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  • How does a web server/the http protocol handle version control and compression?

    - by Sune Rasmussen
    When a client browser requests a file from the web server, I know that some kind of check is performed, because the files needed to serve the web page may already be cached by the web browser. So, if a file exists in the cache, no files are sent. But if the file on the server has changed since the file was cached in the browser, the file is sent and updated anyhow. Then, if you have compression like gzipping enabled on the server, the files that are to be provided to the client must be gzipped on the way, requiring some amount of server side processing. But how is this managed? The logical approach seems to me, that the web server should have a cache as well, containing the newest version of all files that have been requested within a certain time span, thus a compressed version of these files, so that compression would not have to be done each time a files is requested. And also, how are files eventually requested? Does the browser ask for files, each time it encounters one in the HTML code and the specific file is not stored in the local cache, or does it sum all the files that are needed up and ask for the whole bunch at the same time? But that's only guessing from a programming point of view, and I don't really know. If the answers are very different among web server systems, I'm primarily interested in Apache, but other answers are appreciated, too.

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  • Christian Radio Locator iPhone app

    - by Tim Hibbard
    For the last three months or so I've been working on an iPhone (and iPad) app in my spare time. It all started when I took the kids to Minneapolis and had a hard time finding radio stations to listen to on the trip. I looked in the App Store for an app that would use my GPS to show me Christian radio stations nearby, but there wasn't one. So I decided to build my own. Using public information from the FCC and a few other sources, I built a database in Google docs that contains the frequency for all Christian radio stations, where the tower is located and how far the tower can reach. I also included any streaming audio information and other contact information like Facebook or Twitter that I could find. Google spreadsheets publish in JSON format (yes, really) and Xcode can automatically deserialize JSON into a properly formatted entity. This is one area that Xcode is far superior to C#. In a just a few lines of code, I can have a list of in-memory strongly typed objects from a web-based JSON feed. To accomplish the same thing natively in .NET would be much more work and wouldn't feel nearly as clean when it was said and done. The snazzy icon shown above was built by my very talented wife. She hasn't yet provided any feedback on the app's user interface, which is why it is so plain and boring. I used a navigation view controller and EGO pull to refresh table view to construct the main window. Pulling down to refresh initiates a GPS lookup, which queries the database for radio stations in range (yes, you can pass parameters to Google spreadsheets and get a subset back in JSON). Pulling up on the table extends the range of the search and includes stations that may not be close enough to get clear audio. This feature is not that intuitive and the next version contains an update to that functionality. Tapping a cell will show a detail view that displays additional information about the station. The user can click to view the station on a map, click to listen to an online stream (if available) or click to see the station's Facebook or Twitter pages. Swiping back and forth on the table changes the information that is displayed on the right hand side of the table cell. It scrolls through the city where the tower is located, how far the phone is from the tower, the range of the tower and in the next version a signal strength indicator. This was pretty easy to implement once I figured out how to assign the gesture recognizer delegate.  Tapping and holding on a cell will jump the user to the map view screen. Which is pretty cool, but very hard for even a power user to discover. To tackle the issue of discoverability, the next version has a series of instructions displayed at the bottom of the screen to show the user the various shortcuts. Once the user has performed the swipes and long holds, the instructions disappear. I've learned a lot developing this app. Spending over a decade exclusively in .NET made the learning curve a bit steep, but once I learned the structure and syntax of Objective-C, I've learned to appreciate the power and simplicity of it. Here are a few screenshots. I would really appreciate any feedback and especially iTunes reviews. Technically it is open source and a smart googler could probably find it. I just haven't promoted it as open source.     Cross posted from timhibbard.com

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  • Managing User & Role Security with Oracle SQL Developer

    - by thatjeffsmith
    With the advent of SQL Developer v3.0, users have had access to some powerful database administration features. Version 3.1 introduced more powerful features such as an interface to Data Pump and RMAN. Today I want to talk about some very simple but frequently ran tasks that SQL Developer can assist with, like: identifying privs granted to users managing role privs assigning new roles and privs to users & roles Before getting started, you’ll need a connection to the database with the proper privileges. The common ROLE used to accomplish this is the ‘DBA‘ role. Curious as to what the DBA role is actually comprised of? Let’s find out! Open the DBA Console First make sure you’re connected to the database you want to manage security on with a privileged administrator account. Then open the View menu and select ‘DBA.’ Accessing the DBA panel ‘Create’ a Connection Click on the green ‘+’ button in the DBA panel. It will ask you to choose a previously defined SQL Developer connection. Defining a DBA connection in Oracle SQL Developer Once connected you will see a tree list of DBA features you can start interacting with. Expand the ‘Security’ Tree Node As you click on an object in the DBA panel, the ‘viewer’ will open on the right-hand-side, just like you are accustomed to seeing when clicking on a table or stored procedure. Accessing the DBA role If I’m a newly hired Oracle DBA, the first thing I might want to do is become very familiar with the DBA role. People will be asking you to grant them this role or a subset of its privileges. Once you see what the role can do, you will become VERY protective of it. My favorite 3-letter 4-letter word is ‘ANY’ and the DBA role is littered with privileges like this: ANY TABLE privs granted to DBA role So if this doesn’t freak you out, then maybe you should re-consider your career path. Or in other words, don’t be granting this role to ANYONE you don’t completely trust to take care of your database. If I’m just assigned a new database to manage, the first thing I might want to look at is just WHO has been assigned the DBA role. SQL Developer makes this easy to ascertain, just click on the ‘User Grantees’ panel. Who has the keys to your car? Making Changes to Roles and Users If you mouse-right-click on a user in the Tree, you can do individual tasks like grant a sys priv or expire an account. But, you can also use the ‘Edit User’ dialog to do a lot of work in one pass. As you click through options in these dialogs, it will build the ‘ALTER USER’ script in the SQL panel, which can then be executed or copied to the worksheet or to your .SQL file to be ran at your discretion. A Few Clicks vs a Lot of Typing These dialogs won’t make you a DBA, but if you’re pressed for time and you’re already in SQL Developer, they can sure help you make up for lost time in just a few clicks!

