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• HOW TO: Draggable legend in matplotlib

  - by Adam Fraser

  QUESTION: I'm drawing a legend on an axes object in matplotlib but the default positioning which claims to place it in a smart place doesn't seem to work. Ideally, I'd like to have the legend be draggable by the user. How can this be done? SOLUTION: Well, I found bits and pieces of the solution scattered among mailing lists. I've come up with a nice modular chunk of code that you can drop in and use... here it is: class DraggableLegend: def __init__(self, legend): self.legend = legend self.gotLegend = False legend.figure.canvas.mpl_connect('motion_notify_event', self.on_motion) legend.figure.canvas.mpl_connect('pick_event', self.on_pick) legend.figure.canvas.mpl_connect('button_release_event', self.on_release) legend.set_picker(self.my_legend_picker) def on_motion(self, evt): if self.gotLegend: dx = evt.x - self.mouse_x dy = evt.y - self.mouse_y loc_in_canvas = self.legend_x + dx, self.legend_y + dy loc_in_norm_axes = self.legend.parent.transAxes.inverted().transform_point(loc_in_canvas) self.legend._loc = tuple(loc_in_norm_axes) self.legend.figure.canvas.draw() def my_legend_picker(self, legend, evt): return self.legend.legendPatch.contains(evt) def on_pick(self, evt): if evt.artist == self.legend: bbox = self.legend.get_window_extent() self.mouse_x = evt.mouseevent.x self.mouse_y = evt.mouseevent.y self.legend_x = bbox.xmin self.legend_y = bbox.ymin self.gotLegend = 1 def on_release(self, event): if self.gotLegend: self.gotLegend = False ...and in your code... def draw(self): ax = self.figure.add_subplot(111) scatter = ax.scatter(np.random.randn(100), np.random.randn(100)) legend = DraggableLegend(ax.legend()) I emailed the Matplotlib-users group and John Hunter was kind enough to add my solution it to SVN HEAD. On Thu, Jan 28, 2010 at 3:02 PM, Adam Fraser wrote: I thought I'd share a solution to the draggable legend problem since it took me forever to assimilate all the scattered knowledge on the mailing lists... Cool -- nice example. I added the code to legend.py. Now you can do leg = ax.legend() leg.draggable() to enable draggable mode. You can repeatedly call this func to toggle the draggable state. I hope this is helpful to people working with matplotlib.

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• Workflow for academic research projects, one-step builds, and the Joel Test

  - by Steve

  Working alone on academic research sometimes breeds bad habits. With no one else reading my code, I would write a lot of throw-away code, and I would lose track of intermediate results which, weeks or months later, I wish I had retained. My recent attempts to make my personal workflow conform to the Joel Test raised interesting questions. Academic research has inherently different goals than industrial software development, and therefore some aspects of the Joel Test become less valid. Nevertheless, I find these steps to be still valuable for academic research: Do you use source control? Can you make a build in one step? Do you have an up-to-date schedule? Do you have a spec? Of particular use is the one-step build. I find myself more organized now that I have implemented the following "one-step build": In other words, I have a single script, build.py, that accepts Python code, data, and TeX as inputs. The outputs are results, figures, and a paper with all the results filled in. (Yes, I know "build" is probably not accurate in this context, but you get the idea.) By consolidating many small steps into one, I am not backtracking as much as I used to. ...but I'm sure there is still room for improvement. Question: For research projects, which steps of the Joel Test do you still value? Do you have a one-step build? If so, what does yours consist of, i.e., what inputs does it accept, and what output does it generate?

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• Django: Validation error in Admin

  - by tomwolber

  NEWBIE ALERT! background: For the first time, I am writing a model that needs to be validated. I cannot have two Items that have overlapping "date ranges". I have everything working, except when I raise forms.ValidationError, I get the yellow screen of death (debug=true) or a 500 page (debug=false). My question: How can I have an error message show up in the Admin (like when you leave a required filed blank)? Sorry for my inexperience, please let me know if I can clarify the question better. Models.py from django.db import models from django import forms from django.forms import ModelForm from django.db.models import Q class Item(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=500) slug = models.SlugField(unique=True) startDate = models.DateField("Start Date", unique="true") endDate = models.DateField("End Date") def save(self, *args, **kwargs): try: Item.objects.get(Q(startDate__range=(self.startDate,self.endDate))|Q(endDate__range=(self.startDate,self.endDate))|Q(startDate__lt=self.startDate,endDate__gt=self.endDate)) #check for validation, which may raise an Item.DoesNotExist error, excepted below #if the validation fails, raise this error: raise forms.ValidationError('Someone has already got that date, or somesuch error message') except Item.DoesNotExist: super(Item,self).save(*args,**kwargs) def __unicode__(self): return self.name def get_absolute_url(self): return "/adtest/%s/" % self.slug

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• "Pretty" Continuous Integration for Python

