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• information about /proc/pid/sched

  - by redeye

  Not sure this is the right place for this question, but here goes: I'm trying to make some sense of the /proc/pid/sched and /proc/pid/task/tid/sched files for a highly threaded server process, however I was not able to find a good explanation of how to interpret this file ( just a few bits here: http://knol.google.com/k/linux-performance-tuning-and-measurement# ) . I assume this entry in procfs is related to newer versions of the kernel that run with the CFS scheduler? CentOS distro running on a 2.6.24.7-149.el5rt kernel version with preempt rt patch. Any thoughts?

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• How to backup MySQL (mysqldump) when Memcached installed?

  - by cewebugil

  The server OS is CentOS, with Memcached installed Before Memcached installed, I use mysqldump -u root -p --lock-tables --add-locks --disable-keys --skip-extended-insert --quick wcraze > /var/backup/backup.sql But now, Memcached has been installed. According to Wikipedia; When the table is full, subsequent inserts cause older data to be purged in least recently used (LRU) order. This means new data entry is not directly saved in MySQL, but saved in Memcached instead, until limit_maxbytes is full, the least accessed data will be saved in MySQL. This means, some data is not in the MySQL but in Memcached. So, when backup, the new entry is not in the backup data What is the right way to backup?

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• Set ReturnPath globally in Postfix

  - by Gaia

  I have Magento using Sendmail and Wordpress using PHPmailer to send webapp-generated mail. Occasionally, someone will enter their email address incorrectly and the mail (let's say, a purchase receipt) will bounce back to the return-path specified by the script. I dont want to set the return path for each vhost, especially because it is not easily done. Ideally, WP would use the address of the blog admin and Magento would use one of the numerous email fields specified, but they default to using username@machinename (in my case, username is the system user and machinename is a FQDN, but it is not the same as the actual vhost FQDN). The result is that bounced mail returns to the server and, since the server is used only for outbound SMTP, the messages sit there, undelivered and worse, unread. I'm Postfix 2.6.6 on CentOS 6.3, is it possible to globally force a specific returnpath for all messages sent via PHP on the server?

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• Slow website load with CNAME, fast when using IP

  - by Nate Strandberg

  I setup two DNS servers on my network: ns1.byte-werx.com && ns2.byte-werx.com I can ping the DNS servers and get a fairly good response time, when I dig them I also get a fairly reasonable response, but any website I filter through them is painfully slow (an upwards of 20+ seconds) -- verifiable by performing a tracert or attempting to access the URL in a browser. The DNS servers are running CentOS 6.3 and BIND9 with 500MB of memory (I figure that should be more than enough?). I have a reverse look-up zone (1.168.192) along with two website zones (www.byte-werx.com and www.stayhomedental.com) If I access the websites using their IP the page loads nearly instantly so I do not believe the issue is with the hosting server, but that is running Ubuntu Server 12.04 and Apache2 with 12GB memory. Any thoughts? I do not have the named.conf file in front of me but I can edit this post to include it if you feel it would be useful. Thanks for any advice!

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• Best way to block a country by IP address?

  - by George Edison

  I have a website that needs to block a particular country based on IP address. I am more than aware that IP-based blocking is not a foolproof method for blocking visitors, but it is a necessary step in the right direction. Since I'm using PHP, what I would do is use a GeoIP database like geoplugin.net. However, I'm curious to know if there's a better way of doing this. The website is on a shared webserver (I don't have root access) and it is running Apache on centOS. I guess my question is "can an .htaccess file be configured to block by IP using an external source to lookup IP addresses."

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• Can't mount home after trying to resize (bad geometry: block count exceeds size of device).

