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• Cisco ASA - Enable communication between same security level

  - by Conor

  I have recently inherited a network with a Cisco ASA (running version 8.2). I am trying to configure it to allow communication between two interfaces configured with the same security level (DMZ-DMZ) "same-security-traffic permit inter-interface" has been set, but hosts are unable to communicate between the interfaces. I am assuming that some NAT settings are causing my issue. Below is my running config: ASA Version 8.2(3) ! hostname asa enable password XXXXXXXX encrypted passwd XXXXXXXX encrypted names ! interface Ethernet0/0 switchport access vlan 400 ! interface Ethernet0/1 switchport access vlan 400 ! interface Ethernet0/2 switchport access vlan 420 ! interface Ethernet0/3 switchport access vlan 420 ! interface Ethernet0/4 switchport access vlan 450 ! interface Ethernet0/5 switchport access vlan 450 ! interface Ethernet0/6 switchport access vlan 500 ! interface Ethernet0/7 switchport access vlan 500 ! interface Vlan400 nameif outside security-level 0 ip address XX.XX.XX.10 255.255.255.248 ! interface Vlan420 nameif public security-level 20 ip address 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0 ! interface Vlan450 nameif dmz security-level 50 ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0 ! interface Vlan500 nameif inside security-level 100 ip address 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.0 ! ftp mode passive clock timezone JST 9 same-security-traffic permit inter-interface same-security-traffic permit intra-interface object-group network DM_INLINE_NETWORK_1 network-object host XX.XX.XX.11 network-object host XX.XX.XX.13 object-group service ssh_2220 tcp port-object eq 2220 object-group service ssh_2251 tcp port-object eq 2251 object-group service ssh_2229 tcp port-object eq 2229 object-group service ssh_2210 tcp port-object eq 2210 object-group service DM_INLINE_TCP_1 tcp group-object ssh_2210 group-object ssh_2220 object-group service zabbix tcp port-object range 10050 10051 object-group service DM_INLINE_TCP_2 tcp port-object eq www group-object zabbix object-group protocol TCPUDP protocol-object udp protocol-object tcp object-group service http_8029 tcp port-object eq 8029 object-group network DM_INLINE_NETWORK_2 network-object host 192.168.20.10 network-object host 192.168.20.30 network-object host 192.168.20.60 object-group service imaps_993 tcp description Secure IMAP port-object eq 993 object-group service public_wifi_group description Service allowed on the Public Wifi Group. Allows Web and Email. service-object tcp-udp eq domain service-object tcp-udp eq www service-object tcp eq https service-object tcp-udp eq 993 service-object tcp eq imap4 service-object tcp eq 587 service-object tcp eq pop3 service-object tcp eq smtp access-list outside_access_in remark http traffic from outside access-list outside_access_in extended permit tcp any object-group DM_INLINE_NETWORK_1 eq www access-list outside_access_in remark ssh from outside to web1 access-list outside_access_in extended permit tcp any host XX.XX.XX.11 object-group ssh_2251 access-list outside_access_in remark ssh from outside to penguin access-list outside_access_in extended permit tcp any host XX.XX.XX.10 object-group ssh_2229 access-list outside_access_in remark http from outside to penguin access-list outside_access_in extended permit tcp any host XX.XX.XX.10 object-group http_8029 access-list outside_access_in remark ssh from outside to internal hosts access-list outside_access_in extended permit tcp any host XX.XX.XX.13 object-group DM_INLINE_TCP_1 access-list outside_access_in remark dns service to internal host access-list outside_access_in extended permit object-group TCPUDP any host XX.XX.XX.13 eq domain access-list dmz_access_in extended permit ip 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0 any access-list dmz_access_in extended permit tcp any host 192.168.10.29 object-group DM_INLINE_TCP_2 access-list public_access_in remark Web access to DMZ websites access-list public_access_in extended permit object-group TCPUDP any object-group DM_INLINE_NETWORK_2 eq www access-list public_access_in remark General web access. (HTTP, DNS & ICMP and Email) access-list public_access_in extended permit object-group public_wifi_group any any pager lines 24 logging enable logging asdm informational mtu outside 1500 mtu public 1500 mtu dmz 1500 mtu inside 1500 no failover icmp unreachable rate-limit 1 burst-size 1 no asdm history enable arp timeout 60 global (outside) 1 interface global (dmz) 2 interface nat (public) 1 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 nat (dmz) 1 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 nat (inside) 1 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 static (inside,outside) tcp interface 2229 192.168.0.29 2229 netmask 255.255.255.255 static (inside,outside) tcp interface 8029 192.168.0.29 www netmask 255.255.255.255 static (dmz,outside) XX.XX.XX.13 192.168.10.10 netmask 255.255.255.255 dns static (dmz,outside) XX.XX.XX.11 192.168.10.30 netmask 255.255.255.255 dns static (dmz,inside) 192.168.0.29 192.168.10.29 netmask 255.255.255.255 static (dmz,public) 192.168.20.30 192.168.10.30 netmask 255.255.255.255 dns static (dmz,public) 192.168.20.10 192.168.10.10 netmask 255.255.255.255 dns static (inside,dmz) 192.168.10.0 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 dns access-group outside_access_in in interface outside access-group public_access_in in interface public access-group dmz_access_in in interface dmz route outside 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 XX.XX.XX.9 1 timeout xlate 3:00:00 timeout conn 1:00:00 half-closed 0:10:00 udp 0:02:00 icmp 0:00:02 timeout sunrpc 0:10:00 h323 0:05:00 h225 1:00:00 mgcp 0:05:00 mgcp-pat 0:05:00 timeout sip 0:30:00 sip_media 0:02:00 sip-invite 0:03:00 sip-disconnect 0:02:00 timeout sip-provisional-media 0:02:00 uauth 0:05:00 absolute timeout tcp-proxy-reassembly 0:01:00 dynamic-access-policy-record DfltAccessPolicy http server enable http 192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0 inside no snmp-server location no snmp-server contact snmp-server enable traps snmp authentication linkup linkdown coldstart crypto ipsec security-association lifetime seconds 28800 crypto ipsec security-association lifetime kilobytes 4608000 telnet timeout 5 ssh 192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0 inside ssh timeout 20 console timeout 0 dhcpd dns 61.122.112.97 61.122.112.1 dhcpd auto_config outside ! dhcpd address 192.168.20.200-192.168.20.254 public dhcpd enable public ! dhcpd address 192.168.0.200-192.168.0.254 inside dhcpd enable inside ! threat-detection basic-threat threat-detection statistics host threat-detection statistics access-list no threat-detection statistics tcp-intercept ntp server 130.54.208.201 source public webvpn ! class-map inspection_default match default-inspection-traffic ! ! policy-map type inspect dns preset_dns_map parameters message-length maximum client auto message-length maximum 512 policy-map global_policy class inspection_default inspect dns preset_dns_map inspect ftp inspect h323 h225 inspect h323 ras inspect ip-options inspect netbios inspect rsh inspect rtsp inspect skinny inspect esmtp inspect sqlnet inspect sunrpc inspect tftp inspect sip inspect xdmcp !

