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• RAID-1 and regular drive removal (using RAID-1 as a backup measure)

  - by Vi

  Is using mdadm's RAID-1 of 2 partitions (one on laptop's internal HDD, one on external HDD) a good idea. I want the system to work as RAID-1 if both drives are present, work as regular volume (degradad RAID-1) if external HDD is unplugged and quickly resync when I plug external HDD again. Questions: Is it a good idea? Will write-intent bitmap be enough for this task or I need something else? Should I consider doing it at filesystem level (3b. if yes, how?). Basic requirements are: Quick resync when I re-add the external drive (provided I hasn't changed that partition). More or less consistent data on the removed drive if I remove it not during write/resync operation. If I remove the drive during resync I expect the data to be somewhat inconsistent, but expect quick resync completion when I re-add it again. E.g. I want the the remaining drive to track what is changed (there can be a lot of changes) and that sync back only those parts that need it.

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• Filesystems for webserver with SATA and Solid State disk,

  - by Jorisslob

  We have just ordered a new webserver with 120 Gb solid state disk and a SATA disk. I am trying to plan ahead what sort of filesystem to use. This system will be running Linux, Apache/Tomcat to host java services. The main service is a system where people can upload reasonably large files (in the order of 100 Mb, images, image stacks and video), which people will be able to annotate and which will be sent to a database server when annotation is complete. Thus far, I plan to put most of the utility programs of the operating system om the SSD and put the large media files there. The SATA disks will hold the less volitile data like apache, tomcat and the servlets. For filesystems I have considered going for the stable EXT3 because I hear that it is best supported. The downside seems to be that it not the ideal choice for large files. That is why I am leaning towards using XFS for the SSD and EXT3 for the SATA. My questions are: 1) Does this sound like a reasonable setup? 2) What filesystems would you recommend for the SSD and for the SATA? Thanks

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• Disable raid member check upon mount to mount damaged nvidia raid1 member

  - by Halfgaar

  Hi, A friend of mine destroyed his Nvidia RAID1 array somehow and in trying to fix it, he ended up with a non-working array. Because of the RAID metadata, the actual disk data was stored at an offset from the beginning. I was able to identify this offset with dd and a hexeditor and then I used losetup to create a loop device with the proper offset, so that I could mount the partition. It was then that I ran into problems, namely that mount says: "mount: unknown filesystem type 'nvidia_raid_member'". I also had this when trying to mount a Linux MD component the other day, and because I can remember that doing that in the past worked, I surmised that it may be some kind of protection. I therefore booted an old Sysrescue CD and tried it there, which worked (because of the older version of mount/libc/kernel/whatever). I still need to try to get more data, and because I don't want to keep using that SysrecueCD, I'd like to be able to mount the disk on my normal system. So, my question is: can the check for a disk being a raid member be disabled? I guess I could also zero out blocks that look like the raid block, but I'd rather not... I made an image of the disk with par2 data, so it's revertable, but still...

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• Looking for USB Network Attached Storage (NAS) Adapter that supports multiple drives, NTFS/FAT32 fil

  - by braveterry

  I'm looking for a NAS Adapter that supports attaching multiple USB devices to the network. Here's what I'd like to see in a NAS adapter: Under $100.00. Support for multiple devices. This can be through a USB hub or through multiple USB connectors on the device itself. Bittorrent support would be nice, but this isn't a deal-breaker. Filesystem support for at least NTFS or FAT32. I'd prefer to not have to reformat to use the device, but this is also not a deal-breaker. Here is what I am NOT looking for: I'm NOT looking for a NAS enclosure. I already have a couple of spare external USB drives that I'd like to use. I'm NOT looking for a networked USB hub like the one mentioned here. Network USB hubs only allow access to a drive from one PC at a time. I'm NOT looking for a wireless router with a NAS built in. I already have a wireless router, and I'd rather not go through the hassle of replacing it if possible. What I've looked at so far PogoPlug: This supports multiple devices via a USB hub, but there's not Bittorrent support. It's $99.00, so I may end up going with this and hope that they patch in Bittorrent support later. Addonics NAS Adapter: This supports only one device per adapter, so it's a non-starter. SimpleNET NAS Head USB 2.0 Portable Dongle: I'm not 100% sure this supports multiple devices. Plus there doesn't seem to be any Bittorrent support. I'll try to update this post as I explore other devices.

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• How can I recover data from a dmg that cannot mount?