  - by dbr

  This is a slightly.. vain question, but BuildBot's output isn't particularly nice to look at.. For example, compared to.. phpUnderControl Hudson CruiseControl.rb ..and others, BuildBot looks rather.. archaic I'm currently playing with Hudson, but it is very Java-centric (although with this guide, I found it easier to setup than BuildBot, and produced more info) Basically: is there any Continuous Integration systems aimed at python, that produce lots of shiney graphs and the likes? Update: After trying a few alternatives, I think I'll stick with Hudson. Integrity was nice and simple, but quite limited. I think Buildbot is better suited to having numerous build-slaves, rather than everything running on a single machine like I was using it. Setting Hudson up for a Python project was pretty simple: Download Hudson from https://hudson.dev.java.net/ Run it with java -jar hudson.war Open the web interface on the default address of http://localhost:8080 Go to Manage Hudson, Plugins, click "Update" or similar Install the Git plugin (I had to set the git path in the Hudson global preferences) Create a new project, enter the repository, SCM polling intervals and so on Install nosetests via easy_install if it's not already In the a build step, add nosetests --with-xunit --verbose Check "Publish JUnit test result report" and set "Test report XMLs" to **/nosetests.xml That's all that's required. You can setup email notifications, and the plugins are worth a look. A few I'm currently using for Python projects: SLOCCount plugin to count lines of code (and graph it!) - you need to install sloccount separately Violations to parse the PyLint output (you can setup warning thresholds, graph the number of violations over each build) Cobertura can parse the coverage.py output. Nosetest can gather coverage while running your tests, using nosetests --with-coverage (this writes the output to **/coverage.xml)

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• Django one form for two models

  - by martinthenext

  Hello! I have a ForeignKey relationship between TextPage and Paragraph and my goal is to make front-end TextPage creating/editing form as if it was in ModelAdmin with 'inlines': several field for the TextPage and then a couple of Paragraph instances stacked inline. The problem is that i have no idea about how to validate and save that: @login_required def textpage_add(request): profile = request.user.profile_set.all()[0] if not (profile.is_admin() or profile.is_editor()): raise Http404 PageFormSet = inlineformset_factory(TextPage, Paragraph, extra=5) if request.POST: try: textpageform = TextPageForm(request.POST) # formset = PageFormSet(request.POST) except forms.ValidationError as error: textpageform = TextPageForm() formset = PageFormSet() return render_to_response('textpages/manage.html', { 'formset' : formset, 'textpageform' : textpageform, 'error' : str(error), }, context_instance=RequestContext(request)) # Saving data if textpageform.is_valid() and formset.is_valid(): textpageform.save() formset.save() return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse(consults)) else: textpageform = TextPageForm() formset = PageFormSet() return render_to_response('textpages/manage.html', { 'formset' : formset, 'textpageform' : textpageform, }, context_instance=RequestContext(request)) I know I't a kind of code-monkey style to post code that you don't even expect to work but I wanted to show what I'm trying to accomplish. Here is the relevant part of models.py: class TextPage(models.Model): title = models.CharField(max_length=100) page_sub_category = models.ForeignKey(PageSubCategory, blank=True, null=True) def __unicode__(self): return self.title class Paragraph(models.Model): article = models.ForeignKey(TextPage) title = models.CharField(max_length=100, blank=True, null=True) text = models.TextField(blank=True, null=True) def __unicode__(self): return self.title Any help would be appreciated. Thanks!

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• OpenCV Python HoughCircles error

  - by Dan

  Hi, I'm working on a program that detects circular shapes in images. I decided a Hough Transform would be the best, and I found one in the OpenCV library. The problem is that when I try to use it I get an error that I have no idea how to fix. Is OpenCV for Python not fully implemented? Is there a fix to the library I need for the program to work? Here's the code: import cv #cv.NamedWindow("camera", 1) capture = cv.CaptureFromCAM(0) while True: img = cv.QueryFrame(capture) gray = cv.CreateImage(cv.GetSize(img), 8, 1) edges = cv.CreateImage(cv.GetSize(img), 8, 1) cv.CvtColor(img, gray, cv.CV_BGR2GRAY) cv.Canny(gray, edges, 50, 200, 3) cv.Smooth(gray, gray, cv.CV_GAUSSIAN, 9, 9) storage = cv.CreateMat(1, 2, cv.CV_32FC3) #This is the line that throws the error cv.HoughCircles(edges, storage, cv.CV_HOUGH_GRADIENT, 2, gray.height/4, 200, 100) #cv.ShowImage("camera", img) if cv.WaitKey(10) == 27: break And here is the error I'm getting: OpenCV Error: Null pinter () in unknown function, file ..\..\..\..\ocv\openc\src\cxcore\cxdatastructs.cpp, line 408 Traceback (most recent call last): File "ellipse-detect-webcam.py", line 20, in cv.HoughCircles(edges, storage, cv.CV_HOUGH_GRADIENT, 2, gray.height/4, 200, 100) cv.error Thanks in advance for the help.

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• In Python epoll can I avoid the errno.EWOULDBLOCK, errno.EAGAIN ?

