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• How do I target a div without a class or id but with all these specific style-attributes

  - by Ben

  I'm restyling a certain page where I don't have access to all the source-HTML. So I'm left over with some hard to target elements within a page I need removed. For example the page is swamped with <div style="float: left; width: 10.25px; height: 284px;"></div>. To get rid of them I tried this in CSS: div[style="float: left; width: 10.25px; height: 284px;"] { display:none !important; } I'd like to fix this using CSS, because the the HTML that needs to be removed is updated using ajax. How do I target a div without a class or id but with all these specific style-attributes? Some more of the source-code (took a while to organize the parsed source): <div> <span class="Block BigPhotoList_Block"> <span class="Photo BigPhotoList_Photo" style="height: 200px"> <a href="/Webwinkel-Product-83760187/Le-Coq-Sportif-Angers-Low.html.html"> <span style="background-image:url(http://61955.static.securearea.eu/Files/2/61000/61955/ProductPhotos/MaxContent/144036303.jpg);" class="Canvas BigPhotoList_Canvas" title="Le-Coq-Sportif-Angers-Low"></span> </a> </span> <span class="Title BigPhotoList_Title"> <a href="/Webwinkel-Product-83760187/Le-Coq-Sportif-Angers-Low.html.html"> Le Coq Sportif Angers Low </a> </span> <span class="Price BigPhotoList_Price" style="font-size: 120%;"> € 89,95 </span> </span> <div style="float: left; width: 10.25px; height: 284px; border-right: 1px dashed #A0A0A0;" class="BigPhotoList_Stippel"></div> <div style="float: left; width: 10.25px; height: 284px;"></div> <span class="Block BigPhotoList_Block"> <span class="Photo BigPhotoList_Photo" style="height: 200px"> <a href="/Webwinkel-Product-83760185/Le-Coq-Sportif-Auveurne-Low.html"> <span style="background-image:url(http://61955.static.securearea.eu/Files/2/61000/61955/ProductPhotos/MaxContent/144036301.jpg);" class="Canvas BigPhotoList_Canvas" title="Le-Coq-Sportif-Auveurne-Low"></span> </a> </span> <span class="Title BigPhotoList_Title"> <a href="/Webwinkel-Product-83760185/Le-Coq-Sportif-Auveurne-Low.html"> Le Coq Sportif Auveurne Low </a> </span> <span class="Price BigPhotoList_Price" style="font-size: 120%;"> € 79,95 </span> </span> <div style="float: left; width: 10.25px; height: 284px; border-right: 1px dashed #A0A0A0;" class="BigPhotoList_Stippel"></div> <div style="float: left; width: 10.25px; height: 284px;"></div> <span class="Block BigPhotoList_Block"> <span class="Photo BigPhotoList_Photo" style="height: 200px"> <a href="/Webwinkel-Product-83760191/Le-Coq-Sportif-Bordeaux-Low.html"> <span style="background-image:url(http://61955.static.securearea.eu/Files/2/61000/61955/ProductPhotos/MaxContent/144036307.jpg);" class="Canvas BigPhotoList_Canvas" title="Le-Coq-Sportif-Bordeaux-Low"></span> </a> </span> <span class="Title BigPhotoList_Title"> <a href="/Webwinkel-Product-83760191/Le-Coq-Sportif-Bordeaux-Low.html"> Le Coq Sportif Bordeaux Low </a> </span> <span class="Price BigPhotoList_Price" style="font-size: 120%;"> € 99,95 </span> </span> <span class="Block BigPhotoList_Block"> <span class="Photo BigPhotoList_Photo" style="height: 200px"> <a href="/Webwinkel-Product-83760181/Le-Coq-Sportif-Cannet-Low.html"> <span style="background-image:url(http://61955.static.securearea.eu/Files/2/61000/61955/ProductPhotos/MaxContent/144036297.jpg);" class="Canvas BigPhotoList_Canvas" title="Le-Coq-Sportif-Cannet-Low"></span> </a> </span> <span class="Title BigPhotoList_Title"> <a href="/Webwinkel-Product-83760181/Le-Coq-Sportif-Cannet-Low.html"> Le Coq Sportif Cannet Low </a> </span> <span class="Discount BigPhotoList_Discount" style="font-size: 120%;"> € 99,95 </span> <span class="Price BigPhotoList_Price" style="font-size: 120%;"> € 94,95 </span> </span> <div style="float: left; width: 10.25px; height: 284px; border-right: 1px dashed #A0A0A0;" class="BigPhotoList_Stippel"></div> <div style="float: left; width: 10.25px; height: 284px;"></div> <span class="Block BigPhotoList_Block"> <span class="Photo BigPhotoList_Photo" style="height: 200px"> <a href="/Webwinkel-Product-83760183/Le-Coq-Sportif-Rodez-Low.html"> <span style="background-image:url(http://61955.static.securearea.eu/Files/2/61000/61955/ProductPhotos/MaxContent/144036299.jpg);" class="Canvas BigPhotoList_Canvas" title="Le-Coq-Sportif-Rodez-Low"></span> </a> </span> <span class="Title BigPhotoList_Title"> <a href="/Webwinkel-Product-83760183/Le-Coq-Sportif-Rodez-Low.html"> Le Coq Sportif Rodez Low </a> </span> <span class="Price BigPhotoList_Price" style="font-size: 120%;"> € 99,95 </span> </span> <div style="float: left; width: 10.25px; height: 284px; border-right: 1px dashed #A0A0A0;" class="BigPhotoList_Stippel"></div> <div style="float: left; width: 10.25px; height: 284px;"></div> <span class="Block BigPhotoList_Block"> <span class="Photo BigPhotoList_Photo" style="height: 200px"> <a href="/Webwinkel-Product-83760189/Le-Coq-Sportif-Sedan-Low.html"> <span style="background-image:url(http://61955.static.securearea.eu/Files/2/61000/61955/ProductPhotos/MaxContent/144036305.jpg);" class="Canvas BigPhotoList_Canvas" title="Le-Coq-Sportif-Sedan-Low"></span> </a> </span> <span class="Title BigPhotoList_Title"> <a href="/Webwinkel-Product-83760189/Le-Coq-Sportif-Sedan-Low.html"> Le Coq Sportif Sedan Low </a> </span> <span class="Discount BigPhotoList_Discount" style="font-size: 120%;"> € 109,95 </span> <span class="Price BigPhotoList_Price" style="font-size: 120%;"> € 99,95 </span> </span> </div>

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• How to abort robocopy on first error

  - by Yurik

  When using robocopy windows utility, what flags do I set so that robocopy aborts on the very first error it sees, similar to xcopy /dry command? I need to mirror two dirs, and on occasion some files would be locked. I do not want robocopy to continue trying to copy files, or override the files that are not locked - rather the very first error should stop the whole copy process. UPDATE: I already have the /R set to 0 - unfortunately that it only applies to a single file, NOT to the whole copying process. Hence, the first file is ignored (instead of stopping the copying), but subsequent files are copied.

