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  • permutation of array

    - by davit-datuashvili
    for example i have array int a[]=new int[]{3,4,6,2,1}; I need list of all permutation such that if one is like this, {3,2,1,4,6}, others must not be the same i know that if length of array=n then there is n! possible combination please help me to write this algortihm what to do?

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  • Enumerating large (20-digit) [probable] prime numbers

    - by Paul Baker
    Given A, on the order of 10^20, I'd like to quickly obtain a list of the first few prime numbers greater than A. OK, my needs aren't quite that exact - it's alright if occasionally a composite number ends up on the list. What's the fastest way to enumerate the (probable) primes greater than A? Is there a quicker way than stepping through all of the integers greater than A (other than obvious multiples of say, 2 and 3) and performing a primality test for each of them? If not, and the only method is to test each integer, what primality test should I be using?

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  • How do I recursively define a Hash in Ruby from supplied arguments?

    - by Sarah Beckham
    This snippet of code populates an @options hash. values is an Array which contains zero or more heterogeneous items. If you invoke populate with arguments that are Hash entries, it uses the value you specify for each entry to assume a default value. def populate(*args) args.each do |a| values = nil if (a.kind_of? Hash) # Converts {:k => "v"} to `a = :k, values = "v"` a, values = a.to_a.first end @options[:"#{a}"] ||= values ||= {} end end What I'd like to do is change populate such that it recursively populates @options. There is a special case: if the values it's about to populate a key with are an Array consisting entirely of (1) Symbols or (2) Hashes whose keys are Symbols (or some combination of the two), then they should be treated as subkeys rather than the values associated with that key, and the same logic used to evaluate the original populate arguments should be recursively re-applied. That was a little hard to put into words, so I've written some test cases. Here are some test cases and the expected value of @options afterwards: populate :a => @options is {:a => {}} populate :a => 42 => @options is {:a => 42} populate :a, :b, :c => @options is {:a => {}, :b => {}, :c => {}} populate :a, :b => "apples", :c => @options is {:a => {}, :b => "apples", :c => {}} populate :a => :b => @options is {:a => :b} # Because [:b] is an Array consisting entirely of Symbols or # Hashes whose keys are Symbols, we assume that :b is a subkey # of @options[:a], rather than the value for @options[:a]. populate :a => [:b] => @options is {:a => {:b => {}}} populate :a => [:b, :c => :d] => @options is {:a => {:b => {}, :c => :d}} populate :a => [:a, :b, :c] => @options is {:a => {:a => {}, :b => {}, :c => {}}} populate :a => [:a, :b, "c"] => @options is {:a => [:a, :b, "c"]} populate :a => [:one], :b => [:two, :three => "four"] => @options is {:a => :one, :b => {:two => {}, :three => "four"}} populate :a => [:one], :b => [:two => {:four => :five}, :three => "four"] => @options is {:a => :one, :b => { :two => { :four => :five } }, :three => "four" } } It is acceptable if the signature of populate needs to change to accommodate some kind of recursive version. There is no limit to the amount of nesting that could theoretically happen. Any thoughts on how I might pull this off?

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  • Calculate coordinates between startpoint and endpoint

    - by MikeB123
    Given.. 1 - The start-point GPS coordinates, 2 - The end-point GPS coordinates, 3 - The speed at which the object is travelling, 4 - Knowing that the trip trajectory will be a straight line... How can I calculate what my GPS coordinated will be in n minutes' time? That is to say, how can I calculate my position at a given time after the trip has started before the trip has ended?

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  • Lists Hash function

    - by John Retallack
    I'm trying to make a hash function so I can tell if too lists with same sizes contain the same elements. For exemple this is what I want: f((1 2 3))=f((1 3 2))=f((2 1 3))=f((2 3 1))=f((3 1 2))=f((3 2 1)). Any ideea how can I approch this problem ? I've tried doing the sum of squares of all elements but it turned out that there are collisions,for exemple f((2 2 5))=33=f((1 4 4)) which is wrong as the lists are not the same. I'm looking for a simple approach it there are any.

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  • Fast inter-process (inter-threaded) communications IPC on large multi-cpu system.

