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  • Create a partition table on a hardware RAID1 drive with [c]fdisk

    - by Lev Levitsky
    My question is, is there a reason for this not to work? Details: I have two 500 Gb drives, and my motherboard RAID support, so I created a RAID1 array and booted from a Linux live medium. I then listed the disks and, apart from the obvious /dev/sda, /dev/sdb, etc. there was /dev/md126 which, I figured, was the mirrored "virtual" drive. Its size was 475 Gb; I had seen that the size of the array would be smaller than 500 Gb when I was creating it, so no surprise there. I did cfdisk /dev/md126, created the necessary partitions and chose write. It's been about half an hour now, I think. It doesn't seem like it's ever going to finish. The only thing about cfdisk in dmesg is that it's "blocked for more than 120 seconds". Doing fdisk -l /dev/md126 in another terminal I see all three partitions I created and a note that "Partition 1 does not start on a physical sector boundary". The table is lost after reboot, though. I tried to partition /dev/sda individually, and it worked, the table was written in about a second. The "not on a physical sector boundary" message is there, too. EDIT: I tried fdisk on /dev/sda, then there were no messages about sector boundaries. After a reboot, I am able to use mkfs on /dev/dm126p1, etc. fdisk shows that /dev/md126 has the same partitions as /dev/sda (but /dev/sdb doesn't have any). But at some point ("writing superblock and filesystem accounting information") mkfs is also blocked. Using it on sda1 results in a "partition is used by the system" error. What can be the problem? EDIT 2: I booted a freshly updated system from a pendrive and was able to create partition table and filesystems on /dev/md126 without any apparent problems. Was it an issue with the support of the hardware? My MB is Asus P9X79.

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  • One USB flash drive to rule them all

    - by Chris
    Yesterday I purchased a 32GB USB flash drive. I have a myrid of systems in my home, and would like to have one flash drive with setup files for all the various systems throughout the house. I kept the Fat 32 filesystem on the drive, as I figured that is probably the most universal. I then made the partition bootable using fdisk. I then copied the Windows 7 setup files to the drive. I then installed grub 2 (1.98) onto the drive using backtrack 5. I was then able to load the windows 7 setup / install from the flash drive on an older BIOS type motherboard. Now I would like to know how to get this to work on my MacBook Pro 8,2 with still retaining support for legacy computers. Is this possible, or is this just a pipe dream. I plan on getting OS X on the drive, gparted, and OS X86 on the drive when all is said and done. I've done various google searches but really haven't found a guide on how to setup a swiss army usb flash drive.

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  • convert a logical partition to a primary partition

    - by ant2009
    Hello, Fedora 14 xfce I have the following partition setup. I would like to know how can I convert the logical partition sda6 to a primary partition. Disk /dev/sda: 320.1 GB, 320072933376 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 38913 cylinders, total 625142448 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x1707a8a5 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 2048 1026047 512000 83 Linux /dev/sda2 1026048 205844479 102409216 83 Linux /dev/sda3 205844480 214228991 4192256 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda4 214228992 625141759 205456384 5 Extended /dev/sda5 214231040 573562879 179665920 83 Linux /dev/sda6 573564928 625141759 25788416 7 HPFS/NTFS Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda2 97G 5.0G 91G 6% / tmpfs 494M 176K 494M 1% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 485M 68M 392M 15% /boot /dev/sda5 169G 26G 135G 16% /home # partition table of /dev/sda unit: sectors /dev/sda1 : start= 2048, size= 1024000, Id=83 /dev/sda2 : start= 1026048, size=204818432, Id=83 /dev/sda3 : start=205844480, size= 8384512, Id=82 /dev/sda4 : start=214228992, size=410912768, Id= 5 /dev/sda5 : start=214231040, size=359331840, Id=83 /dev/sda6 : start=573564928, size= 51576832, Id= 7 I would like to convert sda6 to a primary partition, the reason for this it to install windows 7 starter. Many thanks for any suggestions,

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  • Can't write to samba share

    - by Tiddo
    I try to setup a samba file server, but whatever I do I can't get write access to work (reading works fine). This is my current situation: I have a local fileserver with 3 harddisks mounted at /mnt/share/disk<nr>. 2 of these use the ext4 filesystem, the third one is ntfs. This file server runs Fedora 18 32-bit. The root folders of these harddisks are owned by superman:superman, and testparm outputs the following: [global] workgroup = WORKGROUP netbios name = FILE_SERVER server string = Samba Server Version %v interfaces = lo, eth0, 192.168.123.191/8 log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m max log size = 50 unix extensions = No load printers = No idmap config * : backend = tdb hosts allow = 192.168.123. cups options = raw wide links = Yes [share] comment = Home Directories path = /home/share/ write list = superman, @users force user = superman read only = No create mask = 0777 directory mask = 0777 inherit permissions = Yes guest ok = Yes I've tried a lot to get this to work: the disk are chmodded to 777, I've tried turning off selinux, I've added the samba_share_t label to the disks and as can be seen in the above output I tried to make the smb config as permissive as I could, but still I cannot write to the share (tried from Windows 7 and another Fedora installation). What can I try to be able to write to the shares? EDIT: The replies I got so far are mostly concerned with the smb.conf. I have however tried a lot of different setup, ready made configs, and solutions to similar problems for the smb.conf file, so I suspect that the real problem is somewhere else.

