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• How to get physical partition name from iSCSI details on Windows?

  - by Barry Kelly

  I've got a piece of software that needs the name of a partition in \Device\Harddisk2\Partition1 style, as shown e.g. in WinObj. I want to get this partition name from details of the iSCSI connection that underlies the partition. The trouble is that disk order is not fixed - depending on what devices are connected and initialized in what order, it can move around. So suppose I have the portal name (DNS of the iSCSI target), target IQN, etc. I'd like to somehow discover which volumes in the system relate to it, in an automated fashion. I can write some PowerShell WMI queries that get somewhat close to the desired info: PS> get-wmiobject -class Win32_DiskPartition NumberOfBlocks : 204800 BootPartition : True Name : Disk #0, Partition #0 PrimaryPartition : True Size : 104857600 Index : 0 ... From the Name here, I think I can fabricate the corresponding name by adding 1 to the partition number: \Device\Harddisk0\Partition1 - Partition0 appears to be a fake partition mapping to the whole disk. But the above doesn't have enough information to map to the underlying physical device, unless I take a guess based on exact size matching. I can get some info on SCSI devices, but it's not helpful in joining things up (iSCSI target is Nexenta/Solaris COMSTAR): PS> get-wmiobject -class Win32_SCSIControllerDevice __GENUS : 2 __CLASS : Win32_SCSIControllerDevice ... Antecedent : \\COBRA\root\cimv2:Win32_SCSIController.DeviceID="ROOT\\ISCSIPRT\\0000" Dependent : \\COBRA\root\cimv2:Win32_PnPEntity.DeviceID="SCSI\\DISK&VEN_NEXENTA&PROD_COMSTAR... Similarly, I can run queries like these: PS> get-wmiobject -namespace ROOT\WMI -class MSiSCSIInitiator_TargetClass PS> get-wmiobject -namespace ROOT\WMI -class MSiSCSIInitiator_PersistentDevices These guys return information relating to my iSCSI target name and the GUID volume name respectively (a volume name like \\?\Volume{guid-goes-here}), but the GUID volume name is no good to me, and there doesn't appear to be a reliable correspondence between the target name and the volume that I can join on. I simply can't find an easy way of getting from an IQN (e.g. iqn.1992-01.com.example:storage:diskarrays-sn-a8675309) to physical partitions mapped from that target. The way I do it by hand? I start Disk Management, and look for a partition of the correct size, verify that its driver says NEXENTA COMSTAR, and look at the disk number. But even this is unreliable if I have multiple iSCSI volumes of the exact same size. Any suggestions?

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• How to compress / reduce the size of JPEG photos for archiving?

  - by Timo Huovinen

  I have 50,000 high resolution JPEG photos, where a couple of them might occasionally be needed, about once a year. I wanted to zip them to save disk space, except that zipping gives no space benefit - so trying to reduce the images disk usage using winzip, winrar or 7zip was not successful. Is there any software or algorithm similar to zip to compress image size on hard disk for storage without loosing any image information?

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• Best practices for thin-provisioning Linux servers (on VMware)

  - by nbr

  I have a setup of about 20 Linux machines, each with about 30-150 gigabytes of customer data. Probably the size of data will grow significantly faster on some machines than others. These are virtual machines on a VMware vSphere cluster. The disk images are stored on a SAN system. I'm trying to find a solution that would use disk space sparingly, while still allowing for easy growing of individual machines. In theory, I would just create big disks for each machine and use thin provisioning. Each disk would grow as needed. However, it seems that a 500 GB ext3 filesystem with only 50 GB of data and quite a low number of writes still easily grows the disk image to eg. 250 GB over time. Or maybe I'm doing something wrong here? (I was surprised how little I found on the subject with Google. BTW, there's even no thin-provisioning tag on serverfault.com.) Currently I'm planning to create big, thin-provisioned disks - but with a small LVM volume on them. For example: a 100 GB volume on a 500 GB disk. That way I could more easily grow the LVM volume and the filesystem size as needed, even online. Now for the actual question: Are there better ways to do this? (that is, to grow data size as needed without downtime.) Possible solutions include: Using a thin-provisioning friendly filesystem that tries to occupy the same spots over and over again, thus not growing the image size. Finding an easy method of reclaiming free space on the partition (re-thinning?) Something else? A bonus question: If I go with my current plan, would you recommend creating partitions on the disks (pvcreate /dev/sdX1 vs pvcreate /dev/sdX)? I think it's against conventions to use raw disks without partitions, but it would make it a bit easier to grow the disks, if that is ever needed. This is all just a matter of taste, right?