    - by IPC
    What would be the fastest portable bi-directional communication mechanism for inter-process communication where threads from one application need to communicate to multiple threads in another application on the same computer, and the communicating threads can be on different physical CPUs). I assume that it would involve a shared memory and a circular buffer and shared synchronization mechanisms. But shared mutexes are very expensive (and there are limited number of them too) to synchronize when threads are running on different physical CPUs.

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  • What is the best book for learning about Algorithms?

    - by sheats
    I know what algorithms are, but I have never consciously used or created one for any of the programming that I have done. So I'd like to get a book about the subject - I'd prefer if it was in python but that's not a strict requirement. What book about algorithms helped you most to understand, use, and create algorithms? One book per answer so they can be voted on...

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  • Finding the index of a given value in a pre-sorted array

    - by bobo
    Today, I went for an interview and the interviewer asked me how I would find the index of a given value (number) in a pre-sorted array like this: $preSortedArr=array(23,32,36,41,45,54); He also said that using recursion is not allowed. I think the function should look like this: function findIndexByValue($preSortedArray,$value){ //some codes here } What solution do you think he was expecting from me? EDIT: sorry, I forgot to add that, he originally asked me to write psuedo codes but I said I don't know. I tried to write in PHP, but I think he's expecting a language-independent solution.

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  • Enumerating combinations in a distributed manner

    - by Reyzooti
    I have a problem where I must analyse 500C5 combinations (255244687600) of something. Distributing it over a 10 node cluster where each cluster processes roughly 10^6 combinations per second means the job will be complete in about 7hours. The problem I have is distributing the 255244687600 combinations over the 10 nodes. I'd like to present each node with 25524468760, however the algorithms I'm using can only produce the combinations sequentially, I'd like to be able to pass the set of elements and a range of combination indicies eg: [0-10^7) or [10^7,2.0 10^7) etc and have the nodes themselves figure out the combinations. The algorithms I'm using at the moment are from the following: http://home.roadrunner.com/~hinnant/combinations.html A logical question I've considered using a master node, that enumerates each of the combinations and sends work to each of the nodes, however the overhead incurred in iterating the combinations from a single node and communicating back and forth work is enormous, and will subsequently lead to the master node becoming the bottleneck. Are there any good combination iterating algorithms geared up for efficient/optimal distributed enumeration?

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  • Problems with dynamic programming

    - by xan
    I've got difficulties with understanding dynamic programming, so I decided to solve some problems. I know basic dynamic algorithms like longest common subsequence, knapsack problem, but I know them because I read them, but I can't come up with something on my own :-( For example we have subsequence of natural numbers. Every number we can take with plus or minus. At the end we take absolute value of this sum. For every subsequence find the lowest possible result. in1: 10 3 5 4; out1: 2 in2: 4 11 5 5 5; out2: 0 in3: 10 50 60 65 90 100; out3: 5 explanation for 3rd: 5 = |10+50+60+65-90-100| what it worse my friend told me that it is simple knapsack problem, but I can't see any knapsack here. Is dynamic programming something difficult or only I have big problems with it?

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  • Sorting 1 million 8-digit numbers in 1MB of RAM

    - by Favourite Chigozie Onwuemene
    I have a computer with 1M of RAM and no other local storage. I must use it to accept 1 million 8-digit decimal numbers over a TCP connection, sort them, and then send the sorted list out over another TCP connection. The list of numbers may contain duplicates, which I must not discard. The code will be placed in ROM, so I need not subtract the size of my code from the 1M. I already have code to drive the ethernet port and handle TCP/IP connections, and it requires 2k for its state data, including a 1k buffer via which the code will read and write data. Is there a solution to this problem?

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  • Purpose of IF, ELSE, FOR macros ?

    - by psihodelia
    I have a source code of a library which has a lot of strange IF, ELSE, FOR, etc. macros for all common C-keywords instead of using just usual if,else,for,while keywords. These macros are defined like this: #define IF( a) if( increment_if(), a) where increment_if() function is defined so: static __inline void increment_if( void) { // If the "IF" operator comes just after an "ELSE", its counter // must not be incremented. ... //implementation } I don't really understand, what is the purpose of such macros? This library is for a real-time application and I suppose that using such macros must slow-down an application.

