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• Where to put the SPF TXT record?

  - by YellowSquirrel

  I've set up Google apps for my domain: I've registered the domain with Google by adding the CNAME Google asked and I've apparently succesfully setup the MX Google mail servers. So far I haven't yet a dedicated server: I'm just having a domain at a registrar. Now I want to activate SPF and I'm confused. In the following short webpage: http://www.google.com/support/a/bin/answer.py?answer=178723 it is written that I must add a TXT record containing: v=spf1 include:_spf.google.com ~all Where should I enter this? Should this go in the zone (?) file, like I did for the CNAME and the MX records? So far I have something like this: @ 10800 IN A 217.42.42.42 @ 10800 IN MX 5 ASPMX3.GOOGLEMAIL.COM. @ 10800 IN MX 5 ASPMX2.GOOGLEMAIL.COM. @ 10800 IN MX 3 ALT2.ASPMX.L.GOOGLE.COM. @ 10800 IN MX 3 ALT1.ASPMX.L.GOOGLE.COM. @ 10800 IN MX 1 ASPMX.L.GOOGLE.COM. google8a70835987f31e34 10800 IN CNAME google.com. Does adding the SPF TXT record mean I should literally have something like that: @ 10800 IN A 217.42.42.42 @ 10800 IN MX 5 ASPMX3.GOOGLEMAIL.COM. @ 10800 IN MX 5 ASPMX2.GOOGLEMAIL.COM. @ 3600 IN TXT "v=spf1 include:_spf.google.com ~all" @ 10800 IN MX 3 ALT2.ASPMX.L.GOOGLE.COM. @ 10800 IN MX 3 ALT1.ASPMX.L.GOOGLE.COM. @ 10800 IN MX 1 ASPMX.L.GOOGLE.COM. google8a70835987f31e34 10800 IN CNAME google.com. I made that one up and included right in the middle to show how confused I am. What I'd like to know is the exact syntax and where/how I should put this TXT record.

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• Celery daemon as a Ubuntu service does not consume tasks while running from terminal does

  - by Guy

  On Ubuntu 11.10, I have to issue python tasks from django using celery. I'm currently testing on the same machine but eventually the celery worker should run on a remote machine. django uses the following settings: BROKER_HOST = "127.0.0.1" BROKER_PORT = 5672 BROKER_VHOST = "/my_vhost" BROKER_USER = "celery" BROKER_PASSWORD = "celery" I can also see my task queued in http://localhost:55672/#/queues the celery daemon uses the following configuration (celeryconfig.py): BROKER_HOST = "127.0.0.1" BROKER_PORT = 5672 BROKER_USER = "celery" BROKER_PASSWORD = "celery" BROKER_VHOST = "/my_vhost" CELERY_RESULT_BACKEND = "amqp" import os import sys sys.path.append(os.getcwd()) CELERY_IMPORTS = ("tasks", ) running celeryd -l info works well and now I want to run it as a service. I've followed the instructions from http://ask.github.com/celery/cookbook/daemonizing.html and now I'm trying to run it using: sudo /etc/init.d/celeryd start But the message is not being consumed, no error in the celery log either. /etc/default/celeryd CELERYD_NODES="w1" CELERYD_CHDIR="/path/to/django/project" CELERYD_OPTS="--time-limit=300 --concurrency=1" CELERY_CONFIG_MODULE="celeryconfig" # %n will be replaced with the nodename. CELERYD_LOG_FILE="/var/log/celery/%n.log" CELERYD_PID_FILE="/var/run/celery/%n.pid" # Workers should run as an unprivileged user. CELERYD_USER="celery" CELERYD_GROUP="celery" I've also created user celery in Ubuntu not sure if its necessary. Any help will be appreciated, Thanks, Guy

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• (help help!!!) Easy_install the wrong version of python modules (Mac OS)

  - by user71415

  I installed Python 2.7 in my mac. When typing "python" in terminal, it shows: Ma-Xiaolongs-MacBook-Pro-2:~ MaXiaolong$ python Python 2.7 (r27:82508, Jul 3 2010, 20:17:05) [GCC 4.0.1 (Apple Inc. build 5493)] on darwin Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. The Python version is correct here. But when I try to easy_install some modules. The system will install the modules with python version 2.6 which are not able be imported to Python 2.7. And of course I can not do the functions I need in my code. Here's an example of easy_install graphy: Ma-Xiaolongs-MacBook-Pro-2:~ MaXiaolong$ easy_install graphy Searching for graphy Reading pypi.python.org/simple/graphy/ Reading http://code.google.com/p/graphy/ Best match: Graphy 1.0.0 Downloading http://pypi.python.org/packages/source/G/Graphy/Graphy- 1.0.0.tar.gz#md5=390b4f9194d81d0590abac90c8b717e0 Processing Graphy-1.0.0.tar.gz Running Graphy-1.0.0/setup.py -q bdist_egg --dist-dir /var/folders/fH/fHwdy4WtHZOBytkg1nOv9E+++TI/-Tmp-/easy_install-cFL53r/Graphy-1.0.0/egg-dist-tmp-YtDCZU warning: no files found matching '.tmpl' under directory 'graphy' warning: no files found matching '.txt' under directory 'graphy' warning: no files found matching '.h' under directory 'graphy' warning: no previously-included files matching '.pyc' found under directory '.' warning: no previously-included files matching '~' found under directory '.' warning: no previously-included files matching '.aux' found under directory '.' zip_safe flag not set; analyzing archive contents... graphy.all_tests: module references file Adding Graphy 1.0.0 to easy-install.pth file Installed /Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/Graphy-1.0.0-py2.6.egg Processing dependencies for graphy Finished processing dependencies for graphy So it installs graphy for python 2.6. Can someone help me with it? I just want to set my default easy_install version as 2.7... Thank you very much!!!!!!

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• Django apache + mod_wsgi with virtualenv

  - by ArgsKwargs

  I have some questions running multiple Django sites on a VPS I have a server that uses openPanel to automatically create VirtualHosts within apache2. My ideal situation is that I would have multiple virtualenvs with different dependencies installed so the python dist-packages directory isn't contaminated for different Django sites. For example: /home/user/virtualenv1 /home/user/virtualenv2 My django applications reside at /var/www, so For example: /var/www/djangosite1 /var/www/djangosite2 Now I've read upon openPanel docs and figured out the best thing todo is create a django.conf file inside the mydomain.com.inc folder, which looks something like: /etc/apache2/openpanel.d/mydomain.com.inc/django.conf DocumentRoot /var/www/djangosite1/project WSGIScriptAlias / /var/www/djangosite1/project/wsgi.py WSGIDaemonProcess mydomain python-path=/home/user/virtualenv1/lib/python2.6/site-packages <Directory /var/www/djangosite1/project> Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> Alias /static /var/www/djangosite1/project/static-root Now my problem is that this setup seems unable to find the virtualenv site-packages thus not recognizing any dependencies available in the given virtualenv Also, commenting out this line doesn't seem to break or change a thing: WSGIDaemonProcess mydomain python-path=/home/user/virtualenv1/lib/python2.6/site-packages For example: > service apache2 start ImportError: No module named South When I install South outside the virtualenv everything works

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• Mailman delivery troubles

  - by stanigator

  I have apparently posted at the wrong place (superuser.com) for this question, so I'll just repost it here. Hope those of you who read both sites are not going to be offended. It's about mailing list management software called Mailman from GNU. Here are the details: Hosting provider: Vlexofree Domain: www.sysil.com with Google Apps Mailing List created from hosting cpanel: [email protected] I have registered a list of subscribers, and tried sending an email to [email protected]. I got the following error message: Delivery to the following recipient failed permanently: [email protected] Technical details of permanent failure: Google tried to deliver your message, but it was rejected by the recipient domain. We recommend contacting the other email provider for further information about the cause of this error. The error that the other server returned was: 550 550-5.1.1 The email account that you tried to reach does not exist. Please try 550-5.1.1 double-checking the recipient's email address for typos or 550-5.1.1 unnecessary spaces. Learn more at 550 5.1.1 http://mail.google.com/support/bin/answer.py?answer=6596 23si6479194ewy.44 (state 14). ----- Original message ----- MIME-Version: 1.0 Received: by 10.216.90.136 with SMTP id e8mr1469147wef.110.1264220118960; Fri, 22 Jan 2010 20:15:18 -0800 (PST) Date: Fri, 22 Jan 2010 20:15:18 -0800 Message-ID: <[email protected]> Subject: From: Stanley Lee <[email protected]> To: [email protected] Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary=0016e6dab0931bccc3047dcd2f1e - Show quoted text - Is there any way of fixing this problem? I would like to be able to have this mailing list to work through my hosting and domain. Thanks in advance.