  - by Benjamin Lee

  I backed up a hard drive in a dmg, then reformatted the hard drive. (I had deleted the efi partition before which was preventing me from reinstalling the operation system). When I tried use the restore function in disk utility it gave an input/output error. I get this error with anything I do to the image including mounting, converting, attaching, verifying, scanning, and getting info through hdiutil imageinfo. I have run all of these with hdiutil and the -noverify, -nomount, and -ignorebadchecksums flags. When I copy the image onto another disk/partition I get a different error: something like "No filesystem". I cannot repair the image with disk utility or asr, which both throw the I/O error. When I put the -verbose flag on the command I actually get a different error: "hdiutil: attach failed - No child processes". I have output from both the -verbose and -debug flags but it is fairly long so I had to attach a link to avoid the 3000 character limit. No recovery system can get the data because it is both compressed and unmountable. How can I get the data back, and what has gone wrong? -debug -verbose

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• Installing messaging software displays error 1324 invalid character

  - by llykke

  Trying to install Reuters Messaging software onto a windows 7 pc we receive the error message Error 1324: The folder path 'My Documents' contains an invalid character We've tried installing the application using the local admin account and the user account which is an AD account (roaming?). This user account has administrative rights (i.e. should be allowed to install applications). The users 'My Documents' folder is located on a network drive, where only the user has access. We've tried experimenting with the HKEY_CURRENT_USER \ Software \ Microsoft \ Windows \ CurrentVersion \ Explorer\ User Shell Folders registry entries and setting them to a local position (i.e. C:\Users\Username\Documents) but this didn't resolve the error. We've also tried the following which was taken from a website I can't remember the name of: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\FileSystem Select the NtfsDisable8dot3NameCreation entry and change the value to 0 Select the Win31FileSystem entry and change the value to 0 which didn't resolve the issue. Edit: This was also an issue when attempting to install the citrix native client necessary to run citrix application (*.ica extension). This made the same error box appear.

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• ZFS - destroying deduplicated zvol or data set stalls the server. How to recover?

  - by ewwhite

  I'm using Nexentastor on a secondary storage server running on an HP ProLiant DL180 G6 with 12 Midline (7200 RPM) SAS drives. The system has an E5620 CPU and 8GB RAM. There is no ZIL or L2ARC device. Last week, I created a 750GB sparse zvol with dedup and compression enabled to share via iSCSI to a VMWare ESX host. I then created a Windows 2008 file server image and copied ~300GB of user data to the VM. Once happy with the system, I moved the virtual machine to an NFS store on the same pool. Once up and running with my VMs on the NFS datastore, I decided to remove the original 750GB zvol. Doing so stalled the system. Access to the Nexenta web interface and NMC halted. I was eventually able to get to a raw shell. Most OS operations were fine, but the system was hanging on the zfs destroy -r vol1/filesystem command. Ugly. I found the following two OpenSolaris bugzilla entries and now understand that the machine will be bricked for an unknown period of time. It's been 14 hours, so I need a plan to be able to regain access to the server. http://bugs.opensolaris.org/bugdatabase/view_bug.do?bug_id=6924390 and http://bugs.opensolaris.org/bugdatabase/view_bug.do;jsessionid=593704962bcbe0743d82aa339988?bug_id=6924824 In the future, I'll probably take the advice given in one of the buzilla workarounds: Workaround Do not use dedupe, and do not attempt to destroy zvols that had dedupe enabled. Update: I had to force the system to power off. Upon reboot, the system stalls at Importing zfs filesystems. It's been that way for 2 hours now.

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• Recovering a VHD after resizing it using VBoxManage

  - by tjrobinson

  I am using VirtualBox 4.1.18 and had a virtual machine running Windows 8 RC with a single VHD, which was initially sized at 25GB (too small!). After installing the OS and some applications I ran out of disk space so shut down the guest and then used this command to resize the VHD to 80GB: C:\Program Files\Oracle\VirtualBox> .\VBoxManage.exe modifyhd "D:\VirtualBox VMs\Windows 8 RC\Windows 8 RC.vhd" --resize 81920 0%...10%...20%...30%...40%...50%...60%...70%...80%...90%...100% C:\Program Files\Oracle\VirtualBox> .\VBoxManage.exe showhdinfo "D:\VirtualBox VMs\Windows 8 RC\Windows 8 RC.vhd" UUID: 03fb26e7-d8bb-49b5-8cc2-1dc350750e64 Accessible: yes Logical size: 81920 MBytes Current size on disk: 24954 MBytes Type: normal (base) Storage format: VHD Format variant: dynamic default In use by VMs: Windows 8 RC (UUID: a6e6aa57-2d3a-421b-8042-7aae566e3e0b) Location: D:\VirtualBox VMs\Windows 8 RC\Windows 8 RC.vhd So far so good. However, when I started the guest up again I got the dreaded: Fatal: No bootable medium found! system halted If I boot into GParted it shows a single 80GB drive as "unallocated". The option to scan for and attempt to repair a filesystem doesn't find anything. I also tried cloning the VHD into a VDI file, just in case that magically fixed it: C:\Program Files\Oracle\VirtualBox> .\VBoxManage.exe clonehd "D:\VirtualBox VMs\Windows 8 RC\Windows 8 RC.vhd" "D:\VirtualBox VMs\Windows 8 RC\Windows 8 RC.vdi" --format VDI 0%...10%...20%...30%...40%...50%...60%...70%...80%...90%...100% Clone hard disk created in format 'VDI'. UUID: baf0c2c4-362f-4f6c-846a-37bb1ffc027b C:\Program Files\Oracle\VirtualBox> .\VBoxManage.exe showhdinfo "D:\VirtualBox VMs\Windows 8 RC\Windows 8 RC.vdi" UUID: baf0c2c4-362f-4f6c-846a-37bb1ffc027b Accessible: yes Logical size: 81920 MBytes Current size on disk: 24798 MBytes Type: normal (base) Storage format: VDI Format variant: dynamic default In use by VMs: Windows 8 RC (UUID: a6e6aa57-2d3a-421b-8042-7aae566e3e0b) Location: D:\VirtualBox VMs\Windows 8 RC\Windows 8 RC.vdi Is there anything else I could try to recover the drive? No, I don't have a backup :( My host OS is Windows 7 64-bit.