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  • Linux Distro for Beginners

    - by XLR3204S
    Well... I know that's the question arising all over the Internet, but I couldn't find an answer to suit me after googling for quite some time. I'd like to get a Linux distribution, and start learning using the CLI. I'm looking for a distribution already having GNOME installed, as I'll be using Linux-Command.org as my learning resource, and I'm not very familiar with CLI-based web browsers. I'd mainly like to get to know my way around a UNIX-based system, and then I think I'd like to pick up a CLI-only distribution, and start doing more complex stuff. I've tried Ubuntu, Fedora Core, OpenSolaris and FreeBSD (the last two aren't linux distros, I know). Ubuntu and FC are fine, they do come with Firefox, but I'm not really sure they're meant for learning purposes. OpenSolaris was OK as well, but I haven't got to play with it enough. FreeBSD 7.2 did not want to install itself on my 13" MacBook Pro, it generated a kernel panic everytime while copying the files to the disk. So to sum this up, I'm trying to learn Linux, and I'm willing to invest time into this (that is, not giving up when the first problems arise). I also have intermediate knowledge of C++, if it helps, and I'm also using the CLI-vim to write small C++ CLI-based programs, so text editing should be any problem. And... speaking of Macs, how am I going to be limited if I try to learn how to use UNIX-based systems using the OS X Terminal? It uses bash 3.2, isn't this the same shell as the one found on most of the Linux machines? How does the fact that OS X is based on FreeBSD 4.4, if I'm not mistaking, affect this? Thanks in advance, and hopefully, I'll have a starting point ASAP.

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  • Advice needed: ADSL and VPN for a small company

    - by Saajid Ismail
    Hi. I need advice on purchasing an ADSL modem/router for a small company. At the moment, we are using the iBurst Wireless service for internet connectivity. I have the iBurst desktop modem, which connects to my Netgear WNR2000 router via ethernet. I am using the Netgear WNR2000 to deploy a wireless network as well. I have also set up a VPN using Windows Server 2003, and enabled the VPN Passthrough settings on the Netgear router. I am able to connect to the office network remotely without difficulty. However the problem that I've read is that the Netgear WNR2000 only supports VPN passthrough for a single session. This is simply not good enough. I need to be able to support at least 3 concurrent VPN connections immediately, and up to 5 in the near future. Now I am cancelling my iBurst Wireless service and have just got my ADSL line installed. I have to purchase an ADSL modem, and now is a good time to think of future proofing my investment. I need a good ADSL modem, that will allow me to support at least 5 concurrent VPN connections, or more, without breaking the bank. My budget is about 150-200 USD. I believe that my current Netgear WNR2000 router will be useless, except maybe to extend my wireless network in the future by a bit. Is there a solution where I can still use my Netgear WNR2000 for WiFi, for e.g., by connecting a cheaper non-WiFi ADSL modem to the Netgear router? If not, then which WiFi-enabled ADSL modem/router that supports at least 5 VPN passthroughs can you recommend? To sum it up, I need an ADSL modem/router that is: ADSL & ADSL2+ compatible has built-in 802.11n 270/300mbps WiFi (if having this feature doesn't push the price up too much) supports at least 5 VPN connections using VPN passthrough EDIT: Answer 2.10 in the following FAQ has me a bit worried - What is VPN/multiple VPN Pass-through?

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  • Delegation of Solaris Zone Administration

    - by darrenm
    In Solaris 11 'Zone Delegation' is a built in feature. The Zones system now uses finegrained RBAC authorisations to allow delegation of management of distinct zones, rather than all zones which is what the 'Zone Management' RBAC profile did in Solaris 10.The data for this can be stored with the Zone or you could also create RBAC profiles (that can even be stored in NIS or LDAP) for granting access to specific lists of Zones to administrators.For example lets say we have zones named zoneA through zoneF and we have three admins alice, bob, carl.  We want to grant a subset of the zone management to each of them.We could do that either by adding the admin resource to the appropriate zones via zonecfg(1M) or we could do something like this with RBAC data directly: First lets look at an example of storing the data with the zone. # zonecfg -z zoneA zonecfg:zoneA> add admin zonecfg:zoneA> set user=alice zonecfg:zoneA> set auths=manage zonecfg:zoneA> end zonecfg:zoneA> commit zonecfg:zoneA> exit Now lets look at the alternate method of storing this directly in the RBAC database, but we will show all our admins and zones for this example: # usermod -P +Zone Management -A +solaris.zone.manage/zoneA alice # usermod -A +solaris.zone.login/zoneB alice # usermod -P +Zone Management-A +solaris.zone.manage/zoneB bob # usermod -A +solaris.zone.manage/zoneC bob # usermod -P +Zone Management-A +solaris.zone.manage/zoneC carl # usermod -A +solaris.zone.manage/zoneD carl # usermod -A +solaris.zone.manage/zoneE carl # usermod -A +solaris.zone.manage/zoneF carl In the above alice can only manage zoneA, bob can manage zoneB and zoneC and carl can manage zoneC through zoneF.  The user alice can also login on the console to zoneB but she can't do the operations that require the solaris.zone.manage authorisation on it.Or if you have a large number of zones and/or admins or you just want to provide a layer of abstraction you can collect the authorisation lists into an RBAC profile and grant that to the admins, for example lets great an RBAC profile for the things that alice and carl can do. # profiles -p 'Zone Group 1' profiles:Zone Group 1> set desc="Zone Group 1" profiles:Zone Group 1> add profile="Zone Management" profiles:Zone Group 1> add auths=solaris.zone.manage/zoneA profiles:Zone Group 1> add auths=solaris.zone.login/zoneB profiles:Zone Group 1> commit profiles:Zone Group 1> exit # profiles -p 'Zone Group 3' profiles:Zone Group 1> set desc="Zone Group 3" profiles:Zone Group 1> add profile="Zone Management" profiles:Zone Group 1> add auths=solaris.zone.manage/zoneD profiles:Zone Group 1> add auths=solaris.zone.manage/zoneE profiles:Zone Group 1> add auths=solaris.zone.manage/zoneF profiles:Zone Group 1> commit profiles:Zone Group 1> exit Now instead of granting carl  and aliace the 'Zone Management' profile and the authorisations directly we can just give them the appropriate profile. # usermod -P +'Zone Group 3' carl # usermod -P +'Zone Group 1' alice If we wanted to store the profile data and the profiles granted to the users in LDAP just add '-S ldap' to the profiles and usermod commands. For a documentation overview see the description of the "admin" resource in zonecfg(1M), profiles(1) and usermod(1M)

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  • Windows 7: Touch gestures in IE not working without explorer.exe being run once

