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  • Unable to install Perl Crypt::OpenSSL::RSA module, please help

    - by Willy
    Hi Everyone, I spent several hours but unable to install CPAN Crypt::OpenSSL::RSA module. It's required for Postfix's dkimproxy add-on. What I do is to run the following command in the shell: $ perl -MCPAN -e 'install Crypt::OpenSSL::RSA' When I run this command, several lines displayed and at the end, this is displayed: Checking if your kit is complete... Looks good Warning: prerequisite Crypt::OpenSSL::Random 0 not found. Writing Makefile for Crypt::OpenSSL::RSA ---- Unsatisfied dependencies detected during [I/IR/IROBERTS/Crypt-OpenSSL-RSA-0.26.tar.gz] ----- Crypt::OpenSSL::Random Shall I follow them and prepend them to the queue of modules we are processing right now? [yes] Then I hit enter (yes) and tens of lines generated with error. At the end I get this: ... ... RSA.xs:579: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘RSA_sign’ RSA.xs:579: error: ‘rsaData’ has no member named ‘hashMode’ RSA.xs:579: error: ‘rsaData’ has no member named ‘hashMode’ RSA.xs:579: error: ‘rsaData’ has no member named ‘rsa’ RSA.xs: In function ‘XS_Crypt__OpenSSL__RSA_verify’: RSA.xs:605: error: ‘rsaData’ has no member named ‘rsa’ RSA.xs:610: error: ‘rsaData’ has no member named ‘hashMode’ RSA.xs:611: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘RSA_verify’ RSA.xs:611: error: ‘rsaData’ has no member named ‘hashMode’ RSA.xs:613: error: ‘rsaData’ has no member named ‘hashMode’ RSA.xs:616: error: ‘rsaData’ has no member named ‘rsa’ RSA.xs:619: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘ERR_peek_error’ RSA.xs: In function ‘boot_Crypt__OpenSSL__RSA’: RSA.xs:214: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘ERR_load_crypto_strings’ make: *** [RSA.o] Error 1 /usr/bin/make -- NOT OK Running make test Can't test without successful make Running make install make had returned bad status, install seems impossible What am I doing wrong? Please guide me. Thanks.

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  • How am i overriding this C++ inherited member function without the virtual keyword being used?

    - by Gary Willoughby
    I have a small program to demonstrate simple inheritance. I am defining a Dog class which is derived from Mammal. Both classes share a simple member function called ToString(). How is Dog overriding the implementation in the Mammal class, when i'm not using the virtual keyword? (Do i even need to use the virtual keyword to override member functions?) mammal.h #ifndef MAMMAL_H_INCLUDED #define MAMMAL_H_INCLUDED #include <string> class Mammal { public: std::string ToString(); }; #endif // MAMMAL_H_INCLUDED mammal.cpp #include <string> #include "mammal.h" std::string Mammal::ToString() { return "I am a Mammal!"; } dog.h #ifndef DOG_H_INCLUDED #define DOG_H_INCLUDED #include <string> #include "mammal.h" class Dog : public Mammal { public: std::string ToString(); }; #endif // DOG_H_INCLUDED dog.cpp #include <string> #include "dog.h" std::string Dog::ToString() { return "I am a Dog!"; } main.cpp #include <iostream> #include "dog.h" using namespace std; int main() { Dog d; std::cout << d.ToString() << std::endl; return 0; } output I am a Dog! I'm using MingW on Windows via Code::Blocks.

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  • Can a member struct be zero-init from the constructor initializer list without calling memset?

    - by selbie
    Let's say I have the following structure declaration (simple struct with no constructor). struct Foo { int x; int y; int z; char szData[DATA_SIZE]; }; Now let's say this struct is a member of a C++ class as follows: class CFoobar { Foo _foo; public: CFoobar(); }; If I declare CFoobar's constructor as follows: CFoobar::CFoobar() { printf("_foo = {%d, %d, %d}\n", _foo.x, _foo.y,_foo.z); for (int x = 0; x < 100; x++) printf("%d\n", _foo.szData[x]); } As you would expect, when CFoobar's constructor runs, garbage data gets printed out Obviously, the easy fix is to memset or ZeroMemory &_foo. It's what I've always done... However, I did notice that if add _foo to the constructor's initialization list with no parameters as follows: CFoobar::CFoobar() : _foo() { That this appears to zero-out the member variables of _foo. At least that was the case with g++ on linux. Now here's my question: Is this standard C++, or is this compiler specific behavior? If it's standard behavior, can someone quote me a reference from an official source? Any "gotchas" in regards to implicit zero-init behavior with more complicated structs and classes?