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  • Why does this loopback device creation malfunction?

    - by user50118
    The stackoverflow people thought this was more appropriate here, I put it there as it is part of a program but I can see their POV, so here it is: At the bottom of the code you can see it failing. In fact, I'll put it here at the start too because it is the problem I need to solve: [350591.924819] EXT4-fs (loop0): bad geometry: block count 9750806 exceeds size of device (9750168 blocks) I don't understand why the device is supposedly too small. I made this partition two days ago with normal fdisk, it was created and formatted with ext4 supplying no options other than the partition (/dev/sdb2) to format. The only explaination I can think of is that ext4 has the size of the partition wrong somehow but that seems very unlikely. What is wrong with my math? The offset is correct, you can see that with the file command, and the size should be correct too because End - Start comes to the same number of sectors minus 1, just like it should (A disk starting on sector 1 and ending on sector 2 would be 2 - 1 = 1 and have two sectors). # sfdisk -luS /dev/sdb Disk /dev/sdb: 9729 cylinders, 255 heads, 63 sectors/track Units = sectors of 512 bytes, counting from 0 Device Boot Start End #sectors Id System /dev/sdb2 78295040 156296384 78001345 83 Linux # losetup -r -f --show -o $((78295040 * 512)) --sizelimit $((78001345 * 512)) /dev/sdb /dev/loop0 # file -s /dev/loop0 /dev/loop0: Linux rev 1.0 ext4 filesystem data (needs journal recovery) (extents) (large files) (huge files) # mount -o ro -t ext4 /dev/loop0 /mnt mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/loop0, missing codepage or helper program, or other error In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so # dmesg | tail -n 1 [350591.924819] EXT4-fs (loop0): bad geometry: block count 9750806 exceeds size of device (9750168 blocks)

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  • Nginx wont send POST to fastcgi backend, but GET works fine?

    - by xyld
    Not sure why, but it is happy sending a GET to the fastcgi backend (Mercurial hgwebdir in this case), but simply resorts to the filesystem if the request is a POST. Relevant parts of nginx.conf: location / { root /var/www/htdocs/; index index.html; autoindex on; } location /hg { fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/hg-fastcgi.socket; include fastcgi_params; if ($request_uri ~ ^/hg([^?#]*)) { set $rewritten_uri $1; } limit_except GET { allow all; deny all; auth_basic "hg secured repos"; auth_basic_user_file /var/trac.htpasswd; } fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME "/hg"; fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $rewritten_uri; # for authentication fastcgi_param AUTH_USER $remote_user; fastcgi_param REMOTE_USER $remote_user; #fastcgi_pass_header Authorization; #fastcgi_intercept_errors on; } GET's work fine, but POST delivers this error to the error_log: 2010/05/17 14:12:27 [error] 18736#0: *1601 open() "/usr/html/hg/test" failed (2: No such file or directory), client: XX.XX.XX.XX, server: domain.com, request: "POST /hg/test HTTP/1.1", host: "domain.com" What could possibly be the issue? I'm trying to allow read-only access via GET's to the page, but require authorization when using hg push to the same url which sends a POST request.

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  • using a second computer as a mere screen/monitor in X (VNC?)

    - by lara michaels
    Hello My goal is to use three monitors with my Linux system. It is a laptop, so adding another video card is not the easiest solution. (I have investigated a number of such options: getting a docking station with a PCI slot, USB/Cardbus vga adapters, etc, and for the time being don't want to go that way.) I am wondering if using an older desktop+screen I have lying around as the third "monitor" might be the easiest solution, if only there is a way to get it to work as a seamless, integrated desktop. I was wondering if I can use VNC or perhaps X itself (?) to achieve the following: computer A is my main computer; it has all my files, etc. computer B is used just to display on an additional screen keyboard+mouse are connected to computer A use VNC or X to connect the two so that computer B shows a X screen that is just as if it was a third physical screen connected to computer A. I don't know if the last point is clear, but what I mean is that I would like to be able to: be able to have my window manager assign/move around virtual desktops on all three screens move windows back and forth between the screens attached to computer A and the screen of computer B be able to copy something in an app being shown on a screen of computer A and paste it into an app being shown on the screen attached to computer B access the filesystem on my main computer (A) when using applications that are being shown on the screen attached to computer B Basically, I would like X to treat computer B just like it was nothing but a third physical screen... Is this doable? : ) ~lara

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  • Compiling linux kernel, how much size is needed?