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• Website pages very slow to load on first access

  - by Merianos Nikos

  I have a production web server that makes sites to be very slow when load for first time. After the first time all connections are normal and fast. In the following screen you can see the first test I have run for a random site in my server: and here you can see the result of the second time request: As you can see there is a big change in the second load of the same page. Here is the page load time graph: My problem is that I don't really know anything about Red Had Linux server, and also I don't know where can I start. Can somebody to help me ? I like to find out the solution for the long time "wait" in connection. I know that my question is very minimal, but you can always ask me to give you information about the server.

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• Redirect users to internal webpage on first visit

  - by Sihan Zheng

  I have a lan of maybe 20 - 30 computers, and a Windows server 2003 server on hand (I can also run any x86 Linux distro). What I am trying to do, is to redirect users to a webserver inside the LAN the first time they visit certain domains. For example, the first time a user visits "google.com", they will be redirected to 192.168.1.2 (a webserver, where they will be shown a custom webpage), attempts after that will go to google. Pretty much what I am trying to do, is to provide a captive server like service, showing people a custom webpage the first time they try to access certain websites (but not others). I'm pretty flexable on how this can be done, as long as it works. Can you guys give me an idea on how to approach this problem? I am looking for (hopefully) a free solutions. Thanks

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• Error when make "make install" PHP WebDav

  - by kron

  Hi, I'm having issues install PHP WebDAV onto Fedora8 - after downloading and running make install I get the following errors: [root@ip-18-192-114-35 dav]# make install /bin/sh /tmp/dav/libtool --mode=compile gcc -I. -I/tmp/dav -DPHP_ATOM_INC -I/tmp/dav/include -I/tmp/dav/main -I/tmp/dav -I/usr/include/php -I/usr/include/php/main -I/usr/include/php/TSRM -I/usr/include/php/Zend -I/usr/include/php/ext -I/usr/include/php/ext/date/lib -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -g -O2 -c /tmp/dav/dav.c -o dav.lo gcc -I. -I/tmp/dav -DPHP_ATOM_INC -I/tmp/dav/include -I/tmp/dav/main -I/tmp/dav -I/usr/include/php -I/usr/include/php/main -I/usr/include/php/TSRM -I/usr/include/php/Zend -I/usr/include/php/ext -I/usr/include/php/ext/date/lib -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -g -O2 -c /tmp/dav/dav.c -fPIC -DPIC -o .libs/dav.o /tmp/dav/dav.c:21:23: error: ne_socket.h: No such file or directory /tmp/dav/dav.c:22:24: error: ne_session.h: No such file or directory /tmp/dav/dav.c:23:22: error: ne_utils.h: No such file or directory /tmp/dav/dav.c:24:21: error: ne_auth.h: No such file or directory /tmp/dav/dav.c:25:22: error: ne_basic.h: No such file or directory /tmp/dav/dav.c:26:20: error: ne_207.h: No such file or directory /tmp/dav/dav.c:35: error: expected specifier-qualifier-list before 'ne_session' /tmp/dav/dav.c: In function 'dav_destructor_dav_session': /tmp/dav/dav.c:152: error: 'DavSession' has no member named 'sess' /tmp/dav/dav.c:153: error: 'DavSession' has no member named 'sess' /tmp/dav/dav.c:155: error: 'DavSession' has no member named 'base_uri_path' /tmp/dav/dav.c:156: error: 'DavSession' has no member named 'user_name' /tmp/dav/dav.c:157: error: 'DavSession' has no member named 'user_password' /tmp/dav/dav.c:158: error: 'DavSession' has no member named 'sess' /tmp/dav/dav.c: In function 'cb_dav_auth': /tmp/dav/dav.c:194: error: 'DavSession' has no member named 'user_name' /tmp/dav/dav.c:194: error: 'NE_ABUFSIZ' undeclared (first use in this function) /tmp/dav/dav.c:194: error: (Each undeclared identifier is reported only once /tmp/dav/dav.c:194: error: for each function it appears in.) /tmp/dav/dav.c:195: error: 'DavSession' has no member named 'user_password' /tmp/dav/dav.c: In function 'zif_webdav_connect': /tmp/dav/dav.c:212: error: 'ne_session' undeclared (first use in this function) /tmp/dav/dav.c:212: error: 'sess' undeclared (first use in this function) /tmp/dav/dav.c:213: error: 'ne_uri' undeclared (first use in this function) /tmp/dav/dav.c:213: error: expected ';' before 'uri' /tmp/dav/dav.c:215: error: 'uri' undeclared (first use in this function) /tmp/dav/dav.c:259: error: 'DavSession' has no member named 'base_uri_path' /tmp/dav/dav.c:260: error: 'DavSession' has no member named 'base_uri_path_len' /tmp/dav/dav.c:262: error: 'DavSession' has no member named 'user_name' /tmp/dav/dav.c:264: error: 'DavSession' has no member named 'user_name' /tmp/dav/dav.c:267: error: 'DavSession' has no member named 'user_password' /tmp/dav/dav.c:269: error: 'DavSession' has no member named 'user_password' /tmp/dav/dav.c:271: error: 'DavSession' has no member named 'sess' /tmp/dav/dav.c: In function 'get_full_uri': /tmp/dav/dav.c:304: error: 'DavSession' has no member named 'base_uri_path_len' /tmp/dav/dav.c:307: error: 'DavSession' has no member named 'base_uri_path_len' /tmp/dav/dav.c:313: error: 'DavSession' has no member named 'base_uri_path' /tmp/dav/dav.c:313: error: 'DavSession' has no member named 'base_uri_path_len' /tmp/dav/dav.c:314: error: 'DavSession' has no member named 'base_uri_path_len' /tmp/dav/dav.c: In function 'zif_webdav_get': /tmp/dav/dav.c:329: error: 'ne_session' undeclared (first use in this function) /tmp/dav/dav.c:329: error: 'sess' undeclared (first use in this function) /tmp/dav/dav.c:330: error: 'ne_request' undeclared (first use in this function) /tmp/dav/dav.c:330: error: 'req' undeclared (first use in this function) /tmp/dav/dav.c:348: error: 'DavSession' has no member named 'sess' /tmp/dav/dav.c:354: error: 'ne_accept_2xx' undeclared (first use in this function) /tmp/dav/dav.c:359: error: 'NE_OK' undeclared (first use in this function) /tmp/dav/dav.c:359: error: invalid type argument of '->' /tmp/dav/dav.c: In function 'zif_webdav_put': /tmp/dav/dav.c:377: error: 'ne_session' undeclared (first use in this function) /tmp/dav/dav.c:377: error: 'sess' undeclared (first use in this function) /tmp/dav/dav.c:378: error: 'ne_request' undeclared (first use in this function) /tmp/dav/dav.c:378: error: 'req' undeclared (first use in this function) /tmp/dav/dav.c:396: error: 'DavSession' has no member named 'sess' /tmp/dav/dav.c:405: error: 'NE_OK' undeclared (first use in this function) /tmp/dav/dav.c:405: error: invalid type argument of '->' /tmp/dav/dav.c: In function 'zif_webdav_delete': /tmp/dav/dav.c:422: error: 'ne_session' undeclared (first use in this function) /tmp/dav/dav.c:422: error: 'sess' undeclared (first use in this function) /tmp/dav/dav.c:423: error: 'ne_request' undeclared (first use in this function) /tmp/dav/dav.c:423: error: 'req' undeclared (first use in this function) /tmp/dav/dav.c:441: error: 'DavSession' has no member named 'sess' /tmp/dav/dav.c:448: error: 'NE_OK' undeclared (first use in this function) /tmp/dav/dav.c:448: error: invalid type argument of '->' /tmp/dav/dav.c: In function 'zif_webdav_mkcol': /tmp/dav/dav.c:465: error: 'ne_session' undeclared (first use in this function) /tmp/dav/dav.c:465: error: 'sess' undeclared (first use in this function) /tmp/dav/dav.c:466: error: 'ne_request' undeclared (first use in this function) /tmp/dav/dav.c:466: error: 'req' undeclared (first use in this function) /tmp/dav/dav.c:484: error: 'DavSession' has no member named 'sess' /tmp/dav/dav.c:491: error: 'NE_OK' undeclared (first use in this function) /tmp/dav/dav.c:491: error: invalid type argument of '->' /tmp/dav/dav.c: In function 'zif_webdav_copy': /tmp/dav/dav.c:510: error: 'ne_session' undeclared (first use in this function) /tmp/dav/dav.c:510: error: 'sess' undeclared (first use in this function) /tmp/dav/dav.c:511: error: 'ne_request' undeclared (first use in this function) /tmp/dav/dav.c:511: error: 'req' undeclared (first use in this function) /tmp/dav/dav.c:539: error: 'DavSession' has no member named 'sess' /tmp/dav/dav.c:550: error: 'NE_DEPTH_INFINITE' undeclared (first use in this function) /tmp/dav/dav.c:550: error: 'NE_DEPTH_ZERO' undeclared (first use in this function) /tmp/dav/dav.c:554: error: 'NE_OK' undeclared (first use in this function) /tmp/dav/dav.c:554: error: invalid type argument of '->' /tmp/dav/dav.c: In function 'zif_webdav_move': /tmp/dav/dav.c:573: error: 'ne_session' undeclared (first use in this function) /tmp/dav/dav.c:573: error: 'sess' undeclared (first use in this function) /tmp/dav/dav.c:574: error: 'ne_request' undeclared (first use in this function) /tmp/dav/dav.c:574: error: 'req' undeclared (first use in this function) /tmp/dav/dav.c:598: error: 'DavSession' has no member named 'sess' /tmp/dav/dav.c:611: error: 'NE_OK' undeclared (first use in this function) /tmp/dav/dav.c:611: error: invalid type argument of '->' make: *** [dav.lo] Error 1 Any help would be much appreciated. Thanks!