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• Configure IIS to pass-through CGI output without any conditioning

  - by Daniel Watrous

  I'm building a web service on Windows 2008 R2 with IIS 7.5 and Python 2.5. Right now I have the Handler Mappings and everything else setup just fine, Except that IIS is modifying what it gets back from the CGI script before sending it along the the client. Here's an example: I wrote the following CGI script: # hello.py print "Status: 400 Bad Request" print "Content-Type: text/html" print print "Error Message" According to the HTTP spec this should be fine and a Status of 400 should allow for a description of the error message in the body of the response. When the server response actually comes back to me I get the following: Status: 400 Bad Request Date: Fri, 11 Feb 2011 17:58:30 GMT X-Powered-By: ASP.NET Connection: close Content-Length: 11 Server: Microsoft-IIS/7.5 Content-Type: text/html Bad Request I've seen on this forum and others where I can change or eliminate the X-Powered-By header element, but I would like IIS to leave it alone altogether. I'm not sure why it takes my response, deletes "Error Message" from the body and replaces it with "Bad Request" and then adds all that other junk in. Is there some way to tell IIS to just send the response along without making any changes at all?

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• Compatibility of Fedora install on a Hybrid drive

  - by kjh

  I recently bought un ultrabook with a 500gb/32gb sdd hdd hybrid drive, and I'm having trouble replacing windows on it with fedora seventeen. it errors out saying there was an unhandled exception. Is linux compatible with hybrid drives? or can the operating system on a hybrid drive not be replaced? Edit: here are the steps I select special storage devices because it ignores my hard drives otherwise at this point i get the message: "Disk contains bios raid meta data, disk sda will be ignored" I can pick a hostname, select my timezone and set a password at the install type screen, no matter what I select (use all free space, replace linux systems, create custom partition etc..) once I click next, it says "an unhandled exception" has occured. and I can no longer proceed with installation. Here is the error message: anaconda 17.29 exception report Traceback (most recent call first); File "/usr/lib64/python2.7/size-packages/pyanaconda/bootloader.py"; line 183 self.stage1_drive=self_drives[0] File "/usr/lib64/python2.7/site-packages/pyanaconda/rw/cleardisks_gui.ph"; line... and tons of more lines like that

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• Customizing tmux status to represent current working directory and files

  - by user69397

  I've been playing with this for a couple of days, so I'm sure I'm missing something simple. Love tmux. Using it for development and have so many windows I need a better way of distinguishing them in the status bar and in the buffer list. Seeing a list of "bash" and "vim" isn't really helpful at all. And since they're all on the same host - don't care about the hostname right now. I'd like to show the current working directory, and the file being worked on. For example when I view the list of buffers I currently see: (0) 0: vim [100x44] (1 panes) "murph" (1) 1: vim [100x44] (1 panes) "murph" (2) 2: bash- [100x44] (1 panes) "murph" (3) 3: bash* [100x44] (1 panes) "murph" Here's what I'd like to see 0:vim main.py ~/devl/project1 1:vim index.html ~/devl/samples/staticfiles 2:bash ~/devl/sandbox 3:bash ~/.vimrc I'd like to see similar info in the status bar for each individual window. While I am able to get PWD to show up in the status bar of a window, it's only the working directory from where tmux was launched. This isn't any help as I change directories. I'm hoping this can be done without a bunch of scripts. Thanks all.

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• Python 2.7 and Ubuntu 10.10: X11 fails

  - by c.a.p.

  Against every recommendation I have apt-get remove python in Ubuntu 10.10 (build 2.6.24-29-server x86_64) and apt-get install python2.7 Some built-in software with python2.6 dependencies (like firefox, other minor stuff) was fixed just by apt-get reinstalling or reinstalling from source and the system was stable for one day until I rebooted. Upon booting I got the message "ubuntu is running in low-graphics mode" I have an NVIDIA Quadro NVS 295 256 running on a HP Z600 Workstation so I sudoed: apt-get --purged nvidia* apt-get --purged xserver apt-get install linux-headers-generic apt-get install nvidia-* apt-get install xserver-xorg dpkg-reconfigure xserver-xorg nvidia-xconfig upon rebooting i get the same "ubuntu is running in low-graphics mode" if I decide to tell the boot menu to restart X, the Ubuntu 10.10 "load screen" shows up and does not do anything for hours. If I "X" the screen remains black for hours; ctrl-c shows that /etc/X11/xorg.conf did not produce any errors just a warning "Type "ONE_LEVEL"...". /var/log/Xorg.0.log issues the following warnings (no errors) (WW) AllowEmptyInput is on (WW) NVIDIA(0): UBB is incompatible If I "startX" I get /usr/bin/python: can't find '__main__.py"' in '/usr/share/command-not-found' Before re-installing xserver-xorg however "startX" ran, just by changing the resolution of the tty1 console. Any hints?

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• Customizing tmux status to represent current working directory and files

  - by user69397

  I've been playing with this for a couple of days, so I'm sure I'm missing something simple. Love tmux. Using it for development and have so many windows I need a better way of distinguishing them in the status bar and in the buffer list. Seeing a list of "bash" and "vim" isn't really helpful at all. And since they're all on the same host - don't care about the hostname right now. I'd like to show the current working directory, and the file being worked on. For example when I view the list of buffers I currently see: (0) 0: vim [100x44] (1 panes) "murph" (1) 1: vim [100x44] (1 panes) "murph" (2) 2: bash- [100x44] (1 panes) "murph" (3) 3: bash* [100x44] (1 panes) "murph" Here's what I'd like to see 0:vim main.py ~/devl/project1 1:vim index.html ~/devl/samples/staticfiles 2:bash ~/devl/sandbox 3:bash ~/.vimrc I'd like to see similar info in the status bar for each individual window. While I am able to get PWD to show up in the status bar of a window, it's only the working directory from where tmux was launched. This isn't any help as I change directories. I'm hoping this can be done without a bunch of scripts. Thanks all.

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• Solving embarassingly parallel problems using Python multiprocessing