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• How to boot Linux from a 16gb USB flash drive

  - by Chris Harris

  I'm trying to install Linux on a single partition of a USB flash drive that's larger than 4gb. The first place I went to is http://pendrivelinux.com. I can follow these instructions for installing Xubuntu 9.04 perfectly, which unfortunately break down when I try to scale it up beyond 4gb. There are several other tools to do this (unetbootin and usb-creator) which follow a very similar formula. I figured out that a big problem of mine was that all of these tools assume the USB drive is formatted in FAT32, which unfortunately cannot hold a single file larger than 4gb. This is unfortunate because I want to use just one partition, so that my persistance file, casper-rw, looks like one big partition to the OS once I've booted off of the USB drive. I then tried following a myriad of instructions involving formatting the drive as one large ext2 filesystem and using extlinux to create a single bootable ext2 file system. This doesn't work for me however, after about 20 attempts verifying and slightly tweaking the formula, I cannot seem to get a "good" bootable ext2 file system built. I'm not entirely sure what's going on, but it seems as though no matter how hard I try, I cannot get the ext2 file system to remain coherent after copying the Linux ISO contents over, copying the MBR, and executing extlinux to create the ext bootloader. Every time, after I follow these steps (in any order) and reboot, I get an unbootable USB drive. If I then mount the drive under Linux again, I see a mess of a file system (inodes have clearly been screwed up somewhere along the way). I suspected that the USB drive wasn't being fully flushed, so I tried using the "sync" and "unmount" commands before rebooting which didn't affect things at all. I guess I have several possible questions - but let's start with the obvious - is there something I'm missing to create a bootable ext2 USB flash drive that's large (e.g. 16gb)?

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• Clone virtual machine with Server 2008 R2 and Hyper-V?

  - by bwerks

  Hi all, I've recently just started working with Hyper-V, and so far it's quite nice. However, I've been running into problems with what seems like it should be the most basic of workflows. I've set up a baseline Server 2008 R2 configuration, and exported it with the intention of using the export for cloning. I entered "C:\Exports\" as the export folder. However, I run into problems when I try to import the image. From the Hyper-V manager, I select "Import Virtual Machine" and in the resulting window I entered "C:\Exports\BuildServer\" as the folder, set the radial to "Copy the virtual machine (create a new unique ID)" and checked the checkbox for "Duplicate all files so the same virtual machine can be imported again." Doing so results in the following error: "Import failed. Import task failed to copy file from 'H:\Exports\BuildServer\Virtual Hard Disks\BuildServer.vhd' to 'C:\Hyper-V\Virtual Hard Disks\BuildServer.vhd': The file exists. (0x80070050)" Have I somehow messed something up in configuration? Or is this a known thing? I've read it should be possible to clone VMs by copying them in the filesystem but I'd prefer to keep things in the management Ui if possible.

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• CentOS 5.5 ext4 conversion problem - ext4 partition is recognized as ext3

  - by FractalizeR

  Hello. I had 5.4 machine. Upgraded to 5.5 today via yum upgrade. All went fine. Rebooted. Wanted to convert root partition to ext4 (I have three partitions: /boot, / and swap). All of them on software RAID 1 (root is /dev/md2). I did the following for converting yum install e4fsprogs tune2fs -O extents,uninit_bg,dir_index /dev/md2 nano /etc/fstab # I indicated here that my /dev/md2 is of ext4 uname -a mkinitrd -f /boot/initrd-2.6.18-194.3.1.el5.img 2.6.18-194.3.1.el5 Rebooted. I expected fsck to start automatically as said on some site. But it did not. Threw some error (don't remember exactly which). Ok, I booted linux rescue and executed fsck: fsck -t ext4 -fy /dev/md2 Partition went fine. But still when I boot main system, it says in log: "ext3-fs:" then something about not being able to mount ext3 partition due to unknown extended attributed (200). I booted linux rescue again. It loads fine and correctly determines all my machine partitions both ext3 (boot) and ext4 (/) under /mnt/sysimage just fine. I retried mkinitrd thing again watching it's output and ensured ext4 module is included into the system. I also edited menu.lst grub file to include rootfstype=ext4 kernel parameter. Bad luck. I still have message from ext3-fs about not being able to mount filesystem because of attributes and kernel panic immediately after. I checked /etc/fstab - it's fine and saying that root is of ext4. What did I do wrong? This machine is empty so I can just reformat it with 5.5 and recreate partitions to be originally ext4. But... I just want to know what did I do wrong.