    - by Michael
    Details: Internet Explorer 9 and Windows 7 Professional, running on a HP TouchSmart (touch screen PC). It is going to be a kiosk PC (running a custom GUI for displaying websites). Scenario 1: When running Internet Explorer as a normal program in Windows 7, touch functions work perfectly. I can scroll the website by dragging it with my finger, I can pinch zoom and I can touch-and-hold right click. I now change the default shell in Windows to Internet Explorer (ie. IE starts instead of explorer.exe). Internet Explorer of course starts up when logging in. However, touch functions are reduced to basic clicking (no dragging, no pinch zooming, no touch-and-hold right click). Then I manually start explorer.exe, and the touch functions work again! And here is the weird part: When I kill explorer.exe, the touch functions keeps working - even if I close IE and start a new instance. Scenario 2: The exact same, but instead of changing the default shell to Internet Explorer, I change it to my own program, which uses an embedded Internet Explorer ("WebBrowser"). Same thing happens. What I've tried: Autorun programs: When explorer.exe launches, it launches all the autorun programs. There are no relevant programs being run by explorer, but just in case, I have manually started all the autorun programs, so that it is identical (but without explorer.exe) to a normal login. It still does not work (until I launch explorer.exe). Specifically TabTip.exe, TabTip32.exe and wisptis.exe are all running. All services are also started. To sum it up Running explorer.exe once changes something in the touch capabilities of Internet Explorer. It doesn't matter if explorer.exe is running - as long as it has been run once. Does anyone know what causes this behavior? Or how I can circumvent it neatly? Thanks!

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  • A SharePoint Developer&rsquo;s Toolchest

    - by Sahil Malik
    Ad:: SharePoint 2007 Training in .NET 3.5 technologies (more information). When we develop for SharePoint, we end up using many tools, third party or Microsoft, to facilitate our development. What are some of your favorite tools? Mine are as below - 1. Reflector: When I saw reflector, I was pretty convinced that a tool better and more useful than it doesn’t exist. Well I was wrong! Redgate took over reflector and they still offer it as a free version, but they have a paid version called reflector pro. It lets you debug third party source code, as if you had the source code. Brilliant! Who needs documentation anymore when you have real code? 2. ULS Viewer: It is no secret, reading ULS logs is a pain in the rear. Well, not so with ULS Viewer, which does work with SharePoint 2007 as well. But it’s just way cooler with SharePoint 2010. You know when you get an error in SharePoint 2010 it shows you an error like as below: Well, the ULS Viewer will allow you to set filtering critereon, allowing you to immediately zero in, into an error, across multiple WFEs even. Also there are numerous other facilities built into the tool, such as advanced filtering, critical error notifications, etc. A must have! You can read the documentation of the ULSViewer here. 3. SPDisposeCheck: Did you know that the MySite object is strange? What is strange about it? That you have to dispose it even if you didn’t create it!? Well who the hell remembers all that! Honestly I do! And you should too. But there is a tool to help you sanitize your code. And that is SPDisposeCheck. You run it against your DLL or EXE, and it will give you suggestions on where you might have missed calling dispose on an object. You still have to use your head, but having this tool helps. 4. DebugView: Debugging for SharePoint can be difficult sometimes. Sometimes your breakpoints don’t get hit. And while you can try and make them hit, it is sometimes easier to just write a bunch of Debug.WriteLines, and catch them from an external application such as DebugView. You simply use your code, and DebugView will catch all the Debug.WriteLine’s in your code like this - 5. BGInfo: One annoying thing about SharePoint projects, it causes the number of servers to multiply like bunnies. As I’m RDP’ing into many computers trying to diagnose a crazy issue, sometimes it becomes hard to remember which machine is which. BGInfo puts all that on the wallpaper, alongwith a bunch of other useful info. A bit like this - 5. WSPBuilder: SharePoint 2007 only, but I think there maybe a version for SP2010 coming later. I think the VS2010 tools for SP2010 development are quite nice, so WSPBuilder, well so far I don’t miss it. But lets see what WSPBuilder for 2010 brings – I haven’t seen it yet. However, I want to confidently assert that WSPBuilder for SP2007 is simply awesome. 6. SharePoint Manager: The SharePoint Manager 2010 is a SharePoint object model explorer. It enables you to browse every site on the local farm and view every property. It also enables you to change the properties. The VS2010 dev tools now include a server explorer, which show you a subset of properties in read-only. I would LOVE to see SharePoint manager like functionality built into VS2010. SharePoint Manager, a total must-have. Comment on the article ....

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  • WEB203 &ndash; Jump into Silverlight!&hellip; and Become Effective Immediately with Tim Huckaby, Fou

    - by Robert Burger
    Getting ready for the good stuff. Definitely wish there were more Silverlight and WCF RIA sessions, but this is a start.  Was lucky to get a coveted power-enabled seat.  Luckily, due to my trustily slow Verizon data card, I can get these notes out amidst a total Internet outage here.  This is the second breakout session of the day, and is by far standing-room only.  I stepped out before the session started to get a cool Diet COKE and wouldn’t have gotten back in if I didn’t already have a seat. Tim says this is an intro session and that he’s been begging for intro sessions at TechEd for years and that by looking at this audience, he thinks the demand is there.  Admittedly, I didn’t know this was an intro session, or I might have gone elsewhere.  But, it was the very first Silverlight session, so I had to be here. Tim says he will be providing a very good comprehensive reference application at the end of the presentation.  He has just demoed it, and it is a full CRUD-based Sales Manager application based on…  AdventureWorks! Session Agenda What it is / How to get started Declarative Programming Layout and Controls, Events and Commands Working with Data Adding Style to Your Application   Silverlight…  “WPF Light” Why is the download 4.2MB?  Because the direct competitor is a 4.2MB download.  There is no technical reason it is not the entire framework.  It is purely to “be competitive”.   Getting Started Get all of the following downloads from www.silverlight.net/getstarted Install VS2010 or Visual Web Developer Express 2010 Install Silverlight 4 Tools for VS2010 Install Expression Blend 4 Install the Silverlight 4 Toolkit   Reference Application Features Uses MVVM pattern – a way to move data access code that would normally be inline within the UI and placing it in nice data access libraries Images loaded dynamically from the database, converting GIF to PNG because Silverlight does not support GIF. LINQ to SQL is the data access model WCF is the data provider and is using binary message encoding   Declarative Programming XAML replaces code for UI representation Attributes control Layout and Style Event handlers wired-up in XAML Declarative Data Binding   Layout Overview Content rendering flows inside of parent Fixed positioning (Canvas) is seldom used Panels are used to house content Margins and Padding over fixed size   Panels StackPanel – Arranges child elements into a single line oriented horizontally or vertically Grid – A flexible grid are that consists of rows and columns Canvas – An are where positions are specifically fixed WrapPanel (in Toolkit) – Positions child elements in sequential position left to right and top to bottom. DockPanel (in Toolkit) – Positions child controls within a dockable area   Positioning Horizontal and Vertical Alignment Margin – Separates an element from neighboring elements Padding – Enlarges the effective size of an element by a thickness   Controls Overview Not all controls created equal Silverlight, as a subset of WPF, so many WPF controls do not exist in the core Siverlight release Silverlight Toolkit continues to add controls, but are released in different quality bands Plenty of good 3rd party controls to fill the gaps Windows Phone 7 is to have 95% of controls available in Silverlight Core and Toolkit.   Events and Commands Standard .NET Events Routed Events Commands – based on the ICommand interface – logical action that can be invoked in several ways   Adding Style to Your Application Resource Dictionaries – Contains a hash table of key/value pairs.  Silverlight can only use Static Resources whereas WPF can also use Dynamic Resources Visual State Manager Silverlight 4 supports Implicit styles ResourceDictionary.MergedDictionaries combines many different file-based resources   Downloads