  - by gotgenes

  How does one use multiprocessing to tackle embarrassingly parallel problems? Embarassingly parallel problems typically consist of three basic parts: Read input data (from a file, database, tcp connection, etc.). Run calculations on the input data, where each calculation is independent of any other calculation. Write results of calculations (to a file, database, tcp connection, etc.). We can parallelize the program in two dimensions: Part 2 can run on multiple cores, since each calculation is independent; order of processing doesn't matter. Each part can run independently. Part 1 can place data on an input queue, part 2 can pull data off the input queue and put results onto an output queue, and part 3 can pull results off the output queue and write them out. This seems a most basic pattern in concurrent programming, but I am still lost in trying to solve it, so let's write a canonical example to illustrate how this is done using multiprocessing. Here is the example problem: Given a CSV file with rows of integers as input, compute their sums. Separate the problem into three parts, which can all run in parallel: Process the input file into raw data (lists/iterables of integers) Calculate the sums of the data, in parallel Output the sums Below is traditional, single-process bound Python program which solves these three tasks: #!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding: UTF-8 -*- # basicsums.py """A program that reads integer values from a CSV file and writes out their sums to another CSV file. """ import csv import optparse import sys def make_cli_parser(): """Make the command line interface parser.""" usage = "\n\n".join(["python %prog INPUT_CSV OUTPUT_CSV", __doc__, """ ARGUMENTS: INPUT_CSV: an input CSV file with rows of numbers OUTPUT_CSV: an output file that will contain the sums\ """]) cli_parser = optparse.OptionParser(usage) return cli_parser def parse_input_csv(csvfile): """Parses the input CSV and yields tuples with the index of the row as the first element, and the integers of the row as the second element. The index is zero-index based. :Parameters: - `csvfile`: a `csv.reader` instance """ for i, row in enumerate(csvfile): row = [int(entry) for entry in row] yield i, row def sum_rows(rows): """Yields a tuple with the index of each input list of integers as the first element, and the sum of the list of integers as the second element. The index is zero-index based. :Parameters: - `rows`: an iterable of tuples, with the index of the original row as the first element, and a list of integers as the second element """ for i, row in rows: yield i, sum(row) def write_results(csvfile, results): """Writes a series of results to an outfile, where the first column is the index of the original row of data, and the second column is the result of the calculation. The index is zero-index based. :Parameters: - `csvfile`: a `csv.writer` instance to which to write results - `results`: an iterable of tuples, with the index (zero-based) of the original row as the first element, and the calculated result from that row as the second element """ for result_row in results: csvfile.writerow(result_row) def main(argv): cli_parser = make_cli_parser() opts, args = cli_parser.parse_args(argv) if len(args) != 2: cli_parser.error("Please provide an input file and output file.") infile = open(args[0]) in_csvfile = csv.reader(infile) outfile = open(args[1], 'w') out_csvfile = csv.writer(outfile) # gets an iterable of rows that's not yet evaluated input_rows = parse_input_csv(in_csvfile) # sends the rows iterable to sum_rows() for results iterable, but # still not evaluated result_rows = sum_rows(input_rows) # finally evaluation takes place as a chain in write_results() write_results(out_csvfile, result_rows) infile.close() outfile.close() if __name__ == '__main__': main(sys.argv[1:]) Let's take this program and rewrite it to use multiprocessing to parallelize the three parts outlined above. Below is a skeleton of this new, parallelized program, that needs to be fleshed out to address the parts in the comments: #!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding: UTF-8 -*- # multiproc_sums.py """A program that reads integer values from a CSV file and writes out their sums to another CSV file, using multiple processes if desired. """ import csv import multiprocessing import optparse import sys NUM_PROCS = multiprocessing.cpu_count() def make_cli_parser(): """Make the command line interface parser.""" usage = "\n\n".join(["python %prog INPUT_CSV OUTPUT_CSV", __doc__, """ ARGUMENTS: INPUT_CSV: an input CSV file with rows of numbers OUTPUT_CSV: an output file that will contain the sums\ """]) cli_parser = optparse.OptionParser(usage) cli_parser.add_option('-n', '--numprocs', type='int', default=NUM_PROCS, help="Number of processes to launch [DEFAULT: %default]") return cli_parser def main(argv): cli_parser = make_cli_parser() opts, args = cli_parser.parse_args(argv) if len(args) != 2: cli_parser.error("Please provide an input file and output file.") infile = open(args[0]) in_csvfile = csv.reader(infile) outfile = open(args[1], 'w') out_csvfile = csv.writer(outfile) # Parse the input file and add the parsed data to a queue for # processing, possibly chunking to decrease communication between # processes. # Process the parsed data as soon as any (chunks) appear on the # queue, using as many processes as allotted by the user # (opts.numprocs); place results on a queue for output. # # Terminate processes when the parser stops putting data in the # input queue. # Write the results to disk as soon as they appear on the output # queue. # Ensure all child processes have terminated. # Clean up files. infile.close() outfile.close() if __name__ == '__main__': main(sys.argv[1:]) These pieces of code, as well as another piece of code that can generate example CSV files for testing purposes, can be found on github. I would appreciate any insight here as to how you concurrency gurus would approach this problem. Here are some questions I had when thinking about this problem. Bonus points for addressing any/all: Should I have child processes for reading in the data and placing it into the queue, or can the main process do this without blocking until all input is read? Likewise, should I have a child process for writing the results out from the processed queue, or can the main process do this without having to wait for all the results? Should I use a processes pool for the sum operations? If yes, what method do I call on the pool to get it to start processing the results coming into the input queue, without blocking the input and output processes, too? apply_async()? map_async()? imap()? imap_unordered()? Suppose we didn't need to siphon off the input and output queues as data entered them, but could wait until all input was parsed and all results were calculated (e.g., because we know all the input and output will fit in system memory). Should we change the algorithm in any way (e.g., not run any processes concurrently with I/O)?

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• Dealing with external processes

  - by Jesse Aldridge

  I've been working on a gui app that needs to manage external processes. Working with external processes leads to a lot of issues that can make a programmer's life difficult. I feel like maintenence on this app is taking an unacceptably long time. I've been trying to list the things that make working with external processes difficult so that I can come up with ways of mitigating the pain. This kind of turned into a rant which I thought I'd post here in order to get some feedback and to provide some guidance to anybody thinking about sailing into these very murky waters. Here's what I've got so far: Output from the child can get mixed up with output from the parent. This can make both outputs misleading and hard to read. It can be hard to tell what came from where. It becomes harder to figure out what's going on when things are asynchronous. Here's a contrived example: import textwrap, os, time from subprocess import Popen test_path = 'test_file.py' with open(test_path, 'w') as file: file.write(textwrap.dedent(''' import time for i in range(3): print 'Hello %i' % i time.sleep(1)''')) proc = Popen('python -B "%s"' % test_path) for i in range(3): print 'Hello %i' % i time.sleep(1) os.remove(test_path) I guess I could have the child process write its output to a file. But it can be annoying to have to open up a file every time I want to see the result of a print statement. If I have code for the child process I could add a label, something like print 'child: Hello %i', but it can be annoying to do that for every print. And it adds some noise to the output. And of course I can't do it if I don't have access to the code. I could manually manage the process output. But then you open up a huge can of worms with threads and polling and stuff like that. A simple solution is to treat processes like synchronous functions, that is, no further code executes until the process completes. In other words, make the process block. But that doesn't work if you're building a gui app. Which brings me to the next problem... Blocking processes cause the gui to become unresponsive. import textwrap, sys, os from subprocess import Popen from PyQt4.QtGui import * from PyQt4.QtCore import * test_path = 'test_file.py' with open(test_path, 'w') as file: file.write(textwrap.dedent(''' import time for i in range(3): print 'Hello %i' % i time.sleep(1)''')) app = QApplication(sys.argv) button = QPushButton('Launch process') def launch_proc(): # Can't move the window until process completes proc = Popen('python -B "%s"' % test_path) proc.communicate() button.connect(button, SIGNAL('clicked()'), launch_proc) button.show() app.exec_() os.remove(test_path) Qt provides a process wrapper of its own called QProcess which can help with this. You can connect functions to signals to capture output relatively easily. This is what I'm currently using. But I'm finding that all these signals behave suspiciously like goto statements and can lead to spaghetti code. I think I want to get sort-of blocking behavior by having the 'finished' signal from QProcess call a function containing all the code that comes after the process call. I think that should work but I'm still a bit fuzzy on the details... Stack traces get interrupted when you go from the child process back to the parent process. If a normal function screws up, you get a nice complete stack trace with filenames and line numbers. If a subprocess screws up, you'll be lucky if you get any output at all. You end up having to do a lot more detective work everytime something goes wrong. Speaking of which, output has a way of disappearing when dealing external processes. Like if you run something via the windows 'cmd' command, the console will pop up, execute the code, and then disappear before you have a chance to see the output. You have to pass the /k flag to make it stick around. Similar issues seem to crop up all the time. I suppose both problems 3 and 4 have the same root cause: no exception handling. Exception handling is meant to be used with functions, it doesn't work with processes. Maybe there's some way to get something like exception handling for processes? I guess that's what stderr is for? But dealing with two different streams can be annoying in itself. Maybe I should look into this more... Processes can hang and stick around in the background without you realizing it. So you end up yelling at your computer cuz it's going so slow until you finally bring up your task manager and see 30 instances of the same process hanging out in the background. Also, hanging background processes can interefere with other instances of the process in various fun ways, such as causing permissions errors by holding a handle to a file or someting like that. It seems like an easy solution to this would be to have the parent process kill the child process on exit if the child process didn't close itself. But if the parent process crashes, cleanup code might not get called and the child can be left hanging. Also, if the parent waits for the child to complete, and the child is in an infinite loop or something, you can end up with two hanging processes. This problem can tie in to problem 2 for extra fun, causing your gui to stop responding entirely and force you to kill everything with the task manager. F***ing quotes Parameters often need to be passed to processes. This is a headache in itself. Especially if you're dealing with file paths. Say... 'C:/My Documents/whatever/'. If you don't have quotes, the string will often be split at the space and interpreted as two arguments. If you need nested quotes you can use ' and ". But if you need to use more than two layers of quotes, you have to do some nasty escaping, for example: "cmd /k 'python \'path 1\' \'path 2\''". A good solution to this problem is passing parameters as a list rather than as a single string. Subprocess allows you to do this. Can't easily return data from a subprocess. You can use stdout of course. But what if you want to throw a print in there for debugging purposes? That's gonna screw up the parent if it's expecting output formatted a certain way. In functions you can print one string and return another and everything works just fine. Obscure command-line flags and a crappy terminal based help system. These are problems I often run into when using os level apps. Like the /k flag I mentioned, for holding a cmd window open, who's idea was that? Unix apps don't tend to be much friendlier in this regard. Hopefully you can use google or StackOverflow to find the answer you need. But if not, you've got a lot of boring reading and frusterating trial and error to do. External factors. This one's kind of fuzzy. But when you leave the relatively sheltered harbor of your own scripts to deal with external processes you find yourself having to deal with the "outside world" to a much greater extent. And that's a scary place. All sorts of things can go wrong. Just to give a random example: the cwd in which a process is run can modify it's behavior. There are probably other issues, but those are the ones I've written down so far. Any other snags you'd like to add? Any suggestions for dealing with these problems?