  - by davyzhang

  I wrote a epoll wrapper in python, It works fine but recently I found the performance is not not ideal for large package sending. I look down into the code and found there's actually a LOT of error Traceback (most recent call last): File "/Users/dawn/Documents/workspace/work/dev/server/sandbox/single_point/tcp_epoll.py", line 231, in send_now num_bytes = self.sock.send(self.response) error: [Errno 35] Resource temporarily unavailable and previously silent it as the document said, so my sending function was done this way: def send_now(self): '''send message at once''' st = time.time() times = 0 while self.response != '': try: num_bytes = self.sock.send(self.response) l.info('msg wrote %s %d : %r size %r',self.ip,self.port,self.response[:num_bytes],num_bytes) self.response = self.response[num_bytes:] except socket.error,e: if e[0] in (errno.EWOULDBLOCK,errno.EAGAIN): #here I printed it, but I silent it in normal days #print 'would block, again %r',tb.format_exc() break else: l.warning('%r %r socket error %r',self.ip,self.port,tb.format_exc()) #must break or cause dead loop break except: #other exceptions l.warning('%r %r msg write error %r',self.ip,self.port,tb.format_exc()) break times += 1 et = time.time() I googled it, and says it caused by temporarily network buffer run out So how can I manually and efficiently detect this error instead it goes to exception phase? Because it cause to much time to rasie/handle the exception.

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• Cannot turn off autocommit in a script using the Django ORM

  - by Wes

  I have a command line script that uses the Django ORM and MySQL backend. I want to turn off autocommit and commit manually. For the life of me, I cannot get this to work. Here is a pared down version of the script. A row is inserted into testtable every time I run this and I get this warning from MySQL: "Some non-transactional changed tables couldn't be rolled back". #!/usr/bin/python import os import sys django_dir = os.path.abspath(os.path.normpath(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), '..'))) sys.path.append(django_dir) os.environ['DJANGO_DIR'] = django_dir os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = 'myproject.settings' from django.core.management import setup_environ from myproject import settings setup_environ(settings) from django.db import transaction, connection cursor = connection.cursor() cursor.execute('SET autocommit = 0') cursor.execute('insert into testtable values (\'X\')') cursor.execute('rollback') I also tried placing the insert in a function and adding Django's commit_manually wrapper, like so: @transaction.commit_manually def myfunction(): cursor = connection.cursor() cursor.execute('SET autocommit = 0') cursor.execute('insert into westest values (\'X\')') cursor.execute('rollback') myfunction() I also tried setting DISABLE_TRANSACTION_MANAGEMENT = True in settings.py, with no further luck. I feel like I am missing something obvious. Any help you can give me is greatly appreciated. Thanks!

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• python win32com EXCEL data input error

  - by Rafal

  Welcome, I'm exporting results of my script into Excel spreadsheet. Everything works fine, I put big sets of data into SpreadSheet, but sometimes an error occurs: File "C:\Python26\lib\site-packages\win32com\client\dynamic.py", line 550, in __setattr__ self._oleobj_.Invoke(entry.dispid, 0, invoke_type, 0, value) pywintypes.com_error: (-2147352567, 'Exception.', (0, None, None, None, 0, -2146777998), None)*** I suppose It's not a problem of input data format. I put several different types of data strings, ints, floats, lists and it works fine. When I run the sript for the second time it works fine - no error. What's going on? PS. This is code that generates error, what's strange is that the error doesn't occur always. Say 30% of runs results in an error. : import win32com.client def Generate_Excel_Report(): Excel=win32com.client.Dispatch("Excel.Application") Excel.Workbooks.Add(1) Cells=Excel.ActiveWorkBook.ActiveSheet.Cells for i in range(100): Row=int(35+i) for j in range(10): Cells(int(Row),int(5+j)).Value="string" for i in range(100): Row=int(135+i) for j in range(10): Cells(int(Row),int(5+j)).Value=32.32 #float Generate_Excel_Report() The strangest for me is that when I run the script with the same code, the same input many times, then sometimes an error occurs, sometimes not. Thanks in advance for any help

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• What is causing this OverflowError in Django?

  - by orokusaki

  I'm using a normal ModelForm.save() to create an object, and this exception comes up. It worked fine before until I added commit_manually, transaction.rollback() and transaction.commit() to my view. Has anyone else ran into this? Is this because of sqlite3? OverflowError: long too big to convert C:\Python26\Lib\site-packages\django-trunk\django\db\backends\sqlite3\base.py in execute, line 197 params: (203866156270872165269663274649746494334L,) query: u'SELECT (1) AS "a", "auth_user"."id", "auth_user"."username", "auth_user"."first_name", "auth_user"."last_name", "auth_user"."email", "auth_user"."password", "auth_user"."is_staff", "auth_user"."is_active", "auth_user"."is_superuser", "auth_user"."last_login", "auth_user"."date_joined" FROM "auth_user" WHERE "auth_user"."id" = ? LIMIT 1' self <django.db.backends.sqlite3.base.SQLiteCursorWrapper object at 0x015D5A98> Why would that L param be passed in, and