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  • The Execute SQL Task

    In this article we are going to take you through the Execute SQL Task in SQL Server Integration Services for SQL Server 2005 (although it appies just as well to SQL Server 2008).  We will be covering all the essentials that you will need to know to effectively use this task and make it as flexible as possible. The things we will be looking at are as follows: A tour of the Task. The properties of the Task. After looking at these introductory topics we will then get into some examples. The examples will show different types of usage for the task: Returning a single value from a SQL query with two input parameters. Returning a rowset from a SQL query. Executing a stored procedure and retrieveing a rowset, a return value, an output parameter value and passing in an input parameter. Passing in the SQL Statement from a variable. Passing in the SQL Statement from a file. Tour Of The Task Before we can start to use the Execute SQL Task in our packages we are going to need to locate it in the toolbox. Let's do that now. Whilst in the Control Flow section of the package expand your toolbox and locate the Execute SQL Task. Below is how we found ours. Now drag the task onto the designer. As you can see from the following image we have a validation error appear telling us that no connection manager has been assigned to the task. This can be easily remedied by creating a connection manager. There are certain types of connection manager that are compatable with this task so we cannot just create any connection manager and these are detailed in a few graphics time. Double click on the task itself to take a look at the custom user interface provided to us for this task. The task will open on the general tab as shown below. Take a bit of time to have a look around here as throughout this article we will be revisting this page many times. Whilst on the general tab, drop down the combobox next to the ConnectionType property. In here you will see the types of connection manager which this task will accept. As with SQL Server 2000 DTS, SSIS allows you to output values from this task in a number of formats. Have a look at the combobox next to the Resultset property. The major difference here is the ability to output into XML. If you drop down the combobox next to the SQLSourceType property you will see the ways in which you can pass a SQL Statement into the task itself. We will have examples of each of these later on but certainly when we saw these for the first time we were very excited. Next to the SQLStatement property if you click in the empty box next to it you will see ellipses appear. Click on them and you will see the very basic query editor that becomes available to you. Alternatively after you have specified a connection manager for the task you can click on the Build Query button to bring up a completely different query editor. This is slightly inconsistent. Once you've finished looking around the general tab, move on to the next tab which is the parameter mapping tab. We shall, again, be visiting this tab throughout the article but to give you an initial heads up this is where you define the input, output and return values from your task. Note this is not where you specify the resultset. If however you now move on to the ResultSet tab this is where you define what variable will receive the output from your SQL Statement in whatever form that is. Property Expressions are one of the most amazing things to happen in SSIS and they will not be covered here as they deserve a whole article to themselves. Watch out for this as their usefulness will astound you. For a more detailed discussion of what should be the parameter markers in the SQL Statements on the General tab and how to map them to variables on the Parameter Mapping tab see Working with Parameters and Return Codes in the Execute SQL Task. Task Properties There are two places where you can specify the properties for your task. One is in the task UI itself and the other is in the property pane which will appear if you right click on your task and select Properties from the context menu. We will be doing plenty of property setting in the UI later so let's take a moment to have a look at the property pane. Below is a graphic showing our properties pane. Now we shall take you through all the properties and tell you exactly what they mean. A lot of these properties you will see across all tasks as well as the package because of everything's base structure The Container. BypassPrepare Should the statement be prepared before sending to the connection manager destination (True/False) Connection This is simply the name of the connection manager that the task will use. We can get this from the connection manager tray at the bottom of the package. DelayValidation Really interesting property and it tells the task to not validate until it actually executes. A usage for this may be that you are operating on table yet to be created but at runtime you know the table will be there. Description Very simply the description of your Task. Disable Should the task be enabled or not? You can also set this through a context menu by right clicking on the task itself. DisableEventHandlers As a result of events that happen in the task, should the event handlers for the container fire? ExecValueVariable The variable assigned here will get or set the execution value of the task. Expressions Expressions as we mentioned earlier are a really powerful tool in SSIS and this graphic below shows us a small peek of what you can do. We select a property on the left and assign an expression to the value of that property on the right causing the value to be dynamically changed at runtime. One of the most obvious uses of this is that the property value can be built dynamically from within the package allowing you a great deal of flexibility FailPackageOnFailure If this task fails does the package? FailParentOnFailure If this task fails does the parent container? A task can he hosted inside another container i.e. the For Each Loop Container and this would then be the parent. ForcedExecutionValue This property allows you to hard code an execution value for the task. ForcedExecutionValueType What is the datatype of the ForcedExecutionValue? ForceExecutionResult Force the task to return a certain execution result. This could then be used by the workflow constraints. Possible values are None, Success, Failure and Completion. ForceExecutionValue Should we force the execution result? IsolationLevel This is the transaction isolation level of the task. IsStoredProcedure Certain optimisations are made by the task if it knows that the query is a Stored Procedure invocation. The docs say this will always be false unless the connection is an ADO connection. LocaleID Gets or sets the LocaleID of the container. LoggingMode Should we log for this container and what settings should we use? The value choices are UseParentSetting, Enabled and Disabled. MaximumErrorCount How many times can the task fail before we call it a day? Name Very simply the name of the task. ResultSetType How do you want the results of your query returned? The choices are ResultSetType_None, ResultSetType_SingleRow, ResultSetType_Rowset and ResultSetType_XML. SqlStatementSource Your Query/SQL Statement. SqlStatementSourceType The method of specifying the query. Your choices here are DirectInput, FileConnection and Variables TimeOut How long should the task wait to receive results? TransactionOption How should the task handle being asked to join a transaction? Usage Examples As we move through the examples we will only cover in them what we think you must know and what we think you should