going to start this experiment.I can shutdown the production VMs for some time to do this. So is the following way correct to go on server 1 (where kvm is running) qemu-img convert -c -f raw -O vmdk /dev/abcd/lvm4 /backup/lvm4.img or it will affect the lvm4 on kvm server 1. I do not want the VM running on original server to at all loose its any of the content but also have a vmdk file for each of the Guest OS on kvm. Before I proceed with any of the above things on the production machine I just want to make sure that I am doing the correct thing so I asking here.

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• Server 2003 Terminal Services Printers not redirecting, no sessions created.

  - by mikerdz

  Ok, odd scenario on a Windows Server 2003 Server Standard running as Terminal Server. Friday, installed 2 new Windows 7 machines to replace older XP machines. After adding these machines and their local printers, none of the otehr 16 Windows 7 machines can redirect printing to the server. I have checked Global Policy on domain controller, nothing is being blocked. In Terminal Services Manager, the client settings are set to User Client Settings. On RDP client, port redirection is enabled. I have tried disabling the Use Client Settings option and manually selected the options for print redirection and default printer connection, but still does not work. After some reaserching, I found this MS article: http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2492632 I went ahead and added the HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server\Wds\rdpwd\fEnablePrintRDR DWORD that the article references and set it to "1" to enable the option. I restarted the server, but still would not print. I am getting quite desperate with this issue because nothing seems to have changed when installing the two new clients and printers. I uninstalled the print drivers for the printers from the server. I have even gone as far as connecting each of the printers manually via UPD (\computername\printer) but even thought it works, it prints awfully slow. Please help!!!!

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• Install a KVM guest with LVM partitioning on an LVM partitioned host using virt-install fails, volume group already exists

  - by Rilik84

  our setup consists of a ubuntu 10.04 kvm host server with LVM, on top of which we install the ubuntu 10.04 virtual machines via virt-install and preseed. Each VM has a dedicated logical volume which we pass to virt-install via the "--disk path=/dev/sysvg/vm-name" parameter. The virtual machines themselves are using LVM as well. Virt-install seems to have a few issues with this setup. Say we want to install two virtual machines in parallel. The first vm installs correctly while the second halts during the partitioning, complaining with this error: "volume group name already in use". I tried removing the logical volumes, recreated them, rebooted the kvm host to clear any leftovers but the issue perists. The preseed is telling the vms to create a volume group named "sysvg", which is the same name used by the volume group of the kvm host. Considering this I did another test: I got rid of the preseed part taking care of the partitioning/lvm creation and started the creation of two vms in parallel. If, when prompted, I instruct the vms' installer to do a guided partitioning of the disk with LVM, it will still fail giving this different error on both the vms: Physical Volume /dev/sda5 is already in volume group sysvg. As I wrote, sysvg is the volume group used by the KVM host. So I thought the name clashing was the issue. By removing the preseed part I skipped the volume group naming. I can't understand how the virtual machines would be aware of the presence of that volume group since they're supposed to be isolated from it, especially after I removed and recreated the logical volumes dedicated to them. That detail should not be exposed at all to them! Thanks for the help. I'm clueless.

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• Setting Up My Home Network

  - by Skizz

  I currently have five PCs at home, three running WinXP and two running Ubuntu. They are set up like this: ISP ----- Modem ---- Switch ---- Ubuntu1 -- B&W Printer | |--WinXP1 | |--WinXP2 Wireless |--Colour Printer | |---------Ubuntu2 |---------WinXP3 (laptop) The Ubuntu1 machine is set up as a PDC using Samba and runs fetchmail, procmail, dovecot to get my e-mail and allow me to access the e-mail via imap so I can read the e-mail on any PC. I'd like to set up the network like this: ISP ----- Modem ---- Ubuntu1 ---- Switch ------WinXP1 | | |--WinXP2 B&W Printer Wireless |--Colour Printer | |---------Ubuntu2 |---------WinXP3 (laptop) My questions are: How to configure Ubuntu1 to act as a firewall. How to configure Ubuntu1 to provide a consistant user authentication across the network, at the moment Samba provides roaming profiles for the XP machines but the Ubuntu2 machine has it's own user lists. I'd like to have a single authentication for both XP machines and linux machines so that users added to the server list will propagate to all PCs (i.e. new users can log on using any PC without modifying any of the client PCs). How to configure a linux client (Ubuntu2 above) to access files on the server (Ubuntu1), some of which are in user specific folders, effectively sharing /home/{user} per user (read and write access) and stuff like /home/media/photos with read access for everyone and limited write access. How to configure the XP machines (if it is different from a the Samba method). How to set up e-mail filtering. I'd like to have a whitelist/blacklist system for incoming e-mails for some of the e-mail accounts (mainly, my kids' accounts) with filtered e-mails being put into quaranteen until a sysadmin either adds the sender to a blacklist or whitelist. OK, that's a lot of stuff. For now, I don't want config files*, rather, what services / applications to use and how they interact. For example, LDAP could be used for authentication but what else would be useful to make the administration of the LDAP easier. Once I have a general idea for the overall configuration, I can ask other questions about the specifics. Skizz I have looked around for information, but most answers are usually in the form of abstract config files and lists of packages to install.