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• What are fail2ban's log iptables "returned 400" entries?

  - by luri

  In my fail2ban.log there are some entries the meaning of which I don't understand (and haven't found searching around)... For instance, a couple of examples from my log: iptables -I INPUT -p tcp -m multiport --dports ssh -j fail2ban-ssh-ddos returned 400 ... iptables -I INPUT -p tcp -m multiport --dports http,https -j fail2ban-apache-overflows returned 400 So my questions would be: Are those lines errors? If they are... is it a fail2ban problem or an iptables one? If they are.... what do those errors mean?... and... how can they be avoided (if they have to)?

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• Juju bootstrap, install

  - by Robert G.

  I would like to test MAAS + JUJU + OpenStack (I followed the documentation on maas.ubuntu.org) I already made a test environment: 1 MAAS server wich will also run JuJu 10 KVM servers for Openstack The KVM servers are already in "ready" state in MAAS. I would like to set up JuJu but i could not which is drives me crazy. My environments.yaml: environments: maassrv: type: maas maas-server: 'http://${192.168.1.116}/MAAS/' maas-oauth: 'my-key-from-maas' authorized-keys-path: /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub admin-secret: 1234 default-series: trusty When I run "juju status -e maassrv` : ERROR Unable to connect to environment "maassrv". Please check your credentials or use 'juju bootstrap' to create a new environment. Error details: environment "maassrv" not found OK, it's right, so i should run juju bootstrap -e maassrv: ERROR environment "maassrv" not found When i run the command without the -e switch: error: no environment specified So, I am stuck here, I already added the required ssh keys to maas too. I ran out of ideas why it isn't working.