see. This means that some of the more elementary steps like setting up variables will be covered in the early examples but skipped and simply referred to in later ones. All these examples used the AventureWorks database that comes with SQL Server 2005. Returning a Single Value, Passing in Two Input Parameters So the first thing we are going to do is add some variables to our package. The graphic below shows us those variables having been defined. Here the CountOfEmployees variable will be used as the output from the query and EndDate and StartDate will be used as input parameters. As you can see all these variables have been scoped to the package. Scoping allows us to have domains for variables. Each container has a scope and remember a package is a container as well. Variable values of the parent container can be seen in child containers but cannot be passed back up to the parent from a child. Our following graphic has had a number of changes made. The first of those changes is that we have created and assigned an OLEDB connection manager to this Task ExecuteSQL Task Connection. The next thing is we have made sure that the SQLSourceType property is set to Direct Input as we will be writing in our statement ourselves. We have also specified that only a single row will be returned from this query. The expressions we typed in was: SELECT COUNT(*) AS CountOfEmployees FROM HumanResources.Employee WHERE (HireDate BETWEEN ? AND ?) Moving on now to the Parameter Mapping tab this is where we are going to tell the task about our input paramaters. We Add them to the window specifying their direction and datatype. A quick word here about the structure of the variable name. As you can see SSIS has preceeded the variable with the word user. This is a default namespace for variables but you can create your own. When defining your variables if you look at the variables window title bar you will see some icons. If you hover over the last one on the right you will see it says "Choose Variable Columns". If you click the button you will see a list of checkbox options and one of them is namespace. after checking this you will see now where you can define your own namespace. The next tab, result set, is where we need to get back the value(s) returned from our statement and assign to a variable which in our case is CountOfEmployees so we can use it later perhaps. Because we are only returning a single value then if you remember from earlier we are allowed to assign a name to the resultset but it must be the name of the column (or alias) from the query. A really cool feature of Business Intelligence Studio being hosted by Visual Studio is that we get breakpoint support for free. In our package we set a Breakpoint so we can break the package and have a look in a watch window at the variable values as they appear to our task and what the variable value of our resultset is after the task has done the assignment. Here's that window now. As you can see the count of employess that matched the data range was 2. Returning a Rowset In this example we are going to return a resultset back to a variable after the task has executed not just a single row single value. There are no input parameters required so the variables window is nice and straight forward. One variable of type object. Here is the statement that will form the soure for our Resultset. select p.ProductNumber, p.name, pc.Name as ProductCategoryNameFROM Production.ProductCategory pcJOIN Production.ProductSubCategory pscON pc.ProductCategoryID = psc.ProductCategoryIDJOIN Production.Product pON psc.ProductSubCategoryID = p.ProductSubCategoryID We need to make sure that we have selected Full result set as the ResultSet as shown below on the task's General tab. Because there are no input parameters we can skip the parameter mapping tab and move straight to the Result Set tab. Here we need to Add our variable defined earlier and map it to the result name of 0 (remember we covered this earlier) Once we run the task we can again set a breakpoint and have a look at the values coming back from the task. In the following graphic you can see the result set returned to us as a COM object. We can do some pretty interesting things with this COM object and in later articles that is exactly what we shall be doing. Return Values, Input/Output Parameters and Returning a Rowset from a Stored Procedure This example is pretty much going to give us a taste of everything. We have already covered in the previous example how to specify the ResultSet to be a Full result set so we will not cover it again here. For this example we are going to need 4 variables. One for the return value, one for the input parameter, one for the output parameter and one for the result set. Here is the statement we want to execute. Note how much cleaner it is than if you wanted to do it using the current version of DTS. In the Parameter Mapping tab we are going to Add our variables and specify their direction and datatypes. In the Result Set tab we can now map our final variable to the rowset returned from the stored procedure. It really is as simple as that and we were amazed at how much easier it is than in DTS 2000. Passing in the SQL Statement from a Variable SSIS as we have mentioned is hugely more flexible than its predecessor and one of the things you will notice when moving around the tasks and the adapters is that a lot of them accept a variable as an input for something they need. The ExecuteSQL task is no different. It will allow us to pass in a string variable as the SQL Statement. This variable value could have been set earlier on from inside the package or it could have been populated from outside using a configuration. The ResultSet property is set to single row and we'll show you why in a second when we look at the variables. Note also the SQLSourceType property. Here's the General Tab again. Looking at the variable we have in this package you can see we have only two. One for the return value from the statement and one which is obviously for the statement itself. Again we need to map the Result name to our variable and this can be a named Result Name (The column name or alias returned by the query) and not 0. The expected result into our variable should be the amount of rows in the Person.Contact table and if we look in the watch window we see that it is.   Passing in the SQL Statement from a File The final example we are going to show is a really interesting one. We are going to pass in the SQL statement to the task by using a file connection manager. The file itself contains the statement to run. The first thing we are going to need to do is create our file connection mananger to point to our file. Click in the connections tray at the bottom of the designer, right click and choose "New File Connection" As you can see in the graphic below we have chosen to use an existing file and have passed in the name as well. Have a look around at the other "Usage Type" values available whilst you are here. Having set that up we can now see in the connection manager tray our file connection manager sitting alongside our OLE-DB connection we have been using for the rest of these examples. Now we can go back to the familiar General Tab to set up how the task will accept our file connection as the source. All the other properties in this task are set up exactly as we have been doing for other examples depending on the options chosen so we will not cover them again here.   We hope you will agree that the Execute SQL Task has changed considerably in this release from its DTS predecessor. It has a lot of options available but once you have configured it a few times you get to learn what needs to go where. We hope you have found this article useful.