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• DRBD setup problem

  - by cuthieu

  I'm so new to DRBD, please help me fixing the problem below. Enclosed my drbd.conf. Many thanks [root@skonkwerks1 ~]# drbdadm create-md all open(/dev/hdb3) failed: No such file or directory Command 'drbdmeta /dev/drbd0 v08 /dev/hdb3 internal create-md' terminated with exit code 20 drbdsetup exited with code 20 [root@skonkwerks1 ~]# vi /etc/drbd.conf global { usage-count no; } resource repdata { protocol C; startup { wfc-timeout 0; degr-wfc-timeout 120; } disk { on-io-error detach; } # or panic # net { cram-hmac-alg "hdd1"; shared-secret "testing"; } syncer { rate 10M; } on skonkwerks1 { device /dev/drbd0; disk /dev/hdb1; address 172.29.156.1:7788; meta-disk internal; } on skonkwerks2 { device /dev/drbd0; disk /dev/hdb1; address 172.29.156.2:7788; meta-disk internal; } }

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• Burn a DVD to play video on standalone player and include autorun program for PC

  - by ArchieVersace

  Can you burn a DVD film that will play on a standard DVD player but also include on the disk some pc readable files that would auto launch on a PC? I want to create a dvd disk that essentailly has 2 purposes: When a DVD is inserted into a standard DVD player it plays like a normal DVD film, i.e. you get the DVD menu and you can play the movie When you insert the dvd into a pc it auto launches an exe file and behaves like a normal data disk.

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• Can Windows 7 restore itself from image to a smaller HDD than original?

  - by Borek

  I've created a full system image using the built-in Win7 utility, it was from a 300GB drive but there is only about 50GB of data. I then swapped disks in my notebook, the new one being 80GB SSD and now when I boot to the system restore applet, go through all of the settings (finding the backed up image on a network share, confirming that I'm willing to repartition my disk etc.), I get this: The system image restore failed. No disk that can be used for recovering the system disk can be found. [Details] Is this because I'm trying to restore to a smaller disk? (Even though the data should fit without any problems, there being only 50GB of it.)

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• How to port VirtualBox machines with the recent snapshot?

  - by Liran Orevi

  I've ported a 'hard disk' using the 'clonehd' advice given on How to easily port VirtualBox machines? But it's not at the latest state, it's probably before any 'snapshot' was taken. I have only copied the 'hard disk', I haven't copied any 'snapshot' mainly because there are so many. I'm interested to transfer the 'hard disk' at it's latest state. How can this be done? (easily and not by coping the entire snapshots, machine etc...)

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• Does SQLIO lie when run from a Hyper-V guest on a VHD?

  - by ScottStonehouse

  SQLIO seems like a useful tool. I thought it would be interesting to try to measure the speed difference between a physical disk and a VHD. So I ran SQLIO on the Hyper-V host on the physical drive. Results seemed reasonable. Then I ran it from the guest to test the vhd (on the same physical disk). I expected it to be a bit slower. But instead it was way faster - like 0ms average latency. So I'm trying to learn something here. It seems like hyper-v is fooling SQLIO somehow but I don't understand it well enough to figure it out. It's a dynamic vhd, no snapshots or anything, and the vhd is the only file on the disk. The physical disk is actually a two SAS drive RAID 1.

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• Windows 7 Bootcamp to see data doubler SATA SSD in Optical Bay Connector

  - by bumble_bee_tuna

  Hi I purchased a OWC data doubler http://eshop.macsales.com/item/OWC/DDAMBS0GB/ ... Long story short it lets you add a second HD to your macbook pro in place of the cd/dvd drive (which is useless anyway, impossible to get stuff out when stuck). My current setup is 600gb intel SSD bootdrive 100gb partition for OSX / 500gb for Windows 7 Prof from Bootcamp (use 99 % of time). My desire is to have a second 300gb SSD to run disk intensive VM's off of. So I added a second 300gb intel SSD (again, NO desire to boot off of) on the sata optical port. I can see the drive no problem if I boot in to OSX, however, can't see it in disk management on Win7 ??? Any ideas similar experience ... Funny thing is I can see it in "Device Manager Disk Drivers" but not Disk Management ??? Also no I don't want to use Fusion/Parallels this is a waste of resources for me.

