unused variables - Page 91

Differentiate procedural language(c) from oop languages(c++)

- by niko

I have been trying to differentiate c and c++(or oop languages) but I don't understand where the difference is. Note I have never used c++ but I asked my friends and some of them to differentiate c and c++ They say c++ has oop concepts and also the public, private modes for definition of variables and which c does not have though. Seriously I have done vb.net programming for a while 2 to 3 months, I never faced a situation to use class concepts and modes of definition like public and private. So I thought what could be the use for these? My friend explained me a program saying that if a variable is public, it can be accessed anywhere I said why not declare it as a global variable like in c? He did not get back to my question and he said if a variable is private it cannot be accessed by some other functions I said why not define it as a local variable, even these he was unable to answer. No matter where I read private variables cannot be accessed whereas public variables can be then why not make public as global and private as local whats the difference? whats the real use of public and private ? please don't say it can be used by everyone, I suppose why not we use some conditions and make the calls? I have heard people saying security reasons, a friend said if a function need to be accessed it should be inherited first. He explained saying that only admin should be able to have some rights and not all so that functions are made private and inherited only by the admin to use Then I said why not we use if condition if ( login == "admin") invoke the function he still did not answer these question. Please clear me with these things, I have done vb.net and vba and little c++ without using oop concepts because I never found their real use while I was writing the code, I'm a little afraid am I too back in oop concepts?

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Getting Started with TypeScript – Classes, Static Types and Interfaces

- by dwahlin

I had the opportunity to speak on different JavaScript topics at DevConnections in Las Vegas this fall and heard a lot of interesting comments about JavaScript as I talked with people. The most frequent comment I heard from people was, “I guess it’s time to start learning JavaScript”. Yep – if you don’t already know JavaScript then it’s time to learn it. As HTML5 becomes more and more popular the amount of JavaScript code written will definitely increase. After all, many of the HTML5 features available in browsers have little to do with “tags” and more to do with JavaScript (web workers, web sockets, canvas, local storage, etc.). As the amount of JavaScript code being used in applications increases, it’s more important than ever to structure the code in a way that’s maintainable and easy to debug. While JavaScript patterns can certainly be used (check out my previous posts on the subject or my course on Pluralsight.com), several alternatives have come onto the scene such as CoffeeScript, Dart and TypeScript. In this post I’ll describe some of the features TypeScript offers and the benefits that they can potentially offer enterprise-scale JavaScript applications. It’s important to note that while TypeScript has several great features, it’s definitely not for everyone or every project especially given how new it is. The goal of this post isn’t to convince you to use TypeScript instead of standard JavaScript….I’m a big fan of JavaScript. Instead, I’ll present several TypeScript features and let you make the decision as to whether TypeScript is a good fit for your applications. TypeScript Overview Here’s the official definition of TypeScript from the http://typescriptlang.org site: “TypeScript is a language for application-scale JavaScript development. TypeScript is a typed superset of JavaScript that compiles to plain JavaScript. Any browser. Any host. Any OS. Open Source.” TypeScript was created by Anders Hejlsberg (the creator of the C# language) and his team at Microsoft. To sum it up, TypeScript is a new language that can be compiled to JavaScript much like alternatives such as CoffeeScript or Dart. It isn’t a stand-alone language that’s completely separate from JavaScript’s roots though. It’s a superset of JavaScript which means that standard JavaScript code can be placed in a TypeScript file (a file with a .ts extension) and used directly. That’s a very important point/feature of the language since it means you can use existing code and frameworks with TypeScript without having to do major code conversions to make it all work. Once a TypeScript file is saved it can be compiled to JavaScript using TypeScript’s tsc.exe compiler tool or by using a variety of editors/tools. TypeScript offers several key features. First, it provides built-in type support meaning that you define variables and function parameters as being “string”, “number”, “bool”, and more to avoid incorrect types being assigned to variables or passed to functions. Second, TypeScript provides a way to write modular code by directly supporting class and module definitions and it even provides support for custom interfaces that can be used to drive consistency. Finally, TypeScript integrates with several different tools such as Visual Studio, Sublime Text, Emacs, and Vi to provide syntax highlighting, code help, build support, and more depending on the editor. Find out more about editor support at http://www.typescriptlang.org/#Download. TypeScript can also be used with existing JavaScript frameworks such as Node.js, jQuery, and others and even catch type issues and provide enhanced code help. Special “declaration” files that have a d.ts extension are available for Node.js, jQuery, and other libraries out-of-the-box. Visit http://typescript.codeplex.com/SourceControl/changeset/view/fe3bc0bfce1f#samples%2fjquery%2fjquery.d.ts for an example of a jQuery TypeScript declaration file that can be used with tools such as Visual Studio 2012 to provide additional code help and ensure that a string isn’t passed to a parameter that expects a number. Although declaration files certainly aren’t required, TypeScript’s support for declaration files makes it easier to catch issues upfront while working with existing libraries such as jQuery. In the future I expect TypeScript declaration files will be released for different HTML5 APIs such as canvas, local storage, and others as well as some of the more popular JavaScript libraries and frameworks. Getting Started with TypeScript To get started learning TypeScript visit the TypeScript Playground available at http://www.typescriptlang.org. Using the playground editor you can experiment with TypeScript code, get code help as you type, and see the JavaScript that TypeScript generates once it’s compiled. Here’s an example of the TypeScript playground in action: One of the first things that may stand out to you about the code shown above is that classes can be defined in TypeScript. This makes it easy to group related variables and functions into a container which helps tremendously with re-use and maintainability especially in enterprise-scale JavaScript applications. While you can certainly simulate classes using JavaScript patterns (note that ECMAScript 6 will support classes directly), TypeScript makes it quite easy especially if you come from an object-oriented programming background. An example of the Greeter class shown in the TypeScript Playground is shown next: class Greeter { greeting: string; constructor (message: string) { this.greeting = message; } greet() { return "Hello, " + this.greeting; } } Looking through the code you’ll notice that static types can be defined on variables and parameters such as greeting: string, that constructors can be defined, and that functions can be defined such as greet(). The ability to define static types is a key feature of TypeScript (and where its name comes from) that can help identify bugs upfront before even running the code. Many types are supported including primitive types like string, number, bool, undefined, and null as well as object literals and more complex types such as HTMLInputElement (for an <input> tag). Custom types can be defined as well. The JavaScript output by compiling the TypeScript Greeter class (using an editor like Visual Studio, Sublime Text, or the tsc.exe compiler) is shown next: var Greeter = (function () { function Greeter(message) { this.greeting = message; } Greeter.prototype.greet = function () { return "Hello, " + this.greeting; }; return Greeter; })(); Notice that the code is using JavaScript prototyping and closures to simulate a Greeter class in JavaScript. The body of the code is wrapped with a self-invoking function to take the variables and functions out of the global JavaScript scope. This is important feature that helps avoid naming collisions between variables and functions. In cases where you’d like to wrap a class in a naming container (similar to a namespace in C# or a package in Java) you can use TypeScript’s module keyword. The following code shows an example of wrapping an AcmeCorp module around the Greeter class. In order to create a new instance of Greeter the module name must now be used. This can help avoid naming collisions that may occur with the Greeter class. module AcmeCorp { export class Greeter { greeting: string; constructor (message: string) { this.greeting = message; } greet() { return "Hello, " + this.greeting; } } } var greeter = new AcmeCorp.Greeter("world"); In addition to being able to define custom classes and modules in TypeScript, you can also take advantage of inheritance by using TypeScript’s extends keyword. The following code shows an example of using inheritance to define two report objects: class Report { name: string; constructor (name: string) { this.name = name; } print() { alert("Report: " + this.name); } } class FinanceReport extends Report { constructor (name: string) { super(name); } print() { alert("Finance Report: " + this.name); } getLineItems() { alert("5 line items"); } } var report = new FinanceReport("Month's Sales"); report.print(); report.getLineItems(); In this example a base Report class is defined that has a variable (name), a constructor that accepts a name parameter of type string, and a function named print(). The FinanceReport class inherits from Report by using TypeScript’s extends keyword. As a result, it automatically has access to the print() function in the base class. In this example the FinanceReport overrides the base class’s print() method and adds its own. The FinanceReport class also forwards the name value it receives in the constructor to the base class using the super() call. TypeScript also supports the creation of custom interfaces when you need to provide consistency across a set of objects. The following code shows an example of an interface named Thing (from the TypeScript samples) and a class named Plane that implements the interface to drive consistency across the app. Notice that the Plane class includes intersect and normal as a result of implementing the interface. interface Thing { intersect: (ray: Ray) => Intersection; normal: (pos: Vector) => Vector; surface: Surface; } class Plane implements Thing { normal: (pos: Vector) =>Vector; intersect: (ray: Ray) =>Intersection; constructor (norm: Vector, offset: number, public surface: Surface) { this.normal = function (pos: Vector) { return norm; } this.intersect = function (ray: Ray): Intersection { var denom = Vector.dot(norm, ray.dir); if (denom > 0) { return null; } else { var dist = (Vector.dot(norm, ray.start) + offset) / (-denom); return { thing: this, ray: ray, dist: dist }; } } } } At first glance it doesn’t appear that the surface member is implemented in Plane but it’s actually included automatically due to the public surface: Surface parameter in the constructor. Adding public varName: Type to a constructor automatically adds a typed variable into the class without having to explicitly write the code as with normal and intersect. TypeScript has additional language features but defining static types and creating classes, modules, and interfaces are some of the key features it offers. So is TypeScript right for you and your applications? That’s a not a question that I or anyone else can answer for you. You’ll need to give it a spin to see what you think. In future posts I’ll discuss additional details about TypeScript and how it can be used with enterprise-scale JavaScript applications. In the meantime, I’m in the process of working with John Papa on a new Typescript course for Pluralsight that we hope to have out in December of 2012.