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• Manditory read-only fields in django

  - by jamida

  I'm writing a test "grade book" application. The models.py file is shown below. class Student(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=50) parent = models.CharField(max_length=50) def __unicode__(self): return self.name class Grade(models.Model): studentId = models.ForeignKey(Student) finalGrade = models.CharField(max_length=3) I'd like to be able to change the final grade for several students in a modelformset but for now I'm just trying one student at a time. I'm also trying to create a form for it that shows the student name as a field that can not be changed, the only thing that can be changed here is the finalGrade. So I used this trick to make the studentId read-only. class GradeROForm(ModelForm): studentId = forms.ModelChoiceField(queryset=Student.objects.all()) def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): super(GradeROForm,self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) instance = getattr(self, 'instance', None) if instance and instance.id: self.fields['studentId'].widget.attrs['disabled']='disabled' def clean_studentId(self): instance = getattr(self,'instance',None) if instance: return instance.studentId else: return self.cleaned_data.get('studentId',None) class Meta: model=Grade And here is my view: def modifyGrade(request,student): student = Student.objects.get(name=student) mygrade = Grade.objects.get(studentId=student) if request.method == "POST": myform = GradeROForm(data=request.POST, instance=mygrade) if myform.is_valid(): grade = myform.save() info = "successfully updated %s" % grade.studentId else: myform=GradeROForm(instance=mygrade) return render_to_response('grades/modifyGrade.html',locals()) This displays the form like I expect, but when I hit "submit" I get a form validation error for the student field telling me this field is required. I'm guessing that, since the field is "disabled", the value is not being reported in the POST and for reasons unknown to me the instance isn't being used in its place. I'm a new Django/Python programmer, but quite experienced in other languages. I can't believe I've stumbled upon such a difficult to solve problem in my first significant django app. I figure I must be missing something. Any ideas?

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• Django Admin Page missing CSS

  - by super9

  I saw this question and recommendation from Django Projects here but still can't get this to work. My Django Admin pages are not displaying the CSS at all. This is my current configuration. settings.py ADMIN_MEDIA_PREFIX = '/media/admin/' httpd.conf <VirtualHost *:80> DocumentRoot /home/django/sgel ServerName ec2-***-**-***-***.ap-**********-1.compute.amazonaws.com ErrorLog /home/django/sgel/logs/apache_error.log CustomLog /home/django/sgel/logs/apache_access.log combined WSGIScriptAlias / /home/django/sgel/apache/django.wsgi <Directory /home/django/sgel/media> Order deny,allow Allow from all </Directory> <Directory /home/django/sgel/apache> Order deny,allow Allow from all </Directory> LogLevel warn Alias /media/ /home/django/sgel/media/ </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName sgel.com Redirect permanent / http://www.sgel.com/ </VirtualHost> In addition, I also ran the following to create (I think) the symbolic link ln -s /home/djangotest/sgel/media/admin/ /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/contrib/admin/media/ UPDATE In my httpd.conf file, User django Group django When I run ls -l in my /media directory drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 4 11:03 admin -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9 Apr 8 09:02 test.txt Should that root user be django instead? UPDATE 2 When I enter ls -la in my /media/admin folder total 12 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 13 03:33 . drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Apr 8 09:02 .. lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 60 Apr 13 03:33 media -> /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/contrib/admin/media/ The thing is, when I navigate to /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/contrib/admin/media/, the folder was empty. So I copied the CSS, IMG and JS folders from my Django installation into /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/contrib/admin/media/ and it still didn't work

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• Show models.ManyToManyField as inline, with the same form as models.ForeignKey inline

  - by Kristian

  I have a model similar to the following (simplified): models.py class Sample(models.Model): name=models.CharField(max_length=200) class Action(models.Model): samples=models.ManyToManyField(Sample) title=models.CharField(max_length=200) description=models.TextField() Now, if Action.samples would have been a ForeignKey instead of a ManyToManyField, when I display Action as a TabularInline in Sample in the Django Admin, I would get a number of rows, each containing a nice form to edit or add another Action. However; when I display the above as an inline using the following: class ActionInline(admin.TabularInline): model=Action.samples.through I get a select box listing all available actions, and not a nifty form to create a new Action. My question is really: How do I display the ManyToMany relation as an inline with a form to input information as described? In principle it should be possible since, from the Sample's point of view, the situation is identical in both cases; Each Sample has a list of Actions regardless if the relation is a ForeignKey or a ManyToManyRelation. Also; Through the Sample admin page, I never want to choose from existing Actions, only create new or edit old ones.