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  • How to Implement AutoSize

    - by TheCloudlessSky
    I'm trying to figure out a good way to auto-size a Rectangle that has text drawn inside of it. I basically want the size to have a ratio of width/height and then "grow" according to that ratio to fit the text. I've looked at Graphics.MeasureString but I don't think it does what I'm looking for (maybe it does and I'm just using it wrong). I don't want to specify a specific width of the rectangle to be drawn, instead I want to say find the smallest width/height to fit this text but the found rectangle must have some specific ratio of width and height. This doesn't have to be specific to C#, any idea for solving this problem I'm sure can be mapped to C#. Thanks!

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  • Fast ceiling of an integer division in C / C++

    - by andand
    Given integer values x and y, C and C++ returns as the quotient q = x/y the floor of the floating point valued equivalent. I'm interestd in a method of returning the ceiling instead? For example, ceil(10/5) = 2 and ceil(11/5) = 3. The obvious approach involves something like: q = x / y; if (q * y < x) ++q; This requires an extra comparison and multiplication; and other methods I've seen (used in fact) involve casting as a float or double. Is there a more direct method that avoids the additional multiplication (or a second division) and branch, and that also avoids casting as a floating point number?

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  • How does the Ableton warp algorithm work exactly?

    - by pepperdreamteam
    I'm looking for any documentation or definitive information on Ableton's warp feature. I understand that it has something to do with finding transients, aligning them with an even rhythm and shifting audio samples accordingly. I'm hoping to find ways to approximate warping with more basic audio editing tools. I understand that this is ableton's unique device, really any information about how it works would be helpful. So...does anyone have any 411?

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  • Are there any well-known algorithms or computer models that computer scientists use to predict FIFA

    - by Khnle
    Occasionally I read news articles that mention about some computer models that computer scientists use to predict winners of some sporting events or the odds for betting which I think there must be a mathematical model behind it. I never bothered to think twice even though I am a "pseudo computer scientist" myself. With the 2010 FIFA World Cup just underway, and since I am also a "pseudo football/soccer player" myself, I just started to wonder about these calculations algorithms. For example, I know one factor is determining the strength of opponents, so that a win against a strong opponent can count more than a win against a weak opponent. But it now kind of gets in a circular loop, or at least how does one determine the strength of a team in the first place, before that team can be considered strong or weak? If it's based on a historical data then there's no way that could be accurate, because those players of the past are no longer on the fields so their impact is none (except maybe if they become coaches like Maradona) Anyway, long question short, if you're happen to be working in this field or have some knowledge, please shed some lights.

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  • Porting Python algorithm to C++ - different solution

    - by cb0
    Hello, I have written a little brute string generation script in python to generate all possible combinations of an alphabet within a given length. It works quite nice, but for the reason I wan't it to be faster I try to port it to C++. The problem is that my C++ Code is creating far too much combination for one word. Heres my example in python: ./test.py gives me aaa aab aac aad aa aba .... while ./test (the c++ programm gives me) aaa aaa aaa aaa aa Here I also get all possible combinations, but I get them twice ore more often. Here is the Code for both programms: #!/usr/bin/env python import sys #Brute String Generator #Start it with ./brutestringer.py 4 6 "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz1234567890" "" #will produce all strings with length 4 to 6 and chars from a to z and numbers 0 to 9 def rec(w, p, baseString): for c in "abcd": if (p<w - 1): rec(w, p + 1, baseString + "%c" % c) print baseString for b in range(3,4): rec(b, 0, "") And here the C++ Code #include <iostream> using namespace std; string chars="abcd"; void rec(int w,int b,string p){ unsigned int i; for(i=0;i<chars.size();i++){ if(b < (w-1)){ rec(w, (b+1), p+chars[i]); } cout << p << "\n"; } } int main () { int a=3, b=0; rec (a+1,b, ""); return 0; } Does anybody see my fault ? I don't have much experience with C++. Thanks indeed

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  • How to generate a LONG guid?