  - by Lynn

  This is on a fresh computer (super computer actually). It got to me with 15T on the home mount and 50G on the root. I tried allocating 7T to root and resizing (since I'm putting a local yum repo on this machine as it has no internet access nor will it ever). I tried following the instructions here: Centos 6.3 disk space allocation but something went wrong and the home won't mount again. Instead I get from dmesg | tail: EXT4-fs (dm-2): bad geometry: block count 4294967295 exceeds size of device (1342177280 blocks) df -h nets this output: Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root 7.0T 3.6G 6.6T 1% / tmpfs 190G 216K 190G 1% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 485M 38M 422M 9% /boot I didn't have any files on /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_home. Will simply running mke2fs fix it to be mountable? What sort of options should I run it with. I've never resized volumes before or used mke2fs. I don't want to make this mess worse.

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• create vmware virtual machine via command line on linux system

  - by tom smith

  evaluating/investigating vmware, and how you create a "virtual machine" using the command line for rhel/centos. basically, i want to be able to create a test virtual machine and then be able to run the VM on another system using the virtual player. so, i'm looking for pointers/articles/instructions that detail what i need (in terms of tools/apps) and the steps needed to accomplish this. i've seen a few articles/sites that discuss creating virtual machines, but they all involve using the GUI. thanks update:: while vmware is the company. there are different tools/apps provided to create a Virtual Machine. Basically, I want to do a test, to ultimately have a Virtual Machine/Image that can be run on a separate server using the vmplayer app I've seen docs that discuss using the GUI to create the VM, but haven't found any (yet) that discuss how to accomplish this using the command line approach. thanks...

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• How to troubleshoot if a zip file is valid or if it is big file size to be unzipped ?

  - by mireille raad

  Hello , I am trying to unzip a file with the size of 2GB I am getting the following error : unzip CLTE_C_08.zip Archive: CLTE_C_08.zip End-of-central-directory signature not found. Either this file is not a zipfile, or it constitutes one disk of a multi-part archive. In the latter case the central directory and zipfile comment will be found on the last disk(s) of this archive. unzip: cannot find zipfile directory in one of CLTE_C_08.zip or CLTE_C_08.zip.zip, and cannot find CLTE_C_08.zip.ZIP, period. After some googling, some people say that this error is because the file is too big, others say because file is corrupt, others say that it could be a not unix archive. So my question , how to find out if file is valid archive file on my Centos and what is the command/trick to uncompress big files ( if any ) Thanks in advance :)

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• any security tips for my first server? (complete beginner)

  - by Haroldo

  I'm paying for a VPS and hoping to launch my first website on it in the next few days. I'm worried there might be some glaringly obvious security holes in the standard setup, so I'm keen to get some tips About the only thing i know is turn off error reporting in PHP and create users/privilages for MySQL... any more stuff along those lines? I'm using: cpanel and WHM centos 5 php mysql google apps as mail server (so maybe i should disable built in mailer server somehow?!!) This is my first post of Server Fault (i use stack overflow alot), I hope i'm posting this in the right place, with the right tags - please feel free to edit if i'm wrong. Thanks guys!

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• Converting DOCX files to PDF via SSH without losing formatting

  - by Reado

  I'm struggling to find a solution that will allow me to convert a DOCX file to a PDF without losing or malforming the formatting of the document on CentOS 5.7. I have tried CUPS-PDF but it doesn't work; spool files appear in the /var/spool folder but nothing happens after that. OpenOffice and LibreOffice converted a DOCX to PDF but the formatting was all wrong. However if I print the DOCX to a Windows PDF printer from my Windows 7 workstation, it outputs to PDF absolutely fine. So why can't Linux do the same? I tried to print via CUPS to the Windows PDF printer (shared) but the document appears in the queue as "Remote Downlevel Document" and doesn't print. This only happens when I print from Linux.

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• How can I check the location of perl and CPAN files?

  - by Rob

  I constantly have to set up new servers for an employer of mine for an exact purpose of his, and as such they all have to be set up in exactly the same way. So I've created a script in PHP that I run from my own box to automatically send over all the relevant files, compile everything, run updates, and everything else. However, for some reason these brand new servers come with perl, which is fine, but they have perl installed in different locations. This makes it a pain for me to copy over Config.pm for CPAN without going in and finding the location manually. Is there perhaps some command I'm unaware of that will hunt down the precise location? If it helps, usually the servers are CentOS 5

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• Using terminal vs KDE in linux?