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Sales and Procurement Contracts 12.1.3++ Release Information

- by LuciaC

New functionality has been released for Sales and Procurement Contracts in a new patch: Contracts 12.1.3++: Patch 13877401: 12.1.3 Rollup for Oracle Contracts Core. The new functionality includes: APIs for Import of Contract Templates, Contract Expert rules, Questions and Constants: The three APIs are as follows: API for Templates, API for Rules, and API for Questions and Constants. These can be used to both create entities and update existing templates and rules. The APIs will display error and warning messages which can be processed and analyzed by the customer. Ability to Apply Multiple Templates to a Sourcing, Procurement or Sales Document: The buyer can select and add multiple templates to a quote,sales agreement document, sourcing or purchasing odcument. All the clauses and deliverables from the new templates are synchronized with the document. The Contract Expert rules are from the original template. The buyer can also view the list of templates that are added to any sales or procurement document. Ability to Define Multi-Row Variables: You can create user defined manual variables that are tables containing one row per line or multiple rows. Contract Preview will print the variable values according to the layout defined for the variable. These variables are not available for Contract Expert Rules and Supplier. Enhancement to Suggested Sections for Clauses by Contract Expert: You can associate multiple default sections with a clause. A clause is associated with multiple values of any system variable and for each such value a section name is associated in Contracts Terms Library. When Contract Expert is run in the contract authoring flow, the clause is automatically placed in the associated section name. Plus many more new features. Read the following notes for details on all the new and changed functionality: Oracle Procurement Contracts Release Notes, Release 12.1.3++ (Doc ID 1467140.1) Oracle Sales Contracts Release Notes, Release 12.1.3++ (Doc ID 1467149.1) Oracle E-Business Suite Releases 12.1 and 12.2 Release Content Documents (Doc ID 1302189.1)

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Sneaky Javascript For Loop Bug

- by Liam McLennan

Javascript allows you to declare variables simply by assigning a value to an identify, in the same style as ruby: myVar = "some text"; Good javascript developers know that this is a bad idea because undeclared variables are assigned to the global object, usually window, making myVar globally visible. So the above code is equivalent to: window.myVar = "some text"; What I did not realise is that this applies to for loop initialisation as well. for (i = 0; i < myArray.length; i += 1) { } // is equivalent to for (window.i = 0; window.i < myArray.length; window.i += 1) { } Combine this with function calls nested inside of the for loops and you get some very strange behaviour, as the value of i is modified simultaneously by code in different scopes. The moral of the story is to ALWAYS declare javascript variables with the var keyword, even when intialising a for loop. for (var i = 0; i < myArray.length; i += 1) { }

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Difference between two kinds of Bing URL Referers

- by joshuahedlund

Most of the referral URLS that I get from Bing have the following syntax: http://www.bing.com/search?q=keywords+keywords&[some other variables] However I just noticed that maybe 10-20% of them are coming in like this: http://www.bing.com/url?source=search&[some other variables]&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.example.com/user-landing-page-on-my-site&yrktarget=_top&q=keywords+keywords&[some other variables] The first syntax gives me the keywords the user typed in, but the second actually gives me the keywords the user typed in and their landing page on my site. I was originally unaware of this second kind altogether because I have a customized referral report that filters out URLs containing my domain. But now that I noticed them I want to know why they occur to see if I can get more to occur this way because the second syntax contains more valuable information. If I go to one of the first URLs, it gives me a typical Bing query page. The second URLs seem to just redirect me to the Bing home page. I'm not sure if it has to do with the kind of search being performed (I also get a few http://www.bing.com/shopping/search?q= referers) or some other metric. Does anyone know what causes some referral URLs from Bing to have the /search?q syntax and others to have the /url?source syntax? P.S. I have verified that I am getting both kinds of URLs from non-advertising clicks. P.P.S. I am not talking about data in Google Analytics or similar software but the raw $_SERVER['HTTP_REFERER'] value coming from the client's original request.