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• Remote install of Ubuntu Server

  - by David Walker

  Hi all, I have a machine located 500 miles away that's running Ubuntu 8.04. I figure it's just about time that I upgrade to the latest LTS. However, there's a software raid (md_raid) in there, and I'm afraid that just a dist-upgrade when I switch over the sources.list will end with catastrophic failure. Like a panic on boot that the raid'd disk can't be read, or something else. First, hoping that's not the case, however, if it ends up happening I'm wondering if there's a means of having someone drop in a Ubuntu 10.04 server install disk, and flip on ssh, and some means for me to hop on and re-run the installer remotely. Is this feasible? If so, what would one need to do aside run apt-get install ssh on the target machine? I do have friends who can be in front of the target machine to initiate the process, just not execute it out.

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• How is this site so fast?

  - by user8628

  how is the website http://dftba.com/ so fast? when i click a link it loads right then? what makes it work like this? how do i make it work like this on my site? some of the objects on the site are being hosted by a website called ecogeek-cdn.net? who is this company and why do they host the images of this site? i have been looking into this site some time because i want this site to be like mine site they site use Apache they site use Python (when asked the developer told me this) they site use jquery and jqueryui they site is custom built not using wordpress they site is ownedhosted by liquidweb they site gets a million users a month they site launched in january they site uses cpanel they site does not have SSH or FTP (i tried to connect but it denied me all) they does have SSH and FTP but only allowed by their addresses Please; my english is not as good as yours

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• Simple Scripting for your Exalogic Storage