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• Two Routers - 1 Port Straight to First Router

  - by apples

  At my house we have two Wifi routers one's connected directly to the modem and the other is plugged in down stairs as a second network(Directly connected to the first router) Is there a way that I could make it so that I have the second router have its own network, but have one or two ports that would act as if they were directly connected to the first router? That way I can port forward to devices on the second router. Here are the information about the routers: Router 1 - Linksys WRT54G Running stock firmware Router 2 - Linksys E900 Running Tomato Firmware So to summarize what I'm asking is how would I have two networks from two routers but be able to connect directly to the first router through one of the ports on the second router. Here's a Visio Drawing of what I would like to look like

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• Ubuntu server: Delete first folder in directory

  - by Martin

  How can I grab the first subfolder in a directory and delete it? I found a script to monitor the free diskspace. It sends an alert email if space runs low, but I want to also delete some unneeded stuff. I have a backup folder where I save daily and monthly backups. I want to delete the first folder since this always the oldest, but I don't know the name of the oldest backup. My folders without Jan-May and Dec: 06-01 07-01 08-01 09-01 10-01 11-01 Friday Monday Saturday Sunday Thursday Tuesday Wednesday How can I delete the first folder "06-01" without knowing its name?

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• redirect to rootdomain after the first slash in url

  - by user142397

  I want to redirect this: http://www.site.com/xyz To http://www.site.com/ Basically i want to redirect to the root domain if a user types anything else after the first slash of my domain name like /xyz or anything else should be redirected or rewritten as the root URL in the browser. Can anybody help? Thanks for your help! (* This should be only for the first time like when a new user comes to visit my page, because once the page loads for the first time i do not want any re directions as i have different directories, and related webpages. Otherwise my visitor will only see landing page. )

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• How to get rid of grub menu after boot?