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• 10 GigE interfaces limits single connection throughput to 1 Gb on a ProCurve 4208vl

  - by wazoox

  The setup is as follow : 3 Linux servers with Intel CX4 10 GigE controllers and an X-Serve with a Myricom 10 GigE CX4 controller are connected to a ProCurve 4208vl switch, with a myriad of other machines connected through good ol' 1000 base-T. The interfaces are actually set up as 10 Gig, according to both the switch monitoring interface and the servers (ethtool, etc). However a single connection between two 10 GigE equipped machines through the switch is limited to exactly 1Gb. If I connect two of the 10 GigE machines directly with a CX4 cable, netperf reports the link bandwidth as 9000 Mb/s. NFS achieves about 550 MB/s transfers. But when I'm using the switch, the connection tops at 950 Mb/s through netperf and 110 MB/s with NFS. When I open several connections from 3 of the machines to the 4th, I get 350 MB/s of NFS transfer speed. So each individual 10 GigE ports actually can reach much more than 1 Gb, but individual connections are strictly limited to 1 Gb. Conclusion : the 10 GigE connection through the switch behaves exactly like a trunk of 10 1 Gb connections. That doesn't make any sense to me, unless HP planned these ports only for cascading switches or strictly for many-clients-to-single-server connection. Unfortunately this is NOT the envisioned setup, we need big throughput from machine to machine. Is this a not-so-known (or carefully hidden...) limitation of this type of switch? Should I suggest seppuku to the HP representative? Does anyone have any idea on how to enable a proper behaviour ? I upgraded for an hefty price from bonded 1Gb links to 10 GigE and see exactly ZERO gain! That's absolutely unacceptable.

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• Best practices for thin-provisioning Linux servers (on VMware)

  - by nbr

  I have a setup of about 20 Linux machines, each with about 30-150 gigabytes of customer data. Probably the size of data will grow significantly faster on some machines than others. These are virtual machines on a VMware vSphere cluster. The disk images are stored on a SAN system. I'm trying to find a solution that would use disk space sparingly, while still allowing for easy growing of individual machines. In theory, I would just create big disks for each machine and use thin provisioning. Each disk would grow as needed. However, it seems that a 500 GB ext3 filesystem with only 50 GB of data and quite a low number of writes still easily grows the disk image to eg. 250 GB over time. Or maybe I'm doing something wrong here? (I was surprised how little I found on the subject with Google. BTW, there's even no thin-provisioning tag on serverfault.com.) Currently I'm planning to create big, thin-provisioned disks - but with a small LVM volume on them. For example: a 100 GB volume on a 500 GB disk. That way I could more easily grow the LVM volume and the filesystem size as needed, even online. Now for the actual question: Are there better ways to do this? (that is, to grow data size as needed without downtime.) Possible solutions include: Using a thin-provisioning friendly filesystem that tries to occupy the same spots over and over again, thus not growing the image size. Finding an easy method of reclaiming free space on the partition (re-thinning?) Something else? A bonus question: If I go with my current plan, would you recommend creating partitions on the disks (pvcreate /dev/sdX1 vs pvcreate /dev/sdX)? I think it's against conventions to use raw disks without partitions, but it would make it a bit easier to grow the disks, if that is ever needed. This is all just a matter of taste, right?

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• Installing Windows 7 over PXE, preferably with domain autojoin

  - by Ivan Vucica

  At an educational non-profit, I've inherited a previously set-up Windows domain that, after the first reinstall of the machines, we ended up not using by simply not joining machines back into the domain. Over last summer, before the annual reinstall for shipping machines to the summer school, I toyed with the idea of installing Windows 7 over network, instead of just imaging the machines. It took a bit longer than I expected to figure out the basics; honestly, I expected that Windows would be more friendly for PXE installation out of the box. What I'm interested in is best practices for installing Windows 7 over PXE with domain autojoin. I'd love it if the whole setup could optionally be hosted on a UNIX based system as well. I've had some success by preparing an ISO using Windows Deployment Kit, and loading the ISO into memory. This was needed since I wanted a menu, and I think I couldn't get PXELINUX to chainload into Windows' bootloader. Unfortunately, I couldn't figure out much about customization of the Windows setup in that timeframe nor could I get Samba to work properly; studying the stuff ended up being too lengthy, especially the portion where I edited a disk image on Windows and copied it outside. WDK didn't make things easier by mounting the disk image into RAM, and writing it in its entirety when done with it, making me a very sad boy. I've recently found a different approach, too, that appears to be closer to Microsoft's original idea for netboot deployment and does not involve ISOs. So my question boils down to the following. What exact approach do you use for netbooting Windows 7 setup? How can Windows 7 setup be best customized to be completely unattended, including installation on specific system partition and not destroying the data partition, creation of passworded admin and default user, choice of MAC-address-based hostname, and joining a domain? As much details as possible for everyone's future reference would be appreciated. WDS isn't a bad choice, but if a Linux-based install can be used, that'd be better.

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