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• Mysql: Disk is full writing

  - by elma

  Hi there, I'm having some problems with my mysql server lately, so I've decided to check the error logs: [root@LSN-D1179 log]# tail -10 mysqld.log 100325 19:30:03 [ERROR] /usr/libexec/mysqld: Table './lfe/actions' is marked as crashed and should be repaired 100325 19:30:03 [ERROR] /usr/libexec/mysqld: Table './lfe/actions' is marked as crashed and should be repaired 100325 19:30:18 [ERROR] /usr/libexec/mysqld: Disk is full writing './omuz/ibf_task_logs.MYD' (Errcode: 122). Waiting for someone to free space... Retry in 60 secs 100325 19:34:34 [ERROR] /usr/libexec/mysqld: Disk is full writing './omuz/ibf_profile_portal_views.MYD' (Errcode: 122). Waiting for someone to free space... Retry in 60 secs 100325 19:39:46 [ERROR] /usr/libexec/mysqld: Disk is full writing './omuz/ibf_posts.TMD' (Errcode: 122). Waiting for someone to free space... Retry in 60 secs 100325 19:40:18 [ERROR] /usr/libexec/mysqld: Disk is full writing './omuz/ibf_task_logs.MYD' (Errcode: 122). Waiting for someone to free space... Retry in 60 secs 100325 19:44:34 [ERROR] /usr/libexec/mysqld: Disk is full writing './omuz/ibf_profile_portal_views.MYD' (Errcode: 122). Waiting for someone to free space... Retry in 60 secs 100325 19:49:46 [ERROR] /usr/libexec/mysqld: Disk is full writing './omuz/ibf_posts.TMD' (Errcode: 122). Waiting for someone to free space... Retry in 60 secs 100325 19:50:18 [ERROR] /usr/libexec/mysqld: Disk is full writing './omuz/ibf_task_logs.MYD' (Errcode: 122). Waiting for someone to free space... Retry in 60 secs 100325 19:54:34 [ERROR] /usr/libexec/mysqld: Disk is full writing './omuz/ibf_profile_portal_views.MYD' (Errcode: 122). Waiting for someone to free space... Retry in 60 secs And here's is my df -h output [root@LSN-D1179 log]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00 143G 6.2G 129G 5% / /dev/sda1 99M 12M 83M 13% /boot tmpfs 490M 0 490M 0% /dev/shm As you can see, I have plenty of free space; so I couldn't figure out these "Disk is full" errors in mysqld.log. Does anyone know what should I do to fix this? Ugur

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• fsck on LVM snapshots

  - by Alpha01

  I'm trying to do some file system checks using LVM snapshots of our Logical Volumes to see if any of them have dirty file systems. The problem that I have is that our LVM only has one Volume Group with no available space. I was able to do fsck's on some of the logical volumes using a loopback file system. However my question is, is it possible to create a 200GB loopback file system, and saved it on the same partition/logical volume that I'll be taking a snapshot of? Is LVM smart enough to not take a snapshot copy of the actual snapshot? [root@server z]# vgdisplay --- Volume group --- VG Name Web2-Vol System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 29 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 6 Open LV 6 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size 544.73 GB PE Size 4.00 MB Total PE 139450 Alloc PE / Size 139450 / 544.73 GB Free PE / Size 0 / 0 VG UUID BrVwNz-h1IO-ZETA-MeIf-1yq7-fHpn-fwMTcV [root@server z]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda2 9.7G 3.6G 5.6G 40% / /dev/sda1 251M 29M 210M 12% /boot /dev/mapper/Web2--Vol-var 12G 1.1G 11G 10% /var /dev/mapper/Web2--Vol-var--spool 12G 184M 12G 2% /var/spool /dev/mapper/Web2--Vol-var--lib--mysql 30G 15G 14G 52% /var/lib/mysql /dev/mapper/Web2--Vol-usr 13G 3.3G 8.9G 27% /usr /dev/mapper/Web2--Vol-z 468G 197G 267G 43% /z /dev/mapper/Web2--Vol-tmp 3.0G 76M 2.8G 3% /tmp tmpfs 7.9G 92K 7.9G 1% /dev/shm The logical volume in question is /dev/mapper/Web2--Vol-z. I'm afraid if I created the loopback file system in /dev/mapper/Web2--Vol-z and take a snapshot of it, the disk size will be trippled in size, thus running out of disk space available.