    - by ant2009
    Hello, I am have downloaded the newest most stable linux kernel 2.6.33.2 I thought I would test this using virtualbox. So I create a dynamically sized harddisk of 4gb. And installed CentOS 5.3 with just the minimum packages. I setup the make menuconfig with just the default settings. After that I ran make and got the following error: net/bluetooth/hci_sysfs.o: final close failed: No space left on device make[2]: *** [net/bluetooth/hci_sysfs.o] Error 1 make[1]: *** [net/bluetooth] Error 2 make: *** [net] Error 2 The amount of space I have left is: # df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00 3.3G 3.3G 0 100% / /dev/hda1 99M 12M 82M 13% /boot tmpfs 125M 0 125M 0% /dev/shm My virtual size is 4gb, but the actual size is 3.5gb $ ls -hl total 7.5G -rw-------. 1 root root 3.5G 2010-04-13 14:08 LFS.vdi How much size should I give when compiling and installing a linux kernel? Is there any guidelines to follow when doing this? This is my first time, so just experimenting with this. Many thanks,

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  • Does this exist: a standardized way of documenting a file-system structure

    - by eegg
    At work, I'm in charge of maintaining the organization of a whole lot of varied data on a standard file-system. Part of this is coming up with sensible classification (by similarity, need, read/write access, etc), but the bigger part is actually documenting it: what documents/files/media should go where, what should not be in this directory, "for something slightly different, see ../../other-dir", etc. At the moment, I've documented this using a plaintext file filing.txt in every directory I want to document. If someone is unsure what's meant to be in any directory, they read that file. This works alright, but it seems odd that I have this primitive custom solution to a problem that any maintainer of a non-trivial directory structure must experience. Every company I've known of, for example, has some kind of shared file-system where agreed terminology for categorization is important. In my experience, people just have to learn what's what by trial-and-error and experimentation. So allow me to propose a better solution, and hopefully you can tell me if it exists. Any directory on any filesystem can have a hidden plaintext file named .filing. Its contents are descriptive human language. It uses some markup like Markdown, with little more than bold, italic, and (relative) hyperlinks to other directories. Now a suitably-enabled file browser will check for a file named .filing whenever it displays a directory. If it exists, its contents are parsed and displayed in an unobtrusive pane near the directory-path widget. Any links therein can be clicked, and the user will be taken to the target directory of that link. I think that the effort of implementing such a standard would pay back many times over in usability gains. We would have, say, plugins for Nautilus, Konqueror, etc.. It could be used to display directory information in the standard file lists served by webservers. And so on. So, question: does such a thing exist? If not, why not? Do people think it's a worthwhile idea?

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  • Permanently deleting files on Mac OS

    - by Jonik
    A while back, as relatively new Mac OS X user, I was surprised to learn that you cannot easily delete files. Directly, that is, without moving them to the trash first. On Windows and Linux this can obviously be done with ease, but not so on the Mac. I noticed this when trying clear up files from a USB memory stick — removing the files ("move to trash") does not free up space; that happens only after emptying the whole system-wide Trash. Not particularly convenient! (It seems stupid to have to empty the whole trashcan just to make some space on the USB stick. There might be gigabytes of stuff in there, and this sort of defeats its purpose - what if you'd actually need to restore something from the trash some day.) So, what's your way of getting around this? Have you bought a 3rd party application like RAW Trash for $16.95 just to delete files, or do you diligently empty the trashcan whenever needed? Or did I miss something? Also, can you convince me that this is actually the way it should be — that users shouldn't be able to fiddle with the filesystem easily? :)

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  • Converting software RAID1 to RAID10 for /boot