  - by Trond Strømme

  As part of my job in Oracle ACS (Advanced Customer Services) I'm handling lots of different systems and customers. Among the recent systems I worked with have been Oracle's Exalogic engineered systems. One of the things I'd never had much exposure to as a system developer/architect/middleware guy/Java dude has been storage; outside of consuming it for my photography needs.. Well, I'm always ready for a new challenge... I'd downloaded the 7000 series storage simulator when it was released in the good old Sun days, found it fun and instructive to play around with, but as I never touched storage in any way (besides consuming it..) I forgot about it. A couple of years ago when I started working with Exalogic engineered systems it again came into light as an invaluable learning and testing tool for the embedded storage in an Exalogic;  Oracle's Sun ZFS Storage 7320 Appliance.  aaaanyway... I've been "booted" into a part-time role as the interim storage/system admin/middleware/Java guy for a client and found I needed to create the occasional report or summary or whatever.. of what's using the storage in the 7320 (as default configured for an Exalogic, 40T of disk in a mirrored configuration, yielding 18T of actual space.) Reading the nice documentation and some articles on the Oracle Technology Network I saw great possibilities with the embedded ECMAScript3/JavaScript engine in the 7000 series.  In my personal opinion anyone who's dealing with Exalogic administration, or exposed to any of the 7000 series of storage appliances and servers that Oracle offers should have a VirtualBox instance of it kicking around. For development and testing it's a fantastic tool. (It can save you from explaining (most) of the embarrassing FAILS you can do if you test something in a production system to your management...) So download, and install.  A small sidestep, if after firing up the 7000 series simulator in VirtualBox you've forgotten what it's IP address is, the following will sort you out if you log in directly via the running VirtualBox VM. So in my case I can ssh to 192.168.56.101 or point a browser to https://192.168.56.101:215 to log into the storage appliance. One simple way of executing a script on the 7320 is to ssh to the device and redirecting a file with the script in it to ssh. ssh [email protected] < myscript.js One question I got from my client and the people who will take over the systems was: "how can we see the quotas and allocations for all projects/shares in one easy go so we don't have to go navigating around in the BUI for all the hundreds of shares the 7320 is hosting just to check if anything is running dry?" Easy! JavaScript time, VirtualBox and emacs! //NOTE! this script is available 'as is' It has ben run on a couple of 7320's, (running 2010.08.17.3.0,1-1.25 & // 2011.04.24.1.0,1-1.8) a 7420 and the VB image, but I personally //offer no guarantee whatsoever that it won't make your server topple, catch fire or in any way go pear shaped.. //run at your own risk or learn from my code and or mistakes.. script run('cd /'); run('shares'); //get all projects: proj = list(); function spaceToGig(bytes){ return bytes/1073741824; //convert bytes to GB } function fullInPercent(quota, space_data){ tmp = (space_data/quota)*100; return tmp; } //print header, slightly good looking printf(" %s/%-15s %8s(GB) %7s(GB) %5s(GB) %7s(GB) %3s\n","Project", "Share","Quota","Ref", "Snap", "Total","%full"); printf("-------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n") //for each project, get all shares. check for quota and calculate percentage and human readable figures.. for (i=0;i<proj.length;i++){ run('select ' + proj[i]); //get all shares for a project var pshares = list(); //for each share get quota properties for (j=0;j<pshares.length;j++){ run('select ' + pshares[j]); quota = get('quota'); //properties associated with a share or inherited from a project spaceData = get('space_data'); spaceSnap = get('space_snapshots'); spaceTotal = get('space_total'); if(quota>0){ //has quota printf(" %s/%-15s \t%4.2fGB\t%.2fGB\t%.2fGB\t%.2fGB\t%5.2f%%\n",proj[i], pshares[j],spaceToGig(quota),spaceToGig(spaceData),spaceToGig(spaceSnap),spaceToGig(spaceTotal),fullInPercent(quota,spaceTotal)); }else{ //no quota printf(" %s/%-15s \t%8s\t%.2fGB\t%.2fGB\t%.2fGB\t%s\n",proj[i],pshares[j], "N/A", spaceToGig(spaceData),spaceToGig(spaceSnap),spaceToGig(spaceTotal),"N/A"); } run('cd ..'); } run('done'); } The resulting output should look something like this: Project/Share Quota(GB) Ref(GB) Snap(GB) Total(GB) %full ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ACSExalogicSystem/domains N/A 0.04GB 0.00GB 0.04GB N/A ACSExalogicSystem/logs N/A 0.01GB 0.00GB 0.01GB N/A ACSExalogicSystem/nodemgrs N/A 0.00GB 0.00GB 0.00GB N/A ACSExalogicSystem/stores N/A 0.04GB 0.00GB 0.04GB N/A ***_dev/FMW_***_1 133GB 4.24GB 0.01GB 4.25GB 3.19% ***_dev/FMW_***_2 N/A 4.25GB 0.01GB 4.26GB N/A ***_dev/applications 10GB 0.00GB 0.00GB 0.00GB 0.00% ***_dev/domains 50GB 10.75GB 3.55GB 14.30GB 28.61% ***_dev/logs 20GB 0.32GB 0.01GB 0.33GB 1.66% ***_dev/softwaredepot 20GB 4.15GB 0.00GB 4.15GB 20.73% ***_dev/stores 20GB 0.01GB 0.00GB 0.01GB 0.05% ###_dev/FMW_###_1 400GB 17.63GB 0.12GB 17.75GB 4.44% ###_dev/applications N/A 0.00GB 0.00GB 0.00GB N/A ###_dev/domains 120GB 14.21GB 5.53GB 19.74GB 16.45% ###_dev/logs 15GB 0.00GB 0.00GB 0.00GB 0.00% ###_dev/softwaredepot 250GB 73.55GB 0.02GB 73.57GB 29.43% …snip My apologies if the output is a bit mis-aligned here and there, I only bothered making it look good, not perfect :/ I also removed some of the project names (*,#)

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• how to start LXDE session automatically after tightvncserver starts to make me able see desktop when connecting to the host via vncclient?