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• Use icacls to make a directory read-only on Windows 7

  - by Dave G

  I'm attempting to test some filesystem exceptions in a Java based application. I need to find a way to create a directory that is located under %TMP% that is set to read-only. Essentially on UNIX/POSIX platforms, I can do a chmod -w and get this effect. Under Windows 7/NTFS this is of course a different story. I'm running into multiple issues on this. My user has "administrative" right (although this may not always be the case) and as such the directory is created with an ACL including: NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM BUILTIN\Administrators <my current user> Is there a way using icacls to essentially get this directory into a state where it is read-only PERIOD, do my test, then restore the ACL for removal? EDIT With the information provided by @Ansgar Wiechers I was able to come up with a solution. I used the following: icacls dirname /deny %username%:(WD) In the page located here I found this in the remarks section: icacls preserves the canonical order of ACE entries as: * Explicit denials * Explicit grants * Inherited denials * Inherited grants By performing the above icalcs command, I was able to set the current user's ability to write or append files (WD) to the directory to deny. Then it was a question of returning it to a state post test: icacls dirname /reset /t /c Done

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• Properly force SSL with .htaccess, no double authentication

  - by cwd

  I'm trying to force SSL with .htaccess on a shared host. This means there I only have access to .htaccess and not the vhosts config. I know you can put a rule in the VirtualHost config file to force SSL which will be picked up there (and acted upon first), preventing double authentication, but I can't get to that. Here's the progress I've made: Config 1 This works pretty well but it does force double authentication if you visit http://site.com - once for http and then once for https. Once you are logged in, it automatically redirects http://site.com/page1.html to the https coutnerpart just fine: RewriteEngine On RewriteCond %{HTTPS} !=on RewriteRule ^ https://%{HTTP_HOST}%{REQUEST_URI} [L,R=301] RewriteEngine on RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !(^www\.site\.com*)$ RewriteRule (.*) https://www.site.com$1 [R=301,L] AuthName "Locked" AuthUserFile "/home/.htpasswd" AuthType Basic require valid-user Config 2 If I add this to the top of the file, it works a lot better in that it will switch to SSL before prompting for the password: SSLOptions +StrictRequire SSLRequireSSL SSLRequire %{HTTP_HOST} eq "site.com" ErrorDocument 403 https://site.com It's clever how it will use the SSLRequireSSL option and the ErrorDocument403 to redirect to the secure version of the site. My only complaint is that if you try and access http://site.com/page1.html it will redirect to https://site.com/ So it is forcing SSL without a double-login, but it is not properly forwarding non-SSL resources to their SSL counterparts. Regarding the first config, Insyte mentioned "using mod_rewrite to perform a simple redirect is a bit of overkill. Use the Redirect directive instead. It's possible this may even fix your problem, as I believe mod_rewrite rules are some of the last directives to be processed, just before the file is actually grabbed from the filesystem" I have not had no such luck on finding a force-ssl config option with the redirect directive and so have been unable to test this theory.

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• Java Plugin a huge security risk? How to preseve Java plugin from privilege escalation?

  - by Johannes Weiß

  Installing a regular Java plugin is IMHO a real security risk for non-IT people. Normally Java applets run in a sandbox and the applet cannot do anything harmful to your computer. If an applet, however, needs to do something like read-only accessing your filesystem e.g. uploading an image, you have to give it more privileges. Usually that's ok but I think not everyone knows that you give the applet the same privileges to your computer as your user has! And that's everything Java asks you: That looks as 'harmful' as a self-signed SSL certificate on a random page where no sensitive data is exchanged. The user will click on Run! You can try that at home using JyConsole, that's Jython (Python on Java)! Simply type in python code, e.g. import os os.system('cat /etc/passwd') or worse DON'T TYPE IN THAT CODE ON YOUR COMPUTER!!! import os os.system('rm -rf ~') ... Does anyone know how you can disable the possibily of privilege escalation? And by the way, does anyone know why SUN displays only a dialog as harmless as the one shown above (the self-signed-SSL-certificate-dialog from Firefox 3 and above is much clearer here!)? Live sample from my computer:

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• mdadm superblock hiding/shadowing partition