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  • mod_wsgi, .htaccess and rewriterule

    - by hadaraz
    I'm using several django projects running on the same apache instance through mod_wsgi, configured with virtualhost for each site, see the httpd.conf here. For one of the sites I want to use static-cache (staticgenerator), so I set up a directory with .htaccess file which contains: RequestHeader unset X-Forwarded-Host RewriteEngine on RewriteBase / RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME}/index.html !-f RewriteRule ^(.*) http://127.0.0.1:3456/$1 [P] where 3456 is the django port on the server. Using this rewrite rule, the request is always forwarded to the mod_wsgi handler, even if the file or directory exists, and if the file index.html exists the request shows as request-path/index.html. I tried another setup: RequestHeader unset X-Forwarded-Host RewriteEngine on RewriteBase / RewriteCond $1 !-d RewriteCond $1index.html !-f RewriteRule ^(.*) http://127.0.0.1:3456/$1 [P] but got almost the same results. All requests are transferred to the mod_wsgi handler, but the request path is now the original one. To sum it up: What is the correct RewriteCond to use here? How do you transfer a request to the mod_wsgi handler? Is it the right way? If that's not the way to do it, then how do you serve static files from a directory when they exist, and when they don't you serve from apache/mode_wsgi? Thanks for your help.

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  • Inexpensive, simple screen recording application for mac

    - by donut
    I am more and more consistently running into the need to create screencasts (record my screen) for clients to show them how to use programs or websites. Up until now I've been using Jing and it's been wonderful. But I would like something that can give me something less annoying than a .swf. A .mov or, best of all, something that plays without fuss on Mac and Windows. Also, the 5-minute limit is annoying, but not show stopping. Basically, I'd like to be able to actually give them the file on a CD or something instead of relying on whatever host I use staying up for eternity. To sum up, here's what I require: Record a portion or all of the screen. Records audio from mic while recording screen. Exports files easily playable on Mac and Windows (requiring Quicktime is okay, but not ideal) Will work on Mac OS 10.5+ Allows recording videos of at least 5 minutes. Text in recorded videos is easily readable when exported. Bonuses points for: Records videos greater than 5 minutes Exported videos will work in Windows Media player without any fuss. I haven't upgraded to Snow Leopard yet but I know it has some screen recording stuff built in but I don't know if it would be sufficient or not. The reason I say, "simple" is because most of the applications I've seen do much more than I need (I mean, Jing is nearly perfect for my needs) and cost more than I would like to spend.

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  • What's hogging my CPU?

    - by endolith
    Ubuntu's System Monitor applet shows 100% CPU usage continuously. If I click it, the resources tab shows it at 100% continuously, too. If I go to processes, though, to find out which process is the culprit, there is nothing above 10%. If I run top there is nothing above 10%. I try killing lots of things, but it continues at 100%. How can I find out what's hogging the CPU? This is an unusual situation on a computer I use daily, that normally only hits 100% CPU when I'm doing something that requires it (like loading 32 Firefox tabs) after which it goes back to a normal idle level. It's not a new install or anything. It shouldn't be maxed out. I'm not sure when it started or if I changed something that caused it to happen. Normally I would use top or System Monitor and find the process that had gone out of control, but I can't find anything with those tools this time. It persists after reboots and everything. And the processor is obviously hot, so it's not an erroneous reading. Update: I tried killing any process I saw active again, and killing vino-server finally fixed the problem, even though it never went above 5%. I had enabled Remote Desktop a few days ago (and have obviously now disabled it). How did it manage to use 100% CPU while top only showed it as 5% or so? How do I identify the culprit in the future? Looks like I'm not the only one: Still a problem in both jaunty & karmic. Interestingly, both System Monitor & htop do not show the sum of individual processes being anywhere near 100% cpu.

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  • How Exactly Is One Linux OS “Based On” Another Linux OS?

    - by Jason Fitzpatrick
    When reviewing different flavors of Linux, you’ll frequently come across phrases like “Ubuntu is based on Debian” but what exactly does that mean? Today’s Question & Answer session comes to us courtesy of SuperUser—a subdivision of Stack Exchange, a community-driven grouping of Q&A web sites. The Question SuperUser reader PLPiper is trying to get a handle on how Linux variants work: I’ve been looking through quite a number of Linux distros recently to get an idea of what’s around, and one phrase that keeps coming up is that “[this OS] is based on [another OS]“. For example: Fedora is based on Red Hat Ubuntu is based on Debian Linux Mint is based on Ubuntu For someone coming from a Mac environment I understand how “OS X is based on Darwin”, however when I look at Linux Distros, I find myself asking “Aren’t they all based on Linux..?” In this context, what exactly does it mean for one Linux OS to be based on another Linux OS? So, what exactly does it mean when we talk about one version of Linux being based off another version? The Answer SuperUser contributor kostix offers a solid overview of the whole system: Linux is a kernel — a (complex) piece of software which works with the hardware and exports a certain Application Programming Interface (API), and binary conventions on how to precisely use it (Application Binary Interface, ABI) available to the “user-space” applications. Debian, RedHat and others are operating systems — complete software environments which consist of the kernel and a set of user-space programs which make the computer useful as they perform sensible tasks (sending/receiving mail, allowing you to browse the Internet, driving a robot etc). Now each such OS, while providing mostly the same software (there are not so many free mail server programs or Internet browsers or desktop environments, for example) differ in approaches to do this and also in their stated goals and release cycles. Quite typically these OSes are called “distributions”. This is, IMO, a somewhat wrong term stemming from the fact you’re technically able to build all the required software by hand and install it on a target machine, so these OSes distribute the packaged software so you either don’t need to build it (Debian, RedHat) or they facilitate such building (Gentoo). They also usually provide an installer which helps to install the OS onto a target machine. Making and supporting an OS is a very complicated task requiring a complex and intricate infrastructure (upload queues, build servers, a bug tracker, and archive servers, mailing list software etc etc etc) and staff. This obviously raises a high barrier for creating a new, from-scratch OS. For instance, Debian provides ca. 37k packages for some five hardware architectures — go figure how much work is put into supporting this stuff. Still, if someone thinks they need to create a new OS for whatever reason, it may be a good idea to use an existing foundation to build on. And this is exactly where OSes based on other OSes come into existence. For instance, Ubuntu builds upon Debian by just importing most packages from it and repackaging only a small subset of them, plus packaging their own, providing their own artwork, default settings, documentation etc. Note that there are variations to this “based on” thing. For instance, Debian fosters the creation of “pure blends” of itself: distributions which use Debian rather directly, and just add a bunch of packages and other stuff only useful for rather small groups of users such as those working in education or medicine or music industry etc. Another twist is that not all these OSes are based on Linux. For instance, Debian also provide FreeBSD and Hurd kernels. They have quite tiny user groups but anyway. Have something to add to the explanation? Sound off in the the comments. Want to read more answers from other tech-savvy Stack Exchange users? Check out the full discussion thread here.     