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• Numpy zero rank array indexing/broadcasting

  - by Lemming

  I'm trying to write a function that supports broadcasting and is fast at the same time. However, numpy's zero-rank arrays are causing trouble as usual. I couldn't find anything useful on google, or by searching here. So, I'm asking you. How should I implement broadcasting efficiently and handle zero-rank arrays at the same time? This whole post became larger than anticipated, sorry. Details: To clarify what I'm talking about I'll give a simple example: Say I want to implement a Heaviside step-function. I.e. a function that acts on the real axis, which is 0 on the negative side, 1 on the positive side, and from case to case either 0, 0.5, or 1 at the point 0. Implementation Masking The most efficient way I found so far is the following. It uses boolean arrays as masks to assign the correct values to the corresponding slots in the output vector. from numpy import * def step_mask(x, limit=+1): """Heaviside step-function. y = 0 if x < 0 y = 1 if x > 0 See below for x == 0. Arguments: x Evaluate the function at these points. limit Which limit at x == 0? limit > 0: y = 1 limit == 0: y = 0.5 limit < 0: y = 0 Return: The values corresponding to x. """ b = broadcast(x, limit) out = zeros(b.shape) out[x>0] = 1 mask = (limit > 0) & (x == 0) out[mask] = 1 mask = (limit == 0) & (x == 0) out[mask] = 0.5 mask = (limit < 0) & (x == 0) out[mask] = 0 return out List Comprehension The following-the-numpy-docs way is to use a list comprehension on the flat iterator of the broadcast object. However, list comprehensions become absolutely unreadable for such complicated functions. def step_comprehension(x, limit=+1): b = broadcast(x, limit) out = empty(b.shape) out.flat = [ ( 1 if x_ > 0 else ( 0 if x_ < 0 else ( 1 if l_ > 0 else ( 0.5 if l_ ==0 else ( 0 ))))) for x_, l_ in b ] return out For Loop And finally, the most naive way is a for loop. It's probably the most readable option. However, Python for-loops are anything but fast. And hence, a really bad idea in numerics. def step_for(x, limit=+1): b = broadcast(x, limit) out = empty(b.shape) for i, (x_, l_) in enumerate(b): if x_ > 0: out[i] = 1 elif x_ < 0: out[i] = 0 elif l_ > 0: out[i] = 1 elif l_ < 0: out[i] = 0 else: out[i] = 0.5 return out Test First of all a brief test to see if the output is correct. >>> x = array([-1, -0.1, 0, 0.1, 1]) >>> step_mask(x, +1) array([ 0., 0., 1., 1., 1.]) >>> step_mask(x, 0) array([ 0. , 0. , 0.5, 1. , 1. ]) >>> step_mask(x, -1) array([ 0., 0., 0., 1., 1.]) It is correct, and the other two functions give the same output. Performance How about efficiency? These are the timings: In [45]: xl = linspace(-2, 2, 500001) In [46]: %timeit step_mask(xl) 10 loops, best of 3: 19.5 ms per loop In [47]: %timeit step_comprehension(xl) 1 loops, best of 3: 1.17 s per loop In [48]: %timeit step_for(xl) 1 loops, best of 3: 1.15 s per loop The masked version performs best as expected. However, I'm surprised that the comprehension is on the same level as the for loop. Zero Rank Arrays But, 0-rank arrays pose a problem. Sometimes you want to use a function scalar input. And preferably not have to worry about wrapping all scalars in at least 1-D arrays. >>> step_mask(1) Traceback (most recent call last): File "<ipython-input-50-91c06aa4487b>", line 1, in <module> step_mask(1) File "script.py", line 22, in step_mask out[x>0] = 1 IndexError: 0-d arrays can't be indexed. >>> step_for(1) Traceback (most recent call last): File "<ipython-input-51-4e0de4fcb197>", line 1, in <module> step_for(1) File "script.py", line 55, in step_for out[i] = 1 IndexError: 0-d arrays can't be indexed. >>> step_comprehension(1) array(1.0) Only the list comprehension can handle 0-rank arrays. The other two versions would need special case handling for 0-rank arrays. Numpy gets a bit messy when you want to use the same code for arrays and scalars. However, I really like to have functions that work on as arbitrary input as possible. Who knows which parameters I'll want to iterate over at some point. Question: What is the best way to implement a function as the one above? Is there a way to avoid if scalar then like special cases? I'm not looking for a built-in Heaviside. It's just a simplified example. In my code the above pattern appears in many places to make parameter iteration as simple as possible without littering the client code with for loops or comprehensions. Furthermore, I'm aware of Cython, or weave & Co., or implementation directly in C. However, the performance of the masked version above is sufficient for the moment. And for the moment I would like to keep things as simple as possible.

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• Ubuntu 12.10 broken, shutdown while updating