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• Various problems with software raid1 array built with Samsung 840 Pro SSDs

  - by Andy B

  I am bringing to ServerFault a problem that is tormenting me for 6+ months. I have a CentOS 6 (64bit) server with an md software raid-1 array with 2 x Samsung 840 Pro SSDs (512GB). Problems: Serious write speed problems: root [~]# time dd if=arch.tar.gz of=test4 bs=2M oflag=sync 146+1 records in 146+1 records out 307191761 bytes (307 MB) copied, 23.6788 s, 13.0 MB/s real 0m23.680s user 0m0.000s sys 0m0.932s When doing the above (or any other larger copy) the load spikes to unbelievable values (even over 100) going up from ~ 1. When doing the above I've also noticed very weird iostat results: Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rsec/s wsec/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util sda 0.00 1589.50 0.00 54.00 0.00 13148.00 243.48 0.60 11.17 0.46 2.50 sdb 0.00 1627.50 0.00 16.50 0.00 9524.00 577.21 144.25 1439.33 60.61 100.00 md1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 md2 0.00 0.00 0.00 1602.00 0.00 12816.00 8.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 md0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 And it keeps it this way until it actually writes the file to the device (out from swap/cache/memory). The problem is that the second SSD in the array has svctm and await roughly 100 times larger than the second. For some reason the wear is different between the 2 members of the array root [~]# smartctl --attributes /dev/sda | grep -i wear 177 Wear_Leveling_Count 0x0013 094% 094 000 Pre-fail Always - 180 root [~]# smartctl --attributes /dev/sdb | grep -i wear 177 Wear_Leveling_Count 0x0013 070% 070 000 Pre-fail Always - 1005 The first SSD has a wear of 6% while the second SSD has a wear of 30%!! It's like the second SSD in the array works at least 5 times as hard as the first one as proven by the first iteration of iostat (the averages since reboot): Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rsec/s wsec/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util sda 10.44 51.06 790.39 125.41 8803.98 1633.11 11.40 0.33 0.37 0.06 5.64 sdb 9.53 58.35 322.37 118.11 4835.59 1633.11 14.69 0.33 0.76 0.29 12.97 md1 0.00 0.00 1.88 1.33 15.07 10.68 8.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 md2 0.00 0.00 1109.02 173.12 10881.59 1620.39 9.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 md0 0.00 0.00 0.41 0.01 3.10 0.02 7.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 What I've tried: I've updated the firmware to DXM05B0Q (following reports of dramatic improvements for 840Ps after this update). I have looked for "hard resetting link" in dmesg to check for cable/backplane issues but nothing. I have checked the alignment and I believe they are aligned correctly (1MB boundary, listing below) I have checked /proc/mdstat and the array is Optimal (second listing below). root [~]# fdisk -ul /dev/sda Disk /dev/sda: 512.1 GB, 512110190592 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 62260 cylinders, total 1000215216 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00026d59 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 2048 4196351 2097152 fd Linux raid autodetect Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 * 4196352 4605951 204800 fd Linux raid autodetect Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda3 4605952 814106623 404750336 fd Linux raid autodetect root [~]# fdisk -ul /dev/sdb Disk /dev/sdb: 512.1 GB, 512110190592 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 62260 cylinders, total 1000215216 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0003dede Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 2048 4196351 2097152 fd Linux raid autodetect Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sdb2 * 4196352 4605951 204800 fd Linux raid autodetect Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sdb3 4605952 814106623 404750336 fd Linux raid autodetect /proc/mdstat root # cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [raid1] md0 : active raid1 sdb2[1] sda2[0] 204736 blocks super 1.0 [2/2] [UU] md2 : active raid1 sdb3[1] sda3[0] 404750144 blocks super 1.0 [2/2] [UU] md1 : active raid1 sdb1[1] sda1[0] 2096064 blocks super 1.1 [2/2] [UU] unused devices: Running a read test with hdparm root [~]# hdparm -t /dev/sda /dev/sda: Timing buffered disk reads: 664 MB in 3.00 seconds = 221.33 MB/sec root [~]# hdparm -t /dev/sdb /dev/sdb: Timing buffered disk reads: 288 MB in 3.01 seconds = 95.77 MB/sec But look what happens if I add --direct root [~]# hdparm --direct -t /dev/sda /dev/sda: Timing O_DIRECT disk reads: 788 MB in 3.01 seconds = 262.08 MB/sec root [~]# hdparm --direct -t /dev/sdb /dev/sdb: Timing O_DIRECT disk reads: 534 MB in 3.02 seconds = 176.90 MB/sec Both tests increase but /dev/sdb doubles while /dev/sda increases maybe 20%. I just don't know what to make of this. As suggested by Mr. Wagner I've done another read test with dd this time and it confirms the hdparm test: root [/home2]# dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/null bs=1G count=10 10+0 records in 10+0 records out 10737418240 bytes (11 GB) copied, 38.0855 s, 282 MB/s root [/home2]# dd if=/dev/sdb of=/dev/null bs=1G count=10 10+0 records in 10+0 records out 10737418240 bytes (11 GB) copied, 115.24 s, 93.2 MB/s So sda is 3 times faster than sdb. Or maybe sdb is doing also something else besides what sda does. Is there some way to find out if sdb is doing more than what sda does? UPDATE Again, as suggested by Mr. Wagner, I have swapped the 2 SSDs. And as he thought it would happen, the problem moved from sdb to sda. So I guess I'll RMA one of the SSDs. I wonder if the cage might be problematic. What is wrong with this array? Please help!