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  • MySQL for Excel 1.3.0 Beta has been released

    - by Javier Treviño
    The MySQL Windows Experience Team is proud to announce the release of MySQL for Excel version 1.3.0.  This is a beta release for 1.3.x. MySQL for Excel is an application plug-in enabling data analysts to very easily access and manipulate MySQL data within Microsoft Excel. It enables you to directly work with a MySQL database from within Microsoft Excel so you can easily do tasks such as: Importing MySQL data into Excel Exporting Excel data directly into MySQL to a new or existing table Editing MySQL data directly within Excel As this is a beta version the MySQL for Excel product can be downloaded only by using the product standalone installer at this link http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/windows/excel/ Your feedback on this beta version is very well appreciated, you can raise bugs on the MySQL bugs page or give us your comments on the MySQL for Excel forum. Changes in MySQL for Excel 1.3.0 (2014-06-06, Beta) This section documents all changes and bug fixes applied to MySQL for Excel since the release of 1.2.1. Several new features were added, for more information see What Is New In MySQL for Excel (http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/mysql-for-excel-what-is-new.html). Known limitations: Upgrading from versions MySQL for Excel 1.2.0 and lower is not possible due to a bug fixed in MySQL for Excel 1.2.1. In that scenario, the old version (MySQL for Excel 1.2.0 or lower) must be uninstalled first. Upgrading from version 1.2.1 works correctly. <CTRL> + <A> cannot be used to select all database objects. Either <SHIFT> + <Arrow Key> or <CTRL> + click must be used instead. PivotTables are normally placed to the right (skipping one column) of the imported data, they will not be created if there is another existing Excel object at that position. Functionality Added or Changed Imported data can now be refreshed by using the native Refresh feature. Fields in the imported data sheet are then updated against the live MySQL database using the saved connection ID. Functionality was added to import data directly into PivotTables, which can be created from any Import operation. Multiple objects (tables and views) can now be imported into Excel, when before only one object could be selected. Relational information is also utilized when importing multiple objects. All options now have descriptive tooltips. Hovering over an option/preference displays helpful information about its use. A new Export Data, Advanced Options option was added that shows all available data types in the Data Type combo box, instead of only showing a subset of the most popular data types. The option dialogs now include a Refresh to Defaults button that resets the dialog's options to their defaults values. Each option dialog is set individually. A new Add Summary Fields for Numeric Columns option was added to the Import Data dialog that automatically adds summary fields for numeric data after the last row of the imported data. The specific summary function is selectable from many options, such as "Total" and "Average." A new collation option was added for the schema and table creation wizards. The default schema collation is "Server Default", and the default table collation is "Schema Default". Collation options may be selected from a drop-down list of all available collations. Quick links: MySQL for Excel documentation: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/en/mysql-for-excel.html. MySQL on Windows blog: http://blogs.oracle.com/MySQLOnWindows. MySQL for Excel forum: http://forums.mysql.com/list.php?172. MySQL YouTube channel: http://www.youtube.com/user/MySQLChannel. Enjoy and thanks for the support! 

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  • Apache 2.4 Prefork vs. PHP-FPM Event shows sig decrease in requests per second

    - by Mark
    On my Apache 2.4.2 server with a standard mod_php Prefork setup these are my server-status results Current Time: Wednesday, 24-Oct-2012 19:36:24 CDT Restart Time: Wednesday, 24-Oct-2012 01:27:30 CDT Parent Server Config. Generation: 1 Parent Server MPM Generation: 0 Server uptime: 18 hours 8 minutes 54 seconds Total accesses: 14304233 - Total Traffic: 342.3 GB CPU Usage: u12584.6 s721.93 cu.66 cs3.43 - 20.4% CPU load 219 requests/sec - 5.4 MB/second - 25.1 kB/request 507 requests currently being processed, 355 idle workers ______KKKKR_K______W_KKC___CKK_K_K_W__CC_KKK_KK._K_K_KK._KKKK_K_ K_____KK_KKKK_K_KK__K___KK_K___K_____CKKK_WK_K_____KCKK__K___K_K K_CK_K_K_____K__KKKK_K__K___K_KK_K_K_KKKCK____________KK_CK__KKK __C_KKKKKKK___CK___C_KKK_K__C__K_CK____KKK__K__K__K_K__KK_CK_K__ _KKKKK_K_W__KK______K___K__W___C_K__K____KKKKKKKK.KKKKKKKCK_K___ _C_KK_K_WK__K_KK__K__RK_KK___K____K_KK_K_K___RKC_KKKK___KKKC_K_W _C_KK_KK__W____KC__KKK__KKK___K___KKK_KK_K_KKW__K_KR_KK_KK__KKK_ R__KKK__KKKKKK__K_KKKKK_K__K_K___KKW_________KK_K___KKK___KK.K_C KKKKKKW_____K__K_KKC_KCKK_K_KK_K__KK__K___K__KK_KK__________KK__ __K___KK_K__K_C_KK_K___KK__KK__K__KCK_K__KK_________K_K_KK__.K__ K_CKK.CCRW__KKKKKKKKKKKC__W____K___KWK_KK_KKC______.K_K_KK_KKKC_ __KKK_W_KCKKK_K_K____CCCK__KC_KKKK_K____K_CK_K____K__K____KKK_KK KK___K_K_K__KW__KCKKKK____WKWK__K_KKRKK__C_K_KK_KK_K__KKCC_K__C_ KK_K___K_KK______K_____CKK_K_______KK_CKCK__KKKKK____K__K..K____ __KKWK_KW__KKK__K_KKK___K_KK_KKK__KK___KK___KK_KK___KK____KKWKKC KK_KKKK_................................` When I switch to a PHP-FPM setup with the Event MPM with no other variables changes, my requests/sec plummet and overall apache response is garbage. Current Time: Wednesday, 24-Oct-2012 19:51:21 CDT Restart Time: Wednesday, 24-Oct-2012 19:48:03 CDT Parent Server Config. Generation: 1 Parent Server MPM Generation: 0 Server uptime: 3 minutes 18 seconds Total accesses: 18720 - Total Traffic: 307.1 MB CPU Usage: u16.57 s4.74 cu0 cs0 - 10.8% CPU load 94.5 requests/sec - 1.6 MB/second - 16.8 kB/request 15 requests currently being processed, 49 idle workers PID Connections Threads Async connections total accepting busy idle writing keep-alive closing 11701 114 no 10 22 0 66 38 11702 134 no 5 27 0 81 48 Sum 248 15 49 0 147 86 __R_R__W___RRW________RR__R___W_W_______W_____W_____________R_R_ Is there any obvious reason anyone could think of why this would be the case. I can provide any other additional stats or server setup info to help out. Ive tried tweaking everything up and down and nothing really helps get the PHP-FPM setup anywhere near a baseic prefork/mod-php setup. Thanks!