  - by Oleksandr Dudchenko

  I have system which is equipped with Intel Celeron processor 1.1 GHz s370 with 384 Mb of RAM on Intel d815egew motherboard which supports wake-on-lan function. I want to use such a PC for Internet sharing to the local network. Also this PC is a DHCP+DNS server as well as router/gateway. Based on above I decided to install Lubuntu as it is lightweight system. I installed Lubuntu 10.04.4 LTS from alternate ISO. System has no auto login. System boots and has acceptable performance. Host PC has onboard 4 network adapters: eth0 – ethernet controller which is used for Local Network connections. Has static address 10.0.0.1 eth1 – ethernet controller which is not used and not configured so far, I plan to connect printer here later on. eth2 - ethernet controller which is used to connect to Internet, which we plan to share for the local network wlan0 – wireless controller, it is used in role of access poit for local Network and has address 10.0.0.2 We want to control our gateway remotely. So, we need to be able to power it on remotely. To allow this I’ve done the following things: $ cd /etc/init.d/ made a new file with command $ sudo vim wakeonlanconfig Wrote the following lines to the newly created file, saved and closed it #!/bin/bash ethtool -s eth0 wol g ethtool -s eth2 wol g exit Made the abovementioned file executable $ sudo chmod a+x wakeonlanconfig Then included it into autostart sequence during boot. $ sudo update-rc.d -f wakeonlanconfig defaults after system reboot we will be able to poweron system remotely. Than we need to have a possibility to connect remotely to the host via SSH and VNC. So, I installed following packets with the following commands: $ sudo apt-get update $ sudo apt-get install openssh-server tightvncserver Add ssh daemon into autostart sequence during boot. $ sudo update-rc.d -f ssh defaults Power off the host PC $ sudo halt Then I went to remote place, send magic paket and powered the Host up. System started... And I connected to the host via Putty from remote system under Windows. Than logged in and run the command to start vnc server. $ tightvncserver -geometry 800x600 -depth 16 :2 VNC server successfully started and I got message like follows. New 'X' desktop is gateway:2 Starting applications specified in /home/dolv/.vnc/xstartup Log file is /home/dolv/.vnc/gateway:2.log Using UltraVNC Viewer programm under windows I connected to the host's vnc server, enterd the password and.... sow only mouse cursor in form of cross on a grey background of 800x600 dots, no desktop. Here is my .vnc/xstartup file #!/bin/sh xrdb $HOME/.Xresources xsetroot -solid grey #x-terminal-emulator -geometry 80x24+10+10 -ls -title "$VNCDESKTOP Desktop" & #x-window-manager & # Fix to make GNOME work export XKL_XMODMAP_DISABLE=1 /etc/X11/Xsession The Question: What I have to change and where to make LXDE session start automatically after tightvncserver starts?

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• What is the significance of '*' (star, asterisk) in the file listing results?

  - by vfclists

  I have noticed that some of my files have an asterisk at end. Does the asterisk at the end have any particular significance? I think they are mostly executable and displayed in green by the ls command. You will see that ./bkmp* and ./bkmp0* have an asterisk at the end. They are executable bash scripts. Here's my output: drwxr-xr-x 7 username username 4096 Oct 2 18:28 ./ drwxr-xr-x 8 root root 4096 Oct 2 09:25 ../ -rw-r--r-- 1 username username 3724 Sep 22 03:06 .bashrc -rwxr--r-- 1 username username 319 Sep 22 03:42 .bkmp* -rwxr--r-- 1 username username 324 Sep 29 23:30 .bkmp0* drwx------ 2 username username 4096 Sep 17 13:52 .cache/ -rw-r--r-- 1 username username 675 Sep 17 13:37 .profile drwx------ 2 username username 4096 Sep 22 10:10 .ssh/ drwx------ 2 username username 4096 Sep 24 19:49 .ssh.local/ drwxr-xr-x 2 username username 4096 Sep 22 04:10 archives/ drwxr-xr-x 3 username username 4096 Sep 24 19:51 home/ -rw-r--r-- 1 username username 27511 Sep 24 19:51 username_backup.20120924_1908.tar.gz

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• JUJU and ERROR environment has no access-key or secret-key

  - by Riccardo Magrini

  following the official guide: [1]https://juju.ubuntu.com/docs/config-maas.html and considered that I've generated the ssh key (added it to UI of MAAS) and the API key, my environments.yaml file presents in this way: environments: maas: type: maas maas-server: 'http://x.x.x.x/MAAS/' maas-oauth: 'NDPA86PsEzS7bFynSy:vqJLkyHUJbvYzbtY5Q:sXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX admin-secret: 'nothing' default-series: precise authorized-keys-path: ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub # or any file you want. when I try to run the command: juju bootstrap receive the following error: ERROR environment has no access-key or secret-key Someone can explain me where is the wrong? MAAS and JUJU are installed using their ppa stable on an Ubuntu 12.04.3 Server

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• A specific user is unable to log in to vsftpd

  - by HackToHell

  I am setting up a new user let his name be ftpguy. He has access to only one directory /var/www/xxx. I have already chowned the directory so that he has write and read privileges. The user is also unable to login via ssh as I have disabled that by changing his shell to /sbin/nologin. Also, in vsftpd config, I have enabled the chroot_local_user. Now whenever I log in from ftp, i get an auth error. Connect socket #1008 to xxxxxxxx, port 21... 220 Welcome to blah FTP service. USER ftpguy 331 Please specify the password. PASS **** 530 Login incorrect. I changed the password to something different several times, using the passwd command, nothing happens, i still the above error. However I am able to log in with my ssh creditals to my ftp server without any problems.(I do not use a key).