  - by Kjell Andreassen

  Short version: Is it safe to do mdadm --zero-superblock /dev/sdd on a disk with a partition (dev/sdd1), filesystem and data? Will the partition be mountable and the data still there? Longer version: I used to have a raid6 array but decided to dismantle it. The disks from the array are now used as non-raid disks. The superblocks were cleared: sudo mdadm --zero-superblock /dev/sdd The disks were repartitioned with fdisk and filesystems created with mfks.ext4. All disks where mounted and everything worked fine. Today, a couple of weeks later, one of the disks is failing to be recognized when trying to mount it, or rather the single partition on it. sudo mount /dev/sdd1 /mnt/tmp mount: special device /dev/sdd1 does not exist fdisk claims there to be a partition on it: sudo fdisk -l /dev/sdd Disk /dev/sdd: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xb06f6341 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdd1 1 243201 1953512001 83 Linux Of course mount is right, the device /dev/sdd1 is not there, I'm guessing udev did not create it because of the mdadm data still on it: sudo mdadm --examine /dev/sdd /dev/sdd: Magic : a92b4efc Version : 1.2 Feature Map : 0x0 Array UUID : b164e513:c0584be1:3cc53326:48691084 Name : pringle:0 (local to host pringle) Creation Time : Sat Jun 16 21:37:14 2012 Raid Level : raid6 Raid Devices : 6 Avail Dev Size : 3907027120 (1863.02 GiB 2000.40 GB) Array Size : 15628107776 (7452.06 GiB 8001.59 GB) Used Dev Size : 3907026944 (1863.02 GiB 2000.40 GB) Data Offset : 2048 sectors Super Offset : 8 sectors State : clean Device UUID : 3ccaeb5b:843531e4:87bf1224:382c16e2 Update Time : Sun Aug 12 22:20:39 2012 Checksum : 4c329db0 - correct Events : 1238535 Layout : left-symmetric Chunk Size : 512K Device Role : Active device 3 Array State : AA.AAA ('A' == active, '.' == missing) My mdadm --zero-superblock apparently didn't work. Can I safely try it again without losing data? If not, are there any suggestion on what do to? Not starting mdadm at all on boot might be a (somewhat unsatisfactory) solution.

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• What's up with stat on MacOSX/Darwin? Or filesystems without names...

  - by Charles Stewart

  In response to a question I asked on SO, Give the mount point of a path, one respondant suggested using stat to get the device name associated with the volume of a given path. This works nicely on Linux, but gives crazy results on MacOSX 10.4. For my system, df and mount give: cas cas$ df Filesystem 512-blocks Used Avail Capacity Mounted on /dev/disk0s3 58342896 49924456 7906440 86% / devfs 194 194 0 100% /dev fdesc 2 2 0 100% /dev <volfs> 1024 1024 0 100% /.vol automount -nsl [166] 0 0 0 100% /Network automount -fstab [170] 0 0 0 100% /automount/Servers automount -static [170] 0 0 0 100% /automount/static /dev/disk2s1 163577856 23225520 140352336 14% /Volumes/Snapshot /dev/disk2s2 409404102 5745938 383187960 1% /Volumes/Sparse cas cas$ mount /dev/disk0s3 on / (local, journaled) devfs on /dev (local) fdesc on /dev (union) <volfs> on /.vol automount -nsl [166] on /Network (automounted) automount -fstab [170] on /automount/Servers (automounted) automount -static [170] on /automount/static (automounted) /dev/disk2s1 on /Volumes/Snapshot (local, nodev, nosuid, journaled) /dev/disk2s2 on /Volumes/Sparse (asynchronous, local, nodev, nosuid) Trying to get the devices from the mount points, though: cas cas$ df | grep -e/ | awk '{print $NF}' | while read line; do echo $line $(stat -f"%Sdr" $line); done / disk0s3r /dev ???r /dev ???r /.vol ???r /Network ???r /automount/Servers ???r /automount/static ???r /Volumes/Snapshot disk2s1r /Volumes/Sparse disk2s2r Here, I'm feeding each of the mount points scraped from df to stat, outputting the results of the "%Sdr" format string, which is supposed to be the device name: Cf. stat(1) man page: The special output specifier S may be used to indicate that the output, if applicable, should be in string format. May be used in combination with: ... dr Display actual device name. What's going on? Is it a bug in stat, or some Darwin VFS weirdness? Postscript Per Andrew McGregor, try passing "%Sd" to stat for more weirdness. It lists some apparently arbitrary subset of files from CWD...

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• chmod -R 777 / on ubuntu - numerous problems

  - by ncatnow

  A client has accidentally given the entire filesystem full permissions on their ubuntu 10.04 box. chmod -R 777 httpdocs/cd / As you can see they attempted to cd to the root, and instead gave chmod a fun parameter to play with. First sign of the problem was inability to use 'su', giving an authentication error. sudo also complained of a missing setuid bit. This was fixed by logging in as root from the machine itself, and running chmod +s /usr/bin/sudo. I can now sudo su and do what I need to as root. su still gives an authentication failure. I followed the advice here: http://swiss.ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1180661&page=2 chmod 0755 / chmod 0755 /* chmod 1777 /tmp chmod 0750 /root chmod 0700 /lost+found I then tried to reset root password. I still cannot su to become root, or su root. The system seems to be running fine. Are there any suggestions for getting su to work once again? Where can I look for more problems?