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SSIS Send Mail Task and ForceExecutionValue Error

- by Kevin Shyr

I tried to use the "ForcedExecutionValue" on several Send Mail Tasks and log the execution into a ExecValueVariable so that at the end of the package I can log into a table to say whether the data check is successful or not (by determine whether an email was sent out) I set up a Boolean variable that is accessible at the package level, then set up my Send Mail Task as the screenshot below with Boolean as my ForcedExecutionValueType. When I run the package, I got the error described below. Just to make sure this is not another issue of SSIS having with Boolean type ( you also can't set variable value from xp_cmdshell of type Boolean), I used variables of types String, Int32, DateTime with the corresponding ForcedExecutionValueType. The only way to get around this error, was to set my variable to type Object, but then when you try to get the value out later, the Object is null. I didn't spend enough time on this to see whether it's really a bug in SSIS or not, or is this just how Send Mail Task works. Just want to log the error and will circle back on this later to narrow down the issue some more. In the meantime, please share if you have run into the same problem. The current workaround is to attach a script task at the end. Also, need to note 2 existing limitation: Data check needs to be done serially because every check needs to be inner join to a master table. The master table has all the data in a single XML column and hence need to be retrieved with XQuery (a fundamental design flaw that needs to be changed) The next iteration will be to change this design into a FOR loop and pull out the checking query from a table somewhere with all the info needed for email task, but is being put to the back of the priority. Error Message: Error: 0xC001F009 at CountCheckBetweenODSAndCleanSchema: The type of the value being assigned to variable "User::WasErrorEmailEverSent" differs from the current variable type. Variables may not change type during execution. Variable types are strict, except for variables of type Object. Error: 0xC0019001 at Send Mail Task on count mismatch: The wrapper was unable to set the value of the variable specified in the ExecutionValueVariable property. Screenshot of my Send Mail Task setup:

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What did programmers do before variable scope, where everything is global?

- by hydroparadise

So, I am having to deal with seemingly archiac language (called PowerOn) where I have a main method, a few datatypes to define variables with, and has the ability to have sub-procedures (essentially void methods) that does not return a type nor accepts any arguements. The problem here is that EVERYTHING is global. I've read of these type of languages, but most books take the aproach "Ok, we use to use a horse and cariage, but now, here's a car so let's learn how to work on THAT!" We will NEVER relive those days". I have to admit, the mind is struggling to think outside of scope and extent. Well here I am. I am trying to figure out how to best manage nothing but global variables across several open methods. Yep, even iterators for for loops have to be defined globaly, which I find myself recycling in different parts of my code. My Question: for those that have this type experience, how did programmers deal with a large amount of variables in a global playing field? I have feeling it just became a mental juggling trick, but I would be interested to know if there were any known aproaches.

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Compiled code spreadsheet-like cell management? (auto-updating)

- by proGrammar

Okay so I am fully aware how spreadsheets manage cells, they build dependency graphs where when one cell changes it tells all the other cells that are dependent on it that it changed. So they can from there update. How they update I think involves either re-evaluating the formulas stored as strings, or re-evaluating the abstract syntax tree which I think is stored differently and might be faster. Something like that. What I'm looking to do is manage a few variables in my code so I don't have to update them in the correct way, which would be a nightmare. But I also want it much faster than spreadsheets. And since I'm not looking for any functionality as great as are in these spreadsheets, I just figured from that thought point that there has to be a way to have a very fast implementation of this functionality. Especially since I don't have to modify cells after compiling unless that would be an option. I'm very new to programming so I have no idea. One example might be to have a code-generator that generates code that does this for me. But I have no clue what the generated code would look like. Specifically, how exactly would variables inform others that they need to update, and what do those variables do to update? I'm looking for any kind of ideas. Programming is not my job but nonetheless I was hoping to have some kind of system like this that would greatly help me with some stuff. Of course I have been programming plenty lately so I can still program. I just don't have the full scope on things. I'm looking for any kind of ideas, thank you very much in advance! Also, please help me with the tags. I know C# and Java mainly and I'm hoping to implement this in either of those languages and I'm hoping this can stay in those tags. Forcing this into some kind of spreadsheet tag wouldn't be accurate.

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NFS users getting a laggy GUI expierence

- by elzilrac

I am setting up a system (ubuntu 12.04) that uses ldap, pam, and autofs to load users and their home folders from a remote server. One of the options for login is sitting down at the machine and starting a GUI session. Programs such as chormium (browser) that preform many read/write operations in the ~/.cache and ~/.config files are slowing down the GUI experience as well as putting strain of the NFS server that is causing other users to have problems. Ubuntu had the handy-dandy XDG_CONFIG_HOME and XDG_CACHE_HOME variables that can be set to change the default location of .cache and .config from the home folder to somewhere else. There are several places to set them, but most of them are not optimal. /etc/environment pros: will work across all shells cons: cannot use variables like $USER so that you can't make users have different new locations for .cache and .config. Every users' new location would be the same directory. /etc/bash.bashrc pros: $USER works, so you can place them in different folders cons: only gets run for bash compatible shells ~/.pam_environment pros: works regardless of shell cons: cannot use system variables (like $USER), has it's own syntax, and has to be created for every user

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How to implement multi-source XSLT mapping in 11g BPEL

- by [email protected]