    - by luckytaxi
    Array info: /dev/md0 - /dev/sda1 and /dev/sdb1 /dev/md2 - /dev/sda2 and /dev/sdb2 Partition info: /boot - /dev/md0 / - /dev/md1 I have two drives that are setup as RAID1 using software RAID on Redhat. I added two additional drives (same size) and I would like to conver the RAID1 to a RAID10. The problem I'm having is adding the last drive to the array. I've gotten as far as creating a RAID10 with two missing devices but as soon as I add the last drive, all hell breaks loose. It seems /dev/sda1 is the culprit. What I'm not too sure about is how to create the RAID10. I've tried the following mdadm --create /dev/md2 --level=raid10 --raid-device=4 /dev/sdc1 missing /dev/sdd1 missing I then proceeded to fail /dev/sdb1 from /dev/md0 and added that partition to /dev/md2. I proceeded to install the MBR on EACH partition since boot resides on /dev/sdx1 on each drive. As a test, all is well, I'm able to boot back into the system once I do a quick reboot. Now, when I go add the last drive /dev/sda1, it breaks. I attempted to install grub on /dev/sda1 and I get the following ... grub> root (hd0,0) /dev/sda root (hd0,0) /dev/sda Filesystem type is ext2fs, partition type 0xfd grub> setup (hd0) setup (hd0) Checking if "/boot/grub/stage1" exists... no Checking if "/grub/stage1" exists... no Error 2: Bad file or directory type At this point, the array is hosed I believe. I rebooted the server and it refuses to boot.

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  • Did chkdsk make it harder to restore files?

    - by neyl
    My friend asked me to try and fix his loaded Sansa Clip + which wasn't playing. After opening it in MSC mode I discovered that the Music directory was empty and total of all files was only a few MB. However Disk properties showed me that it was 7Gb full. I then ran Tools - Error Checking and Windows dutifully informed me that disk was corrupt and I should run again Allowing Windows to Fix Errors. I did that and it told me everything was fixed and that all files were placed in FOUND.000 Dir. FOUND.000 was about 7.5 GB with FILE0000-1546 . CHK. (I am aware of methods like ChkBack to scan and convert to mp3 etc BUT Original filenames and structure needed!) Now I started getting worried that I made things worse! I have plenty of experience with Data Recovery Programs - Recuva, Restore My Files etc. and I was anyhow planning to use them to scan the drive. But NOW after CHKDSK "fixed" the drive maybe it modified critical FAT information vital for data recovery. So I run these programs and 0!!!. No trace of files! I tried a ton of Recovery Programs with same results TILL EaseUS Data Recovery Wizard found all files and I purchased program for $55! My Question In your opinion - did running CHKDSK with automatic fixing of errors make matters worse (i.e. many data recovery progs. didn't find a trace and they would have done if not for chkdsk) or was the filesystem too corrupt anyhow for regular File Recovery Progs.? If I would be a Professional - would I be responsible for running CHKDSK - automatic Fixing. Do you know of a better Data Recovery Program than EaseUs Data Recovery wizard - According to my experience I haven't found better!? Thanks

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  • How to re-add a RAID-10 failed drive on Ubuntu?

    - by thiesdiggity
    I have a problem that I can't seem to solve. We have a Ubuntu server setup with RAID-10 and two of the drives dropped out of the array. When I try to re-add them using the following command: mdadm --manage --re-add /dev/md2 /dev/sdc1 I get the following error message: mdadm: Cannot open /dev/sdc1: Device or resource busy When I do a "cat /proc/mdstat" I get the following: Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [r$ md2 : active raid10 sdb1[0] sdd1[3] 1953519872 blocks 64K chunks 2 near-copies [4/2] [U__U] md1 : active raid1 sda2[0] sdc2[1] 468853696 blocks [2/2] [UU] md0 : active raid1 sda1[0] sdc1[1] 19530688 blocks [2/2] [UU] unused devices: <none> When I run "/sbin/mdadm --detail /dev/md2" I get the following: /dev/md2: Version : 00.90 Creation Time : Mon Sep 5 23:41:13 2011 Raid Level : raid10 Array Size : 1953519872 (1863.02 GiB 2000.40 GB) Used Dev Size : 976759936 (931.51 GiB 1000.20 GB) Raid Devices : 4 Total Devices : 2 Preferred Minor : 2 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Thu Oct 25 09:25:08 2012 State : active, degraded Active Devices : 2 Working Devices : 2 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0 Layout : near=2, far=1 Chunk Size : 64K UUID : c6d87d27:aeefcb2e:d4453e2e:0b7266cb Events : 0.6688691 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 17 0 active sync /dev/sdb1 1 0 0 1 removed 2 0 0 2 removed 3 8 49 3 active sync /dev/sdd1 Output of df -h is: Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/md1 441G 2.0G 416G 1% / none 32G 236K 32G 1% /dev tmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /dev/shm none 32G 112K 32G 1% /var/run none 32G 0 32G 0% /var/lock none 32G 0 32G 0% /lib/init/rw tmpfs 64G 215M 63G 1% /mnt/vmware none 441G 2.0G 416G 1% /var/lib/ureadahead/debugfs /dev/mapper/RAID10VG-RAID10LV 1.8T 139G 1.6T 8% /mnt/RAID10 When I do a "fdisk -l" I can see all the drives needed for the RAID-10. The RAID-10 is part of the /dev/mapper, could that be the reason why the device is coming back as busy? Anyone have any suggestions on what I can try to get the drives back into the array? Any help would be greatly appreciated. Thanks!