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• Calculating Nearest Match to Mean/Stddev Pair With LibSVM

  - by Chris S

  I'm new to SVMs, and I'm trying to use the Python interface to libsvm to classify a sample containing a mean and stddev. However, I'm getting nonsensical results. Is this task inappropriate for SVMs or is there an error in my use of libsvm? Below is the simple Python script I'm using to test: #!/usr/bin/env python # Simple classifier test. # Adapted from the svm_test.py file included in the standard libsvm distribution. from collections import defaultdict from svm import * # Define our sparse data formatted training and testing sets. labels = [1,2,3,4] train = [ # key: 0=mean, 1=stddev {0:2.5,1:3.5}, {0:5,1:1.2}, {0:7,1:3.3}, {0:10.3,1:0.3}, ] problem = svm_problem(labels, train) test = [ ({0:3, 1:3.11},1), ({0:7.3,1:3.1},3), ({0:7,1:3.3},3), ({0:9.8,1:0.5},4), ] # Test classifiers. kernels = [LINEAR, POLY, RBF] kname = ['linear','polynomial','rbf'] correct = defaultdict(int) for kn,kt in zip(kname,kernels): print kt param = svm_parameter(kernel_type = kt, C=10, probability = 1) model = svm_model(problem, param) for test_sample,correct_label in test: pred_label, pred_probability = model.predict_probability(test_sample) correct[kn] += pred_label == correct_label # Show results. print '-'*80 print 'Accuracy:' for kn,correct_count in correct.iteritems(): print '\t',kn, '%.6f (%i of %i)' % (correct_count/float(len(test)), correct_count, len(test)) The domain seems fairly simple. I'd expect that if it's trained to know a mean of 2.5 means label 1, then when it sees a mean of 2.4, it should return label 1 as the most likely classification. However, each kernel has an accuracy of 0%. Why is this? On a side note, is there a way to hide all the verbose training output dumped by libsvm in the terminal? I've searched libsvm's docs and code, but I can't find any way to turn this off.

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• onmouseover with django / imagekit

  - by Michael Moreno

  I'm using Imagekit. View.py includes: def pics(request): p = Photo.objects.all() return render_to_response('Shots.html', {'p': p}) The following simple code in the template will generate associated images: {% for p in p %} <img src = "{{ p.display.url }}"> <img src = "{{ p.thumbnail_image.url }}"> {% endfor %} I'm attempting to generate a series of thumbnails {{ p.thumbnail_image.url }} which, when mouseover'd, will generate the slightly larger version of the image, {{ p.display.url }} via Javascript. The following code in the template attempts to do so: <html> <head> <HEAD> <script language="Javascript"> { image1 = new Image image2 = new Image image1.src = {{ p.thumbnail_image.url }} image2.src = {{ p.display.url }} </script> </head> <body> {% for p in p %} <a href="" onMouseOver="document.rollover.src= image2.src onMouseOut="document.rollover.src= image1.src"> <img src="{{ p.thumbnail_image.url }}" border=0 name="rollover"></a> {% endfor %} </body> </html> This will display the series of thumbnails, but the larger image will not display when mouseover'd. I believe it has to do with how I'm specifying the variable {{ p.display.url }}.

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• Run unittest in a Class

  - by chrissygormley

  Hello, I have a test suite to perform smoke tests. I have all my script stored in various classes but when I try and run the test suite I can't seem to get it working if it is in a class. The code is below: (a class to call the tests) from alltests import SmokeTests class CallTests(SmokeTests): def integration(self): self.suite() if __name__ == '__main__': run = CallTests() run.integration() And the test suite: class SmokeTests(): def suite(self): #Function stores all the modules to be tested modules_to_test = ('external_sanity', 'internal_sanity') alltests = unittest.TestSuite() for module in map(__import__, modules_to_test): alltests.addTest(unittest.findTestCases(module)) return alltests if __name__ == '__main__': unittest.main(defaultTest='suite') So I can see how to call a normal function defined but I'm finding it difficult calling in the suite. In one of the tests the suite is set up like so: class InternalSanityTestSuite(unittest.TestSuite): # Tests to be tested by test suite def makeInternalSanityTestSuite(): suite = unittest.TestSuite() suite.addTest(TestInternalSanity("BasicInternalSanity")) suite.addTest(TestInternalSanity("VerifyInternalSanityTestFail")) return suite def suite(): return unittest.makeSuite(TestInternalSanity) If I have def suite() inside the class SmokeTests the script executes but the tests don't run but if I remove the class the tests run. I run this as a script and call in variables into the tests. I do not want to have to run the tests by os.system('python tests.py'). I was hoping to call the tests through the class I have like any other function. This need's to be called from a class as the script that I'm calling it from is Object Oriented. If anyone can get the code to be run using Call Tests I would appreciate it alot. Thanks for any help in advance.