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• File copying software to do this kind of work... in Windows 7 32 bit

  - by Senthil

  I need a software (Windows 7 32bit) to help me in this process: I have my documents, music, video clips, movies, pictures in my hard disk. These will not be scattered around the system. But will be inside C:\Senthil\ At the end of every week, I want to plug in an external hard disk and run a software that should make sure whatever is inside C:\Senthil\ is also present in the external disk. Files deleted from C:\Senthil\ should be deleted there, and new files should be copied etc... at the end of the process, every bit inside the source folder in my internal disk should be inside my external disk. A couple of important requirements and points: I do NOT need multiple versions or historic versions. I don't need the previous versions of my files. I only want the latest copy to be present in my "backup". Incremental backup makes sense. If files were not touched since the last backup, it need not copy. The size of my folder will run into GBs and in a year or two will go into TBs. But I will make sure the size of the external HDD is equal to or bigger than my source folder. I do not want it to run automatically because when I accidentally delete a file in my source, it will delete the one in the backup (I know this is why we have versioning facilities). I just want to be able to run it manually so that I am in control of when the backup is made and what is backed up and I should be able to pick something from the backup and restore it to the source folder in the above situation. Is there any software that will let me do exactly this? I don't want any other "smart" facility of the software to interfere with this process. I know what I want and the software can keep its smartness to itself :D The main reason I am asking this question is, I am a software developer and I can write this software myself. But I am a little constrained by time at the moment and I want to know if there is an existing program that can do this. Kindly don't worry about earthquakes or fire or snowstorms and bring up the "in case of a natural disaster your backup will also be in the damage zone and will be lost" argument because: I will have bigger things to worry about than my holiday memories. I don't think I will digitally store any life-ruining documents. This backup is only to avoid the inconvenience of obtaining a new copy of stuff that I have. Not to protect them against the end of the world. I am more worried about power surges in my area frying my system, hard disk failure, children who merrily hit Delete or teens who hit Shift + Delete or myself getting a little careless at times! In short: Is there a file/folder syncing software that listens to what I say and doesn't try to act smart? Please forgive me if I sound arrogant :)

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• External hard drive is recognized but not mounted in OS X

  - by Sam Bryant

  My external HD got unplugged without ejecting and my Mac will no longer mount the drive, but it recognizes it's there. I already tried repairing the disk in Disk Utility, and erasing it in Disk Utility, and it still won't mount. I can't imagine the hardware is actually damaged otherwise it wouldn't even recognize it (Right?). Is there any other software solution I can try? Recovering my files is not a concern.

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• Any way to recover ext4 filesystems from a deleted LVM logical volume?

  - by Vegar Nilsen

  The other day I had a proper brain fart moment while expanding a disk on a Linux guest under Vmware. I stretched the Vmware disk file to the desired size and then I did what I usually do on Linux guests without LVM: I deleted the LVM partition and recreated it, starting in the same spot as the old one, but extended to the new size of the disk. (Which will be followed by fsck and resize2fs.) And then I realized that LVM doesn't behave the same way as ext2/3/4 on raw partitions... After restoring the Linux guest from the most recent backup (taken only five hours earlier, luckily) I'm now curious on how I could have recovered from the following scenario. It's after all virtually guaranteed that I'll be a dumb ass in the future as well. Virtual Linux guest with one disk, partitioned into one /boot (primary) partition (/dev/sda1) of 256MB, and the rest in a logical, extended partition (/dev/sda5). /dev/sda5 is then setup as a physical volume with pvcreate, and one volume group (vgroup00) created on top of it with the usual vgcreate command. vgroup00 is then split into two logical volumes root and swap, which are used for / and swap, logically. / is an ext4 file system. Since I had backups of the broken guest I was able to recreate the volume group with vgcfgrestore from the backup LVM setup found under /etc/lvm/backup, with the same UUID for the physical volume and all that. After running this I had two logical volumes with the same size as earlier, with 4GB free space where I had stretched the disk. However, when I tried to run "fsck /dev/mapper/vgroup00-root" it complained about a broken superblock. I tried to locate backup superblocks by running "mke2fs -n /dev/mapper/vgroup00-root" but none of those worked either. Then I tried to run TestDisk but when I asked it to find superblocks it only gave an error about not being able to open the file system due to a broken file system. So, with the default allocation policy for LVM2 in Ubuntu Server 10.04 64-bit, is it possible that the logical volumes are allocated from the end of the volume group? That would definitely explain why the restored logical volumes didn't contain the expected data. Could I have recovered by recreating /dev/sda5 with exactly the same size and disk position as earlier? Are there any other tools I could have used to find and recover the file system? (And clearly, the question is not whether or not I should have done this in a different way from the start, I know that. This is a question about what to do when shit has already hit the fan.)