In SOA 11g, you can create a XSLT mapper that uses multiple sources as the input. To implement a multi-source mapper, just follow the instructions below, Drag and drop a Transform Activity to a BPEL process Double-click on the Transform Activity, the Transform dialog window appears. Add source variables by clicking the Add icon and selecting the variable and part of the variable as needed. You can select multiple input variables. The first variable represents the main XML input to the XSL mapping, while additional variables that are added here are defined in the XSL mapping as input parameters. Select the target variable and its part if available. Specify the mapper file name, the default file name is xsl/Transformation_%SEQ%.xsl, where %SEQ% represents the sequence number of the mapper. Click OK, the xls file will be opened in the graphical mode. You can map the sources to the target as usual. Open the mapper source code, you will notice the variable representing the additional source payload, is defined as the input parameter in the map source spec and body<mapSources> <source type="XSD"> <schema location="../xsd/po.xsd"/> <rootElement name="PurchaseOrder" namespace="http://www.oracle.com/pcbpel/po"/> </source> <source type="XSD"> <schema location="../xsd/customer.xsd"/> <rootElement name="Customer" namespace="http://www.oracle.com/pcbpel/Customer"/> <param name="v_customer" /> </source> </mapSources>...<xsl:param name="v_customer"/> Let's take a look at the BPEL source code used to execute xslt mapper. <assign name="Transform_1"> <bpelx:annotation> <bpelx:pattern>transformation</bpelx:pattern> </bpelx:annotation> <copy> <from expression="ora:doXSLTransformForDoc('xsl/Transformation_1.xsl',bpws:getVariableData('v_po'),'v_customer',bpws:getVariableData('v_customer'))"/> <to variable="v_invoice"/> </copy> </assign> You will see BPEL uses ora:doXSLTransformForDoc XPath function to execute the XSLT mapper.This function returns the result of XSLT transformation when the xslt template matching the document. The signature of this function is ora:doXSLTransformForDoc(template,input, [paramQName, paramValue]*).Wheretemplate is the XSLT mapper nameinput is the string representation of xml input, paramQName is the parameter defined in the xslt mapper as the additional sourceparameterValue is the additional source payload. You can add more sources to the mapper at the later stage, but you have to modify the ora:doXSLTransformForDoc in the BPEL source code and make sure it passes correct parameter and its value pair that reflects the changes in the XSLT mapper.So the best practices are : create the variables before creating the mapping file, therefore you can add multiple sources when you define the transformation in the first place, which is more straightforward than adding them later on. Review ora:doXSLTransformForDoc code in the BPEL source and make sure it passes the correct parameters to the mapper.

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SQL SERVER – 2008 – Missing Index Script – Download

- by pinaldave

Download Missing Index Script with Unused Index Script Performance Tuning is quite interesting and Index plays a vital role in it. A proper index can improve the performance and a bad index can hamper the performance. Here is the script from my script bank which I use to identify missing indexes on any database. Please note, if you should not create all the missing indexes this script suggest. This is just for guidance. You should not create more than 5-10 indexes per table. Additionally, this script sometime does not give accurate information so use your common sense. Any way, the scripts is good starting point. You should pay attention to Avg_Estimated_Impact when you are going to create index. The index creation script is also provided in the last column. Download Missing Index Script with Unused Index Script -- Missing Index Script -- Original Author: Pinal Dave (C) 2011 SELECT TOP 25 dm_mid.database_id AS DatabaseID, dm_migs.avg_user_impact*(dm_migs.user_seeks+dm_migs.user_scans) Avg_Estimated_Impact, dm_migs.last_user_seek AS Last_User_Seek, OBJECT_NAME(dm_mid.OBJECT_ID,dm_mid.database_id) AS [TableName], 'CREATE INDEX [IX_' + OBJECT_NAME(dm_mid.OBJECT_ID,dm_mid.database_id) + '_' + REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(ISNULL(dm_mid.equality_columns,''),', ','_'),'[',''),']','') + CASE WHEN dm_mid.equality_columns IS NOT NULL AND dm_mid.inequality_columns IS NOT NULL THEN '_' ELSE '' END + REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(ISNULL(dm_mid.inequality_columns,''),', ','_'),'[',''),']','') + ']' + ' ON ' + dm_mid.statement + ' (' + ISNULL (dm_mid.equality_columns,'') + CASE WHEN dm_mid.equality_columns IS NOT NULL AND dm_mid.inequality_columns IS NOT NULL THEN ',' ELSE '' END + ISNULL (dm_mid.inequality_columns, '') + ')' + ISNULL (' INCLUDE (' + dm_mid.included_columns + ')', '') AS Create_Statement FROM sys.dm_db_missing_index_groups dm_mig INNER JOIN sys.dm_db_missing_index_group_stats dm_migs ON dm_migs.group_handle = dm_mig.index_group_handle INNER JOIN sys.dm_db_missing_index_details dm_mid ON dm_mig.index_handle = dm_mid.index_handle WHERE dm_mid.database_ID = DB_ID() ORDER BY Avg_Estimated_Impact DESC GO Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: Pinal Dave, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Download, SQL Index, SQL Query, SQL Scripts, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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Time to stop using “Execute Package Task”– a way to execute package in SSIS catalog taking advantage of the new project deployment model ,and the logging and reporting feature