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• slicing a 2d numpy array

  - by MedicalMath

  The following code: import numpy as p myarr=[[0,1],[0,6],[0,1],[0,6],[0,1],[0,6],[0,1],[0,6],[0,1],[0,6],[0,1],[0,6],[0,1],[0,6],[0,1],[0,6],[0,1],[0,6]] copy=p.array(myarr) p.mean(copy)[:,1] Is generating the following error message: Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell#3>", line 1, in <module> p.mean(copy)[:,1] IndexError: 0-d arrays can only use a single () or a list of newaxes (and a single ...) as an index I looked up the syntax at this link and I seem to be using the correct syntax to slice. However, when I type copy[:,1] into the Python shell, it gives me the following output, which is clearly wrong, and is probably what is throwing the error: array([1, 6, 1, 6, 1, 6, 1, 6, 1, 6, 1, 6, 1, 6, 1, 6, 1, 6]) Can anyone show me how to fix my code so that I can extract the second column and then take the mean of the second column as intended in the original code above? EDIT: Thank you for your solutions. However, my posting was an oversimplification of my real problem. I used your solutions in my real code, and got a new error. Here is my real code with one of your solutions that I tried: filteredSignalArray=p.array(filteredSignalArray) logical=p.logical_and(EndTime-10.0<=matchingTimeArray,matchingTimeArray<=EndTime) finalStageTime=matchingTimeArray.compress(logical) finalStageFiltered=filteredSignalArray.compress(logical) for j in range(len(finalStageTime)): if j == 0: outputArray=[[finalStageTime[j],finalStageFiltered[j]]] else: outputArray+=[[finalStageTime[j],finalStageFiltered[j]]] print 'outputArray[:,1].mean() is: ',outputArray[:,1].mean() And here is the error message that is now being generated by the new code: File "mypath\myscript.py", line 1545, in WriteToOutput10SecondsBeforeTimeMarker print 'outputArray[:,1].mean() is: ',outputArray[:,1].mean() TypeError: list indices must be integers, not tuple Second EDIT: This is solved now that I added: outputArray=p.array(outputArray) above my code. I have been at this too many hours and need to take a break for a while if I am making these kinds of mistakes.

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• safely hosting a django project over apache using centos

  - by tipu

  Error can be seen at: http://djaffry.selfip.com:8080/ I had a project working great, but I had all the files under /var/www/ and with my limited understanding it's bad, according to django's site: "If your background is in PHP, you’re probably used to putting code under the Web server’s document root (in a place such as /var/www). With Django, you don’t do that. It’s not a good idea to put any of this Python code within your Web server’s document root, because it risks the possibility that people may be able to view your code over the Web. That’s not good for security. Put your code in some directory outside of the document root, such as /home/mycode." So I went to /home/tipu/stuff/ and executed django-admin.py startproject twingle. Then I went to apache and did <VirtualHost *:8080> ServerName tweet_search_engine DocumentRoot /home/tipu/stuff/twingle/ </VirtualHost> <Directory /home/tipu/stuff/twingle> SetHandler python-program PythonHandler django.core.handlers.modpython SetEnv DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE settings PythonOption django.root /home/tipu/stuff/twingle PythonDebug On PythonPath "['/home/tipu/stuff/', '/home/tipu/stuff/twingle/'] + sys.path" </Directory> Now I am getting a 403 Forbidden error.. any idea what I'm doing wrong? I'm newer to Linux (CentOS) and django, so I could be over looking some very simple things.

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• Treebeard admin in Django

  - by Sharath

  I've setup Treebeard in Django and everything seems to have gone well. I tried to setup the admin system and I can see my models being presented in the admin interface. However, when I try to add new data using the admin interface, I get the following error in my template. The code still works fine, and I did a check in my DB and the data seems to be inserted properly. However, the view doesn't seem to load properly. Any idea about what is causing this?? The exception am getting is.. Caught an exception while rendering: Failed lookup for key [request] in u'[{\'action_index\': 0, \'block\': , , , , , , ]}, {\'block\': , , , ], , , , , \n \', ], , ], , , , ], , , \n \', , , , , , , , , ], , ], \n \']}, {\'cl\': , \'root_path\': None, \'actions_on_bottom\': False, \'title\': u\'Select album to change\', \'has_add_permission\': True, \'media\': , \'is_popup\': False, \'action_form\': , \'actions_on_top\': True, \'app_label\': \'gallery\'}, {\'MEDIA_URL\': \'\'}, {\'LANGUAGES\': ((\'ar\', \'Arabic\'), (\'bn\', \'Bengali\'), (\'bg\', \'Bulgarian\'), (\'ca\', \'Catalan\'), (\'cs\', \'Czech\'), (\'cy\', \'Welsh\'), (\'da\', \'Danish\'), (\'de\', \'German\'), (\'el\', \'Greek\'), (\'en\', \'English\'), (\'es\', \'Spanish\'), (\'et\', \'Estonian\'), (\'es-ar\', \'Argentinean Spanish\'), (\'eu\', \'Basque\'), (\'fa\', \'Persian\'), (\'fi\', \'Finnish\'), (\'fr\', \'French\'), (\'ga\', \'Irish\'), (\'gl\', \'Galician\'), (\'hu\', \'Hungarian\'), (\'he\', \'Hebrew\'), (\'hi\', \'Hindi\'), (\'hr\', \'Croatian\'), (\'is\', \'Icelandic\'), (\'it\', \'Italian\'), (\'ja\', \'Japanese\'), (\'ka\', \'Georgian\'), (\'ko\', \'Korean\'), (\'km\', \'Khmer\'), (\'kn\', \'Kannada\'), (\'lv\', \'Latvian\'), (\'lt\', \'Lithuanian\'), (\'mk\', \'Macedonian\'), (\'nl\', \'Dutch\'), (\'no\', \'Norwegian\'), (\'pl\', \'Polish\'), (\'pt\', \'Portuguese\'), (\'pt-br\', \'Brazilian Portuguese\'), (\'ro\', \'Romanian\'), (\'ru\', \'Russian\'), (\'sk\', \'Slovak\'), (\'sl\', \'Slovenian\'), (\'sr\', \'Serbian\'), (\'sv\', \'Swedish\'), (\'ta\', \'Tamil\'), (\'te\', \'Telugu\'), (\'th\', \'Thai\'), (\'tr\', \'Turkish\'), (\'uk\', \'Ukrainian\'), (\'zh-cn\', \'Simplified Chinese\'), (\'zh-tw\', \'Traditional Chinese\')), \'LANGUAGE_BIDI\': False, \'LANGUAGE_CODE\': \'en-us\'}, {}, {\'perms\': , \'messages\': [], \'user\': }, {}]' This happens after I hit the save button in Django admin. This is my admin.py implementation.. class MP_Album_Admin(TreeAdmin): pass admin.site.register(Album,MP_Album_Admin)