  - by UnknownDude

  I got the following problem: My PC shutdown while upgrading from 12.04 to 12.10. Everything seems to work but I can't install the missing updates. It always tells me to run apt-get install -f, but when I do so it just says: (It's in German, hope it doesn't matter) Paketlisten werden gelesen... Fertig Abhängigkeitsbaum wird aufgebaut Statusinformationen werden eingelesen... Fertig Abhängigkeiten werden korrigiert... Fertig Die folgenden Pakete wurden automatisch installiert und werden nicht mehr benötigt: espeak gcc-4.6-base:i386 gir1.2-notify-0.7 libcamel-1.2-29 libebook-1.2-12 libedataserver-1.2-15 libgconf2-4 libgnome-bluetooth8 libgnome-menu2 libgnomekbd7 libgomp1:i386 libgweather-3-0 libimobiledevice2 libindicate5 libkpathsea5 libpoppler19 libusbmuxd1 python-gmenu Verwenden Sie »apt-get autoremove«, um sie zu entfernen. Die folgenden zusätzlichen Pakete werden installiert: nvidia-current-updates xserver-xorg-core xserver-xorg-input-evdev xserver-xorg-input-mouse xserver-xorg-input-synaptics xserver-xorg-input-vmmouse xserver-xorg-input-wacom xserver-xorg-video-cirrus xserver-xorg-video-fbdev xserver-xorg-video-mga xserver-xorg-video-neomagic xserver-xorg-video-nouveau xserver-xorg-video-openchrome xserver-xorg-video-qxl xserver-xorg-video-savage xserver-xorg-video-sis xserver-xorg-video-sisusb xserver-xorg-video-tdfx xserver-xorg-video-vesa xserver-xorg-video-vmware Vorgeschlagene Pakete: xfonts-100dpi xfonts-75dpi gpointing-device-settings touchfreeze firmware-linux Die folgenden Pakete werden ENTFERNT: nvidia-current Die folgenden Pakete werden aktualisiert (Upgrade): nvidia-current-updates xserver-xorg-core xserver-xorg-input-evdev xserver-xorg-input-mouse xserver-xorg-input-synaptics xserver-xorg-input-vmmouse xserver-xorg-input-wacom xserver-xorg-video-cirrus xserver-xorg-video-fbdev xserver-xorg-video-mga xserver-xorg-video-neomagic xserver-xorg-video-nouveau xserver-xorg-video-openchrome xserver-xorg-video-qxl xserver-xorg-video-savage xserver-xorg-video-sis xserver-xorg-video-sisusb xserver-xorg-video-tdfx xserver-xorg-video-vesa xserver-xorg-video-vmware 20 aktualisiert, 0 neu installiert, 1 zu entfernen und 133 nicht aktualisiert. 8 nicht vollständig installiert oder entfernt. Es müssen noch 0 B von 70,6 MB an Archiven heruntergeladen werden. Nach dieser Operation werden 184 MB Plattenplatz freigegeben. Möchten Sie fortfahren [J/n]? j (Lese Datenbank ... 242727 Dateien und Verzeichnisse sind derzeit installiert.) Entfernen von nvidia-current ... Removing all DKMS Modules Error! There are no instances of module: nvidia-current 295.40 located in the DKMS tree. Done. Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/quirks-handler", line 26, in <module> import Quirks.quirkapplier File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/Quirks/quirkapplier.py", line 26, in <module> import XKit.xutils ImportError: No module named XKit.xutils dpkg: Fehler beim Bearbeiten von nvidia-current (--remove): Unterprozess installiertes pre-removal-Skript gab den Fehlerwert 1 zurück Trigger für bamfdaemon werden verarbeitet ... Rebuilding /usr/share/applications/bamf.index... Trigger für libc-bin werden verarbeitet ... ldconfig deferred processing now taking place Fehler traten auf beim Bearbeiten von: nvidia-current E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1) When I try to remove nvidia-current it tells me to run apt-get install -f. Do you guys have any idea? I don't want to reinstall my whole system, takes a lot of time to encrypt everything again and so on.

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• Ubuntu-one syncs single files, but not directories [closed]

  - by Luiz Cláudio Duarte

  I'm using Ubuntu 10.10, fully updated. I have tried to sync my ~/Documents and ~/Pictures folders; U1 replicates the directory structure, but no files are uploaded. Next I tried to sync a single file inside ~/Ubuntu One and it was synced. Then I tried to put a directory inside ~/Ubuntu One and, again, the directory structure was replicated, but no files were synced. All the files have the "syncing" icon, however. The latest syncdaemon.log is below: 2011-03-30 07:41:50,752 - ubuntuone.SyncDaemon.fsm - INFO - loading updated metadata 2011-03-30 07:41:55,081 - ubuntuone.SyncDaemon.fsm - INFO - initialized: idx_path: 266, idx_node_id: 266, shares: 1 2011-03-30 07:41:55,082 - ubuntuone.SyncDaemon.GeneralINotProc - INFO - Ignoring files: ['\\A#.*\\Z', '\\A.*~\\Z', '\\A.*\\.py[oc]\\Z', '\\A.*\\.sw[nopx]\\Z', '\\A.*\\.swpx\\Z', '\\A\\..*\\.tmp\\Z'] 2011-03-30 07:41:55,083 - ubuntuone.SyncDaemon.HQ - INFO - HashQueue: _hasher started 2011-03-30 07:41:55,902 - ubuntuone.SyncDaemon.DBus - INFO - DBusInterface initialized. 2011-03-30 07:41:55,903 - ubuntuone.SyncDaemon.Main - INFO - Using '/home/l_claudius/Ubuntu One' as root dir 2011-03-30 07:41:55,903 - ubuntuone.SyncDaemon.Main - INFO - Using '/home/l_claudius/.local/share/ubuntuone/syncdaemon' as data dir 2011-03-30 07:41:55,903 - ubuntuone.SyncDaemon.Main - INFO - Using '/home/l_claudius/.local/share/ubuntuone/shares' as shares root dir 2011-03-30 07:41:55,903 - ubuntuone.SyncDaemon.Main - NOTE - ---- MARK (state: <State: 'INIT' (queues IDLE connection 'Not User Not Network')>; queues: metadata: 0; content: 0; hash: 0, fsm-cache: hit=1 miss=266) ---- 2011-03-30 07:41:55,904 - ubuntuone.SyncDaemon.Main - NOTE - Local rescan starting... 2011-03-30 07:41:55,904 - ubuntuone.SyncDaemon.local_rescan - INFO - start scan all volumes 2011-03-30 07:41:55,906 - ubuntuone.SyncDaemon.local_rescan - INFO - processing trash 2011-03-30 07:41:56,044 - ubuntuone.SyncDaemon.local_rescan - INFO - processing move limbo 2011-03-30 07:41:56,491 - ubuntuone.SyncDaemon.Main - NOTE - Local rescan finished! 2011-03-30 07:41:56,492 - ubuntuone.SyncDaemon.Main - INFO - hash queue empty. We are ready! 2011-03-30 07:42:15,583 - ubuntuone.SyncDaemon.DBus - INFO - u'CredentialsFound': callbacking with credentials (token_name: None). 2011-03-30 07:42:15,584 - ubuntuone.SyncDaemon.DBus - INFO - connect: credential request was successful, pushing SYS_USER_CONNECT. 2011-03-30 07:42:15,617 - ubuntuone.SyncDaemon.ActionQueue - INFO - Connection started to host fs-1.one.ubuntu.com, port 443. 2011-03-30 07:42:15,977 - ubuntuone.SyncDaemon.ActionQueue - INFO - Connection made. 2011-03-30 07:42:15,978 - ubuntuone.SyncDaemon.StorageClient - INFO - Connection made. 2011-03-30 07:42:16,581 - ubuntuone.SyncDaemon.ActionQueue - INFO - The request 'protocol_version' finished OK. 2011-03-30 07:42:16,774 - ubuntuone.SyncDaemon.ActionQueue - INFO - The request 'caps_raising_if_not_accepted' finished OK. 2011-03-30 07:42:16,966 - ubuntuone.SyncDaemon.ActionQueue - INFO - The request 'caps_raising_if_not_accepted' finished OK. 2011-03-30 07:42:17,722 - ubuntuone.SyncDaemon.ActionQueue - INFO - The request 'oauth_authenticate' finished OK. 2011-03-30 07:42:17,723 - ubuntuone.SyncDaemon.ActionQueue - NOTE - Session ID: '563bc960-35fa-4f44-b9b6-125819656dc3' 2011-03-30 07:42:19,258 - ubuntuone.SyncDaemon.ActionQueue - INFO - The request 'list_volumes' finished OK. 2011-03-30 07:43:55,903 - ubuntuone.SyncDaemon.Main - NOTE - ---- MARK (state: <State: 'QUEUE_MANAGER' (queues IDLE connection 'With User With Network')>; queues: metadata: 0; content: 0; hash: 0, fsm-cache: hit=1059 miss=266) ---- 2011-03-30 07:45:55,903 - ubuntuone.SyncDaemon.Main - NOTE - ---- MARK (state: <State: 'QUEUE_MANAGER' (queues IDLE connection 'With User With Network')>; queues: metadata: 0; content: 0; hash: 0, fsm-cache: hit=1059 miss=266) ---- 2011-03-30 07:47:55,903 - ubuntuone.SyncDaemon.Main - NOTE - ---- MARK (state: <State: 'QUEUE_MANAGER' (queues IDLE connection 'With User With Network')>; queues: metadata: 0; content: 0; hash: 0, fsm-cache: hit=1059 miss=266) ---- 2011-03-30 07:49:55,903 - ubuntuone.SyncDaemon.Main - NOTE - ---- MARK (state: <State: 'QUEUE_MANAGER' (queues IDLE connection 'With User With Network')>; queues: metadata: 0; content: 0; hash: 0, fsm-cache: hit=1059 miss=266) ---- 2011-03-30 07:51:55,903 - ubuntuone.SyncDaemon.Main - NOTE - ---- MARK (state: <State: 'QUEUE_MANAGER' (queues IDLE connection 'With User With Network')>; queues: metadata: 0; content: 0; hash: 0, fsm-cache: hit=1059 miss=266) ----

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• How to autostart Kupfer in Ubuntu 13.10?