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  • Ubuntu hard disk getting SATA errors

    - by Henadzy
    I am getting "UNC" errors on a hard disk on Ubuntu 9.10. It slows down my system, applications have not been responding for a long time. But when I mount the filesystem on another computer, it works properly. disk: SAMSUNG HD161HJ (SATA) syslog: Apr 25 00:28:25 vare6gin kernel: [ 885.773839] ata3.00: exception Emask 0x1 SAct 0x1e SErr 0x0 action 0x6 frozen Apr 25 00:28:25 vare6gin kernel: [ 885.773845] ata3.00: Ata error. fis:0x21 Apr 25 00:28:25 vare6gin kernel: [ 885.773861] ata3.00: cmd 60/08:08:3f:00:ad/00:00:10:00:00/40 tag 1 ncq 4096 in Apr 25 00:28:25 vare6gin kernel: [ 885.773864] res 51/40:24:67:c8:91/40:00:05:00:00/40 Emask 0x9 (media error) Apr 25 00:28:25 vare6gin kernel: [ 885.773871] ata3.00: status: { DRDY ERR } Apr 25 00:28:25 vare6gin kernel: [ 885.773877] ata3.00: error: { UNC } [...snip 3 similar repeats of last 4 lines; see revision history for full log...] Apr 25 00:28:25 vare6gin kernel: [ 885.773970] ata3: hard resetting link Apr 25 00:28:25 vare6gin kernel: [ 885.773974] ata3: nv: skipping hardreset on occupied port Apr 25 00:28:25 vare6gin kernel: [ 886.240073] ata3: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300) Apr 25 00:28:25 vare6gin kernel: [ 886.256277] ata3.00: configured for UDMA/133 Apr 25 00:28:25 vare6gin kernel: [ 886.256305] ata3: EH complete Apr 25 00:28:27 vare6gin kernel: [ 888.176088] ata3: EH in SWNCQ mode,QC:qc_active 0xF sactive 0xF Apr 25 00:28:27 vare6gin kernel: [ 888.176099] ata3: SWNCQ:qc_active 0xF defer_bits 0x0 last_issue_tag 0x3 Apr 25 00:28:27 vare6gin kernel: [ 888.176102] dhfis 0xF dmafis 0x1 sdbfis 0x0 Apr 25 00:28:27 vare6gin kernel: [ 888.176109] ata3: ATA_REG 0x51 ERR_REG 0x40 Apr 25 00:28:27 vare6gin kernel: [ 888.176113] ata3: tag : dhfis dmafis sdbfis sacitve Apr 25 00:28:27 vare6gin kernel: [ 888.176120] ata3: tag 0x0: 1 1 0 1 Apr 25 00:28:27 vare6gin kernel: [ 888.176126] ata3: tag 0x1: 1 0 0 1 Apr 25 00:28:27 vare6gin kernel: [ 888.176131] ata3: tag 0x2: 1 0 0 1 Apr 25 00:28:27 vare6gin kernel: [ 888.176136] ata3: tag 0x3: 1 0 0 1

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  • Recovering a mdadm+lvm+ext4 partition with read error

    - by bitwelder
    One of disks in my NAS has failed. The NAS is running Linux, and it uses mdadm + LVM technology for its filesystems. I do have backup for most of the contents, but not for the very last changes, and if possible, I'd like to recover that from this failing disk. The disk (a 'green drive' WD10EARS 1TB in size) throws this kind of errors: Oct 3 12:00:41 kernel: [ 3625.620000] ata5.00: read unc at 9453282 Oct 3 12:00:41 kernel: [ 3625.620000] lba 9453282 start 9453280 end 1953511007 Oct 3 12:00:41 kernel: [ 3625.620000] sde5 auto_remap 0 Oct 3 12:00:41 kernel: [ 3625.630000] ata5.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x1 SErr 0x0 action 0x6 Oct 3 12:00:41 kernel: [ 3625.630000] ata5.00: edma_err_cause=00000084 pp_flags=00000003, dev error, EDMA self-disable Oct 3 12:00:41 kernel: [ 3625.640000] ata5.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED Oct 3 12:00:41 kernel: [ 3625.650000] ata5.00: cmd 60/40:00:e0:3e:90/00:00:00:00:00/40 tag 0 ncq 32768 in Oct 3 12:00:41 kernel: [ 3625.650000] res 41/40:00:e2:3e:90/12:00:00:00:00/40 Emask 0x409 (media error) <F> Oct 3 12:00:41 kernel: [ 3625.660000] ata5.00: status: { DRDY ERR } However, while testing with 'dd', I noticed that if I skip the first 4kB, the read seems to be ok, i.e. a command like. dd if=/dev/sde5 of=dev/null bs=4k count=1000 skip=1 doesn't return any read error. Supposing that there is no other read failure in the rest of the disk, would I be able to recover this 900 GB partition (as I mentioned before, it's a 'linux raid autodetect' partition, that contains a a LVM2 volume that contains a ext4 filesystem) if I copy-clone the partition somewhere else, but the first 4kB?