  - by umpirsky

  Here is my /etc/default/grub: # If you change this file, run 'update-grub' afterwards to update # /boot/grub/grub.cfg. GRUB_DEFAULT=0 GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0 GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT_QUIET=true GRUB_TIMEOUT=10 GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian` GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash" GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="" # Uncomment to disable graphical terminal (grub-pc only) #GRUB_TERMINAL=console # The resolution used on graphical terminal # note that you can use only modes which your graphic card supports via VBE # you can see them in real GRUB with the command `vbeinfo' #GRUB_GFXMODE=640x480 # Uncomment if you don't want GRUB to pass "root=UUID=xxx" parameter to Linux #GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_UUID=true # Uncomment to disable generation of recovery mode menu entries #GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_RECOVERY="true" # Uncomment to get a beep at grub start #GRUB_INIT_TUNE="480 440 1" I tried various things including: How do I hide the GRUB menu showing up in the beginning of boot? How to disable Grub's menu from showing up after failed boot http://www.itworld.com/software/306238/disable-grub-boot-menu-ubuntu-1210 But I still get grub menu each time I boot. My generated /boot/grub/grub.cfg: # # DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE # # It is automatically generated by grub-mkconfig using templates # from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub # ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ### if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then set have_grubenv=true load_env fi if [ "${next_entry}" ] ; then set default="${next_entry}" set next_entry= save_env next_entry set boot_once=true else set default="0" fi if [ x"${feature_menuentry_id}" = xy ]; then menuentry_id_option="--id" else menuentry_id_option="" fi export menuentry_id_option if [ "${prev_saved_entry}" ]; then set saved_entry="${prev_saved_entry}" save_env saved_entry set prev_saved_entry= save_env prev_saved_entry set boot_once=true fi function savedefault { if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then saved_entry="${chosen}" save_env saved_entry fi } function recordfail { set recordfail=1 if [ -n "${have_grubenv}" ]; then if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then save_env recordfail; fi; fi } function load_video { if [ x$feature_all_video_module = xy ]; then insmod all_video else insmod efi_gop insmod efi_uga insmod ieee1275_fb insmod vbe insmod vga insmod video_bochs insmod video_cirrus fi } if [ x$feature_default_font_path = xy ] ; then font=unicode else insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 fi font="/usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2" fi if loadfont $font ; then set gfxmode=auto load_video insmod gfxterm set locale_dir=$prefix/locale set lang=en_US insmod gettext fi terminal_output gfxterm if [ "${recordfail}" = 1 ] ; then set timeout=-1 else if [ x$feature_timeout_style = xy ] ; then set timeout_style=hidden set timeout=0 # Fallback hidden-timeout code in case the timeout_style feature is # unavailable. elif sleep --interruptible 0 ; then set timeout=0 fi fi ### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### set menu_color_normal=white/black set menu_color_highlight=black/light-gray if background_color 45,51,53; then clear fi ### END /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### function gfxmode { set gfxpayload="${1}" if [ "${1}" = "keep" ]; then set vt_handoff=vt.handoff=7 else set vt_handoff= fi } if [ "${recordfail}" != 1 ]; then if [ -e ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt ]; then if hwmatch ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt 3; then if [ ${match} = 0 ]; then set linux_gfx_mode=keep else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi else set linux_gfx_mode=keep fi else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi export linux_gfx_mode menuentry 'Ubuntu' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-simple-ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460' { recordfail load_video gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode insmod gzio insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 fi linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-29-generic.efi.signed root=UUID=ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 ro quiet splash $vt_handoff initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-29-generic } submenu 'Advanced options for Ubuntu' $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-advanced-ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460' { menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.13.0-29-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.13.0-29-generic-advanced-ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460' { recordfail load_video gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode insmod gzio insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 fi echo 'Loading Linux 3.13.0-29-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-29-generic.efi.signed root=UUID=ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 ro quiet splash $vt_handoff echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-29-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.13.0-29-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.13.0-29-generic-recovery-ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460' { recordfail load_video insmod gzio insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 fi echo 'Loading Linux 3.13.0-29-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-29-generic.efi.signed root=UUID=ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 ro recovery nomodeset echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-29-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.13.0-24-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.13.0-24-generic-advanced-ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460' { recordfail load_video gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode insmod gzio insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 fi echo 'Loading Linux 3.13.0-24-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-24-generic.efi.signed root=UUID=ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 ro quiet splash $vt_handoff echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-24-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.13.0-24-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.13.0-24-generic-recovery-ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460' { recordfail load_video insmod gzio insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 fi echo 'Loading Linux 3.13.0-24-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-24-generic.efi.signed root=UUID=ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 ro recovery nomodeset echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-24-generic } } ### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ### ### END /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### ### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### menuentry 'Ubuntu 14.04 LTS (14.04) (on /dev/mapper/isw_beaaegcdjh_ASUS_OS2)' --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-gnulinux-simple-ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460' { insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 fi linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-29-generic.efi.signed root=UUID=ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 ro splash quiet quiet splash $vt_handoff initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-29-generic } submenu 'Advanced options for Ubuntu 14.04 LTS (14.04) (on /dev/mapper/isw_beaaegcdjh_ASUS_OS2)' $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-gnulinux-advanced-ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460' { menuentry 'Ubuntu (on /dev/mapper/isw_beaaegcdjh_ASUS_OS2)' --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-gnulinux-/boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-29-generic.efi.signed--ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460' { insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 fi linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-29-generic.efi.signed root=UUID=ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 ro splash quiet quiet splash $vt_handoff initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-29-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.13.0-29-generic (on /dev/mapper/isw_beaaegcdjh_ASUS_OS2)' --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-gnulinux-/boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-29-generic.efi.signed--ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460' { insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 fi linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-29-generic.efi.signed root=UUID=ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 ro splash quiet quiet splash $vt_handoff initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-29-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.13.0-29-generic (recovery mode) (on /dev/mapper/isw_beaaegcdjh_ASUS_OS2)' --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-gnulinux-/boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-29-generic.efi.signed-root=UUID=ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 ro recovery nomodeset splash quiet-ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460' { insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 fi linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-29-generic.efi.signed root=UUID=ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 ro recovery nomodeset splash quiet initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-29-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.13.0-24-generic (on /dev/mapper/isw_beaaegcdjh_ASUS_OS2)' --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-gnulinux-/boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-24-generic.efi.signed--ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460' { insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 fi linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-24-generic.efi.signed root=UUID=ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 ro splash quiet quiet splash $vt_handoff initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-24-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.13.0-24-generic (recovery mode) (on /dev/mapper/isw_beaaegcdjh_ASUS_OS2)' --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-gnulinux-/boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-24-generic.efi.signed-root=UUID=ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 ro recovery nomodeset splash quiet-ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460' { insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 fi linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-24-generic.efi.signed root=UUID=ed6b32bc-ec1d-444c-a000-282fddd6d460 ro recovery nomodeset splash quiet initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-24-generic } } set timeout_style=menu if [ "${timeout}" = 0 ]; then set timeout=10 fi ### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ### menuentry 'System setup' $menuentry_id_option 'uefi-firmware' { fwsetup } ### END /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### # This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the # menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change # the 'exec tail' line above. ### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/41_custom ### if [ -f ${config_directory}/custom.cfg ]; then source ${config_directory}/custom.cfg elif [ -z "${config_directory}" -a -f $prefix/custom.cfg ]; then source $prefix/custom.cfg; fi ### END /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###

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• Parallel Classloading Revisited: Fully Concurrent Loading