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  • C++: Declaration of template class member specialization (+ Doxygen bonus question!)

    - by Ziv
    When I specialize a (static) member function/constant in a template class, I'm confused as to where the declaration is meant to go. Here's an example of what I what to do - yoinked directly from IBM's reference on template specialization: template<class T> class X { public: static T v; static void f(T); }; template<class T> T X<T>::v = 0; template<class T> void X<T>::f(T arg) { v = arg; } template<> char* X<char*>::v = "Hello"; template<> void X<float>::f(float arg) { v = arg * 2; } int main() { X<char*> a, b; X<float> c; c.f(10); // X<float>::v now set to 20 } The question is, how do I divide this into header/cpp files? The generic implementation is obviously in the header, but what about the specialization? It can't go in the header file, because it's concrete, leading to multiple definition. But if it goes into the .cpp file, is code which calls X::f() aware of the specialization, or might it rely on the generic X::f()? So far I've got the specialization in the .cpp only, with no declaration in the header. I'm not having trouble compiling or even running my code (on gcc, don't remember the version at the moment), and it behaves as expected - recognizing the specialization. But A) I'm not sure this is correct, and I'd like to know what is, and B) my Doxygen documentation comes out wonky and very misleading (more on that in a moment). What seems most natural to me would be something like this, declaring the specialization in the header and defining it in the .cpp: ===XClass.hpp=== #ifndef XCLASS_HPP #define XCLASS_HPP template<class T> class X { public: static T v; static void f(T); }; template<class T> T X<T>::v = 0; template<class T> void X<T>::f(T arg) { v = arg; } /* declaration of specialized functions */ template<> char* X<char*>::v; template<> void X<float>::f(float arg); #endif ===XClass.cpp=== #include <XClass.hpp> /* concrete implementation of specialized functions */ template<> char* X<char*>::v = "Hello"; template<> void X<float>::f(float arg) { v = arg * 2; } ...but I have no idea if this is correct. The most immediate consequence of this issue, as I mentioned, is my Doxygen documentation, which doesn't seem to warm to the idea of member specialization, at least the way I'm defining it at the moment. It will always present only the first definition it finds of a function/constant, and I really need to be able to present the specializations as well. If I go so far as to re-declare the entire class, i.e. in the header: /* template declaration */ template<class T> class X { public: static T v; static void f(T); }; /* template member definition */ template<class T> T X<T>::v = 0; template<class T> void X<T>::f(T arg) { v = arg; } /* declaration of specialized CLASS (with definitions in .cpp) */ template<> class X<float> { public: static float v; static void f(float); }; then it will display the different variations of X as different classes (which is fine by me), but I don't know how to get the same effect when specializing only a few select members of the class. I don't know if this is a mistake of mine, or a limitation of Doxygen - any ideas? Thanks much, Ziv

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  • How to check whether a user belongs to an AD group and nested groups?

    - by elsharpo
    hi guys, I have an ASP.NET 3.5 application using Windows Authentication and implementing our own RoleProvider. Problem is we want to restrict access to a set of pages to a few thousand users and rathern than inputing all of those one by one we found out they belong to an AD group. The answer is simple if the common group we are checking membership against the particular user is a direct member of it but the problem I'm having is that if the group is a member of another group and then subsequently member of another group then my code always returns false. For example: Say we want to check whether User is a member of group E, but User is not a direct member of *E", she is a member of "A" which a member of "B" which indeed is a member of E, therefore User is a member of *E" One of the solutions we have is very slow, although it gives the correct answer using (var context = new PrincipalContext(ContextType.Domain)) { using (var group = GroupPrincipal.FindByIdentity(context, IdentityType.Name, "DL-COOL-USERS")) { var users = group.GetMembers(true); // recursively enumerate return users.Any(a => a.Name == "userName"); } } The original solution and what I was trying to get to work, using .NET 3.5 System.DirectoryServices.AccountManagement and it does work when users are direct members of the group in question is as follows: public bool IsUserInGroup(string userName, string groupName) { var cxt = new PrincipalContext(ContextType.Domain, "DOMAIN"); var user = UserPrincipal.FindByIdentity(cxt, IdentityType.SamAccountName, userName); if (user == null) { return false; } var group = GroupPrincipal.FindByIdentity(cxt, groupName); if (group == null) { return false; } return user.IsMemberOf(group); } The bottom line is, we need to check for membership even though the groups are nested in many levels down. Thanks a lot!