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• Django-modpython project in a directory

  - by Ankit Jaiswal

  Hi All, I am deploying a Django project on apache server with mod_python in linux. I have created a directory structure like: /var/www/html/django/demoInstall where demoInstall is my project. In the httpd.conf I have put the following code. <Location "/django/demoInstall"> SetHandler python-program PythonHandler django.core.handlers.modpython SetEnv DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE demoInstall.settings PythonOption django.root django/demoInstall PythonDebug On PythonPath "['/var/www/html/django'] + sys.path" </Location> It is getting me the django environment but the issue is that the urls mentioned in urls.py are not working correctly. In my url file I have mentioned the url like: (r'^$', views.index), Now, in the browser I am putting the url like : http://domainname/django/demoInstall/ and I am expecting the views.index to be invoked. But I guess it is expecting the url to be only: http://domainname/ . When I change the url mapping to: (r'^django/demoInstall$', views.index), it works fine. Please suggest as I do not want to change all the mappings in url config file. Thanks in advance.

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• Can someone help fix my vimrc config?

  - by alex

  set nohlsearch set ai set bg=dark set showmatch highlight SpecialKey ctermfg=DarkGray set listchars=tab:>-,trail:~ set list autocmd BufRead *.py set smartindent cinwords=if,elif,else,for,while,try,except,finally,def,class set tabstop=4 set shiftwidth=4 set expandtab set autoindent set smartindent syntax on set listchars=tab:>- set listchars+=trail:. set ignorecase set smartcase map <C-t><up> :tabr<cr> map <C-t><down> :tabl<cr> map <C-t><left> :tabp<cr> map <C-t><right> :tabn<cr> map <F1> <Esc> imap <F1> <Esc> set pastetoggle=<F5> This is my vimrc. I want to fix it so that it doesn't show ---- ---- when other people tab. Thank.

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• Javascript error when integrating django-tinymce and django-filebrowser

  - by jwesonga

  I've set up django-filebrowser in my app without any bugs, I already had django-tinymce set up and it loads the editor in the admin forms. I now want to use django-filebrowser with django-tinymce, but I keep getting a weird javascript error when I click on "Image URL" in the Image popup: r is undefined the error is js/tiny_mce/tiny_mce.js My settings.py file has the following configuration: TINYMCE_JS_URL=MEDIA_URL + 'js/tiny_mce/tiny_mce.js' TINYMCE_DEFAULT_CONFIG = { 'mode': "textareas", 'theme': "advanced", 'language': "en", 'skin': "o2k7", 'dialog_type': "modal", 'object_resizing': True, 'cleanup_on_startup': True, 'forced_root_block': "p", 'remove_trailing_nbsp': True, 'theme_advanced_toolbar_location': "top", 'theme_advanced_toolbar_align': "left", 'theme_advanced_statusbar_location': "none", 'theme_advanced_buttons1': "formatselect,styleselect,bold,italic,underline,bullist,numlist,undo,redo,link,unlink,image,code,template,visualchars,fullscreen,pasteword,media,search,replace,charmap", 'theme_advanced_buttons2': "", 'theme_advanced_buttons3': "", 'theme_advanced_path': False, 'theme_advanced_blockformats': "p,h2,h3,h4,div,code,pre", 'width': '700', 'height': '300', 'plugins': "advimage,advlink,fullscreen,visualchars,paste,media,template,searchreplace", 'advimage_update_dimensions_onchange': True, 'file_browser_callback': "CustomFileBrowser", 'relative_urls': False, 'valid_elements' : "" + "-p," + "a[href|target=_blank|class]," + "-strong/-b," + "-em/-i," + "-u," + "-ol," + "-ul," + "-li," + "br," + "img[class|src|alt=|width|height]," + "-h2,-h3,-h4," + "-pre," + "-code," + "-div", 'extended_valid_elements': "" + "a[name|class|href|target|title|onclick]," + "img[class|src|border=0|alt|title|hspace|vspace|width|height|align|onmouseover|onmouseout|name]," + "br[clearfix]," + "-p[class<clearfix?summary?code]," + "h2[class<clearfix],h3[class<clearfix],h4[class<clearfix]," + "ul[class<clearfix],ol[class<clearfix]," + "div[class]," } TINYMCE_FILEBROWSER = False TINYMCE_COMPRESSOR = False i've tried switching back to older versions of tinyMCE Javascript but nothing seems to work. Would appreciate some help