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  • Copy past speed very slow for a large number of tiny files on Windows but not on linux

    - by Arno2501
    I've got this folder which contains 15'000 of tiny images (around 400 bytes each). If I copy past this folder on my laptop (Windows 7, i7 latest gen, superfast ssd) it takes about 30 seconds (yes for 7 megs !!!) the average transfer rate is 400 KBytes / second which is so slow. I mean my usual transfer rate is more like hundreds of MBytes per second !!! I get the same problem on my servers (Windows 2003, 2008 /r2) and on every Windows box that I could get my hands on. On the other hand if I do the same on a linux box (debian base, Ext3 FS) (which runs on the same SAN than all the windows servers I've tested) It's nearly instantaneous !!! I'm pretty sure the size / number of the files may stress such filesystem more than another but such differences !? Why is that ? Why is it so slow on the windows boxes (more that 30 sec for 7 MB) and so fast on the linux ones (one sec or so) (I mean this was not a hardlink that I've created it was a true copy). Is it a normal behaviour or something unusual ?

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  • setup lowcost image storage server with 24x SSD array to get high IOPS?

    - by Nenad
    I want to build let's name it a lowcost Ra*san which would host for our social site the images (many millions) we have 5 sizes of every photo with 3 KB, 7 KB, 15 KB, 25 KB and 80 KB per Image. My idea is to build a Server with 24x consumer 240 GB SSD's in Raid 6 which will give me some 5 TB Disk space for the photo storage. To have HA I can add a 2nd one and use drdb. I'm looking to get above 150'000 IOPS (4K Random reads). As we mostly have read access only and rarely delete photos i think to go with consumer MLC SSD. I read many endurance reviews and don't see there a problem as long we don't rewrite the cells. What you think about my idea? - I'm not sure between Raid 6 or Raid 10 (more IOPS, cost SSD). - Is ext4 OK for the filesystem - Would you use 1 or 2 Raid controller, with Extender Backplane If anyone has realized something similar i would be happy to get Real World numbers. UPDATE I have buy 12 (plus some spare) OCZ Talos 480GB SAS SSD Drive's they will be placed in a 12-bay DAS and attached to a PERC H800 (1GB NV Cache, manufactured by LSI with fastpath) Controller, I plan to setup Raid 50 with ext4. If someone is wondering about some benchmarks let me know what you would like to see.

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  • Heartbeat/DRBD failover didn't work as expected. How do I make the failover more robust?

    - by Quinn Murphy
    I had a scenario where a DRBD-heartbeat set up had a failed node but did not failover. What happened was the primary node had locked up, but didn't go down directly (it was inaccessible via ssh or with the nfs mount, but it could be pinged). The desired behavior would have been to detect this and failover to the secondary node, but it appears that since the primary didn't go full down (there is a dedicated network connection from server to server), heartbeat's detection mechanism didn't pick up on that and therefore didn't failover. Has anyone seen this? Is there something that I need to configure to have more robust cluster failover? DRBD seems to otherwise work fine (had to resync when I rebooted the old primary), but without good failover, it's use is limited. heartbeat 3.0.4 drbd84 RHEL 6.1 We are not using Pacemaker nfs03 is the primary server in this setup, and nfs01 is the secondary. ha.cf # Hearbeat Logging logfacility daemon udpport 694 ucast eth0 192.168.10.47 ucast eth0 192.168.10.42 # Cluster members node nfs01.openair.com node nfs03.openair.com # Hearbeat communication timing. # Sets the triggers and pulse time for swapping over. keepalive 1 warntime 10 deadtime 30 initdead 120 #fail back automatically auto_failback on and here is the haresources file: nfs03.openair.com IPaddr::192.168.10.50/255.255.255.0/eth0 drbddisk::data Filesystem::/dev/drbd0::/data::ext4 nfs nfslock

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  • Will these instructions work when turning of journaling on an ext4 SSD?