  - by JJD

  I built Kupfer from source on Ubuntu 13.10 and installed it into ./local. In the preferences I checked Start automatically on login. However, Kupfer does not automatically start. The desktop file in ~/.local/share/applications/kupfer.desktop looks like this: [Desktop Entry] Version=1.0 Name=Kupfer Name[cs]=Kupfer Name[da]=Kupfer Name[de]=Kupfer Name[el]=Kupfer Name[es]=Kupfer Name[eu]=Kupfer Name[fr]=Kupfer Name[gl]=Kupfer Name[hu]=Kupfer Name[it]=Kupfer Name[ko]=?? Name[nb]=Kupfer Name[nl]=Kupfer Name[pl]=Kupfer Name[pt]=Kupfer Name[pt_BR]=Kupfer Name[ru]=Kupfer Name[sl]=Kupfer Name[sv]=Kupfer Name[tr]=Kupfer Name[zh_CN]=Kupfer GenericName=Application Launcher GenericName[ca]=Llançador d'aplicació GenericName[cs]=Spouštec aplikací GenericName[da]=Programopstarter GenericName[de]=Anwendungsstarter GenericName[el]=??????t?? efa?µ???? GenericName[es]=Lanzador de aplicaciones GenericName[eu]=Aplikazioen abiarazlea GenericName[fr]=Lanceur d'applications GenericName[gl]=Iniciador de aplicativos GenericName[hu]=Alkalmazásindító GenericName[it]=Lanciatore di applicazioni GenericName[ko]=?? ???? ?? ??? GenericName[nb]=Programstarter GenericName[nl]=Programmastarter GenericName[pl]=Aktywator programów GenericName[pt]=Lançador de Aplicações GenericName[pt_BR]=Lançador de aplicativos GenericName[ru]=???????? ??????? ?????????? GenericName[sl]=Zaganjalnik programov GenericName[sv]=Programstartare GenericName[tr]=Uygulama Çalistirici GenericName[zh_CN]=????? Comment=Convenient command and access tool for applications and documents Comment[cs]=Nástroj pro pohodlné provádení príkazu a prístup k aplikacím a dokumentum Comment[da]=Nemt kommando- og adgangsværktøj til programmer og dokumenter Comment[de]=Praktisches Befehls- und Zugriffswerkzeug für Anwendungen und Dokumente Comment[el]=?????? e??a?e?? e?t???? ?a? p??sßas?? ??a efa?µ???? ?a? ????afa Comment[es]=Herramienta para acceso y manejo de aplicaciones y documentos Comment[eu]=Komando eta atzipen tresna egokia aplikazio eta dokumentuentzat Comment[fr]=Outil pratique pour accéder à des documents et lancer des applications Comment[gl]=Ferramenta cómoda para controlar e acceder a aplicativos e documentos Comment[hu]=Kényelmes parancs és hozzáférési eszköz az alkalmazásokhoz és dokumentumokhoz Comment[it]=Comodo comando e strumento di accesso per applicazioni e documenti Comment[ko]=???? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ? ?? ?? Comment[nb]=Praktiskt kommandoverktøy for programmer og dokumenter Comment[nl]=Handige opdracht- en toegangshulp voor programma's en documenten Comment[pl]=Wygodne narzedzie do uruchamiania programów i otwierania dokumentów Comment[pt]=Ferramenta conveniente para acesso e gestão de aplicações e documentos Comment[pt_BR]=Uma conveniente ferramenta de comando e acesso para aplicativos e documentos Comment[ru]=??????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ??????? ? ?????????? ? ?????????? Comment[sl]=Prikladno orodje za izvajanje ukazov in dostopa do programov in dokumentov Comment[sv]=Praktiskt kommandoprogram för åtkomst av program och dokument Comment[zh_CN]=???????????????? Icon=kupfer Exec=python /home/user/.local/share/kupfer/kupfer.py %F Type=Application Categories=Utility; StartupNotify=true X-UserData=$CONFIG/kupfer;$DATA/kupfer;$CACHE/kupfer Terminal=false

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• SEO/Google: How should I handle multiple countries and domains?

  - by Valorized

  Hello. I'm the webmaster of an online shop based in Austria (Europe). Therefore we registered "example.at". We also own different other domain names like "example-shop.com" and "example.info". Currently all those domains are redirected (301) to the .at one. Still available is: "example.net" and "example.org" (and .ws/.cc), unfortunately not available: .de/.eu The .com is currently owned by one of our partners, the contract ends in 2012 but until then we have no chance to get this one. Recently I read more about geo-targeting and I noticed ONE big deal. The tld ".at" is hardly recognised in Germany (google.de) whereas it is excellently listed in Austria (google.at). As a result of the .at I cannot set the target location manually (or to unlisted). More info: https://www.google.com/support/webmasters/bin/answer.py?answer=62399&hl=en This is a big problem. I looked at Google Analytics and - although Germany is 10x as big as Austria - there are more visits from Austria. So, how should I config the domain in order to get the best results in both, Germany and Austria? I thought of some solutions: First I could stop redirecting the .info. Then there would be a duplicate of the .at one. Moreover, in Webmastertools, I could set the target location of the .info to Germany. As the .at still targets Austria, both would be targeted - however I don't now if google punishes one of them because of the duplicate content? Same as 1. but with .net or .org (I think .info is not a "nice" domain and moreover I think search engines prefer .com, .net or .org to .info). Same as 1. (or 2.) but with a rel="canonical" on the new one (pointing to the .at). Con: I don't think this will improve the situation, because it still tells google that the .at one is more important, like: "if .info points to .at, the target may still be Austria". rel="canonical" on the .at pointing to the new (.info or .net or .org). However I fear that this will have a negative impact on the listing on google.at because: "Hey, the well-known .at is not important anymore, so let's focus on the .info which is not well-known." - Therefore: bad position in search results. Redirect .at to the new (.info or .net or .org) with a 301-Redirect. Con: Might be worse than 4, we might loose Page-Rank (or "the value of the page", because google says that page rank is not important anymore). Moreover this might be even more confusing for the customers. In 3. or 4. customers don't get redirected, they do not see the canonical-meta-tag. So, dear experts, please tell me what the best option would be! Thank you very much for your advice in advance and please excuse the long question. I really appreciate this network! Please note: It's exactly the same content AND language. In Austria we speak German.

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• SCons does not clean all files

  - by meowsqueak

  I have a file system containing directories of "builds", each of which contains a file called "build-info.xml". However some of the builds happened before the build script generated "build-info.xml" so in that case I have a somewhat non-trivial SCons SConstruct that is used to generate a skeleton build-info.xml so that it can be used as a dependency for further rules. I.e.: for each directory: if build-info.xml already exists, do nothing. More importantly, do not remove it on a 'scons --clean'. if build-info.xml does not exist, generate a skeleton one instead - build-info.xml has no dependencies on any other files - the skeleton is essentially minimal defaults. during a --clean, remove build-info.xml if it was generated, otherwise leave it be. My SConstruct looks something like this: def generate_actions_BuildInfoXML(source, target, env, for_signature): cmd = "python '%s/bin/create-build-info-xml.py' --version $VERSION --path . --output ${TARGET.file}" % (Dir('#').abspath,) return cmd bld = Builder(generator = generate_actions_BuildInfoXML, chdir = 1) env.Append(BUILDERS = { "BuildInfoXML" : bld }) ... # VERSION = some arbitrary string, not important here # path = filesystem path, set elsewhere build_info_xml = "%s/build-info.xml" % (path,) if not os.path.exists(build_info_xml): env.BuildInfoXML(build_info_xml, None, VERSION = build) My problem is that 'scons --clean' does not remove the generated build-info.xml files. I played around with env.Clean(t, build_info_xml) within the 'if' but I was unable to get this to work - mainly because I could not work out what to assign to 't' - I want a generated build-info.xml to be cleaned unconditionally, rather than based on the cleaning of another target, and I wasn't able to get this to work. If I tried a simple env.Clean(None, "build_info_xml") after but outside the 'if' I found that SCons would clean every single build-info.xml file including those that weren't generated. Not good either. What I'd like to know is how SCons goes about determining which files should be cleaned and which should not. Is there something funny about the way I've used a generator function that prevents SCons from recording this target as a Clean candidate?