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• Corrupted NTFS Drive showing multiple unallocated partitions

  - by volting

  My external hdd with a single NTFS partition was accidentaly plugged out (kids!)... and is now corrupted. Iv tried running ntfsfix - with no luck - output below.. When I look at the disk under disk management in Windows 7 it shows up as having 5 partitions 2 of which are unallocated - none have drive letters and it is not possible to set any (that option and most others are greyed out) - so I can't run chkdsk /f Iv tried using Minitool partition wizard which was mentioned as a solution to another similar question here. It showed the whole drive as one partition, but as unallocated, and the option -- "Check File System" was greyout. Is there anything else I could try ? Output of fdisk -l Disk /dev/sdb: 1500.3 GB, 1500299395072 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 182401 cylinders, total 2930272256 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytest I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x69205244 This doesn't look like a partition table Probably you selected the wrong device. Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 ? 218129509 1920119918 850995205 72 Unknown /dev/sdb2 ? 729050177 1273024900 271987362 74 Unknown /dev/sdb3 ? 168653938 168653938 0 65 Novell Netware 386 /dev/sdb4 2692939776 2692991410 25817+ 0 Empty Partition table entries are not in disk order Output of ntfsfix me@vaio:/dev$ sudo ntfsfix /dev/sdb Mounting volume... ntfs_mst_post_read_fixup_warn: magic: 0xffffffff size: 1024 usa_ofs: 65535 usa_count: 65534: Invalid argument Record 0 has no FILE magic (0xffffffff) Failed to load $MFT: Input/output error FAILED Attempting to correct errors... ntfs_mst_post_read_fixup_warn: magic: 0xffffffff size: 1024 usa_ofs: 65535 usa_count: 65534: Invalid argument Record 0 has no FILE magic (0xffffffff) Failed to load $MFT: Input/output error FAILED Failed to startup volume: Input/output error Checking for self-located MFT segment... ntfs_mst_post_read_fixup_warn: magic: 0xffffffff size: 1024 usa_ofs: 65535 usa_count: 65534: Invalid argument OK ntfs_mst_post_read_fixup_warn: magic: 0xffffffff size: 1024 usa_ofs: 65535 usa_count: 65534: Invalid argument Record 0 has no FILE magic (0xffffffff) Failed to load $MFT: Input/output error Volume is corrupt. You should run chkdsk. Options available with MiniTool: Related questions: How to fix a damaged/corrupted NTFS filesystem/partition without losing the data on it? Repair corrupted NTFS File System

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• Dell Vostro Desktop error

  - by goldenmean

  Faced a strange situation at work today. We have people sitting at a table on opposite sides, with power cables underneath the table. This morning when the person sitting opposite to me banged his feet on ground, it disturbed the power cable to my PC and it turned-off. So when I turned it on, it says, "No boot device found" Press F1 to setup or F5 to perform test... There was no physical impact/crash/fall of the desktop cabinet, which could have crashed/damaged the hard disk physically. EDIT: The OS is Windows 7 So I tried to recognize it in the Bios setup, but even there it could not find the SATA disk that is connected to this machine. So then I opened the cabinet, removed the power supply and plugged it back again. Tried to reboot, same error, "Boot device not found" It is not recognizing the hard disk. Any ideas about what might be wrong? Hard-disk crash, OS Crash(But it doesn't even go to the point of loading the disk after the initial Bios execution, so doubt this...) Any pointers about how I should proceed to troubleshoot/solve this error are welcome.