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  • Why do pure virtual base classes get direct access to static data members while derived instances do

    - by Shamster
    I've created a simple pair of classes. One is pure virtual with a static data member, and the other is derived from the base, as follows: #include <iostream> template <class T> class Base { public: Base (const T _member) { member = _member; } static T member; virtual void Print () const = 0; }; template <class T> T Base<T>::member; template <class T> void Base<T>::Print () const { std::cout << "Base: " << member << std::endl; } template <class T> class Derived : public Base<T> { public: Derived (const T _member) : Base<T>(_member) { } virtual void Print () const { std::cout << "Derived: " << this->member << std::endl; } }; I've found from this relationship that when I need access to the static data member in the base class, I can call it with direct access as if it were a regular, non-static class member. i.e. - the Base::Print() method does not require a this- modifier. However, the derived class does require the this-member indirect access syntax. I don't understand why this is. Both class methods are accessing the same static data, so why does the derived class need further specification? A simple call to test it is: int main () { Derived<double> dd (7.0); dd.Print(); return 0; } which prints the expected "Derived: 7"

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  • Immutable classes in C++

    - by ereOn
    Hi, In one of my projects, I have some classes that represent entities that cannot change once created, aka. immutable classes. Example : A class RSAKey that represent a RSA key which only has const methods. There is no point changing the existing instance: if you need another one, you just create one. My objects sometimes are heavy and I enforced the use of smart pointers to avoid copy. So far, I have the following pattern for my classes: class RSAKey : public boost::noncopyable, public boost::enable_shared_from_this<RSAKey> { public: /** * \brief Some factory. * \param member A member value. * \return An instance. */ static boost::shared_ptr<const RSAKey> createFromMember(int member); /** * \brief Get a member. * \return The member. */ int getMember() const; private: /** * \brief Constructor. * \param member A member. */ RSAKey(int member); /** * \brief Member. */ const int m_member; }; So you can only get a pointer (well, a smart pointer) to a const RSAKey. To me, it makes sense, because having a non-const reference to the instance is useless (it only has const methods). Do you guys see any issue regarding this pattern ? Are immutable classes something common in C++ or did I just created a monster ? Thank you for your advices !

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  • Can I programatically get hold of the Autos/local variables that is shown when debugging?

    - by Stefan
    Im trying to build an error-logger that loggs running values that is active in the function that caused the error. (just for fun so its not a critical problem) When going in break-mode and looking at the locals-tab and autos-tab you can see all active variables (name, type and value), it would be useful to get hold of that for logging purposes when an error occur and on some other occasions. For my example, I just want to find all local variables that are of type string and integer and store the name and value of them. Is this possible with reflection? Any tips or pointers that get me closer to my goal would be very appreciated. I have toyed with using expression on a specifik object (a structure) to create an automapper against a dataset, but I have not done anything like what I ask for above, so please make me happy and say its possible. Thanks.

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  • Assign table values to multiple variables using a single SELECT statement and CASE?

    - by Darth Continent
    I'm trying to assign values contained in a lookup table to multiple variables by using a single SELECT having multiple CASE statements. The table is a lookup table with two columns like so: [GreekAlphabetastic] SystemID Descriptor -------- ---------- 1 Alpha 2 Beta 3 Epsilon This is my syntax: SELECT @VariableTheFirst = CASE WHEN myField = 'Alpha' THEN tbl.SystemID END, @VariableTheSecond = CASE WHEN myField = 'Beta' THEN tbl.SystemID END, @VariableTheThird = CASE WHEN myField = 'Epsilon' THEN tbl.SystemID END FROM GreekAlphabetastic tbl However, when I check the variables after this statement executes, I expected each to be assigned the appropriate value, but instead only the last has a value assigned. SELECT @VariableTheFirst AS First, @VariableTheSecond AS Second, @VariableTheThird AS Third Results: First Second Third NULL NULL 3 What am I doing wrong?

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  • How to better create stacked bar graphs with multiple variables from ggplot2?