  - by Ke

  Im used to using nautilus within centos but have recently just got a VPS and quickly realising that using a KDE is unacceptable in this environment. Although I do find it so much quicker doing things like folder permissions in KDE rather than typing it all out in the terminal? Everyone I speak to says, use the terminal and I should learn this way as opposed to using the KDE, but theres certain things I just dont get How is it possible to make quick changes to scripts and viewing them in a browser etc , without a mouse or using KDE? and only using a terminal?? I am wondering how to develop websites just using the terminal??? How can it be quicker to type out/view permissions etc in the terminal when its instant and just a few clicks in the KDE? Any thoughts are much appreciated. I would love to understand the benefits but just cant seem to see them right now. Cheers Ke.

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• script to automatically test if a web site is available

  - by Xoundboy

  I'm a lone web developer with my own Centos VPS hosting a few small web sites for my clients. Today I discovered my httpd service had stopped (for no apparent reason - but that's another thread). I restarted it but now I need to find a way that I can be notified by email and/or SMS if it happens again - I don't like it when my client rings me to tell me their web site doesn't work! I know there are probably many different possibilities, including server monitoring software. I think all I really need is a script that I can run as a cron job from my dev host (which is permanently running in my office) that attempts to load a page from my production server and if it doesn't load within say 30 seconds then it sends me an email or SMS. I'm pretty rubbish at shell scripting, hence this question. Any suggestions would be gratefully appreciated, thanks to all you clever sysadmin guys and girls out there :)

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• Installed Percona mySQL on CPanel but getting an error

  - by user1227914

  I installed Percona mySQL on my fresh CPanel server (no databases yet) according to: http://www.ecommy.com/linux/install-...el-environment Everything seemed to be OK and the server also starts fine, except some commands return this error: root@server [/var/lib/mysql]# mysql -A -sN information_schema -e "select * from user_statistics;" mysql: unknown variable 'innodb_file_per_table=1' root@server [/var/lib/mysql]# mysql -A mysql: unknown variable 'innodb_file_per_table=1' In my /etc/my.cnf I have: [mysql] innodb_file_per_table=1 userstat_running=1 I am planning on using InnoDB for the databases. Anyone know what the problem is? Or even better, how to fix it? I have installed Percona 5.5 with yum on CentOS.

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• how to start with unmanaged vps?

  - by GaVrA

  Hello! I have a managed VPS, so whatever i need i can just ask my support, and they will do it for me. Now i plan to migrate to unmanaged VPS, so i need some guides, tips on how and where to start learning. I will have more specific questions once i start using it, but now i just need some general answers about this topic. Thanks. Update: Ok, i have decided to go for unmanaged VPS with cPanel. OS is CentOS-5. I contacted support only for some small(i think) things like creating new account in whm, some database importing, installing new software(rare)... What i will be using is apache, php, mysql. I think i will be able to cope with upgrading to new versions, so the thing that interests me the most is security i guess.

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• SSH Access Denied despite correct credentials being used

  - by columbo

  Hello, I have a remote CentOS server to which I had SSH access to. Today when I try to log in via SSH I just get Access Denied even though I am using the correct credentials. I have plesk 9 access and so have reset the admin password and tried to SSH using that password but to no avail. I even created a new user with SSH access rights and tried to log in as them but again failed with the same access denied. I have rebooted. Can anyone offer any advice? There is no file manager in plesk other than for the web domains so I can't get at any system files to see what is going on. Any advice appreciated.

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• Resolving host names to their domain name in an internal BIND domain

  - by Adam Plumb

  I'm setting up a domain on my home network for learning purposes, using BIND on CentOS to act as the name server. I've got the name server up and running as type master for my internal domain (plumbnicoll.family), and can do forward and reverse lookups from other computers in my LAN. For example, host office2.plumbnicoll.family correctly returns office2.plumbnicoll.family has address 192.168.1.3. What I'd like is to be able to resolve just office2 to its address, without needing to put .plumbnicoll.family at the end. Is this possible, or even desirable to do? I'm running a mixed environment at home with both Linux and Windows computers.