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• Thunderbird doesn't show folders on a new Dovecot install

  - by Zoran Zaric

  Hey, I set up a new mailserver with postfix and Dovecot some days ago, everything is working except for Thunderbird not showing any folders. Evolution shows me all folders. I migrated from a Courier install using imapsync. In the filesystem the folders don't have a INBOX in their name, so the tho folders ar called .Folder 1 not .INBOX.Folder 1. This is the output of dovecot -n: # 1.0.10: /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf Warning: mail_extra_groups setting was often used insecurely so it is now deprecated, use mail_access_groups or mail_privileged_group instead base_dir: /var/run/dovecot/ log_timestamp: “%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S ” protocols: imap pop3 listen(default): *:143 listen(imap): *:143 listen(pop3): *:110 disable_plaintext_auth: no login_dir: /var/run/dovecot//login login_executable(default): /usr/lib/dovecot/imap-login login_executable(imap): /usr/lib/dovecot/imap-login login_executable(pop3): /usr/lib/dovecot/pop3-login first_valid_uid: 1001 last_valid_uid: 1001 mail_extra_groups: vmail mail_access_groups: vmail mail_location: maildir:/var/vmail/%d/%u maildir_copy_with_hardlinks: yes mail_executable(default): /usr/lib/dovecot/imap mail_executable(imap): /usr/lib/dovecot/imap mail_executable(pop3): /usr/lib/dovecot/pop3 mail_plugin_dir(default): /usr/lib/dovecot/modules/imap mail_plugin_dir(imap): /usr/lib/dovecot/modules/imap mail_plugin_dir(pop3): /usr/lib/dovecot/modules/pop3 pop3_uidl_format(default): pop3_uidl_format(imap): pop3_uidl_format(pop3): %08Xu%08Xv auth default: user: nobody passdb: driver: sql args: /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf userdb: driver: sql args: /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf socket: type: listen client: path: /var/spool/postfix/private/auth mode: 432 user: postfix group: postfix master: path: /var/run/dovecot/auth-master mode: 432 user: vmail group: vmail Thanks!

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• To clone or to automate a system installation?

  - by Shtééf

  Let's say you're setting up a cluster of servers performing the same task. Or say you're just setting up a bunch of different servers, but you expect to use a base configuration on all of your servers. Would it be better practice to create a base image and clone it, or to automate the installation and configuration? I occasionally end up in this argument with my boss, in situations where we're time-pressed. When he sees me struggle with perfecting the automation, his suggestion is often to clone the entire disk to the other machines. But my instinct has always been to avoid cloning. This is mostly from an Ubuntu perspective, but the question is fairly general. My reasons for avoiding cloning are: On a typical install, even if it's fresh, there are already several unique identifiers installed: filesystem UUIDs, SSH host keys, among others. These would have to be regenerated. Network needs to be reconfigured for each clone. This would need to be done off-line, of course, or the settings will conflict with other machines on the network. On the other hand, some of the cloning advantages are quite clear as well: (Initially?) less effort required than automating configuration. Tools exist to quickly address (some) of the above disadvantages. (I can see right through my own bias there.)

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• Any ideas out there as to how the data can be recovered from an SSD?

  - by ben

  A friend had some form of catastrophic failure on an HP mini 1000, unbootable. Of course there was data that wasn't backed up. I've removed the SSD and hooked it up to a ZIF 40 enclosure but can not seem to get the drive to be recognized in Windows 7. In Disk Management it displays as present, but uninitialized. Attempting to initialize it presents an error Virtual Disk Manager - "The device is not ready". There is scant information on MIE (the custom OS), so I'm not even sure what kind of file system I'm dealing with. In any case, if the filesystem is indeed some flavor other than FAT or NTFS, is this error consistent with that? Are there any creative ideas out there as to how the data can be recovered? Update: Thanks for all the suggestions! I hadn't even considered running a live cd. Unfortunately no luck with Ubuntu (live cd) or explore2fs. The zif connection seems ok (color coded green led for proper connect, orange for not). The drive can't be initialized and therefore can't be formatted, so I guess there may be some real damage. Probably needs to head to a specialist. Thanks again for the feedback, much appreciated.