    - by Ron
    I would like to generate a long UUID - something like the session key used by gmail. It should be at least 256 chars and no more than 512. It can contain all alpha-numeric chars and a few special chars (the ones below the function keys on the keyboard). Has this been done already or is there a sample out there? C++ or C#

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  • 3-clique counting in a graph

    - by Legend
    I am operating on a (not so) large graph having about 380K edges. I wrote a program to count the number of 3-cliques in the graph. A quick example: List of edges: A - B B - C C - A C - D List of cliques: A - B - C A 3-clique is nothing but a triangle in a graph. Currently, I am doing this using PHP+MySQL. As expected, it is not fast enough. Is there a way to do this in pure MySQL? (perhaps a way to insert all 3-cliques into a table?)

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  • skipping certain number of frames on a timeline

    - by clamp
    hi, i have a mathematical problem which is a bit hard to describe, but i'll give it a try anyway. in a timeline, i have a number of frames, of which i want to skip a certain number of frames, which should be evenly distributed along the timeline. for example i have 10 frames and i want to skip 5, then the solution is easy: we skip every second frame. 10/5 = 2 if (frame%2 == 0) skip(); but what if the above division does result in a floating number? for example in 44 frames i want to skip 15 times. how can i determine the 15 frames which should be skipped? thanks!

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  • How can I represent a line of music notes in a way that allows fast insertion at any index?

    - by chairbender
    For "fun", and to learn functional programming, I'm developing a program in Clojure that does algorithmic composition using ideas from this theory of music called "Westergaardian Theory". It generates lines of music (where a line is just a single staff consisting of a sequence of notes, each with pitches and durations). It basically works like this: Start with a line consisting of three notes (the specifics of how these are chosen are not important). Randomly perform one of several "operations" on this line. The operation picks randomly from all pairs of adjacent notes that meet a certain criteria (for each pair, the criteria only depends on the pair and is independent of the other notes in the line). It inserts 1 or several notes (depending on the operation) between the chosen pair. Each operation has its own unique criteria. Continue randomly performing these operations on the line until the line is the desired length. The issue I've run into is that my implementation of this is quite slow, and I suspect it could be made faster. I'm new to Clojure and functional programming in general (though I'm experienced with OO), so I'm hoping someone with more experience can point out if I'm not thinking in a functional paradigm or missing out on some FP technique. My current implementation is that each line is a vector containing maps. Each map has a :note and a :dur. :note's value is a keyword representing a musical note like :A4 or :C#3. :dur's value is a fraction, representing the duration of the note (1 is a whole note, 1/4 is a quarter note, etc...). So, for example, a line representing the C major scale starting on C3 would look like this: [ {:note :C3 :dur 1} {:note :D3 :dur 1} {:note :E3 :dur 1} {:note :F3 :dur 1} {:note :G3 :dur 1} {:note :A4 :dur 1} {:note :B4 :dur 1} ] This is a problematic representation because there's not really a quick way to insert into an arbitrary index of a vector. But insertion is the most frequently performed operation on these lines. My current terrible function for inserting notes into a line basically splits the vector using subvec at the point of insertion, uses conj to join the first part + notes + last part, then uses flatten and vec to make them all be in a one-dimensional vector. For example if I want to insert C3 and D3 into the the C major scale at index 3 (where the F3 is), it would do this (I'll use the note name in place of the :note and :dur maps): (conj [C3 D3 E3] [C3 D3] [F3 G3 A4 B4]), which creates [C3 D3 E3 [C3 D3] [F3 G3 A4 B4]] (vec (flatten previous-vector)) which gives [C3 D3 E3 C3 D3 F3 G3 A4 B4] The run time of that is O(n), AFAIK. I'm looking for a way to make this insertion faster. I've searched for information on Clojure data structures that have fast insertion but haven't found anything that would work. I found "finger trees" but they only allow fast insertion at the start or end of the list. Edit: I split this into two questions. The other part is here.

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  • views count calculation

    - by Alexey Poimtsev
    Hi, could you give me idea how to calculate unique views of page? If i will increase counter on each page load it will be no good, otherside storing information of viewed pages in session looks like not ideal solution.

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