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• Trouble launch byobu with custom windows.NAME file

  - by Brendan Piater

  Apologies if the solution is obvious but I'm stumped! I want to launch byobu from within my Gnome 3 desktop environment on 12.04 but it's not working for me as yet. Here's what I have: created a windows list file ~/.byobu/windows.mrb then tried to launch byobu from within the gnome terminal with: $ BYOBU_WINDOWS=mrb byobu But it gives me the default windows list, NOT my windows list. I followed these instructions from the wiki: http://goo.gl/omgl8 Here is a sanitised version of my windows.mrb file: screen -t local bash screen -t name1 ssh xxx@xxx screen -t name2 ssh root@xxx screen -t name3 bash Appreciate the time and effort. Cheers Brendan

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• Migrating from GlassFish 2.x to 3.1.x

  - by alexismp

  With clustering now available in GlassFish since version 3.1 (our Spring 2011 release), a good number of folks have been looking at migrating their existing GlassFish 2.x-based clustered environments to a more recent version to take advantage of Java EE 6, our modular design, improved SSH-based provisioning and enhanced HA performance. The GlassFish documentation set is quite extensive and has a dedicated Upgrade Guide. It obviously lists a number of small changes such as file layout on disk (mostly due to modularity), some option changes (grizzly, shoal), the removal of node agents (using SSH instead), new JPA default provider name, etc... There is even a migration tool (glassfish/bin/asupgrade) to upgrade existing domains. But really the only thing you need to know is that each module in GlassFish 3 and beyond is responsible for doing its part of the upgrade job which means that the migration is as simple as copying a 2.x domain directory to the domains/ directory and starting the server with asadmin start-domain --upgrade. Binary-compatible products eligible for such upgrades include Sun Java System Application Server 9.1 Update 2 as well as version 2.1 and 2.1.1 of Sun GlassFish Enterprise Server.

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• GPU hung when switching graphic card

  - by Lie Ryan

  I have a laptop (Dell Inspiron N4110) with a switchable graphic. $ lspci | grep VGA 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 09) 01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: ATI Technologies Inc NI Whistler [AMD Radeon HD 6600M Series] (rev ff) Normally, my laptop starts with both graphic cards enabled, which caused the laptop to turn very hot and the fan to become very noisy. I have been using a small script to disable the Radeon card. For some time, I'm quite happy with this arrangement. However, I have been having some issues with the Intel card (IGD), the Intel card often randomly hang when running OpenGL apps; and so I want to give the Radeon card (DIS) another chance. I have never been able to switch to the Radeon card, but recently, I found out that if I do a "delayed switching" (DDIS): # echo "DDIS" > /sys/kernel/debug/vgaswitcheroo/switch root@lieryan-dell-ubuntu:/sys/kernel/debug/vgaswitcheroo# cat switch 0:IGD:+:Pwr:0000:00:02.0 1:DIS: :Pwr:0000:01:00.0 then I logoff (i.e. to restart X), the screen switch to pseudo-tty and then it stuck there freezing. At this situation, mouse and keyboard stops working so I can't switch to another ptty. I tried ssh-ing from another computer to salvage logs (dmesg at that point) and whatnot; I found out that when freezing, the active graphic card is the AMD card: -- this is from ssh -- # cat switch 0:IGD: :Off:0000:00:02.0 1:DIS:+:Pwr:0000:01:00.0 but the GPU is apparently hung, looking at dmesg gives: ... [ 1411.649974] vga_switcheroo: client 0 refused switch [ 1411.649985] vga_switcheroo: setting delayed switch to client 1 [ 1423.911759] vga_switcheroo: processing delayed switch to 1 [ 1424.006564] fbcon: Remapping primary device, fb1, to tty 1-63 [ 1424.006799] i915: switched off [ 1424.840351] [drm:drm_mode_getfb] *ERROR* invalid framebuffer id [ 1425.718088] [drm:drm_mode_getfb] *ERROR* invalid framebuffer id [ 1426.622377] [drm:drm_mode_getfb] *ERROR* invalid framebuffer id [ 1427.355683] [drm:drm_mode_getfb] *ERROR* invalid framebuffer id [ 1428.193549] [drm:drm_mode_getfb] *ERROR* invalid framebuffer id ... the invalid framebuffer id error is repeated for many times over ... I were able to successfully recover by switching back to the Intel card and restarting X from ssh; indicating that only the Radeon card has problems switching. System info: $ uname -a Linux lieryan-dell-ubuntu 3.0.0-14-generic #23-Ubuntu SMP Mon Nov 21 20:28:43 UTC 2011 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux $ lsb_release -a No LSB modules are available. Distributor ID: Ubuntu Description: Ubuntu 11.10 Release: 11.10 Codename: oneiric The laptop also do not have the option to set graphic card at BIOS and the proprietary driver, fglrx, also have never worked; when I installed it through jockey ("Additional Drivers"), glxinfo showed that it still being rendered by Mesa, the /sys/kernel/debug/vgaswitcheroo directory has gone missing, and the driver crashes with a traceback if I use xorg.conf to tell X to use fglrx. Anyone had any idea if it is possible to use this AMD card either with the radeon or the fglrx driver? logs: dmesg