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  • postgresql No space left on device

    - by pstanton
    Postgres is reporting that it is out of disk space while performing a rather large aggregation query: Caused by: org.postgresql.util.PSQLException: ERROR: could not write block 31840050 of temporary file: No space left on device at org.postgresql.core.v3.QueryExecutorImpl.receiveErrorResponse(QueryExecutorImpl.java:1592) at org.postgresql.core.v3.QueryExecutorImpl.processResults(QueryExecutorImpl.java:1327) at org.postgresql.core.v3.QueryExecutorImpl.execute(QueryExecutorImpl.java:192) at org.postgresql.jdbc2.AbstractJdbc2Statement.execute(AbstractJdbc2Statement.java:451) at org.postgresql.jdbc2.AbstractJdbc2Statement.executeWithFlags(AbstractJdbc2Statement.java:350) at org.postgresql.jdbc2.AbstractJdbc2Statement.executeUpdate(AbstractJdbc2Statement.java:304) at org.hibernate.engine.query.NativeSQLQueryPlan.performExecuteUpdate(NativeSQLQueryPlan.java:189) ... 8 more However the disk has quite a lot of space: Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda1 386G 123G 243G 34% / udev 5.9G 172K 5.9G 1% /dev none 5.9G 0 5.9G 0% /dev/shm none 5.9G 628K 5.9G 1% /var/run none 5.9G 0 5.9G 0% /var/lock none 5.9G 0 5.9G 0% /lib/init/rw The query is doing the following: INSERT INTO summary_table SELECT t.a, t.b, SUM(t.c) AS c, COUNT(t.*) AS count, t.d, t.e, DATE_TRUNC('month', t.start) AS month, tt.type AS type, FALSE, tt.duration FROM detail_table_1 t, detail_table_2 tt WHERE t.trid=tt.id AND tt.type='a' AND DATE_PART('hour', t.start AT TIME ZONE 'Australia/Sydney' AT TIME ZONE 'America/New_York')>=23 OR DATE_PART('hour', t.start AT TIME ZONE 'Australia/Sydney' AT TIME ZONE 'America/New_York')<13 GROUP BY month, type, t.a, t.b, t.d, t.e, FALSE, tt.duration any tips?

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  • find the next due date after today within a group in an Excel PivotTable

    - by Dennis George
    I have got a table set up in one sheet with "transactions". Each row contains a name of a vendor, the amount owed or paid depending on transaction type, and the due date/transaction date. Here is some simplified sample data: Vendor Date Invoice Payment Vendor A 6/30 $200 Vendor A 6/30 ($200) Vendor B 7/5 $500 Vendor B 7/5 ($500) Vendor C 10/28 $50 Vendor A 10/30 $100 Vendor C 11/15 $50 I have already built a PivotTable from that table to group these transactions by vendor and sum the remainder owed. What I'm trying to figure out is how to, for each vendor, get the next due date (min date of the group, excluding dates < Today()), or if there is no next due date then I want to see the max date for that group. Here is what my PivotTable looks like, plus the date column I'd like to add (assuming Today() = 10/23): Vendor Date Owed Vendor B 7/5 - Vendor C 10/28 $100 Vendor A 10/30 $100 I know calling it next due date might not be so accurate if I end up with the date of a payment in that column, but I'm ok with that. tl;dr : I want to find the next earliest date within each group, or the last date. How do I do this?

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  • Mac OS X Client With Static DHCP Assignment Requests Wrong IP via Option 50

    - by Starchy
    I have a number of Mac (and a few Linux) laptops getting DHCP from a Force10 layer 3 switch, the only DHCP server on the subnet. There's a global dynamic pool, and for each full-time employee's laptop I have a single IP static pool set by MAC address. One and only one of the clients, running OS X 10.7.5, consistently fails to get a static assignment. The MAC address in the static pool definition has been carefully re-checked. Running tcpdump on a mirrored port when the laptop connects, I see that it is specifically requesting 10.100.0.252 (a dynamic address): 11:32:10.108280 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 255, id 28293, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 328) 0.0.0.0.bootpc > broadcasthost.bootps: [udp sum ok] BOOTP/DHCP, Request from 3c:07:54:xx:xx:xx (oui Unknown), length 300, xid 0x1399da89, Flags [none] (0x0000) Client-Ethernet-Address 3c:07:54:xx:xx:xx (oui Unknown) Vendor-rfc1048 Extensions Magic Cookie 0x63825363 DHCP-Message Option 53, length 1: Request Parameter-Request Option 55, length 9: Subnet-Mask, Default-Gateway, Domain-Name-Server, Domain-Name Option 119, LDAP, Option 252, Netbios-Name-Server Netbios-Node MSZ Option 57, length 2: 1500 Client-ID Option 61, length 7: ether 3c:07:54:xx:xx:xx Requested-IP Option 50, length 4: 10.100.0.252 Lease-Time Option 51, length 4: 7776000 Hostname Option 12, length 10: "host-name" END Option 255, length 0 PAD Option 0, length 0, occurs 8 I haven't been able to find any extra system prefs or unusual software on the laptop. Disabling the interface and rebooting or temporarily setting the IP manually both fail to make any difference. Any suggestions appreciated.