    - by deoksu
    I often have to make stacked barplots to compare variables, and because I do all my stats in R, I prefer to do all my graphics in R with ggplot2. I would like to learn how to do two things: First, I would like to be able to add proper percentage tick marks for each variable rather than tick marks by count. Counts would be confusing, which is why I take out the axis labels completely. Second, there must be a simpler way to reorganize my data to make this happen. It seems like the sort of thing I should be able to do natively in ggplot2 with plyR, but the documentation for plyR is not very clear (and I have read both the ggplot2 book and the online plyR documentation. My best graph looks like this, the code to create it follows: the R code I use to get it is the following: library(epicalc) ### recode the variables to factors ### recode(c(int_newcoun, int_newneigh, int_neweur, int_newusa, int_neweco, int_newit, int_newen, int_newsp, int_newhr, int_newlit, int_newent, int_newrel, int_newhth, int_bapo, int_wopo, int_eupo, int_educ), c(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, NA), c('Very Interested','Somewhat Interested','Not Very Interested','Not At All interested',NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA)) ### Combine recoded variables to a common vector Interest1<-c(int_newcoun, int_newneigh, int_neweur, int_newusa, int_neweco, int_newit, int_newen, int_newsp, int_newhr, int_newlit, int_newent, int_newrel, int_newhth, int_bapo, int_wopo, int_eupo, int_educ) ### Create a second vector to label the first vector by original variable ### a1<-rep("News about Bangladesh", length(int_newcoun)) a2<-rep("Neighboring Countries", length(int_newneigh)) [...] a17<-rep("Education", length(int_educ)) Interest2<-c(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8, a9, a10, a11, a12, a13, a14, a15, a16, a17) ### Create a Weighting vector of the proper length ### Interest.weight<-rep(weight, 17) ### Make and save a new data frame from the three vectors ### Interest.df<-cbind(Interest1, Interest2, Interest.weight) Interest.df<-as.data.frame(Interest.df) write.csv(Interest.df, 'C:\\Documents and Settings\\[name]\\Desktop\\Sweave\\InterestBangladesh.csv') ### Sort the factor levels to display properly ### Interest.df$Interest1<-relevel(Interest$Interest1, ref='Not Very Interested') Interest.df$Interest1<-relevel(Interest$Interest1, ref='Somewhat Interested') Interest.df$Interest1<-relevel(Interest$Interest1, ref='Very Interested') Interest.df$Interest2<-relevel(Interest$Interest2, ref='News about Bangladesh') Interest.df$Interest2<-relevel(Interest$Interest2, ref='Education') [...] Interest.df$Interest2<-relevel(Interest$Interest2, ref='European Politics') detach(Interest) attach(Interest) ### Finally create the graph in ggplot2 ### library(ggplot2) p<-ggplot(Interest, aes(Interest2, ..count..)) p<-p+geom_bar((aes(weight=Interest.weight, fill=Interest1))) p<-p+coord_flip() p<-p+scale_y_continuous("", breaks=NA) p<-p+scale_fill_manual(value = rev(brewer.pal(5, "Purples"))) p update_labels(p, list(fill='', x='', y='')) I'd very much appreciate any tips, tricks or hints. Thanks.

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  • How can I loop through variables in SPSS? I want to avoid code duplication.

    - by chucknelson
    Is there a "native" SPSS way to loop through some variable names? All I want to do is take a list of variables (that I define) and run the same procedure for them: pseudo-code - not really a good example, but gets the point across... for i in varlist['a','b','c'] do FREQUENCIES VARIABLES=varlist[i] / ORDER=ANALYSIS. end I've noticed that people seem to just use R or Python SPSS plugins to achieve this basic array functionality, but I don't know how soon I can get those configured (if ever) on my installation of SPSS. SPSS has to have some native way to do this...right?

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  • In Applescript, why do local variables in handlers capture "with" labeled parameters?

    - by outis
    In Applescript, if you declare a handler using "with" labeled parameters, local variables get the values of the arguments and the parameters themselves are undefined. For example: on bam of thing with frst and scnd local eat_frst return {thing: thing, frst:frst, scnd:scnd} -- this line throws an error end bam bam of "bug-AWWK!" with frst without scnd results in an error message that "scnd" isn't defined in the second line of bam. thing and frst are both defined, getting the arguments passed in the call to bam. Why is this happening? Why is scnd undefined? Note: I know that declaring variables as "local" within a handler is unnecessary. It's done in the examples for illustrative purposes.

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  • How can I easily pass all the variables from a template to a partial in Symfony with output escaping

    - by Failpunk
    It there an easy way to pass all the variables a template file has access to onto a partial when I have output escaping on? I tend to create a template file, then refactor things into a partial at some point and it would seem that there would be an easy way to just pass all the same variables from the template to the partial and be done with it. I have output escaping on and I can't just pass in $sf_data. It look like calling a partial from within another partial is very simple...just pass in the variable $vars.

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  • Collision Detection problems in Voxel Engine (XNA)