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• Symbolic link all files in directory to show in another directory?

  - by Thomas Clayson

  What I want is to be able to display all files that are ftp'd into /home/ftp in /srv/ftp /srv/ftp is password protected, and has files in it which I don't want to be accessible from the public ftp. So as such I wish that all files uploaded to /home/ftp are automatically symbolically linked (or otherwise) to /srv/ftp. Does this make sense? e.g. ls /srv/ftp: file.sh another.txt something_else.i386 then a user ftp's and drops a file in /home/ftp (or ssh, or whatever) ls /home/ftp: user_file.mk ls /srv/ftp: file.sh another.txt something_else.i386 user_file.mk I hope this makes sense. I have been told that this can probably be achieved using ln to create symbolic links, but I don't want to have to ssh in and create the links every time I (or someone else) puts files over ftp. Thanks! :)

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• How to configure VNC on a remote Ubuntu server?

  - by Jason H.

  I am currently in the process of creating a Ubuntu server with Rackspace cloud and I am trying to configure this server for VNC over SSH on my MacBook Air. Here is a summary of what I am trying to accomplish. Server Details: Ubuntu 12.04 Hosted by RackSpace (no physical access) Need to run Gnome3 VNC connection must be over SSH Any guides or assistance would be great, I have installed Gnome3 and Vino for the VNC-server. I'm just not sure how to configure VNC properly. I've looked online but I'm stuck at the VNC-server portion.

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• Kicked out when logged in?

  - by acidzombie24

  When i log into ubuntu the screen goes black as it were logging in but then i am back in the login screen. I can login as guest (i should disable that). I can login via ssh. The last time i had no issues was when i used it this morning and the only unusual thing i did was shutdown via ssh (i think i wrote shutdown now) which had ubuntu hang after showing the shuting down screen for many seconds (i kind of assumed it shut down properly since the UI froze as well and it usually takes less time). Whats the easiest way to fix this w/o reinstalling? Its a brand new install and so it probably takes me 10mins to recopy/setup everything so i may just do that -edit- using 12.04

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• while upgrading a virtual machine do I need to install a bootloader

  - by Bond

  I have a virtualization server which is having a few virtual machines running at top of it. All this was done using Ubuntu server edition with KVM and using virt-manager on SSH connection. These VMs are Lucid 10.04 64 bit Vms. When I upgrade them via apt-get upgrade on an SSH connection in between the ncurses screen, it asks me if it should install a bootloader and to select Yes or No for it. I have no clue what should I select here and I cancel the upgrade.Since it is a production machine I can not specify any thing like this. So let me know what will be a correct.

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• TestDrive equivalent for Ubuntu Server

  - by Marius Gedminas

  Every now and then I'd like to play with a fresh minimal install of Ubuntu (to test sysadminish scripts, application install instructions, package dependency lists etc.). I'd like to have a tool as simple to use as testdrive: pick a version (say, 'maverick'), run a command, get a shell in a new virtual machine. I'd like that shell to be in the current terminal, rather than a new GUI window that testdrive uses. Setting up the new VM to accept SSH logins with my ssh public key is fine. I'd like the VM to have network access out of the box; NAT to a virtual network interface is fine. Why a VM? Chroots don't really cut it: installing, say, Apache in a chroot would fail because it would try to listen on port 80, which is already taken. Containers might work, though, if there are any that are supported by standard Ubuntu kernels.

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• How can I have the passphrase for a private key remembered for a user?