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  • "The zone can be scavenged after" keeps incrementing

    - by kce
    What are you trying to do? I'm trying to enable DNS scavenging on a DNS zone that has about a hundred stale DNS records. What have you tried in order to make it happen? I setup DNS Scavenging per everyone's favorite TechNet Blog post: Don't be afraid of DNS Scavenging. Just be patient. I first disabled scavenging on all of our domain controllers: DNSCmd . /ZoneResetScavengeServers contoso.com 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.2 I then enabled automatic scavenging on the DNS zone: I then enabled DNS scavenging on one of the domain controllers: I then found a few records that I expected to get delete with timstamps from a few years ago and ensured that that the Delete this record when it becomes stale and that time stamp was actually set: Finally I reloaded the zone and waited 14 days (the sum of the Refresh + No-Refresh periods). What results did you expect? I expected to see a 2501 Event in the DNS server logs noting the deletion of a bunch of DNS records. What actually happened? Nothing happened. The Zone Aging/Scavenging Properties showed that the zone could be scavenged after 6/12/2014 10:00:00 AM last week. No 2501/2502 events were recorded. All of the records with "aged" time stamps are still present. The date at which the zone can be scavenged after incremented another seven days to ?6/?18/?2014 10:00:00 AM. As I understand it until that date stays at least 14 days in the past nothing will ever even be eligible for scavenging let alone actually be scavenged. The only 2501 events recorded in the event logs are ones that I have triggered by right clicking and selecting "Scavenge Stale Resource Records". They note that scavenging will try to run again in 168 hours which was this morning. I have DNS scavenging enabled for a few months and have waited patiently for something to happen. I have reloaded the zone multiple times (which resets this timestamp). What am I missing here?

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  • Will Parallel-port dongle work on USB-to-Parallel Adapter?

    - by Gary M. Mugford
    We have a niche program running on a Win2K laptop that uses a security dongle connected to a parallel port for authentication. The laptop is getting creaky and I spent a frustrating night last night shopping various websites for a new laptop that had a parallel port. Seems I'm about three years late [G]. The question I have, is, if I buy a new(ish) laptop and use a USB-to-Parallel Port adapter, will the security dongle work? I know I'm not being specific about the app, but it's one most people wouldn't have heard of anyways. I've been guessing the answer to my question is no, since the app won't know to send a request out to the non-existent port. But, if the process actually is that the dongle sends a message INTO the computer every now and then, then it might work. And, I'm not sure whether the dongle is only needed at program startup time or randomly. The dongle is a 'permanent' addition to the old laptop. This is all about the money. We can have a newly-updated version of the program (which won't add any features we need) for the princely sum of $2700. Or we can spend $500 on a refurbed laptop still running WinXP, add a 30 buck adapter and keep the same solid, stolid performance we've come to appreciate. But it all comes down to the dongle behaviour. Oh, and a dock won't work. The whole laptop issue is about moving about the various nooks and crannies of the building with laptop in hand. Thanks for any suggestions/guidance. GM

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  • Windows 7 - mysteriously missing free HDD space

    - by sYnfo
    I have Windows7 installed on 50GB (Oops, it should have been 45GB, sorry) partition, and every now and then it gets full, and I have to resize that partition. I always thought it is quite normal. But it happened again today and this time, I'm sure it is not normal, because since last resizing (35GB 45GB) I did not install any new apps or whatever. Also, sum of sizes off all, including hidden & system, root folders and files is ~18GB, yet windows is indicating that all 50GB are used up... Any idea what is going on? EDIT: Great tools everyone! (SourceForge appears to be offline at the moment, I'll check WinDirStat later) Alas, non of them solved my problem just yet... Screenshot from SpaceSniffer: On the right there is some kind of "Unknows Space", any idea what that could be? EDIT2: After those two apps failing to help much I didn't expect it, but WinDirStat actually helped. It showed that those missing 27GB are in my Temp folder (Well, that should have been my first guess anyway). There I found hundreds of ~100MB files, named like HTT????.tmp. After some googling it appears to be a problem with ESET NOD32 antivirus and it's ThreatSense feature. Thank you all for help! :)

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  • Find out which task is generating a lot of context switches on linux

    - by Gaks
    According to vmstat, my Linux server (2xCore2 Duo 2.5 GHz) is constantly doing around 20k context switches per second. # vmstat 3 procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- ----cpu---- r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa 2 0 7292 249472 82340 2291972 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 13 79 0 0 0 7292 251808 82344 2291968 0 0 0 184 24 20090 1 1 99 0 0 0 7292 251876 82344 2291968 0 0 0 83 17 20157 1 0 99 0 0 0 7292 251876 82344 2291968 0 0 0 73 12 20116 1 0 99 0 ... but uptime shows small load: load average: 0.01, 0.02, 0.01 and top doesn't show any process with high %CPU usage. How do I find out what exactly is generating those context switches? Which process/thread? I tried to analyze pidstat output: # pidstat -w 10 1 12:39:13 PID cswch/s nvcswch/s Command 12:39:23 1 0.20 0.00 init 12:39:23 4 0.20 0.00 ksoftirqd/0 12:39:23 7 1.60 0.00 events/0 12:39:23 8 1.50 0.00 events/1 12:39:23 89 0.50 0.00 kblockd/0 12:39:23 90 0.30 0.00 kblockd/1 12:39:23 995 0.40 0.00 kirqd 12:39:23 997 0.60 0.00 kjournald 12:39:23 1146 0.20 0.00 svscan 12:39:23 2162 5.00 0.00 kjournald 12:39:23 2526 0.20 2.00 postgres 12:39:23 2530 1.00 0.30 postgres 12:39:23 2534 5.00 3.20 postgres 12:39:23 2536 1.40 1.70 postgres 12:39:23 12061 10.59 0.90 postgres 12:39:23 14442 1.50 2.20 postgres 12:39:23 15416 0.20 0.00 monitor 12:39:23 17289 0.10 0.00 syslogd 12:39:23 21776 0.40 0.30 postgres 12:39:23 23638 0.10 0.00 screen 12:39:23 25153 1.00 0.00 sshd 12:39:23 25185 86.61 0.00 daemon1 12:39:23 25190 12.19 35.86 postgres 12:39:23 25295 2.00 0.00 screen 12:39:23 25743 9.99 0.00 daemon2 12:39:23 25747 1.10 3.00 postgres 12:39:23 26968 5.09 0.80 postgres 12:39:23 26969 5.00 0.00 postgres 12:39:23 26970 1.10 0.20 postgres 12:39:23 26971 17.98 1.80 postgres 12:39:23 27607 0.90 0.40 postgres 12:39:23 29338 4.30 0.00 screen 12:39:23 31247 4.10 23.58 postgres 12:39:23 31249 82.92 34.77 postgres 12:39:23 31484 0.20 0.00 pdflush 12:39:23 32097 0.10 0.00 pidstat Looks like some postgresql tasks are doing 10 context swiches per second, but it doesn't all sum up to 20k anyway. Any idea how to dig a little deeper for an answer?