  - by davidholmes

  Java 7 introduced support for parallel classloading. A description of that project and its goals can be found here: http://openjdk.java.net/groups/core-libs/ClassLoaderProposal.html The solution for parallel classloading was to add to each class loader a ConcurrentHashMap, referenced through a new field, parallelLockMap. This contains a mapping from class names to Objects to use as a classloading lock for that class name. This was then used in the following way: protected Class loadClass(String name, boolean resolve) throws ClassNotFoundException { synchronized (getClassLoadingLock(name)) { // First, check if the class has already been loaded Class c = findLoadedClass(name); if (c == null) { long t0 = System.nanoTime(); try { if (parent != null) { c = parent.loadClass(name, false); } else { c = findBootstrapClassOrNull(name); } } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { // ClassNotFoundException thrown if class not found // from the non-null parent class loader } if (c == null) { // If still not found, then invoke findClass in order // to find the class. long t1 = System.nanoTime(); c = findClass(name); // this is the defining class loader; record the stats sun.misc.PerfCounter.getParentDelegationTime().addTime(t1 - t0); sun.misc.PerfCounter.getFindClassTime().addElapsedTimeFrom(t1); sun.misc.PerfCounter.getFindClasses().increment(); } } if (resolve) { resolveClass(c); } return c; } } Where getClassLoadingLock simply does: protected Object getClassLoadingLock(String className) { Object lock = this; if (parallelLockMap != null) { Object newLock = new Object(); lock = parallelLockMap.putIfAbsent(className, newLock); if (lock == null) { lock = newLock; } } return lock; } This approach is very inefficient in terms of the space used per map and the number of maps. First, there is a map per-classloader. As per the code above under normal delegation the current classloader creates and acquires a lock for the given class, checks if it is already loaded, then asks its parent to load it; the parent in turn creates another lock in its own map, checks if the class is already loaded and then delegates to its parent and so on till the boot loader is invoked for which there is no map and no lock. So even in the simplest of applications, you will have two maps (in the system and extensions loaders) for every class that has to be loaded transitively from the application's main class. If you knew before hand which loader would actually load the class the locking would only need to be performed in that loader. As it stands the locking is completely unnecessary for all classes loaded by the boot loader. Secondly, once loading has completed and findClass will return the class, the lock and the map entry is completely unnecessary. But as it stands, the lock objects and their associated entries are never removed from the map. It is worth understanding exactly what the locking is intended to achieve, as this will help us understand potential remedies to the above inefficiencies. Given this is the support for parallel classloading, the class loader itself is unlikely to need to guard against concurrent load attempts - and if that were not the case it is likely that the classloader would need a different means to protect itself rather than a lock per class. Ultimately when a class file is located and the class has to be loaded, defineClass is called which calls into the VM - the VM does not require any locking at the Java level and uses its own mutexes for guarding its internal data structures (such as the system dictionary). The classloader locking is primarily needed to address the following situation: if two threads attempt to load the same class, one will initiate the request through the appropriate loader and eventually cause defineClass to be invoked. Meanwhile the second attempt will block trying to acquire the lock. Once the class is loaded the first thread will release the lock, allowing the second to acquire it. The second thread then sees that the class has now been loaded and will return that class. Neither thread can tell which did the loading and they both continue successfully. Consider if no lock was acquired in the classloader. Both threads will eventually locate the file for the class, read in the bytecodes and call defineClass to actually load the class. In this case the first to call defineClass will succeed, while the second will encounter an exception due to an attempted redefinition of an existing class. It is solely for this error condition that the lock has to be used. (Note that parallel capable classloaders should not need to be doing old deadlock-avoidance tricks like doing a wait() on the lock object\!). There are a number of obvious things we can try to solve this problem and they basically take three forms: Remove the need for locking. This might be achieved by having a new version of defineClass which acts like defineClassIfNotPresent - simply returning an existing Class rather than triggering an exception. Increase the coarseness of locking to reduce the number of lock objects and/or maps. For example, using a single shared lockMap instead of a per-loader lockMap. Reduce the lifetime of lock objects so that entries are removed from the map when no longer needed (eg remove after loading, use weak references to the lock objects and cleanup the map periodically). There are pros and cons to each of these approaches. Unfortunately a significant "con" is that the API introduced in Java 7 to support parallel classloading has essentially mandated that these locks do in fact exist, and they are accessible to the application code (indirectly through the classloader if it exposes them - which a custom loader might do - and regardless they are accessible to custom classloaders). So while we can reason that we could do parallel classloading with no locking, we can not implement this without breaking the specification for parallel classloading that was put in place for Java 7. Similarly we might reason that we can remove a mapping (and the lock object) because the class is already loaded, but this would again violate the specification because it can be reasoned that the following assertion should hold true: Object lock1 = loader.getClassLoadingLock(name); loader.loadClass(name); Object lock2 = loader.getClassLoadingLock(name); assert lock1 == lock2; Without modifying the specification, or at least doing some creative wordsmithing on it, options 1 and 3 are precluded. Even then there are caveats, for example if findLoadedClass is not atomic with respect to defineClass, then you can have concurrent calls to findLoadedClass from different threads and that could be expensive (this is also an argument against moving findLoadedClass outside the locked region - it may speed up the common case where the class is already loaded, but the cost of re-executing after acquiring the lock could be prohibitive. Even option 2 might need some wordsmithing on the specification because the specification for getClassLoadingLock states "returns a dedicated object associated with the specified class name". The question is, what does "dedicated" mean here? Does it mean unique in the sense that the returned object is only associated with the given class in the current loader? Or can the object actually guard loading of multiple classes, possibly across different class loaders? So it seems that changing the specification will be inevitable if we wish to do something here. In which case lets go for something that more cleanly defines what we want to be doing: fully concurrent class-loading. Note: defineClassIfNotPresent is already implemented in the VM as find_or_define_class. It is only used if the AllowParallelDefineClass flag is set. This gives us an easy hook into existing VM mechanics. Proposal: Fully Concurrent ClassLoaders The proposal is that we expand on the notion of a parallel capable class loader and define a "fully concurrent parallel capable class loader" or fully concurrent loader, for short. A fully concurrent loader uses no synchronization in loadClass and the VM uses the "parallel define class" mechanism. For a fully concurrent loader getClassLoadingLock() can return null (or perhaps not - it doesn't matter as we won't use the result anyway). At present we have not made any changes to this method. All the parallel capable JDK classloaders become fully concurrent loaders. This doesn't require any code re-design as none of the mechanisms implemented rely on the per-name locking provided by the parallelLockMap. This seems to give us a path to remove all locking at the Java level during classloading, while retaining full compatibility with Java 7 parallel capable loaders. Fully concurrent loaders will still encounter the performance penalty associated with concurrent attempts to find and prepare a class's bytecode for definition by the VM. What this penalty is depends on the number of concurrent load attempts possible (a function of the number of threads and the application logic, and dependent on the number of processors), and the costs associated with finding and preparing the bytecodes. This obviously has to be measured across a range of applications. Preliminary webrevs: http://cr.openjdk.java.net/~dholmes/concurrent-loaders/webrev.hotspot/ http://cr.openjdk.java.net/~dholmes/concurrent-loaders/webrev.jdk/ Please direct all comments to the mailing list [email protected].