- by Kevin Shyr

I set out to find a way to dynamically call package in SSIS 2012. The following are 2 excellent blogs I found; I used them heavily. The code below has some addition to parameter types and message types, but was made essentially derived entirely from the blogs. http://sqlblog.com/blogs/jamie_thomson/archive/2011/07/16/ssis-logging-in-denali.aspx http://www.ssistalk.com/2012/07/24/quick-tip-run-ssis-2012-packages-synchronously-and-other-execution-options/ The code: Every package will be called by a PackageController package. The packageController is initialized with some information on which package to run and what information to pass in. The following is the stored procedure called from the “Execute SQL Task”. Here is the highlight of the stored procedure It takes in packageName, project name, and folder name (folder in SSIS project deployment to SSIS catalog) The stored procedure sets the package variables of the upcoming package execution Execute package in SSIS Catalog Get the status of the execution. Also, if exists, get the error message’s message_id and store them in the management database. Return value to “Execute SQL Task” to manage failure properly CREATE PROCEDURE [AUDIT].[LaunchPackageExecutionInSSISCatalog] @PackageName NVARCHAR(255) , @ProjectFolder NVARCHAR(255) , @ProjectName NVARCHAR(255) , @AuditKey INT , @DisableNotification BIT , @PackageExecutionLogID INT AS BEGIN TRY DECLARE @execution_id BIGINT = 0; -- Create a package execution EXEC [SSISDB].[catalog].[create_execution] @package_name=@PackageName, @execution_id=@execution_id OUTPUT, @folder_name=@ProjectFolder, @project_name=@ProjectName, @use32bitruntime=False; UPDATE [AUDIT].[PackageInstanceExecutionLog] WITH(ROWLOCK) SET [SSISCatalogExecutionID] = @execution_id WHERE [PackageInstanceExecutionLogID] = @PackageExecutionLogID -- this is to set the execution synchronized so that I can check the result in the end EXEC [SSISDB].[catalog].[set_execution_parameter_value] @execution_id, @object_type=50, @parameter_name=N'SYNCHRONIZED', @parameter_value=1; -- true /******************************************************** ******************************************************** Section: setting parameters Source table: SSISDB.internal.object_parameters object_type list: 20: project level variables 30: package level variables 50: execution parameter ******************************************************** ********************************************************/ EXEC [SSISDB].[catalog].[set_execution_parameter_value] @execution_id, @object_type=30, @parameter_name=N'FromParent_AuditKey', @parameter_value=@AuditKey; -- true EXEC [SSISDB].[catalog].[set_execution_parameter_value] @execution_id, @object_type=30, @parameter_name=N'FromParent_DisableNotification', @parameter_value=@DisableNotification; -- true EXEC [SSISDB].[catalog].[set_execution_parameter_value] @execution_id, @object_type=30, @parameter_name=N'FromParent_PackageInstanceExecutionID', @parameter_value=@PackageExecutionLogID; -- true /******************************************************** ******************************************************** Section: setting variables END ******************************************************** ********************************************************/ /* This section is carried over from example code I don't see a reason to change them yet */ -- Set our package parameters EXEC [SSISDB].[catalog].[set_execution_parameter_value] @execution_id, @object_type=50, @parameter_name=N'DUMP_ON_EVENT', @parameter_value=1; -- true EXEC [SSISDB].[catalog].[set_execution_parameter_value] @execution_id, @object_type=50, @parameter_name=N'DUMP_EVENT_CODE', @parameter_value=N'0x80040E4D;0x80004005'; EXEC [SSISDB].[catalog].[set_execution_parameter_value] @execution_id, @object_type=50, @parameter_name=N'LOGGING_LEVEL', @parameter_value= 1; -- Basic EXEC [SSISDB].[catalog].[set_execution_parameter_value] @execution_id, @object_type=50, @parameter_name=N'DUMP_ON_ERROR', @parameter_value=1; -- true /******************************************************** ******************************************************** Section: EXECUTING ******************************************************** ********************************************************/ EXEC [SSISDB].[catalog].[start_execution] @execution_id; /******************************************************** ******************************************************** Section: EXECUTING END ******************************************************** ********************************************************/ /******************************************************** ******************************************************** Section: checking execution result Source table: [SSISDB].[catalog].[executions] status: 1: created 2: running 3: cancelled 4: failed 5: pending 6: ended unexpectedly 7: succeeded 8: stopping 9: completed ******************************************************** ********************************************************/ if EXISTS(SELECT TOP 1 1 FROM [SSISDB].[catalog].[executions] WITH(NOLOCK) WHERE [execution_id] = @execution_id AND [status] NOT IN (2, 7, 9)) BEGIN /******************************************************** ******************************************************** Section: logging error messages Source table: [SSISDB].[internal].[operation_messages] message type: 10: OnPreValidate 20: OnPostValidate 30: OnPreExecute 40: OnPostExecute 60: OnProgress 70: OnInformation 90: Diagnostic 110: OnWarning 120: OnError 130: Failure 140: DiagnosticEx 200: Custom events 400: OnPipeline message source type: 10: Messages logged by the entry APIs (e.g. T-SQL, CLR Stored procedures) 20: Messages logged by the external process used to run package (ISServerExec) 30: Messages logged by the package-level objects 40: Messages logged by tasks in the control flow 50: Messages logged by containers (For, ForEach, Sequence) in the control flow 60: Messages logged by the Data Flow Task ******************************************************** ********************************************************/ INSERT INTO AUDIT.PackageInstanceExecutionOperationErrorLink SELECT @PackageExecutionLogID ,[operation_message_id] FROM [SSISDB].[internal].[operation_messages] WITH(NOLOCK) WHERE operation_id = @execution_id AND message_type IN (120, 130) EXEC [AUDIT].[FailPackageInstanceExecution] @PackageExecutionLogID, 'SSISDB Internal operation_messages found' GOTO ReturnTrueAsErrorFlag /******************************************************** ******************************************************** Section: checking messages END ******************************************************** ********************************************************/ /* This part is not really working, so now using rowcount to pass status --DECLARE @PackageErrorMessage NVARCHAR(4000) --SET @PackageErrorMessage = @PackageName + 'failed with executionID: ' + CONVERT(VARCHAR(20), @execution_id) --RAISERROR (@PackageErrorMessage -- Message text. -- , 18 -- Severity, -- , 1 -- State, -- , N'check table AUDIT.PackageInstanceExecutionErrorMessages' -- First argument. -- ); */ END ELSE BEGIN GOTO ReturnFalseAsErrorFlagToSignalSuccess END /******************************************************** ******************************************************** Section: checking execution result END ******************************************************** ********************************************************/ END TRY BEGIN CATCH DECLARE @SSISCatalogCallError NVARCHAR(MAX) SELECT @SSISCatalogCallError = ERROR_MESSAGE() EXEC [AUDIT].[FailPackageInstanceExecution] @PackageExecutionLogID, @SSISCatalogCallError GOTO ReturnTrueAsErrorFlag END CATCH; /******************************************************** ******************************************************** Section: end result ******************************************************** ********************************************************/ ReturnTrueAsErrorFlag: SELECT CONVERT(BIT, 1) AS PackageExecutionErrorExists ReturnFalseAsErrorFlagToSignalSuccess: SELECT CONVERT(BIT, 0) AS PackageExecutionErrorExists GO

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What are the disadvantages of self-encapsulation?