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• Synchronize the same set of files to 2 different locations with 2 different programs for 2 different purposes

  - by Hedgetrimmer

  Because of stupid questionable IT policies at my not-to-be-named place of occupation, I have been (and will be, for the forseeable future) carrying on an external hard drive a unison-synchronized copy of all of my documents and code, including code which resides in some of my "dotfiles" and other code which resides in ~/bin (things I've made are there because ~/bin is in my $PATH) along with some cruft generated (and to be generated) by conscript and its related "giter8" templating system for Scala project boilerplates. Despite this, I do use a symlinking program to store all of my important dotfiles in a subdirectory. Thanks to that somewhat complicated setup, I have resorted to making a directory full of symlinks to every directory (or file, as is the case with stuff under ~/bin) that I want synchronized, and then follow = True is in my unison profile. It happens to be that this collection of odds and ends—plus an automatically-generated text file containing every package installed on my system—is everything under ~ that needs to be backed up to a remote (rsync-over-ssh) host with client-side encryption and signing from GPG. I already believe that duplicity is the most appropriate program to do that. What isn't as clear-cut is how to make duplicity use the exact same set of files when it runs a backup; it would be simple if duplicity would follow symlinks, but it does not and the manpage lists no option for enabling any such behavior. Comparing unison's file selection algorithm to duplicity's, I don't think I can write a program that could compute a ruleset for one program given one for the other. For the record, I would rather not keep the symlinks manually synchronized with duplicity file-selection rules, as they can change thanks to the above-mentioned complications regarding ~/bin. I don't think running duplicity on the external hard disk is such a good idea either; I usually keep that hard disk unmounted and unplugged in case of a power failure or other physical problem with the computer, plus I'm not sure about duplicity's performance given that: the hard disk is NTFS-formatted in order to be useable at my Windows-imprisoned place of occupation. despite being a USB 3.0 disk, my computer has no USB 3.0 ports so it acts as a USB 2.0 disk. How can I have duplicity (or is there a better program that I have overlooked?) back up the exact same set of files that is bidirectionally synchronized with my external hard disk?

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• Dell Vostro Desktop error.

  - by goldenmean

  Faced a strange situation at work today. We have people sitting at a table on opposite sides, with power cables underneath the table. This morning when the person sitting opposite to me banged his feet on ground, it disturbed the power cable to my PC and it turned-off. So when I turned it on, it says, "No boot device found" Press F1 to setup or F5 to perform test... There was no physical impact/crash/fall of the desktop cabinet, which could have crashed/damaged the hard disk physically. EDIT: The OS is Windows 7 So I tried to recognize it in the Bios setup, but even there it could not find the SATA disk that is connected to this machine. So then I opened the cabinet, removed the power supply and plugged it back again. Tried to reboot, same error, "Boot device not found" It is not recognizing the hard disk. Any ideas about what might be wrong? Hard-disk crash, OS Crash(But it doesn't even go to the point of loading the disk after the initial Bios execution, so doubt this...) Any pointers about how I should proceed to troubleshoot/solve this error are welcome.

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• Recover data from quick formatted DVD-R

  - by Andrii Kalytiiuk

  I need to recover data from quick-formatted DVD-R. Please advise a free of charge option (cheap commercial tools will be ok either). Disk was partially recorded with Windows built in disk recorder and recording most likely was not complete. Afterwards I have inserted partially recorded DVD again and on Windows recorder's message box 'How to use this disk?' selected - 'use for CD/DVD player' and data was completely lost - as new recording session was started. Files of photos were recorded on disk. What I have tried so far: DiskInternals CD-DVD recovery - sees 5 jpg files but can't show preview. Tool is commercial - trial version does not allow to recover files. CDCheck - doesn't see any files and reports errors at attempt to scand DVD CD Recovery Toolbox Free - does not even recognize DVD drive ISO Buster - recognizes two files - one MP3 file for 99% of recorded size and one ARC file for about 100 KB MiniTool Power Data Recovery - Free Edition - does not see any files on DVD Stellar Phoenix CD DVD Data Recovery - does not see any files BinaryBiz Virtual Lab - sees DVD disk but needs license to browse content Please advise how is it possible to recover files from DVD.

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• windows 2008r2 SNMP hrStorageSize reporting wrong values

  - by Giannis Nohj

  I'm trying to monitor disks on windows 2008 R2 system, but I'm getting wrong values returned from hrStorageSize and hrStorageUsed for one of the 2 disks the system has. Local disk C: is returning correct values, whereas D: disk, which is an SAN disk, is reporting 32G instead of 500G. Output of snmpwalk -v 2c -c public hostname-01 .1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2 : HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrStorageDescr.1 = STRING: C:\ Label: Serial Number 7ff87ca6 HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrStorageDescr.2 = STRING: D:\ Label:Data Serial Number dab5b0b9 ... HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrStorageAllocationUnits.1 = INTEGER: 4096 Bytes HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrStorageAllocationUnits.2 = INTEGER: 4096 Bytes ... HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrStorageSize.1 = INTEGER: 35834383 HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrStorageSize.2 = INTEGER: 7864320 ... HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrStorageUsed.1 = INTEGER: 32460169 HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrStorageUsed.2 = INTEGER: 3192302 I have calculated the first disk (C:) size as 136G, which is correct. On the other hand, D: is calculated as 30G, where it should be 500G. I also tried fsutil on the system and the output was correct. Anyone have any ideas?