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• PHP Classes Extend

  - by John

  I have two classes that work seperate from another, but they extend the same class. Is it possible to have them work the same instance of the extended class. I'm wanting the constructor of the extended class to run only once. I know this isn't right but something like this: <?php $oApp = new app; class a extends $oApp {} class b extends $oApp {}

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• Explicit method tables in C# instead of OO - good? bad?

  - by FunctorSalad

  Hi! I hope the title doesn't sound too subjective; I absolutely do not mean to start a debate on OO in general. I'd merely like to discuss the basic pros and cons for different ways of solving the following sort of problem. Let's take this minimal example: you want to express an abstract datatype T with functions that may take T as input, output, or both: f1 : Takes a T, returns an int f2 : Takes a string, returns a T f3 : Takes a T and a double, returns another T I'd like to avoid downcasting and any other dynamic typing. I'd also like to avoid mutation whenever possible. 1: Abstract-class-based attempt abstract class T { abstract int f1(); // We can't have abstract constructors, so the best we can do, as I see it, is: abstract void f2(string s); // The convention would be that you'd replace calls to the original f2 by invocation of the nullary constructor of the implementing type, followed by invocation of f2. f2 would need to have side-effects to be of any use. // f3 is a problem too: abstract T f3(double d); // This doesn't express that the return value is of the *same* type as the object whose method is invoked; it just expresses that the return value is *some* T. } 2: Parametric polymorphism and an auxilliary class (all implementing classes of TImpl will be singleton classes): abstract class TImpl<T> { abstract int f1(T t); abstract T f2(string s); abstract T f3(T t, double d); } We no longer express that some concrete type actually implements our original spec -- an implementation is simply a type Foo for which we happen to have an instance of TImpl. This doesn't seem to be a problem: If you want a function that works on arbitrary implementations, you just do something like: // Say we want to return a Bar given an arbitrary implementation of our abstract type Bar bar<T>(TImpl<T> ti, T t); At this point, one might as well skip inheritance and singletons altogether and use a 3 First-class function table class /* or struct, even */ TDictT<T> { readonly Func<T,int> f1; readonly Func<string,T> f2; readonly Func<T,double,T> f3; TDict( ... ) { this.f1 = f1; this.f2 = f2; this.f3 = f3; } } Bar bar<T>(TDict<T> td; T t); Though I don't see much practical difference between #2 and #3. Example Implementation class MyT { /* raw data structure goes here; this class needn't have any methods */ } // It doesn't matter where we put the following; could be a static method of MyT, or some static class collecting dictionaries static readonly TDict<MyT> MyTDict = new TDict<MyT>( (t) => /* body of f1 goes here */ , // f2 (s) => /* body of f2 goes here */, // f3 (t,d) => /* body of f3 goes here */ ); Thoughts? #3 is unidiomatic, but it seems rather safe and clean. One question is whether there are any performance concerns with it. I don't usually need dynamic dispatch, and I'd prefer if these function bodies get statically inlined in places where the concrete implementing type is known statically. Is #2 better in that regard?

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• Python and classes

  - by Artyom

  Hello, i have 2 classes. How i call first.TQ in Second ? Without creating object First in Second. class First: def __init__(self): self.str = "" def TQ(self): pass def main(self): T = Second(self.str) # Called here class Second(): def __init__(self): list = {u"RANDINT":first.TQ} # List of funcs maybe called in first ..... ..... return data

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• Auto-needed classes?

  - by fsdfa

  Suppose I have a class A and a class B. The .h of A, needs the .h of B, and the .h of B needs the .h of A. (need = #include). All .h have the guards: #ifndef _classX_ #define _classX_ ... ... #endif But if I compile the .cpp of A, then when it includes the .h of B, the B class cannot include the .h of A class because the A class has already use the guard. How can i solve this?

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• Substitute values (for specific dates) from a second data frame to the first data frame

  - by user1665355

  I have two time series data frames: The first one: head(df1) : GMT MSCI ACWI DJGlbl Russell 1000 Russell Dev S&P GSCI Industrial S&P GSCI Precious 1999-03-01 -0.7000000 0.2000000 -0.1000000 -1.5000000 -1.0000000 -0.4000000 1999-03-02 -0.5035247 0.0998004 -0.7007007 -0.2030457 0.4040404 -0.3012048 1999-03-03 -0.2024291 0.2991027 0.0000000 -0.6103764 0.1006036 -0.1007049 1999-03-04 0.7099391 0.2982107 1.5120968 -0.1023541 0.5025126 0.4032258 1999-03-05 2.4169184 0.8919722 2.1847071 2.7663934 -1.2000000 0.0000000 1999-03-08 0.3933137 0.3929273 0.5830904 -0.0997009 -0.2024291 1.1044177 tail(df1) : GMT MSCI ACWI DJGlbl Russell 1000 Russell Dev S&P GSCI Industrial S&P GSCI Precious 2011-12-23 0.68241470 0.84790673 0.9441385 0.6116208 0.5822862 -0.2345300 2011-12-26 -0.05213764 0.00000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 2011-12-27 0.20865936 0.05254861 0.3117693 0.2431611 0.0000000 -0.7233273 2011-12-28 -0.62467465 -1.20798319 -1.1655012 -0.9702850 -2.0414381 -2.4043716 2011-12-29 0.52383447 0.47846890 0.8647799 0.5511329 -0.0933126 -1.2504666 2011-12-30 0.26055237 1.03174603 -0.4676539 1.2180268 1.9613948 1.7388017 The second one: head(df2) : GMT MSCI.ACWI DJGlbl Russell.1000 Russell.Dev S.P.GSCI.Industrial S.P.GSCI.Precious 1999-06-01 0.00000000 0.24438520 0.0000000 0 -0.88465521 0.008522842 1999-07-01 0.12630441 0.06755621 0.0000000 0 0.29394697 0.000000000 1999-08-02 0.07441812 0.18922829 0.0000000 0 0.02697299 -0.107155063 1999-09-01 -0.36952701 0.08684107 0.1117509 0 0.24520976 0.000000000 1999-10-01 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.0000000 0 0.00000000 1.941266205 1999-11-01 0.41879925 0.00000000 0.0000000 0 0.00000000 -0.197897901 tail(df2) : GMT MSCI.ACWI DJGlbl Russell.1000 Russell.Dev S.P.GSCI.Industrial S.P.GSCI.Precious 2011-07-01 0.00000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.00000000 -0.1141162 2011-08-01 0.00000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.02627347 0.0000000 2011-09-01 -0.02470873 0.2977585 -0.0911891 0.6367605 0.00000000 0.2830977 2011-10-03 0.42495188 0.0000000 0.4200743 -0.4420027 -0.41012646 0.0000000 2011-11-01 0.00000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 -0.6597739 0.00000000 0.0000000 2011-12-01 0.50273034 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.6476393 0.00000000 0.0000000 The first df cointains daily observations. The second df contains only the "first day of each month" forecasted values. I would like to substitute the values from the second df into the first one. In other words, the "first day of each month" values in the first df will be substituted for the "first day of each month" values from the second df. I tried to write an lapply loop that substitutes the values and was only trying to use match function. But I failed. I could not find the similar question at StackOverflow either... Greatful for any suggestions!