- by Dave Jarvis

Background Tony Hoare's billion dollar mistake was the invention of null. Subsequently, a lot of code has become riddled with null pointer exceptions (segfaults) when software developers try to use (dereference) uninitialized variables. In 1989, Wirfs-Brock and Wikerson wrote: Direct references to variables severely limit the ability of programmers to re?ne existing classes. The programming conventions described here structure the use of variables to promote reusable designs. We encourage users of all object-oriented languages to follow these conventions. Additionally, we strongly urge designers of object-oriented languages to consider the effects of unrestricted variable references on reusability. Problem A lot of software, especially in Java, but likely in C# and C++, often uses the following pattern: public class SomeClass { private String someAttribute; public SomeClass() { this.someAttribute = "Some Value"; } public void someMethod() { if( this.someAttribute.equals( "Some Value" ) ) { // do something... } } public void setAttribute( String s ) { this.someAttribute = s; } public String getAttribute() { return this.someAttribute; } } Sometimes a band-aid solution is used by checking for null throughout the code base: public void someMethod() { assert this.someAttribute != null; if( this.someAttribute.equals( "Some Value" ) ) { // do something... } } public void anotherMethod() { assert this.someAttribute != null; if( this.someAttribute.equals( "Some Default Value" ) ) { // do something... } } The band-aid does not always avoid the null pointer problem: a race condition exists. The race condition is mitigated using: public void anotherMethod() { String someAttribute = this.someAttribute; assert someAttribute != null; if( someAttribute.equals( "Some Default Value" ) ) { // do something... } } Yet that requires two statements (assignment to local copy and check for null) every time a class-scoped variable is used to ensure it is valid. Self-Encapsulation Ken Auer's Reusability Through Self-Encapsulation (Pattern Languages of Program Design, Addison Wesley, New York, pp. 505-516, 1994) advocated self-encapsulation combined with lazy initialization. The result, in Java, would resemble: public class SomeClass { private String someAttribute; public SomeClass() { setAttribute( "Some Value" ); } public void someMethod() { if( getAttribute().equals( "Some Value" ) ) { // do something... } } public void setAttribute( String s ) { this.someAttribute = s; } public String getAttribute() { String someAttribute = this.someAttribute; if( someAttribute == null ) { setAttribute( createDefaultValue() ); } return someAttribute; } protected String createDefaultValue() { return "Some Default Value"; } } All duplicate checks for null are superfluous: getAttribute() ensures the value is never null at a single location within the containing class. Efficiency arguments should be fairly moot -- modern compilers and virtual machines can inline the code when possible. As long as variables are never referenced directly, this also allows for proper application of the Open-Closed Principle. Question What are the disadvantages of self-encapsulation, if any? (Ideally, I would like to see references to studies that contrast the robustness of similarly complex systems that use and don't use self-encapsulation, as this strikes me as a fairly straightforward testable hypothesis.)

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How to define template directives (from an API perspective)?

- by Ralph

Preface I'm writing a template language (don't bother trying to talk me out of it), and in it, there are two kinds of user-extensible nodes. TemplateTags and TemplateDirectives. A TemplateTag closely relates to an HTML tag -- it might look something like div(class="green") { "content" } And it'll be rendered as <div class="green">content</div> i.e., it takes a bunch of attributes, plus some content, and spits out some HTML. TemplateDirectives are a little more complicated. They can be things like for loops, ifs, includes, and other such things. They look a lot like a TemplateTag, but they need to be processed differently. For example, @for($i in $items) { div(class="green") { $i } } Would loop over $items and output the content with the variable $i substituted in each time. So.... I'm trying to decide on a way to define these directives now. Template Tags The TemplateTags are pretty easy to write. They look something like this: [TemplateTag] static string div(string content = null, object attrs = null) { return HtmlTag("div", content, attrs); } Where content gets the stuff between the curly braces (pre-rendered if there are variables in it and such), and attrs is either a Dictionary<string,object> of attributes, or an anonymous type used like a dictionary. It just returns the HTML which gets plunked into its place. Simple! You can write tags in basically 1 line. Template Directives The way I've defined them now looks like this: [TemplateDirective] static string @for(string @params, string content) { var tokens = Regex.Split(@params, @"\sin\s").Select(s => s.Trim()).ToArray(); string itemName = tokens[0].Substring(1); string enumName = tokens[1].Substring(1); var enumerable = data[enumName] as IEnumerable; var sb = new StringBuilder(); var template = new Template(content); foreach (var item in enumerable) { var templateVars = new Dictionary<string, object>(data) { { itemName, item } }; sb.Append(template.Render(templateVars)); } return sb.ToString(); } (Working example). Basically, the stuff between the ( and ) is not split into arguments automatically (like the template tags do), and the content isn't pre-rendered either. The reason it isn't pre-rendered is because you might want to add or remove some template variables or something first. In this case, we add the $i variable to the template variables, var templateVars = new Dictionary<string, object>(data) { { itemName, item } }; And then render the content manually, sb.Append(template.Render(templateVars)); Question I'm wondering if this is the best approach to defining custom Template Directives. I want to make it as easy as possible. What if the user doesn't know how to render templates, or doesn't know that he's supposed to? Maybe I should pass in a Template instance pre-filled with the content instead? Or maybe only let him tamper w/ the template variables, and then automatically render the content at the end? OTOH, for things like "if" if the condition fails, then the template wouldn't need to be rendered at all. So there's a lot of flexibility I need to allow in here. Thoughts?

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Procedure or function has too many arguments specified

- by bullpit

This error took me a while to figure out. I was using SqlDataSource with stored procedures for SELECT and UPDATE commands. The SELECT worked fine. Then I added UPDATE command and while trying to update, I would get this error: "Procedure of function has too many arguments specified" Apparently, good guys at .NET decided it is necessary to send SELECT parameters with the UPDATE command as well. So when I was sending the required parameters to the UPDATE sp, in reality, it was also getting my SELECT parameters, and thus failing. I had to add the extra parameters in the UPDATE stored procedure and make them NULLABLE so that they are not required....phew... Here is piece of SP with unused parameters. ALTER PROCEDURE [dbo].[UpdateMaintenanceRecord] @RecordID INT ,@District VARCHAR(255) ,@Location VARCHAR(255) --UNUSED PARAMETERS ,@MTBillTo VARCHAR(255) = NULL ,@SerialNumber VARCHAR(255) = NULL ,@PartNumber VARCHAR(255) = NULL Update: I was getting that error because unkowingly, I had bound the extra fields in my GridVeiw with Bind() call. I changed all the extra one's, which did not need to be in Update, to Eval() and everything works fine.