    - by Darestium
    I am creating a minecraft like terrain engine in XNA and have had some collision problems for quite some time. I have checked and changed my code based on other peoples collision code and I still have the same problem. It always seems to be off by about a block. for instance, if I walk across a bridge which is one block high I fall through it. Also, if you walk towards a "row" of blocks like this: You are able to stand "inside" the left most one, and you collide with nothing in the right most side (where there is no block and is not visible on this image). Here is all my collision code: private void Move(GameTime gameTime, Vector3 direction) { float speed = playermovespeed * (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds; Matrix rotationMatrix = Matrix.CreateRotationY(player.Camera.LeftRightRotation); Vector3 rotatedVector = Vector3.Transform(direction, rotationMatrix); rotatedVector.Normalize(); Vector3 testVector = rotatedVector; testVector.Normalize(); Vector3 movePosition = player.position + testVector * speed; Vector3 midBodyPoint = movePosition + new Vector3(0, -0.7f, 0); Vector3 headPosition = movePosition + new Vector3(0, 0.1f, 0); if (!world.GetBlock(movePosition).IsSolid && !world.GetBlock(midBodyPoint).IsSolid && !world.GetBlock(headPosition).IsSolid) { player.position += rotatedVector * speed; } //player.position += rotatedVector * speed; } ... public void UpdatePosition(GameTime gameTime) { player.velocity.Y += playergravity * (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds; Vector3 footPosition = player.Position + new Vector3(0f, -1.5f, 0f); Vector3 headPosition = player.Position + new Vector3(0f, 0.1f, 0f); // If the block below the player is solid the Y velocity should be zero if (world.GetBlock(footPosition).IsSolid || world.GetBlock(headPosition).IsSolid) { player.velocity.Y = 0; } UpdateJump(gameTime); UpdateCounter(gameTime); ProcessInput(gameTime); player.Position = player.Position + player.velocity * (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds; velocity = Vector3.Zero; } and the one and only function in the camera class: protected void CalculateView() { Matrix rotationMatrix = Matrix.CreateRotationX(upDownRotation) * Matrix.CreateRotationY(leftRightRotation); lookVector = Vector3.Transform(Vector3.Forward, rotationMatrix); cameraFinalTarget = Position + lookVector; Vector3 cameraRotatedUpVector = Vector3.Transform(Vector3.Up, rotationMatrix); viewMatrix = Matrix.CreateLookAt(Position, cameraFinalTarget, cameraRotatedUpVector); } which is called when the rotation variables are changed: public float LeftRightRotation { get { return leftRightRotation; } set { leftRightRotation = value; CalculateView(); } } public float UpDownRotation { get { return upDownRotation; } set { upDownRotation = value; CalculateView(); } } World class: public Block GetBlock(int x, int y, int z) { if (InBounds(x, y, z)) { Vector3i regionalPosition = GetRegionalPosition(x, y, z); Vector3i region = GetRegionPosition(x, y, z); return regions[region.X, region.Y, region.Z].Blocks[regionalPosition.X, regionalPosition.Y, regionalPosition.Z]; } return new Block(BlockType.none); } public Vector3i GetRegionPosition(int x, int y, int z) { int regionx = x == 0 ? 0 : x / Variables.REGION_SIZE_X; int regiony = y == 0 ? 0 : y / Variables.REGION_SIZE_Y; int regionz = z == 0 ? 0 : z / Variables.REGION_SIZE_Z; return new Vector3i(regionx, regiony, regionz); } public Vector3i GetRegionalPosition(int x, int y, int z) { int regionx = x == 0 ? 0 : x / Variables.REGION_SIZE_X; int X = x % Variables.REGION_SIZE_X; int regiony = y == 0 ? 0 : y / Variables.REGION_SIZE_Y; int Y = y % Variables.REGION_SIZE_Y; int regionz = z == 0 ? 0 : z / Variables.REGION_SIZE_Z; int Z = z % Variables.REGION_SIZE_Z; return new Vector3i(X, Y, Z); } Any ideas how to fix this problem? EDIT 1: Graphic of the problem: EDIT 2 GetBlock, Vector3 version: public Block GetBlock(Vector3 position) { int x = (int)Math.Floor(position.X); int y = (int)Math.Floor(position.Y); int z = (int)Math.Ceiling(position.Z); Block block = GetBlock(x, y, z); return block; } Now, the thing is I tested the theroy that the Z is always "off by one" and by ceiling the value it actually works as intended. Altough it still could be greatly more accurate (when you go down holes you can see through the sides, and I doubt it will work with negitive positions). I also does not feel clean Flooring the X and Y values and just Ceiling the Z. I am surely not doing something correctly still.

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  • script engine with no global environment (java)

    - by user1886930
    I am curious about how global variables are handled by script engines. I am looking for a script engine that does not preserve the state of global variables upon invocation. Are there such engines out there? We are looking for a scripting language we can use under the script engine API for Java. When making multiple invocations of a script engine, top-level calls to eval() or evaluate() method preserves the state of global variables, meaning that consequent calls to eval() will use the global variables as they were left by the last invocation. Is there a script engine that does not preserve the state, or provides the ability to reset the state, so that global variables are at their initial state every time the script engine is invoked?

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  • How do you get the logical xor of two variables in Python?

    - by Zach Hirsch
    How do you get the logical xor of two variables in Python? For example, I have two variables that I expect to be strings. I want to test that only one of them contains a True value (is not None or the empty string): str1 = raw_input("Enter string one:") str2 = raw_input("Enter string two:") if logical_xor(str1, str2): print "ok" else: print "bad" The ^ operator seems to be bitwise, and not defined on all objects: >>> 1 ^ 1 0 >>> 2 ^ 1 3 >>> "abc" ^ "" Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for ^: 'str' and 'str'

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  • Implementing a Custom Coherence PartitionAssignmentStrategy