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• Big-O of PHP functions?

  - by Kendall Hopkins

  After using PHP for a while now, I've noticed that not all PHP built in functions as fast as expected. Consider the below two possible implementations of a function that finds if a number is prime using a cached array of primes. //very slow for large $prime_array $prime_array = array( 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, .... 104729, ... ); $result_array = array(); foreach( $array_of_number => $number ) { $result_array[$number] = in_array( $number, $large_prime_array ); } //still decent performance for large $prime_array $prime_array => array( 2 => NULL, 3 => NULL, 5 => NULL, 7 => NULL, 11 => NULL, 13 => NULL, .... 104729 => NULL, ... ); foreach( $array_of_number => $number ) { $result_array[$number] = array_key_exists( $number, $large_prime_array ); } This is because in_array is implemented with a linear search O(n) which will linearly slow down as $prime_array grows. Where the array_key_exists function is implemented with a hash lookup O(1) which will not slow down unless the hash table gets extremely populated (in which case it's only O(logn)). So far I've had to discover the big-O's via trial and error, and occasionally looking at the source code. Now for the question... I was wondering if there was a list of the theoretical (or practical) big O times for all* the PHP built in functions. *or at least the interesting ones For example find it very hard to predict what the big O of functions listed because the possible implementation depends on unknown core data structures of PHP: array_merge, array_merge_recursive, array_reverse, array_intersect, array_combine, str_replace (with array inputs), etc.

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• DLL Exports: not all my functions are exported

  - by carmellose

  I'm trying to create a Windows DLL which exports a number of functions, howver all my functions are exported but one !! I can't figure it out. The macro I use is this simple one : __declspec(dllexport) void myfunction(); It works for all my functions except one. I've looked inside Dependency Walker and here they all are, except one. How can that be ? What would be the cause for that ? I'm stuck. Edit: to be more precise, here is the function in the .h : namespace my { namespace great { namespace namespaaace { __declspec(dllexport) void prob_dump(const char *filename, const double p[], int nx, const double Q[], const double xlow[], const char ixlow[], const double xupp[], const char ixupp[], const double A[], int my, const double bA[], const double C[], int mz, const double clow[], const char iclow[], const double cupp[], const char icupp[] ); }}} And in the .cpp file it goes like this: namespace my { namespace great { namespace namespaaace { namespace { void dump_mtx(std::ostream& ostr, const double *mtx, int rows, int cols, const char *ind = 0) { /* some random code there, nothing special, no statics whatsoever */ } } // end anonymous namespace here // dump the problem specification into a file void prob_dump( const char *filename, const double p[], int nx, const double Q[], const double xlow[], const char ixlow[], const double xupp[], const char ixupp[], const double A[], int my, const double bA[], const double C[], int mz, const double clow[], const char iclow[], const double cupp[], const char icupp[] ) { std::ofstream fout; fout.open(filename, std::ios::trunc); /* implementation there */ dump_mtx(fout, Q, nx, nx); } }}} Thanks

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• How to call functions inside a C dll which take pointers as arguments from C#

  - by AndrejaKo

  Hi people, this is my first post here! I'm trying to make a windows forms program using C# which will use a precompiled C library. It will access a smart card and provide output from it. For the library, I have a .dll, .lib and .h and no source. In the .h file there are several structs defined. Most interesting functions of the .dll expect pointers to allocated structs as arguments. I've been calling functions inside the .dll like this: For example function EID_API int WINAPI EidStartup(int nApiVersion); would be called like this [DllImport("CelikApi.dll")]//the name of the .dll public static extern int EidStartup(int nApiVersion); Now my problem is that I can't find equivalent of C's pointers which point to dynamically allocated structures in memory in C#, so I don't know what to pass as argument to functions which take C pointers. I don't have much experience in C#, but to me its use looked as the easiest way of making the program I need. I tried with C++, but Visual Studio 2010 doesn't have IntelliSense for C++/CLR. If you can point me to something better, feel free to do so.

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• pure/const functions in C++

  - by Albert

  Hi, I'm thinking of using pure/const functions more heavily in my C++ code. (pure/const attribute in GCC) However, I am curious how strict I should be about it and what could possibly break. The most obvious case are debug outputs (in whatever form, could be on cout, in some file or in some custom debug class). I probably will have a lot of functions, which don't have any side effects despite this sort of debug output. No matter if the debug output is made or not, this will absolutely have no effect on the rest of my application. Or another case I'm thinking of is the use of my own SmartPointer class. In debug mode, my SmartPointer class has some global register where it does some extra checks. If I use such an object in a pure/const function, it does have some slight side effects (in the sense that some memory probably will be different) which should not have any real side effects though (in the sense that the behaviour is in any way different). Similar also for mutexes and other stuff. I can think of many complex cases where it has some side effects (in the sense of that some memory will be different, maybe even some threads are created, some filesystem manipulation is made, etc) but has no computational difference (all those side effects could very well be left out and I would even prefer that). How does it work out in practice? If I mark such functions as pure/const, could it break anything (considering that the code is all correct)?