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Single use download script - Modification [on hold]

- by Iulius

I have this Single use download script! This contain 3 php files: page.php , generate.php and variables.php. Page.php Code: <?php include("variables.php"); $key = trim($_SERVER['QUERY_STRING']); $keys = file('keys/keys'); $match = false; foreach($keys as &$one) { if(rtrim($one)==$key) { $match = true; $one = ''; } } file_put_contents('keys/keys',$keys); if($match !== false) { $contenttype = CONTENT_TYPE; $filename = SUGGESTED_FILENAME; readfile(PROTECTED_DOWNLOAD); exit; } else { ?> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="refresh" content="1; url=http://docs.google.com/"> <title>Loading, please wait ...</title> </head> <body> Loading, please wait ... </body> </html> <?php } ?> Generate.php Code: <?php include("variables.php"); $password = trim($_SERVER['QUERY_STRING']); if($password == ADMIN_PASSWORD) { $new = uniqid('key',TRUE); if(!is_dir('keys')) { mkdir('keys'); $file = fopen('keys/.htaccess','w'); fwrite($file,"Order allow,deny\nDeny from all"); fclose($file); } $file = fopen('keys/keys','a'); fwrite($file,"{$new}\n"); fclose($file); ?> <html> <head> <title>Page created</title> <style> nl { font-family: monospace } </style> </head> <body> <h1>Page key created</h1> Your new single-use page link:<br> <nl> <?php echo "http://" . $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'] . DOWNLOAD_PATH . "?" . $new; ?></nl> </body> </html> <?php } else { header("HTTP/1.0 404 Not Found"); } ?> And the last one Variables.php Code: <? define('PROTECTED_DOWNLOAD','download.php'); define('DOWNLOAD_PATH','/.work/page.php'); define('SUGGESTED_FILENAME','download-doc.php'); define('ADMIN_PASSWORD','1234'); define('EXPIRATION_DATE', '+36 hours'); header("Cache-Control: no-cache, must-revalidate"); header("Expires: ".date('U', strtotime(EXPIRATION_DATE))); ?> The http://www.site.com/generate.php?1234 will generate a unique link like page.php?key1234567890. This link page.php?key1234567890 will be sent by email to my user. Now how can I generate a link like this page.php?key1234567890&[email protected] ? So I think I must access the generator page like this generate.php?1234&[email protected] . P.S. This variable will be posted on the download page by "Hello, " I tried everthing to complete this, and no luck. Thanks in advance for help.

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how to recover lost partitions data

- by TheJoester

I have a 2TB SATA drive that was being used as file storage on my UBUNTU computer. I was re-imaging my windows box so I used that drive to back up some files to it. I did this by taking the drive from my windows PC and putting it in my UBUNTU PC, mounted it and copied the files over. After the windows refresh I thought it would be easier to take the 2 TB drive and dock it in the external dock my Windows case has built in. Anyway it would recognize in BIOS but windows would not see it (because it was EXT3 or EXT4) so when I went into the disk manager it advised me the drive needed to be initialized. Me not thinking I initialized it as a GUID Partition table. Now it sees it as a blank drive, even in UBUNTU. I have done nothing else to write or change the drive. I was wondering if there is a qay to repair the old partitioning and get access to my files back? many thanks! EDIT: I followed the instructions in the link @kniwor sent me. I used the command sudo gpart -W /dev/sda /dev/sda and here was the result: Guessed primary partition table: Primary partition(1) type: 007(0x07)(OS/2 HPFS, NTFS, QNX or Advanced UNIX) size: 0mb #s(1) s(2861671176-2861671176) chs: (1023/254/63)-(1023/254/63)d (178130/202/1)-(178130/202/1)r Primary partition(2) type: 007(0x07)(OS/2 HPFS, NTFS, QNX or Advanced UNIX) size: 0mb #s(1) s(3484550160-3484550160) chs: (1023/254/63)-(1023/254/63)d (216903/55/1)-(216903/55/1)r Primary partition(3) type: 000(0x00)(unused) size: 0mb #s(0) s(0-0) chs: (0/0/0)-(0/0/0)d (0/0/0)-(0/0/0)r Primary partition(4) type: 000(0x00)(unused) size: 0mb #s(0) s(0-0) chs: (0/0/0)-(0/0/0)d (0/0/0)-(0/0/0)r Not sure it found what I wanted. suggestions?

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What would be your thoughts in this situation?

- by craftsman

Imagine there's a businessman who has a solid internet idea. He hires you as his first employee and pays you well (also offers you shares if product generates revenue). You code the product for more than a year. But the product is not properly marketed and left almost unused. You get frustrated by loneliness and working endlessly on an unused product. You start applying at different companies. You don't get response from anyone. After a month, you realize that things are beginning to change. The businessman has started to give more attention to the product. You have defined a solid marketing plan with him. Things are almost sure to work. Suddenly one day, you get a call from a big company you yearned to work for. They invite you for an interview. If you respond to the interview and get the job, you will lose the chance to earn something from your one year hard-work. If you don't respond, you will obviously miss the chance to work in the big company. If your marketing doesn't work as well (you will know it in a couple of months), you will probably not get a chance in the big company again. What would be your decision?

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Compile time Meta-programming, with string literals.

- by Hassan Syed

I'm writing some code which could really do with some simple compile time metaprogramming. It is common practise to use empty-struct tags as compile time symbols. I need to decorate the tags with some run-time config elements. static variables seem the only way to go (to enable meta-programming), however static variables require global declarations. to side step this Scott Myers suggestion (from the third edition of Effective C++), about sequencing the initialization of static variables by declaring them inside a function instead of as class variables, came to mind. So I came up with the following code, my hypothesis is that it will let me have a compile-time symbols with string literals use-able at runtime. I'm not missing anything I hope. template<class Instance> class TheBestThing { public: void set_name(const char * name_in) { get_name() = std::string(name_in); } void set_fs_location(const char * fs_location_in) { get_fs_location() = std::string(fs_location_in); } std::string & get_fs_location() { static std::string fs_location; return fs_location; } std::string & get_name() { static std::string name; return name; } }; struct tag {}; int main() { TheBestThing<tag> x; x.set_name("xyz"); x.set_fs_location("/etc/lala"); ImportantObject<x> SinceSlicedBread; }

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Java Memory Model: reordering and concurrent locks

- by Steffen Heil

Hi The java meomry model mandates that synchronize blocks that synchronize on the same monitor enforce a before-after-realtion on the variables modified within those blocks. Example: // in thread A synchronized( lock ) { x = true; } // in thread B synchronized( lock ) { System.out.println( x ); } In this case it is garanteed that thread B will see x==true as long as thread A already passed that synchronized-block. Now I am in the process to rewrite lots of code to use the more flexible (and said to be faster) locks in java.util.concurrent, especially the ReentrantReadWriteLock. So the example looks like this: // in thread A synchronized( lock ) { lock.writeLock().lock(); x = true; lock.writeLock().unlock(); } // in thread B synchronized( lock ) { lock.readLock().lock(); System.out.println( x ); lock.readLock().unlock(); } However, I have not seen any hints within the memory model specification that such locks also imply the nessessary ordering. Looking into the implementation it seems to rely on the access to volatile variables inside AbstractQueuedSynchronizer (for the sun implementation at least). However this is not part of any specification and moreover access to non-volatile variables is not really condsidered covered by the memory barrier given by these variables, is it? So, here are my questions: Is it safe to assume the same ordering as with the "old" synchronized blocks? Is this documented somewhere? Is accessing any volatile variable a memory barrier for any other variable? Regards, Steffen

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How to implement Excel Solver functionality in C#?