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• PYTHON: ntlm authentication

  - by Svetlana

  Hello!! I'm trying to implement NTLM authentication on IIS (Windows Server 2003) from Windows 7 with python. LAN Manager Authentication Level: Send NTLM response only. Client machine and server are in the same domain. Domain controller (AD) is on another server (also running Windows Server 2003). I recieve 401.1 - Unauthorized: Access is denied due to invalid credentials. Could you please help me find out what is wrong with this code and/or show me the other possible directions to solve this problem (using NTLM or Kerberos)? [python] import sys, httplib, base64, string import urllib2 import win32api import sspi import pywintypes import socket class WindoewNtlmMessageGenerator: def __init__(self,user=None): import win32api,sspi if not user: user = win32api.GetUserName() self.sspi_client = sspi.ClientAuth("NTLM",user) def create_auth_req(self): import pywintypes output_buffer = None error_msg = None try: error_msg, output_buffer = self.sspi_client.authorize(None) except pywintypes.error: return None auth_req = output_buffer[0].Buffer auth_req = base64.encodestring(auth_req) auth_req = string.replace(auth_req,'\012','') return auth_req def create_challenge_response(self,challenge): import pywintypes output_buffer = None input_buffer = challenge error_msg = None try: error_msg, output_buffer = self.sspi_client.authorize(input_buffer) except pywintypes.error: return None response_msg = output_buffer[0].Buffer response_msg = base64.encodestring(response_msg) response_msg = string.replace(response_msg,'\012','') return response_msg fname='request.xml' request = file(fname).read() ip_host = '10.0.3.112' ntlm_gen = WindoewNtlmMessageGenerator() auth_req_msg = ntlm_gen.create_auth_req() auth_req_msg_dec = base64.decodestring(auth_req_msg) auth_req_msg = string.replace(auth_req_msg,'\012','') webservice = httplib.HTTPConnection(ip_host) webservice.putrequest("POST", "/idc/idcplg") webservice.putheader("Content-length", "%d" % len(request)) webservice.putheader('Authorization', 'NTLM'+' '+auth_req_msg) webservice.endheaders() resp = webservice.getresponse() resp.read() challenge = resp.msg.get('WWW-Authenticate') challenge_dec = base64.decodestring(challenge.split()[1]) msg3 = ntlm_gen.create_challenge_response(challenge_dec) webservice = httplib.HTTP(ip_host) webservice.putrequest("POST", "/idc/idcplg?IdcService=LOGIN&Auth=Intranet") webservice.putheader("Host", SHOD) webservice.putheader("Content-length", "%d" % len(request)) webservice.putheader('Authorization', 'NTLM'+' '+msg3) webservice.putheader("Content-type", "text/xml; charset=\"UTF-8\"") webservice.putheader("SOAPAction", "\"\"") webservice.endheaders() webservice.send(request) statuscode, statusmessage, header = webservice.getreply() res = webservice.getfile().read() res_file = file('result.txt','wb') res_file.write(res) res_file.close() [/python] sspi.py is available here: http://www.koders.com/python/fidF3B0061A07CD13BA35FF263E3E45252CFABFAA3B.aspx?s=timer Thanks!

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• ImportError: No module named QtWebKit

  - by Hallik

  I am on centos5. I installed python26 source with a make altinstall. Then I did a: yum install qt4 yum install qt4-devel yum install qt4-doc From riverbankcomputing.co.uk I downloaded the source for sip 4.10.2, compiled and installed fine. Then from the same site I downloaded and compiled from source PyQt-x11-4.7.3 Both installs were using the python26 version (/usr/local/bin/python2.6). So configure.py, make, and make install worked with no errors. Finally, I tried to run this script, but got the error in the subject of this post: import sys import signal from PyQt4.QtCore import * from PyQt4.QtGui import * from PyQt4.QtWebKit import QWebPage def onLoadFinished(result): if not result: print "Request failed" sys.exit(1) #screen = QtGui.QDesktopWidget().screenGeometry() size = webpage.mainFrame().contentsSize() # Set the size of the (virtual) browser window webpage.setViewportSize(webpage.mainFrame().contentsSize()) # Paint this frame into an image image = QImage(webpage.viewportSize(), QImage.Format_ARGB32) painter = QPainter(image) webpage.mainFrame().render(painter) painter.end() image.save("output2.png") sys.exit(0) app = QApplication(sys.argv) signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, signal.SIG_DFL) webpage = QWebPage() webpage.connect(webpage, SIGNAL("loadFinished(bool)"), onLoadFinished) webpage.mainFrame().load(QUrl("http://www.google.com")) sys.exit(app.exec_()) Even in the beginning of the configure for pyqt4, I saw it say QtWebKit should be installed, but apparently it's not? What's going on? I just did a find, and it looks like it wasn't installed. What are my options? [root@localhost ~]# find / -name '*QtWebKit*' /root/PyQt-x11-gpl-4.7.3/sip/QtWebKit /root/PyQt-x11-gpl-4.7.3/sip/QtWebKit/QtWebKitmod.sip /root/PyQt-x11-gpl-4.7.3/cfgtest_QtWebKit.cpp

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• Return template as string - Django

  - by Ninefingers

  Hi All, I'm still not sure this is the correct way to go about this, maybe not, but I'll ask anyway. I'd like to re-write wordpress (justification: because I can) albeit more simply myself in Django and I'm looking to be able to configure elements in different ways on the page. So for example I might have: Blog models A site update message model A latest comments model. Now, for each page on the site I want the user to be able to choose the order of and any items that go on it. In my thought process, this would work something like: class Page(models.Model) Slug = models.CharField(max_length=100) class PageItem(models.Model) Page = models.ForeignKey(Page) ItemType = models.CharField(max_length=100) InstanceNum = models.IntegerField() # all models have primary keys. Then, ideally, my template would loop through all the PageItems in a page which is easy enough to do. But what if my page item is a site update as opposed to a blog post? Basically, I am thinking I'd like to pull different item types back in different orders and display them using the appropriate templates. Now, I thought one way to do this would be to, in views.py, to loop through all of the objects and call the appropriate view function, return a bit of html as a string and then pipe that into the resultant template. My question is - is this the best way to go about doing things? If so, how do I do it? If not, which way should I be going? I'm pretty new to Django so I'm still learning what it can and can't do, so please bear with me. I've checked SO for dupes and don't think this has been asked before...