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• Modify the server side functions using jquery

  - by ant

  Hi, I am developing one website using cakephp and jquery technologies. Server-side there are some functions which handles sql queris. As per requirement I want to modify server side functions on client side using jquery AJAX call. E.g. : Below is the function on server side to modify users information. function modifyUser(username,userid) { //update query statements } Then jquery AJAX call will be like this : $.ajax({ url: 'users/modiyUser', success: function() { alert("Updation done") or any statements. } }); and I want to modify above i.e. server side function depending upon client input criteria. $.ajax({ function users/modiyUser(username,userid) { // I will write here any other statements which gives me some other output. } }); Above AJAX call syntax may not present, but i think you all understood what I am trying to do I simply wants to modify/override server side functions on client side. Please let me know is there any way to resolve above mentioned requirement. Thanks in adavance

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• Program to find the result of primitive recursive functions

  - by alphomega

  I'm writing a program to solve the result of primitive recursive functions: 1 --Basic functions------------------------------ 2 3 --Zero function 4 z :: Int -> Int 5 z = \_ -> 0 6 7 --Successor function 8 s :: Int -> Int 9 s = \x -> (x + 1) 10 11 --Identity/Projection function generator 12 idnm :: Int -> Int -> ([Int] -> Int) 13 idnm n m = \(x:xs) -> ((x:xs) !! (m-1)) 14 15 --Constructors-------------------------------- 16 17 --Composition constructor 18 cn :: ([Int] -> Int) -> [([Int] -> Int)] -> ([Int] -> Int) 19 cn f [] = \(x:xs) -> f 20 cn f (g:gs) = \(x:xs) -> (cn (f (g (x:xs))) gs) these functions and constructors are defined here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primitive_recursive_function The issue is with my attempt to create the compositon constructor, cn. When it gets to the base case, f is no longer a partial application, but a result of the function. Yet the function expects a function as the first argument. How can I deal with this problem? Thanks.

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• C++: calling non-member functions with the same syntax of member ones

  - by peoro

  One thing I'd like to do in C++ is to call non-member functions with the same syntax you call member functions: class A { }; void f( A & this ) { /* ... */ } // ... A a; a.f(); // this is the same as f(a); Of course this could only work as long as f is not virtual (since it cannot appear in A's virtual table. f doesn't need to access A's non-public members. f doesn't conflict with a function declared in A (A::f). I'd like such a syntax because in my opinion it would be quite comfortable and would push good habits: calling str.strip() on a std::string (where strip is a function defined by the user) would sound a lot better than calling strip( str );. most of the times (always?) classes provide some member functions which don't require to be member (ie: are not virtual and don't use non-public members). This breaks encapsulation, but is the most practical thing to do (due to point 1). My question here is: what do you think of such feature? Do you think it would be something nice, or something that would introduce more issues than the ones it aims to solve? Could it make sense to propose such a feature to the next standard (the one after C++0x)? Of course this is just a brief description of this idea; it is not complete; we'd probably need to explicitly mark a function with a special keyword to let it work like this and many other stuff.

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• gcc -finline-functions behaviour?

  - by user176168

  I'm using gcc with the -finline-functions optimization for release builds. In order to combat code bloat because I work on an embedded system I want to say don't inline particular functions. The obvious way to do this would be through function attributes ie attribute(noinline). The problem is this doesn't seem to work when I switch on the global -finline-functions optimisation which is part of the -O3 switch. It also has something to do with it being templated as a non templated version of the same function doesn't get inlined which is as expected. Has anybody any idea of how to control inlining when this global switch is on? Here's the code: #include <cstdlib> #include <iostream> using namespace std; class Base { public: template<typename _Type_> static _Type_ fooT( _Type_ x, _Type_ y ) __attribute__ (( noinline )); }; template<typename _Type_> _Type_ Base::fooT( _Type_ x, _Type_ y ) { asm(""); return x + y; } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { int test = Base::fooT( 1, 2 ); printf( "test = %d\n", test ); system("PAUSE"); return EXIT_SUCCESS; }

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• Using ms: xpath functions inside XPathExpression

  - by Filini

  I am trying to use Microsoft XPath Extension Functions (such as ms:string-compare http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms256114.aspx) inside an XPathExpression object. These functions are extensions inside the MSXML library, and if I use them in an XslCompiledTransform (simply adding the "ms" namespace) they work like a charm: var xsl = @" <?xml version=""1.0"" encoding=""UTF-8""?> <xsl:stylesheet version=""2.0"" xmlns:xsl=""http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"" xmlns:xs=""http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"" xmlns:fn=""http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions"" xmlns:ms=""urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xslt""> <xsl:output method=""xml"" version=""1.0"" encoding=""UTF-8"" indent=""yes""/> <xsl:template match=""/Data""> <xsl:element name=""Result""> <xsl:value-of select=""ms:string-compare(@timeout1, @timeout2)""/> </xsl:element> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>"; var xslDocument = new XmlDocument(); xslDocument.LoadXml(xsl); var transform = new XslCompiledTransform(); transform.Load(xslDocument); Then I tried using them in an XPathExpression: XPathNavigator nav = document.DocumentElement.CreateNavigator(); XPathExpression expr = nav.Compile("ms:string-compare(/Data/@timeout1, /Data/@timeout2)"); XmlNamespaceManager manager = new XmlNamespaceManager(document.NameTable); manager.AddNamespace("ms", "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xslt"); expr.SetContext(manager); nav.Evaluate(expr); But I get an exception "XsltContext is needed for this query because of an unknown function". XsltContext is a specific XmlNamespaceManager, but I don't know if it's possible to instantiate it without an actual XslCompiledTransform (it's abstract) and use it as my expression context. Is there any way to do this (or any other way to use ms: extensions inside an XPathExpression)?

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• List of Big-O for PHP functions?

  - by Kendall Hopkins

  After using PHP for a while now, I've noticed that not all PHP built in functions as fast as expected. Consider the below two possible implementations of a function that finds if a number is prime using a cached array of primes. //very slow for large $prime_array $prime_array = array( 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, .... 104729, ... ); $result_array = array(); foreach( $array_of_number => $number ) { $result_array[$number] = in_array( $number, $large_prime_array ); } //still decent performance for large $prime_array $prime_array => array( 2 => NULL, 3 => NULL, 5 => NULL, 7 => NULL, 11 => NULL, 13 => NULL, .... 104729 => NULL, ... ); foreach( $array_of_number => $number ) { $result_array[$number] = array_key_exists( $number, $large_prime_array ); } This is because in_array is implemented with a linear search O(n) which will linearly slow down as $prime_array grows. Where the array_key_exists function is implemented with a hash lookup O(1) which will not slow down unless the hash table gets extremely populated (in which case it's only O(logn)). So far I've had to discover the big-O's via trial and error, and occasionally looking at the source code. Now for the question... I was wondering if there was a list of the theoretical (or practical) big O times for all* the PHP built in functions. *or at least the interesting ones For example find it very hard to predict what the big O of functions listed because the possible implementation depends on unknown core data structures of PHP: array_merge, array_merge_recursive, array_reverse, array_intersect, array_combine, str_replace (with array inputs), etc.

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