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• Removing a device in "removed" state from Linux software RAID array

  - by Sahasranaman MS

  My workstation has two disks(/dev/sd[ab]), both with similar partitioning. /dev/sdb failed, and cat /proc/mdstat stopped showing the second sdb partition. I ran mdadm --fail and mdadm --remove for all partitions from the failed disk on the arrays that use them, although all such commands failed with mdadm: set device faulty failed for /dev/sdb2: No such device mdadm: hot remove failed for /dev/sdb2: No such device or address Then I hot swapped the failed disk, partitioned the new disk and added the partitions to the respective arrays. All arrays got rebuilt properly except one, because in /dev/md2, the failed disk doesn't seem to have been removed from the array properly. Because of this, the new partition keeps getting added as a spare to the partition, and its status remains degraded. Here's what mdadm --detail /dev/md2 shows: [root@ldmohanr ~]# mdadm --detail /dev/md2 /dev/md2: Version : 1.1 Creation Time : Tue Dec 27 22:55:14 2011 Raid Level : raid1 Array Size : 52427708 (50.00 GiB 53.69 GB) Used Dev Size : 52427708 (50.00 GiB 53.69 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 2 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Intent Bitmap : Internal Update Time : Fri Nov 23 14:59:56 2012 State : active, degraded Active Devices : 1 Working Devices : 2 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 1 Name : ldmohanr.net:2 (local to host ldmohanr.net) UUID : 4483f95d:e485207a:b43c9af2:c37c6df1 Events : 5912611 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 2 0 active sync /dev/sda2 1 0 0 1 removed 2 8 18 - spare /dev/sdb2 To remove a disk, mdadm needs a device filename, which was /dev/sdb2 originally, but that no longer refers to device number 1. I need help with removing device number 1 with 'removed' status and making /dev/sdb2 active.

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• Why database partitioning didn't work? Extract from thedailywtf.com

  - by questzen

  Original link. http://thedailywtf.com/Articles/The-Certified-DBA.aspx. Article summary: The DBA suggests an approach involving rigorous partitioning, 10 partitions per disk (3 actual disks and 3 raid). The stats show that the performance is non-optimal. Then the DBA suggests an alternative of 1 partition per disk (with more added disks). This also fails. The sys-admin then sets up a single disk, single partition and saves the day. The size of disks was not mentioned but given today,s typical disk sizes (of the order of 100 GB), the partitions ; would be huge, it surprises me that a single disk with all partitions outperformed. Initially I suspect that the data was segregated and hence faster reads. But how come the performance didn't degrade as time went by with all the inserts and updates happening? Saw this on reddit, but the explanation was by far spindle/platter centered. There was no mention in the article about this. Is there any other reason? I can only guess that the tables were using a incorrect hash distribution causing non-uniform allocation across disks (wrong partitioning); this would increase fetch times. Any thoughts?

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• Resize a RAID 1 volume on OSX Snow Leopard - how? (Note: software raid)

  - by Emmel

  I've scoured the Internet in search of an answer to this question, and as usual with OSX-related topics, I often don't find any deep-dive technical explanations sufficient enough to feel confident doing dangerous things. Here is my question: I have a Mac Pro, running OSX 10.6.2. I have, as my main root/boot disk, a RAID 1 volume called "Mirror1". Mirror1 is comprised of two 1 TB disks. Mirror1, however, is fixed at 640 GB. That's because, I originally took a 640GB disk, bought a terabyte disk, mirrored it (using diskutil appleraid enable...), when it synced I removed the 640GB and replaced it with a second 1 TB disk, and synced again. Voila! A single 640 GB replaced by two 1 TB disks in a mirror.. Actually, no. There's still something missing from the equation: Mirror1 needs to be expanded from 640GB to 1 TB to match the partition sizes on each of those disks. How do I do this? Perhaps the diskutil output will help: -> diskutil list /dev/disk0 #: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER 0: GUID_partition_scheme *1.0 TB disk0 1: EFI 209.7 MB disk0s1 2: Apple_RAID 999.9 GB disk0s2 3: Apple_Boot Boot OSX 134.2 MB disk0s3 /dev/disk1 #: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER 0: GUID_partition_scheme *1.0 TB disk1 1: EFI 209.7 MB disk1s1 2: Apple_RAID 999.9 GB disk1s2 3: Apple_Boot Boot OSX 134.2 MB disk1s3 /dev/disk2 #: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER 0: GUID_partition_scheme *640.1 GB disk2 1: EFI 209.7 MB disk2s1 2: Apple_HFS Mac Disk 2 536.7 GB disk2s2 3: Microsoft Basic Data BOOTCAMP 103.1 GB disk2s3 /dev/disk3 #: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER 0: Apple_HFS Mirror1 *639.8 GB disk3 -> diskutil appleraid list AppleRAID sets (1 found) =============================================================================== Name: Macintosh HD Unique ID: 1953F864-B474-4EB6-8E69-41834EBD0247 Type: Mirror Status: Online Size: 639.8 GB (639791038464 Bytes) Rebuild: manual Device Node: disk3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Device Node UUID Status ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 disk1s2 25109BAE-5697-40EA-B612-0217851444F7 Online 1 disk0s2 11B83AB0-8148-4DB6-8761-DEF08C855F8D Online =============================================================================== Thanks in advance.