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  • Low level programming - what's in it for me?

    - by back2dos
    For years I have considered digging into what I consider "low level" languages. For me this means C and assembly. However I had no time for this yet, nor has it EVER been neccessary. Now because I don't see any neccessity arising, I feel like I should either just schedule some point in time when I will study the subject or drop the plan forever. My Position For the past 4 years I have focused on "web technologies", which may change, and I am an application developer, which is unlikely to change. In application development, I think usability is the most important thing. You write applications to be "consumed" by users. The more usable those applications are, the more value you have produced. In order to achieve good usability, I believe the following things are viable Good design: Well-thought-out features accessible through a well-thought-out user interface. Correctness: The best design isn't worth anything, if not implemented correctly. Flexibility: An application A should constantly evolve, so that its users need not switch to a different application B, that has new features, that A could implement. Applications addressing the same problem should not differ in features but in philosophy. Performance: Performance contributes to a good user experience. An application is ideally always responsive and performs its tasks reasonably fast (based on their frequency). The value of performance optimization beyond the point where it is noticeable by the user is questionable. I think low level programming is not going to help me with that, except for performance. But writing a whole app in a low level language for the sake of performance is premature optimization to me. My Question What could low level programming teach me, what other languages wouldn't teach me? Am I missing something, or is it just a skill, that is of very little use for application development? Please understand, that I am not questioning the value of C and assembly. It's just that in my everyday life, I am quite happy that all the intricacies of that world are abstracted away and managed for me (mostly by layers written in C/C++ and assembly themselves). I just don't see any concepts, that could be new to me, only details I would have to stuff my head with. So what's in it for me? My Conclusion Thanks to everyone for their answers. I must say, nobody really surprised me, but at least now I am quite sure I will drop this area of interest until any need for it arises. To my understanding, writing assembly these days for processors as they are in use in today's CPUs is not only unneccesarily complicated, but risks to result in poorer runtime performance than a C counterpart. Optimizing by hand is nearly impossible due to OOE, while you do not get all kinds of optimizations a compiler can do automatically. Also, the code is either portable, because it uses a small subset of available commands, or it is optimized, but then it probably works on one architecture only. Writing C is not nearly as neccessary anymore, as it was in the past. If I were to write an application in C, I would just as much use tested and established libraries and frameworks, that would spare me implementing string copy routines, sorting algorithms and other kind of stuff serving as exercise at university. My own code would execute faster at the cost of type safety. I am neither keen on reeinventing the wheel in the course of normal app development, nor trying to debug by looking at core dumps :D I am currently experimenting with languages and interpreters, so if there is anything I would like to publish, I suppose I'd port a working concept to C, although C++ might just as well do the trick. Again, thanks to everyone for your answers and your insight.

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  • Why my 2nd ip from traceroute is not answering the ping anymore?

    - by Pedro77
    My Internet is really laggy today, I did a tracerout and I realize that I'm having no answer from an ip at the beginning of the traceroute. see: Tracing route to 12.129.202.154 over a maximum of 30 hops 1 <1 ms <1 ms <1 ms 192.168.0.1 2 * * * Request timed out. 3 8 ms 8 ms 8 ms bd044008.virtua.com.br [189.4.64.8] 4 9 ms 8 ms 8 ms bd044009.virtua.com.br [189.4.64.9] 5 26 ms 26 ms 24 ms embratel-T0-1-5-0-tacc01.cas.embratel.net.br [200.174.243.21] 6 360 ms 15 ms 12 ms ebt-T0-15-0-12-tcore01.ctamc.embratel.net.br [200.244.140.218] 7 330 ms 349 ms 261 ms ebt-Bundle-POS11942-intl04.mianap.embratel.net.br [200.230.220.10] 8 139 ms 141 ms 139 ms sl-st30-mia-.sprintlink.net [144.223.64.221] Connection diagram: PC - Router configured as access point - Router (192.168.0.1) - Cable modem (192.168.100.1). Well, I think it is odd that the 2nd ip is not returning the ping. I looked some old tracerout logs to see what was the 2nd ip. The ip was: 10.19.0.1 So, what this 2nd ip stand for? How can I find why it is not answering the ping? I don't understand it, if does not answer the ping, how can the packets continue (yeah newbie question)? edit: well, because the hope 3 have a ping of 8 ms the hop 2 request time out should really not be a problem. But it is still odd that the 2nd hop stopped to answer ping request. So my doubts are: 1. Were the ip 10.19.0.1 is from? 2. Why it stopped to answer ping requests? 3. How can hop 7 be smaller than 6 and 8 smaller than 7 and 6!?? Shouldn't the pings be higher for each hop? Like: hop 3 time should be the sum of the hops before it plus its own time (hop 3 = 1+2+3) ??

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  • Fix MBR from installed Windows Vista

    - by Danilo
    Hi guys, I have a quite strange problem. I had a system with Vista and Ubuntu installed. We always use Vista and Ubuntu was something we really did not need. BUT: to boot, GRUB was used (I guess grub2). Now, while being in Vista I cancelled the Ubuntu partition and with it also GRUB. Now the system does not boot anymore. I tried to reinstall Ubuntu, but I had some problems with the CD. At the moment, when the system boots I get into the GRUB shell. From there, I am able to boot Windows Vista with some commands like this ones: grub> title windows rootnoverify (hd0,msdos3) chainloader +1 boot Now the question is: if I am able to boot in Windows Vista with this trick, is it possible to fix the MBR from inside the installed windows Vista with some command/tool of Vista itself? I shall probably mention that we are not interested in double boot at the moment. We only want Vista to start. I can sum up the question like this: is there a way to fix the MBR from the installed version on Windows Vista, considering that GRUB is at the moment installed? I hope I was clear enough. Thanks for your help.

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