- by Vic

Hi, I have an application in C#, I need to do some optimization calculations, like Excel Solver Add-in does, one option is certainly to write my own solver implementation, but I'm kind of short of time, so I'm looking into libraries that already exist that can help me with this. I've been trying the Microsoft Solver Foundation, which seems pretty neat and cool, the problem is that it doesn't seem to work with the kind of calculations that I need to do. At the end of this question I'm adding the information about the calculations I need to perform and optimize. So basically my question is if any of you know of any other library that I can use for this purpose, or any tutorial that can help to do my own solver, or any idea that gives me a lead to solve this issue. Thanks. Additional Info: This is the data I need to calculate: I have 7 variables, lets call them var1, var2,...,var7 The constraints for these variables are: All of them need to be 0 <= varn <= 0.5 (where n is the number of the variable) The sum of all the variables should be equal to 1 The objective is to maximize the target formula, which in Excel looks like this: (MMULT(TRANSPOSE(L26:L32),M14:M20)) / (SQRT(MMULT(MMULT(TRANSPOSE(L26:L32),M4:S10),L26:L32))) The range that you see in this formula, L26:L32, is actually the range with the variables from above, var1, var2,..., varn. M14:M20 and M4:S10 are ranges with data that I get from different sources, there are more likely decimal values. As I said before, I was using Microsoft Solver Foundation, I modeled pretty much everything with it, I created functions that handle the operations of the target formula, but when I tried to solve the model it always fail, I think it is because of the complexity of the operations. In any case, I just wanted to show these data so you can have an idea about the kind of calculations that I need to implement.

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Javascript scope chain

- by Geromey

Hi, I am trying to optimize my program. I think I understand the basics of closure. I am confused about the scope chain though. I know that in general you want a low scope (to access variables quickly). Say I have the following object: var my_object = (function(){ //private variables var a_private = 0; return{ //public //public variables a_public : 1, //public methods some_public : function(){ debugger; alert(this.a_public); alert(a_private); }; }; })(); My understanding is that if I am in the some_public method I can access the private variables faster than the public ones. Is this correct? My confusion comes with the scope level of this. When the code is stopped at debugger, firebug shows the public variable inside the this keyword. The this word is not inside a scope level. How fast is accessing this? Right now I am storing any this.properties as another local variable to avoid accessing it multiple times. Thanks very much!

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Drop Down Box and other stuff in ASP.NET with VB.NET (VS 2008)

- by typoknig

Hi all, I am trying to polish up a program a program that I have converted from a Windows Form in to an ASP.NET Web Application. I have several questions: 1.) I have a drop down box where users can select their variables, but users can also enter their variables manually into various text fields. What I want is for the drop down box to show a string like "Choose Variables" when ever the user enters their variables manually. I want this to happen without having to reload the page. 2.) In the Windows Form version of this application I had a RichTextBox that populated with data (line by line) after a calculation was made. I used "AppendText" in my Windows Form, but that is not available in ASP.NET, and neither is the RichTextBox. I am open to suggestions here, I tried to use just a text box but that isn't working right. 3.) In my Windows Form application I was using "KeyPress" events to prevent incorrect characters from being entered into the text fields. My code for these events looked similar to this: Private Sub TextBox_KeyPress(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.Windows.Forms.KeyPressEventArgs) Handles TextBox.KeyPress If (e.KeyChar < "0" OrElse e.KeyChar > "9") AndAlso e.KeyChar <> ControlChars.Back AndAlso e.KeyChar <> "." Then e.Handled = True End If End Sub How can I make this work again... also without reloading the page. 4.) This is not a major issue, but I would like all of the text to be selected when the cursor enters a field. In my Windows Form application I used "SelectAll", but again, that is not available in ASP.NET Thanks in advanced.

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How to set up django-admin.py on windos vista?

- by shin

I manage to install Django after some struggles by using setup.py install on Windows Vista Now I tried to use django-admin.py but it is not working. According to this document, http://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/django-admin/ The django-admin.py script should be on your system path if you installed Django via its setup.py utility. If it’s not on your path, ... For Windows users, who do not have symlinking functionality available, you can copy django-admin.py to a location on your existing path or edit the PATH settings (under Settings - Control Panel - System - Advanced - Environment...) to point to its installed location. I checked ComputerpropertiesEnvironment Variables, but path to django-admin.py is not in anywhere. So I added C:\Python25\Lib\site-packages\django\bin which is the folder of django-admin.py in User variables for shin Variable PATH, Value C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\;C:\Python25\Lib\site-packages\django\bin\ Am I supposed to add to System variables?? But it still does not work. Could anyone tell me how to add the Path in Environment Variables please? Thanks in advance.

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Truly declarative language?

- by gjvdkamp

Hi all, Does anyone know of a truly declarative language? The behaviour I'm looking for is kind of what Excel does, where I can define variables and formulas, and have the formula's result change when the input changes (without having set the answer again myself) The behaviour I'm looking for is best shown with this pseudo code: X = 10 // define and assign two variables Y = 20; Z = X + Y // declare a formula that uses these two variables X = 50 // change one of the input variables ?Z // asking for Z should now give 70 (50 + 20) I've tried this in a lot of languages like F#, python, matlab etc, but every time i try this they come up with 30 instead of 70. Wich is correct from an imperative point of view, but i'm looking for a more declerative behaviour if you know what i mean. And this is just a very simple calculation. When things get more difficult it should handle stuff like recursion and memoization automagically. The code below would obviously work in C# but it's just so much code for the job, i'm looking for something a bit more to the point without all that 'technical noise' class BlaBla{ public int X {get;set;} // this used to be even worse before 3.0 public int Y {get;set;} public int Z {get{return X + Y;}} } static void main(){ BlaBla bla = new BlaBla(); bla.X = 10; bla.Y = 20; // can't define anything here bla.X = 50; // bit pointless here but I'll do it anyway. Console.Writeline(bla.Z);// 70, hurray! } This just seems like so much code, curly braces and semicolons that add nothing. Is there a language/ application (apart from Exel) that does this? Maybe I'm no doing it right in the mentioned langauges, or I've completely missed an app that does just this. I prototyped a language/ application that does this (along with some other stuff) and am thinking of productizing it. I just can't believe it's not there yet. Don't want to waste my time. Thanks in advance, Gert-Jan

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