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• Partition is missing in /dev

  - by haimg

  I'm having a strange problem since I moved from Centos5 to Centos6. I have three disks, first two are used as a RAID1, and third one is a stand-alone backup disk that is not listed in /etc/fstab (it is mounded when needed and then unmounted). My problem: After a boot, /dev/sdc exists but /dev/sdc1 does not. Also, the links in /dev/disks are also absent for the first partition of sdc. Disk itself is fine, and if I hot-remove it and plug it back in, /dev/sdc1 appears ok and everything is working. My question: What subsystem manages auto-discovery of disks, partitions, etc. during the boot process (e.g. what creates /dev/disks/by-label)? How do I configure it to scan /dev/sdc too and create all relevant files and links in /dev ? Edit: Here's the relevant part of dmesg output (the only place sdc appears). It does list sdc1, but it's not in /dev! sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] 1953525168 512-byte logical blocks: (1.00 TB/931 GiB) sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] 976773168 512-byte logical blocks: (500 GB/465 GiB) sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] Write Protect is off sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00 sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] Write Protect is off sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00 sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA sdb: sdc: sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] 1953525168 512-byte logical blocks: (1.00 TB/931 GiB) sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write Protect is off sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00 sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA sda: DMAR:[DMA Read] Request device [00:1e.0] fault addr 361bc000 DMAR:[fault reason 06] PTE Read access is not set sdb1 sdb2 sdb3 sdc1 sda1 sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] Attached SCSI disk sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI disk sda2 sda3 sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Attached SCSI disk

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• DRBD as a block device for XEN VM (Centos 5.3)

  - by SaberTooth

  Hi all, I have setup a drbd resource between 2 server nodes - everything works correctly when doing sync tests between the two. (I want to create a HA cluster using drbd,xen and heartbeat) However, when I try and create a XEN VM with Centos as guest operating system, I get through to the partitioning screen on the install but when I select a partitioning type the next screen gives me the following error : "An error has occurred - no valid devices were found on which to create new file systems. Please check your hardware for the cause of this problem." This is the first time attempting create a setup like this and searching Google does not help much... my config files for DRBD and XEN.... DRBD (just the section that is pertinent) on xennode0 { device /dev/drbd0; disk /dev/sda5; address X.X.X.X:7788; flexible-meta-disk internal; } on xennode1 { device /dev/drbd0; disk /dev/sda5; address X.X.X.X:7788; meta-disk internal; } XEN kernel = "/boot/xeninstall/vmlinuz" ramdisk = "/boot/xeninstall/initrd.img" extra = "text" name = "VM" maxmem = 3000 memory = 3000 vcpus = 4 on_poweroff = "destroy" on_reboot = "restart" on_crash = "restart" vfb = [ ] disk = [ "phy:/dev/drbd0,sda1,w", "tap:aio:/srv/xen/xenswap.img,sda2,w" ] vif = [ "mac=00:16:3e:11:67:ae,bridge=xenbr0" ] root = "/dev/sda1 ro" Thanks in advance!

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• Raid5 is off on my Lefthand P4500

  - by Soeren

  I have 1 cluster with serveral p4500. There is HW Raid5 and the Raid5 is split on: first 6 is one raid 5, and the other 6 is one raid 5. There were two disk that came up with a fault. I replaced both disk in same Raid5. Now the storagesystem says that Volumes is unaccessable and the Raid5 of the P4500 is down. How can I get the lefthand up and working again? Ive tried to put the old disk in the P4500 again, but this does not help. I also tryed to restart the disk shelf as well. Do you have any idea? Or something to get it to work again?

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