    - by snowlord
    I have an Acer Aspire One with an SSD for storage. I recently installed Ubuntu on it and chose ext4 for my filesystem. Then I read that journaling on an SSD isn't the best idea, so I will try to disable journaling and I have found these intstructions (from http://fenidik.blogspot.com/2010/03/ext4-disable-journal.html): # Create ext4 fs on /dev/sda10 disk mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda10 # Enable writeback mode. This mode will typically provide the best ext4 performance. tune2fs -o journal_data_writeback /dev/sda10 # Delete has_journal option tune2fs -O ^has_journal /dev/sda10 # Required fsck e2fsck -f /dev/sda10 # Check fs options dumpe2fs /dev/sda10 |more For more performance add fstab opions: data=writeback,noatime,nodiratime i.e: /dev/sda10 /opt ext4 defaults,data=writeback,noatime,nodiratime 0 0 I will use them on my boot partition. Are there any particularly bad parts here, or are there any missing steps? Will my boot partition be fit for being on an SSD after this? Or should I consider switching to ext2, or even reinstall it all and choose ext2 at partitioning time (I'd rather not though, since I've configured quite some stuff already)?

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  • Old scheduled task still being started, but can't find it.

    - by JvO
    System: Windows XP Home Summary: Some scheduled task is still being started by Windows, but I can't find it, nor determine where its configuration has been stored. This is turning into a mystery for me... I set up a Windows XP Home machine to run a task at 7:00 AM, using the Task manager. This was a clean install, no users defined, so you got straight to the desktop after starting the machine. The filesystem uses NTFS. Later on, I needed to introduce users, so I created one (named Sam) with administrator privileges. After this I noticed that the scheduled task failed, most likely due to privilege errors (i.e. can't write to a network drive). So I want to delete the old task, and add it again with the correct user credentials. However.... I can't find the old task!! I know it is still being executed at 7:00 AM, but there's no mention anywhere on the system of this task. I've looked in c:\windows\tasks for .job files, but there's only the "MP Scheduled Scan.job" from Security Essentials. I've searched the whole disk for mention of the batch file that is being run, but can't find it. So why is this old task still running, and more importantly, why can't I find it? Would it have something to do with introducing users on XP?

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  • Failing to load rootfs: Ubuntu 10 + grub2 + rootfs ext4 w/ RAID1

    - by James
    I am having problems booting a new Ubuntu 10 (server) install. My primary HD (/dev/sda) is laid out as follows: Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 18 144553+ 83 Linux <-- /BOOT /dev/sda2 19 182401 1464991447+ 5 Extended /dev/sda5 19 2207 17583111 fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sda6 2208 11934 78132096 fd Linux raid autodetect <-- / (ROOTFS) /dev/sda7 11935 182401 1369276146 fd Linux raid autodetect The rootfs is part of a RAID1 (software) array (currently degraded): # cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10] md2 : active raid1 sda6[1] 78132032 blocks [2/1] [_U] The UUIDs for the partitions are as follows: # blkid /dev/sda1 /dev/sda1: UUID="b25dd301-41b9-4f4d-9b0a-0e31713dd74c" TYPE="ext2" # blkid /dev/sda6 /dev/sda6: UUID="af7b9ede-fa53-c0c1-74be-31ec752c5cd5" TYPE="linux_raid_member" # blkid /dev/md2 /dev/md2: UUID="a0602d42-6855-482f-870c-6f6ecdcdae3f" TYPE="ext4" Finally, I have my grub2 menuentry setup as follows: ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.32-25-server' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { insmod ext2 insmod raid insmod mdraid set root='(hd0,1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set b25dd301-41b9-4f4d-9b0a-0e31713dd74c linux /vmlinuz-2.6.32-25-server root=UUID=a0602d42-6855-482f-870c-6f6ecdcdae3f ro nosplash noplymouth initrd /initrd.img-2.6.32-25-server } When I attempt to boot, grub loads OK, however I eventually get the following error message: Gave up waiting for root device. ALERT /dev/disk/by-uuid/a0602d42-6855-482f-870c-6f6ecdcdae3f does not exist. Dropping to a shell! If from the grub bootloader I open a grub command line, I can ls (hd0,) and it lists the correct partitions with the UUIDs as shown above - sda6 shows 'a0602d42-6855-482f-870c-6f6ecdcdae3f' (the RAID UUID). If I ls (md2)/ it properly lists all the files on the RAID1 filesystem (ext4) so it doesn't appear to be an issue accessing the raid device. Does anyone have any suggestions as to what the problem might be? I can't figure this one out.

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  • Apache DAV at `/` with normal hosting at `/foo` - how?