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• Programmatically convert *.odt file to MS Word *.doc file using an OpenOffice.org basic macro

  - by Chen Levy

  I am trying to build a reStructuredText to MS Word document tool-chain, so I will be able to save only the rst sources in version control. So far I -- Have rst2odt.py to convert reStructuredText to OpenOffice.org Writer format. Next I want to use the most recent OpenOffice.org (currently 3.1) that do a pretty decent work of generating a Word 97/2000/XP document, so I wrote the macro: sub ConvertToWord(file as string) rem ---------------------------------------------------------------------- rem define variables dim document as object dim dispatcher as object rem ---------------------------------------------------------------------- rem get access to the document document = ThisComponent.CurrentController.Frame dispatcher = createUnoService("com.sun.star.frame.DispatchHelper") rem ---------------------------------------------------------------------- dim odf(1) as new com.sun.star.beans.PropertyValue odf(0).Name = "URL" odf(0).Value = "file://" + file + ".odt" odf(1).Name = "FilterName" odf(1).Value = "MS Word 97" dispatcher.executeDispatch(document, ".uno:Open", "", 0, odf()) rem ---------------------------------------------------------------------- dim doc(1) as new com.sun.star.beans.PropertyValue doc(0).Name = "URL" doc(0).Value = "file://" + file + ".doc" doc(1).Name = "FilterName" doc(1).Value = "MS Word 97" dispatcher.executeDispatch(document, ".uno:SaveAs", "", 0, doc()) end sub But when I executing it: soffice "macro:///Standard.Module1.ConvertToWord(/path/to/odt_file_wo_ext)" I get a: "BASIC runtime error. Property or method not found." message On the line: document = ThisComponent.CurrentController.Frame And when I comment that line, the above invocation complete without error, but do nothing. I guess I need to somehow set the value of document to a newly created instance, but I don't know how to do it. Or am I going at it at a completely backward way? P.S. I will consider JODConverter as a fallback, because I try to minimize my dependencies.

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• Django - The included urlconf doesn't have any patterns in it

  - by unsorted

  My website, which was working before, suddenly started breaking with the error "ImproperlyConfigured at / The included urlconf resume.urls doesn't have any patterns in it" The project base is called resume. In settings.py I have set ROOT_URLCONF = 'resume.urls' Here's my resume.urls, which sits in the project root directory. from django.conf.urls.defaults import * # Uncomment the next two lines to enable the admin: from django.contrib import admin admin.autodiscover() urlpatterns = patterns('', # Example: # (r'^resume/', include('resume.foo.urls')), # Uncomment the admin/doc line below and add 'django.contrib.admindocs' # to INSTALLED_APPS to enable admin documentation: (r'^admin/doc/', include('django.contrib.admindocs.urls')), # Uncomment the next line to enable the admin: (r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)), (r'^accounts/login/$', 'django.contrib.auth.views.login'), #(r'^employer/', include(students.urls)), (r'^ajax/', include('urls.ajax')), (r'^student/', include('students.urls')), (r'^club/(?P<object_id>\d+)/$', 'resume.students.views.club_detail'), (r'^company/(?P<object_id>\d+)/$', 'resume.students.views.company_detail'), (r'^program/(?P<object_id>\d+)/$', 'resume.students.views.program_detail'), (r'^course/(?P<object_id>\d+)/$', 'resume.students.views.course_detail'), (r'^career/(?P<object_id>\d+)/$', 'resume.students.views.career_detail'), (r'^site_media/(?P<path>.*)$', 'django.views.static.serve', {'document_root': 'C:/code/django/resume/media'}), ) Anyone know what's wrong? This is driving me crazy. Thanks,

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• Compiling scipy on Windows 32-bit: linker error with libf77blas.a

  - by Sridhar Ratnakumar

  Has anyone tried compiling SciPy 0.7.1 on Windows using numpy-1.3.0 that was built with the pre-built ATLAS libraries (atlas3.6.0_WinNT_P4SSE2.zip) linked in the installation document. I get the following linker error, and have no ideas as to how to fix this issue. $ python setup.py config --compiler=mingw32 build --compiler=mingw32 install --root=i [...] creating build\temp.win32-2.6\Release creating build\temp.win32-2.6\Release\scipy creating build\temp.win32-2.6\Release\scipy\integrate compile options: '-DNO_ATLAS_INFO=2 -I"C:\Documents and Settings\apy\Application Data\Python\Python26\site-packages\numpy\core\inc lude" -IC:\Python26\include -IC:\Python26\PC -c' gcc -mno-cygwin -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -DNO_ATLAS_INFO=2 -I"C:\Documents and Settings\apy\Application Data\Python\Python26\ site-packages\numpy\core\include" -IC:\Python26\include -IC:\Python26\PC -c scipy\integrate\_odepackmo dule.c -o build\temp.win32-2.6\Release\scipy\integrate\_odepackmodule.o C:\MinGW\bin\g77.exe -g -Wall -mno-cygwin -g -Wall -mno-cygwin -shared build\temp.win32-2.6\Release\scipy\integrate\_odepackmodule .o -LC:\atlas3.6.0_WinNT_P4SSE2 -LC:\MinGW\lib -LC:\MinGW\lib\gcc\mingw32\3.4.5 -LC:\Python26\libs -LC:\Act ivePython32Python26\PCbuild -Lbuild\temp.win32-2.6 -lodepack -llinpack_lite -lmach -latlas -lcblas -lf77blas -llapack -lpython26 - lg2c -o build\lib.win32-2.6\scipy\integrate\_odepack.pyd C:\atlas3.6.0_WinNT_P4SSE2/libf77blas.a(ATL_F77wrap_daxpy.o):ATL_F77wrap_axpy.c:(.text+0x3c): undefined reference to `ATL _daxpy' C:\atlas3.6.0_WinNT_P4SSE2/libf77blas.a(ATL_F77wrap_dscal.o):ATL_F77wrap_scal.c:(.text+0x26): undefined reference to `ATL _dscal' C:\atlas3.6.0_WinNT_P4SSE2/libf77blas.a(ATL_F77wrap_dcopy.o):ATL_F77wrap_copy.c:(.text+0x3d): undefined reference to `ATL _dcopy' C:\atlas3.6.0_WinNT_P4SSE2/libf77blas.a(ATL_F77wrap_idamax.o):ATL_F77wrap_amax.c:(.text+0x1e): undefined reference to `AT L_idamax' C:\atlas3.6.0_WinNT_P4SSE2/libf77blas.a(ATL_F77wrap_ddot.o):ATL_F77wrap_dot.c:(.text+0x36): undefined reference to `ATL_d dot' collect2: ld returned 1 exit status error: Command "C:\MinGW\bin\g77.exe -g -Wall -mno-cygwin -g -Wall -mno-cygwin -shared build\temp.win32-2.6\Release\scipy\integrat e\_odepackmodule.o -LC:\atlas3.6.0_WinNT_P4SSE2 -LC:\MinGW\lib -LC:\MinGW\lib\gcc\mingw32\3.4.5 -LC:\Python 26\libs -LC:\Python26\PCbuild -Lbuild\temp.win32-2.6 -lodepack -llinpack_lite -lmach -latlas -lcblas -lf77blas -llap ack -lpython26 -lg2c -o build\lib.win32-2.6\scipy\integrate\_odepack.pyd" failed with exit status 1 Does anyone know what could have gone wrong here? Looking for ATL_daxpy, for example, in libf77blas.a resulted in: $ strings libf77blas.a | grep -i daxpy _daxpy_ _atl_f77wrap_daxpy_ ATL_F77wrap_daxpy.o/ daxpy.o/ 1081731936 1003 513 100755 420 ` daxpy.f _daxpy_ _atl_f77wrap_daxpy_ _atl_f77wrap_daxpy_ _ATL_daxpy There is _ATL_daxpy, but no ATL_daxpy.

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• Dynamically create and save image with Django and PIL/Django-Photologue

  - by Travis

  I want to generate a page of html with dynamic content and then save the result as an image as well as display the page to the user. So, user signs up to attend conference and gives their name and org. That data is combined with html/css elements to show what their id badge for the conference will look like (their name and org on top of our conference logo background) for preview. Upon approval, the page is saved on the server to an image format (PNG, PDF or JPG) to be printed onto a physical badge by an admin later. I am using Django and django-photologue powered by PIL. The view might look like this # app/views.py def badgepreview(request, attendee_id): u = User.objects.get(id=attendee_id) name = u.name org = u.org return render_to_response('app/badgepreview.html', {'name':name,'org':org,}, context_instance = RequestContext(request), ) The template could look like this {# templates/app/badgepreview.html #} {% extends "base.html" %} {% block page_body %} <div style='background:url(/site_media/img/logo_bg.png) no-repeat;'> <h4>{{ name }}</h4> <h4>{{ org }}</h4> </div> {% endblock %} simple, but how do I save the result? Or is there a better way to get this done?

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