  - by Jon Cram

  I have a collection of web services running on Ubuntu Server 12.04 that pull code from a github repository. These services run under a specific user (let's call that user 'example'). In /home/example/.ssh/is_rsa is the private key associated with the relevant github account. When performing an operation such as git pull I am greeted with: Enter passphrase for key '/home/simplytestable/.ssh/id_rsa':. Enter the correct password and all is ok. The same private key is present on local development Ubuntu Desktop 12.04 machines and no passphrase is asked for. I'd like to be able to have the passphrase remembered so that upon entering it once it is never asked for again. This will aid in automating various web service updates. I'm guessing that the passphrase needs to be stored in the relevant user's keychain such that I don't have to enter it every time the private key needs to be unlocked. How can I achieve this?

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• can't ping from virtualbox ubuntu server --nat connection

  - by George

  i set up an ubuntu server in virtual box following these and these instructions.My connection worked,also ssh . Then, i signed up in dyndns.com ,i configured the router ,but in the port forward i changed the 2222 port to 80 because it couldn’t forward from 2222.My port is open and accepting connections but i don’t have any more connection from the server in the virtual box. From virtual box settings-network-port forwarding , i use: Host IP :127.0.0.1 , Host port :80 , Guest Port :22 ,Guest IP : its empty. I am not sure if i am using right the address in /etc/network/interfaces , i use 192.168.0.2 and also this address i use for the firewall rules in the router. Also,in the server /etc/resolv.conf i put that address and in /etc/mysql/my.cnf. I can ping that address but nothing more.(of course neither ssh works) Thank you

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• Proper policy for user setup

  - by Dave Long

  I am still fairly new to linux hosting and am currently working on some policies for our production ubuntu servers. The servers are public facing webservers with ssh access from the public network and database servers with ssh access from the internal private network. We are a small hosting company so in the past with windows servers we used one user account and one password that each of us used internally. Anyone outside of the company who needed to access the server for FTP or anything else had their own user account. Is that okay to do in the linux world, or would most people recommend using individual accounts for each person who needs to access the server?

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• How to secure Ubuntu for a non-technical user? (your mom)

  - by Gil

  My mother will be traveling for a while and I need to provide her with a secure laptop so she can work. A windows laptop is out of the question because: she'll be logging into dodgy hotel wireless networks and conference networks price of the windows license to install on a netbook I've installed libreoffice, media players and skype on it. Also enabled SSH so I can intervene but I am worried that I might not be in a position to do so. Possible threats: web browsing USB sticks insecure networks prone to intrusions malware SSH/VNC vulnerabilites Skype vulnerabilities All the "securing Ubuntu" guides out there assume the user has a certain level of technical knowledge but this is not the case with moms in general. If a malware can gain even user level access it might compromise her files.

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• Need a remote desktop to a headless server without logging in first

  - by user17971

  I've been using Linux for many years now but only to run servers. Over the last few days I've been struggling with a technical / configuration issue which I hope someone can help with. I've installed / un-installed many packages but just can't figure out what the "right" way of doing this is. The requirement seems simple Server runs Ubuntu 10.04 with xubuntu and SSH (I do NOT want to connect any screen, keyboard or mouse to the server) I have Windows 7 machine with putty on it and logging in to the server using SSH is fine I want to run an xterminal session on my Windows machine. Amongst the things I've tried is VNU but I can't get it to work because I believe you have to login on the server first. Thanks in advance

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• place to host a simple php socket server

  - by bonusbox

  i am running a small project that occasionally requires me to run a php socket script through ssh. it uses a few bytes of bandwidth (just some text) which activates my art installation project. i tried a simple web hosting plan but that didn't support sockets, so know i am using a 32$ vps plan on namecheap.com just to run a simple php script. i don't really need to host anything else on it. i find it kind of excessive for such a simple thing. is there a place i can run my script for a lower cost? any servers that support php sockets and ssh?

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• Oneiric is freezing. Need help diagnosing and filing a bug

  - by mlissner

  Six months ago, I bought a new Sandy Bridge CPU and built myself a nice desktop machine. Until now it hasn't worked...at all. I finally have gotten it working now that Oneiric is released, but it freezes every so often, making it little more than a semi-functional temptation. What happens when the system freezes is: the music I have playing enters into about 5s loops. SSH fails the monitor freezes the mouse freezes the keyboard fails The only way to fix it is to do a hard reset...and that sucks. I'd love to at least figure out the source of the freeze so I can file a bug. I've looked in dmesg, kern.log, and the X.org logs. Nothing interesting is any of them. Since SSH fails, I'm convinced it's not an X crash: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/X/Troubleshooting/Freeze Anything else I can do?

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