    - by jpurdy
    A recent A-Team engagement required the development of a custom PartitionAssignmentStrategy (PAS). By way of background, a PAS is an implementation of a Java interface that controls how a Coherence partitioned cache service assigns partitions (primary and backup copies) across the available set of storage-enabled members. While seemingly straightforward, this is actually a very difficult problem to solve. Traditionally, Coherence used a distributed algorithm spread across the cache servers (and as of Coherence 3.7, this is still the default implementation). With the introduction of the PAS interface, the model of operation was changed so that the logic would run solely in the cache service senior member. Obviously, this makes the development of a custom PAS vastly less complex, and in practice does not introduce a significant single point of failure/bottleneck. Note that Coherence ships with a default PAS implementation but it is not used by default. Further, custom PAS implementations are uncommon (this engagement was the first custom implementation that we know of). The particular implementation mentioned above also faced challenges related to managing multiple backup copies but that won't be discussed here. There were a few challenges that arose during design and implementation: Naive algorithms had an unreasonable upper bound of computational cost. There was significant complexity associated with configurations where the member count varied significantly between physical machines. Most of the complexity of a PAS is related to rebalancing, not initial assignment (which is usually fairly simple). A custom PAS may need to solve several problems simultaneously, such as: Ensuring that each member has a similar number of primary and backup partitions (e.g. each member has the same number of primary and backup partitions) Ensuring that each member carries similar responsibility (e.g. the most heavily loaded member has no more than one partition more than the least loaded). Ensuring that each partition is on the same member as a corresponding local resource (e.g. for applications that use partitioning across message queues, to ensure that each partition is collocated with its corresponding message queue). Ensuring that a given member holds no more than a given number of partitions (e.g. no member has more than 10 partitions) Ensuring that backups are placed far enough away from the primaries (e.g. on a different physical machine or a different blade enclosure) Achieving the above goals while ensuring that partition movement is minimized. These objectives can be even more complicated when the topology of the cluster is irregular. For example, if multiple cluster members may exist on each physical machine, then clearly the possibility exists that at certain points (e.g. following a member failure), the number of members on each machine may vary, in certain cases significantly so. Consider the case where there are three physical machines, with 3, 3 and 9 members each (respectively). This introduces complexity since the backups for the 9 members on the the largest machine must be spread across the other 6 members (to ensure placement on different physical machines), preventing an even distribution. For any given problem like this, there are usually reasonable compromises available, but the key point is that objectives may conflict under extreme (but not at all unlikely) circumstances. The most obvious general purpose partition assignment algorithm (possibly the only general purpose one) is to define a scoring function for a given mapping of partitions to members, and then apply that function to each possible permutation, selecting the most optimal permutation. This would result in N! (factorial) evaluations of the scoring function. This is clearly impractical for all but the smallest values of N (e.g. a partition count in the single digits). It's difficult to prove that more efficient general purpose algorithms don't exist, but the key take away from this is that algorithms will tend to either have exorbitant worst case performance or may fail to find optimal solutions (or both) -- it is very important to be able to show that worst case performance is acceptable. This quickly leads to the conclusion that the problem must be further constrained, perhaps by limiting functionality or by using domain-specific optimizations. Unfortunately, it can be very difficult to design these more focused algorithms. In the specific case mentioned, we constrained the solution space to very small clusters (in terms of machine count) with small partition counts and supported exactly two backup copies, and accepted the fact that partition movement could potentially be significant (preferring to solve that issue through brute force). We then used the out-of-the-box PAS implementation as a fallback, delegating to it for configurations that were not supported by our algorithm. Our experience was that the PAS interface is quite usable, but there are intrinsic challenges to designing PAS implementations that should be very carefully evaluated before committing to that approach.

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  • Stopping the manipulation of variables used for data collection?

    - by Ruinous
    I am working on a project in java and I was hoping to be able to collect statistics from the client and a possible problem that I fear will occur is the manipulation of the variables used for collection which will lead to illegitimate statistics. Is it in any way possible to prevent the manipulation of variables or is it always possible? For example: I want to log the actions made per hour from the client. The variable acting as a counter for the amount of actions performed is manipulated and a much larger amount is added to the counter. This data is then uploaded to the server (Of course using a multi-tier architecture to prevent even more possible problems) and considered 'legit.' Is there any way to prevent this?

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  • Does anyone else think instance variables are problematic in database-backed applications?

    - by Ben Aston
    It occurs to me that state control in languages like C# is not well supported. By this, I mean, it is left upto the programmer to manage the state of in-memory objects. A common use-case is that instance variables in the domain-model are copies of information residing in persistent storage (i.e. the database). Clearly this violates the single point of authority principle, and "synchronisation" has to be managed by the developer. I envisage a system where instead of instance variables, we have simple public access/mutator methods marked with attributes that link them to the database, and where reads and writes are mediated by a framework that decides whether to hit the database. Does such a system exist? Am I completely missing the point, or is there some truth to this idea?

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  • Implementation of recurring fee system

    - by TPSstar
    I'm developing an application which will list members who have not paid their any previous month's fee and a separate list for those who have paid the fee. So, lets say a member who will be paying fee through out the year, each month and if he didn't pay fee for march 2013 then app should highlight him as un-paid member. What would be best practice to achieve it. Adding fee invoices for whole year already in database when member is added then loop through his payments to check if fee is paid or not, or add a validation date for member on his each payment, for example payment made in Feb 2013 then member is valid till 28.02.2013. Check if date today is 28.02.2013 then he has not paid..

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