    - by mandrake
    Should I not be able to have a configuration where I serve SVN repos with SVNParentPath at <Location /> and then override DAV and host normal files using another location <Location /foo>? I wish to host my XSLT files on the same subdomain and still host repos at root. Of course, if I was to have a repo called foo, that would not be accessible, and that's ok. <VirtualHost *:80> ... #Host XSLT files here <Location /foo> DAV Off </Location> #Host my repos relative to root, such as /my_repo/ <Location /> DAV svn SVNParentPath "myrepos" SVNListParentPath on SVNIndexXSLT "/foo/my.xsl" ... </Location> </VirtualHost> But DAV SVN still looks for a repo: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <D:error xmlns:D="DAV:" xmlns:m="http://apache.org/dav/xmlns" xmlns:C="svn:"> <C:error/> <m:human-readable errcode="720003"> Could not open the requested SVN filesystem </m:human-readable> </D:error>

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  • Sparc Solaris 2.6 will not boot

    - by joshxdr
    I have a very old Sparc Solaris network that was working fine last week, but after a power outage none of the workstations will boot. The network looks like this: host A: solaris 2.6, shares /export/home to network by NFS host B: solaris 8, runs NIS server. Mounts /export/home/ by NFS. host C: RHEL5, shares /share to network by NFS. Mounts /export/home/ by NFS. I figured that the main problem was host A, since you need the home directories available for the other workstations to boot(?). Host A does not mount anything by NFS as far as I know. However, this workstation will NOT boot. The OBP bootup sequence looks like this: Boot device <blah> configuring network interface le0 Hostname <hostname> check file system <everything ok> check ufs filesystem <everything ok> NIS domainname is <name> starting router discovery starting rpc services: rpcbind keyserv ypbind done setting default interface for multicast: add net 224.0.0.0: gateway <hostname> <HANGS at this point> Is there some kind of debug mode so that I can get more detail as to why the workstation won't boot? Is my network structure inherently susceptible to power outage? Is there a way I can boot up to command line so I can at least turn off the NFS mounting?

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  • Need a place to store a few bytes of meta information on storage media

    - by Jason C
    I'm working on an embedded project. I need a place to store some filesystem-independent meta information on a storage device. The device has an MSDOS partition table. The device also may have unallocated space (depending on its size) but it will be TRIMmed (and also may be blown away by new partitions in the future). I need a location on the device that is not unallocated and that has a low risk of being touched (outside of completely erasing the device). The device is only guaranteed to have an MBR at the point the meta data needs to first be written; meaning there are no EBRs/VBRs present that I could use. There are 446 bytes at the very start of the device available for MBR bootstrap code. Currently my only idea is to store data at the end of this block. However, the device is bootable and I have no way of knowing if I'd be blowing away bootstrap code or not. The sector size is 512 bytes and the MBR is the first sector, I'm pretty sure (correct me if I'm wrong) that that means the second sector is available for use by partition data, so I can't use that either. Does anybody have any ideas? I need 4 bytes of space.

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  • How to force mdadm to stop RAID5 array?

    - by lucek
    I have /dev/md127 RAID5 array that consisted of four drives. I managed to hot remove them from the array and currently /dev/md127 does not have any drives: cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10] md0 : active raid1 sdd1[0] sda1[1] 304052032 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU] md1 : active raid0 sda5[1] sdd5[0] 16770048 blocks super 1.2 512k chunks md127 : active raid5 super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [4/0] [____] unused devices: <none> and mdadm --detail /dev/md127 /dev/md127: Version : 1.2 Creation Time : Thu Sep 6 10:39:57 2012 Raid Level : raid5 Array Size : 8790402048 (8383.18 GiB 9001.37 GB) Used Dev Size : 2930134016 (2794.39 GiB 3000.46 GB) Raid Devices : 4 Total Devices : 0 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Fri Sep 7 17:19:47 2012 State : clean, FAILED Active Devices : 0 Working Devices : 0 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0 Layout : left-symmetric Chunk Size : 512K Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 0 0 0 removed 1 0 0 1 removed 2 0 0 2 removed 3 0 0 3 removed I've tried to do mdadm --stop /dev/md127 but: mdadm --stop /dev/md127 mdadm: Cannot get exclusive access to /dev/md127:Perhaps a running process, mounted filesystem or active volume group? I made sure that it's unmounted, umount -l /dev/md127 and confirmed that it indeed is unmounted: umount /dev/md127 umount: /dev/md127: not mounted I've tried to zero superblock of each drive and I get (for each drive): mdadm --zero-superblock /dev/sde1 mdadm: Unrecognised md component device - /dev/sde1 Here's output of lsof|grep md127: lsof|grep md127 md127_rai 276 root cwd DIR 9,0 4096 2 / md127_rai 276 root rtd DIR 9,0 4096 2 / md127_rai 276 root txt unknown /proc/276/exe What else can I do? LVM is not even installed so it can't be a factor.

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