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• Routing Apache TracEnv

  - by fampinheiro

  Hello, i have a situation with many trac instances. They all have the same structure in the filesystem. PATH/trac1 PATH/trac2 PATH/trac3 i have this configuration <Location /trac/trac1> SetHandler mod_python PythonInterpreter main_interpreter PythonHandler trac.web.modpython_frontend PythonOption TracEnv PATH/trac1 PythonOption TracUriRoot /trac/trac1 PythonOption PYTHON_EGG_CACHE PATH/eggs/ </Location> <Location /trac/trac2> SetHandler mod_python PythonInterpreter main_interpreter PythonHandler trac.web.modpython_frontend PythonOption TracEnv PATH/trac2 PythonOption TracUriRoot /trac/trac2 PythonOption PYTHON_EGG_CACHE PATH/eggs/ </Location> <Location /trac/trac3> SetHandler mod_python PythonInterpreter main_interpreter PythonHandler trac.web.modpython_frontend PythonOption TracEnv PATH/trac3 PythonOption TracUriRoot /trac/trac3 PythonOption PYTHON_EGG_CACHE PATH/eggs/ </Location> i wonder if it's possible to do something like (TracEnvParentDir is not an option) <Location /trac/{ENV}> SetHandler mod_python PythonInterpreter main_interpreter PythonHandler trac.web.modpython_frontend PythonOption TracEnv PATH/{ENV} PythonOption TracUriRoot /trac/{ENV} PythonOption PYTHON_EGG_CACHE PATH/eggs/ </Location> Thank you for your time. EDIT: TracEnvParentDir is not an option because my structure is the following +---projs +---trac1 ¦ +---public [instance] ¦ +---t1 ¦ ¦ +---common [instance] ¦ ¦ +---g1 [instance] ¦ ¦ +---g2 [instance] ¦ ¦ +---g3 [instance] ¦ ¦ +---g4 [instance] ¦ ¦ +---g5 [instance] ¦ +---t2 ¦ ¦ +---common [instance] ¦ ¦ +---g1 [instance] ¦ ¦ +---g2 [instance] ¦ ¦ +---g3 [instance] ¦ ¦ +---g4 [instance] ¦ ¦ +---g5 [instance] ¦ +---t3 ¦ +---common [instance] ¦ +---g1 [instance] ¦ +---g2 [instance] ¦ +---g3 [instance] ¦ +---g4 [instance] ¦ +---g5 [instance] ¦ +---trac2 +---public [instance] +---t1 ¦ +---common [instance] ¦ +---g1 [instance] ¦ +---g2 [instance] ¦ +---g3 [instance] ¦ +---g4 [instance] ¦ +---g5 [instance] +---t2 ¦ +---common [instance] ¦ +---g1 [instance] ¦ +---g2 [instance] ¦ +---g3 [instance] ¦ +---g4 [instance] ¦ +---g5 [instance] +---t3 +---common [instance] +---g1 [instance] +---g2 [instance] +---g3 [instance] +---g4 [instance] +---g5 [instance] I use the TracEnvParentDir on t1, t2 and t3 and TracEnv on trac1/public and trac2/public I wonder if it's possible to define a part of the url variable.

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• How do I easily repair a single unreadable block on a Linux disk?

  - by Nelson

  My Linux system has started throwing SMART errors in the syslog. I tracked it down and believe the problem is a single block on the disk. How do I go about easily getting the disk to reallocate that one block? I'd like to know what file got destroyed in the process. (I'm aware that if one block fails on a disk others are likely to follow; I have a good ongoing backup and just want to try to keep this disk working.) Searching the web leads to the Bad block HOWTO, which describes a manual process on an unmounted disk. It seems complicated and error-prone. Is there a tool to automate this process in Linux? My only other option is the manufacturer's diagnostic tool, but I presume that'll clobber the bad block without any reporting on what got destroyed. Worst case, it might be filesystem metadata. The disk in question is the primary system partition. Using ext3fs and LVM. Here's the error log from syslog and the relevant bit from smartctl. smartd[5226]: Device: /dev/hda, 1 Currently unreadable (pending) sectors Error 1 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 17449 hours (727 days + 1 hours) ... Error: UNC at LBA = 0x00d39eee = 13868782 There's a full smartctl dump on pastebin.

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• ZFS - destroying deduplicated zvol or data set stalls the server. How to recover?

  - by ewwhite

  I'm using Nexentastor on a secondary storage server running on an HP ProLiant DL180 G6 with 12 Midline (7200 RPM) SAS drives. The system has an E5620 CPU and 8GB RAM. There is no ZIL or L2ARC device. Last week, I created a 750GB sparse zvol with dedup and compression enabled to share via iSCSI to a VMWare ESX host. I then created a Windows 2008 file server image and copied ~300GB of user data to the VM. Once happy with the system, I moved the virtual machine to an NFS store on the same pool. Once up and running with my VMs on the NFS datastore, I decided to remove the original 750GB zvol. Doing so stalled the system. Access to the Nexenta web interface and NMC halted. I was eventually able to get to a raw shell. Most OS operations were fine, but the system was hanging on the zfs destroy -r vol1/filesystem command. Ugly. I found the following two OpenSolaris bugzilla entries and now understand that the machine will be bricked for an unknown period of time. It's been 14 hours, so I need a plan to be able to regain access to the server. http://bugs.opensolaris.org/bugdatabase/view_bug.do?bug_id=6924390 and http://bugs.opensolaris.org/bugdatabase/view_bug.do;jsessionid=593704962bcbe0743d82aa339988?bug_id=6924824 In the future, I'll probably take the advice given in one of the buzilla workarounds: Workaround Do not use dedupe, and do not attempt to destroy zvols that had dedupe enabled. Update: I had to force the system to power off. Upon reboot, the system stalls at Importing zfs filesystems. It's been that way for 2 hours now.

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