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• Maintaining a Python web application: heavier vs lighter framework?

  - by Tiberiu Ana

  Five+ years from now, you are hired to support and extend a data-centric web application written in Python that hasn't been kept up to date. Would you rather prefer it was written in the current version of Django/Pylons at the time, using the available standard components, or kept minimal with something like CherryPy/web.py and a few library dependencies? Heavy framework Advantages: standard approach to application design and structure, as encouraged by framework; less application code to worry about. Disadvantages: requires learning the framework to understand how things work; broken things in old version of framework difficult to fix; upgrading to new version potentially difficult due to changing APIs; finding relevant documentation/help potentially difficult due to changing APIs. Light framework Advantages: most application code is directly "visible"; only needed features are implemented; architecture should be simpler to understand; less need to upgrade external dependencies; easier to upgrade external dependencies. Disadvantages: some reinventing the wheel; non-standard design and structure (with the associated unique issues and bugs). I will update the list with any helpful answers.

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• review count and rating using an image - schema.org

  - by Joel

  I need some help getting some rich snippets to my site I inserted the review microdata following the instructions given on schema.org here http://schema.org/docs/gs.html#advanced_missing using the star-image for rating and the text for review count, but testing it with the test tool it showed nothing. Example page where we use the microdata for the reviews. and here is what I used <div itemprop="reviews" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/AggregateRating"> <A HREF="javascript:an();"><img src="/images/stars/4.5.gif" border=0></a> <meta itemprop="ratingValue" content="4.5" /> <meta itemprop="bestRating" content="5" /> <BR><span class="bottomnavfooter"><A HREF="javascript:an();">Read (<span itemprop="ratingCount">70</span>) Reviews</A </span></div> I then created a static test page and made some change using instructions Google provided here http://www.google.com/support/webmasters/bin/answer.py?answer=172705 (which is different from what I found on schema.org!!) but still the test returned only product name not the price or the reviews. Here is my test page - Can you please see where I'm going wrong Thanks much!!

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• Python TypeError: an integer is required

  - by kartiku

  import scipy,array def try_read_file(): def line_reader(lines): for l in lines: i = l.find('#') if i != -1: l = l[:i] l = l.strip() if l: yield l def column_counter(): inputer = (line.split() for line in line_reader(file('/home/kartik/Downloads/yahoo_dataset/set1.train.txt'.strip()))) loopexit = 0 for line in inputer: feature_tokens = (token.split(':') for token in line[6:]) feature_ids = array.array('I') for t in feature_tokens: feature_ids.append(int (t[0])) tmpLength = feature_ids[-1] print feature_ids loopexit = loopexit + 1 if loopexit > 0: break return tmpLength def line_counter(): inputer = (line.split() for line in line_reader(file('/home/kartik/Downloads/yahoo_dataset/set1.train.txt'.strip()))) noOfRows = 0 for line in inputer: noOfRows = noOfRows + 1 return noOfRows inputer = (line.split() for line in line_reader(file('/home/kartik/Downloads/yahoo_dataset/set1.train.txt'.strip()))) feature_id_list = [] feature_value_list = [] relevance_list = [] noOfRows = line_counter() noOfCols = column_counter() print noOfRows print noOfCols # line 52 #Create the feature array feature_array = scipy.zeros((noOfRows,noOfCols), float) rowCounter = 1; for line in inputer: feature_tokens = (token.split(':') for token in line[6:]) feature_ids = array.array('I') feature_values = array.array('f') for t in feature_tokens: feature_ids.append(int(t[0])) if (t[0]!=colCounter): feature_array[rowCounter,colCounter] = 0 else: feature_array[rowCounter,colCounter] = t[1] feature_values.append(float(t[1])) colCounter = colCounter + 1; label = float(line[0]) assert(line[1].startswith('qid:')) query_id = int(line[1][4:]) feature_id_list.append(feature_ids) feature_value_list.append(feature_values) relevance_list.append(label) rowCounter = rowCounter + 1; return feature_array Error: Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell#97>", line 1, in <module> try_read_file() File "/home/kartik/Python/prelim_read.py", line 52, in try_read_file print noOfCols TypeError: an integer is required What is the problem, i couldn't figure it out? I tried to debug it, but it doesnt really go inside those methods. It gives me an address in place of those variables.

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