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• How to config PHP libxml path after updated libxml from 2.2.26 to 2.9

  - by Cauliturtle

  our servers need to update the libxml2 version from 2.2.26 to 2.9 (latest version). It is no problem that we have been installed the libxml2-2.9 version on our servers. but the problem is how can we config the libs path of libxml2 path in php? Since it still show the old version on phpinfo(). What we have do is 1. Install libxml2 2.7.X on CentOS 5.X Using yum to install local files, and typed yum info libxml2, it shows 2.9 was installed. Thanks!

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• Appropriate Network switch for small server cluster

  - by Chris Dutrow

  Need to build a small business server cluster for the purpose of crunching data. It will not host a web site that needs to be available 24/7. It does need to support servers that host Redis, a Cassandra database cluster, and a Python web server. Operating system will most likely be Centos 6.4 Other servers in the cluster should be able to communicate very fast with each other, especially the Redis server. This will probably require the use of internal IP addresses. We will need to use multi-data center replication to synchronize the Cassandra cluster with the one that we currently have hosted on the cloud Was looking into network switches and we are unsure of the appropriate specifications that we should be looking for. Does the switch need to be "managed" or can it be "unmanged"? Does the switch need to support IPv6 or just IPv4? Do we need an enterprise level Cisco switch, or can we go with something like a $200 DLink managed (or unmanaged) small business switch? Thanks so much!

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• Configuring Linux Network

  - by Reiler

  Hi I'm working on some software, that runs on a Centos 5.xx installation. I'ts not allowed for our customers to log in to Linux, everything is done from Windows applications, developed by us. So we have build a frontend for the user to configure network setup: Static/DHCP, ip-address, gateway, DNS, Hostname. Right now I let the user enter the information in the Windows app, and then write it on the Linux server like this: Write to /etc/resolv.conf: Nameserver Write to /etc/sysconfig/network: Gateway and Hostname Write to /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0: Ipaddress, Netmask, Bootproto(DHCP or Static) I also (after some time) found out that I was unable to send mail, unless I wrote in /etc/hosts: 127.0.0.1 Hostname All this seems to work, but is there a better/easier way to do this? Also, I read the network configuration nearly the same way, but if I use DHCP, I miss som information, for instance the Ip-address. I know that I can get some information from the commandline (ifconfig), but I dont get for instance Hostname, Gateway and DNS. Is there a commandline tool that will display this?

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• First request too slow even if I have a load balancer in the back

  - by adrian7

  I have an Apache 2 on Centos + bind with a wordpress website on it (e.g example.com). I have also set up, on another server in a different contry a load balancer (varnish:80 + nginx 127.0.0.1:8080) for it - which task is to server all static content under /wp-content/. Using Simple DNS editor I added an A entry to cdn.example.com pointing to the server's IP. So no extra work from a 2nd dns server. Then using htaccess I redirect all requests to jpg|gif|css|js files to cdn.example.com. That works and all files are saved on the "cdn" server and served right away. My problem is that for the first time I enter on example.com (e.g after restarting the computer or closing the browser) the load time is 1 up to 3 seconds, while any subsequent page loads take only 300 to 600 miliseconds. I know it might be a DNS issue, but I have done a cache check on several websites and cdn.example.com indicates the right IP. Do you have any ideas where I should dig to solve this first-time slowness?

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• vi visual mode doesn't work

  - by BobMarley

  I'm running vim (7.0.237) after sshing to a remote CentOS box, and it just won't enter visual mode. When I press 'v', it just beeps and does nothing. I'm running Ubuntu with GNOME Terminal, and the local copy of vi works fine, so I don't see how this could be a problem with the terminal. I have the same .vimrc file on the local and remote machines, and the only settings are: set nocompatible; set tabstop=4. I'm at a total loss here, any ideas?

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• Updating autoreconf

  - by AzaraT

  So I need to use the autoreconf to configure a package. However I need at least version 2.61. I'm on CentOS 5.8 and it seems like there's no package for it so I went on to compile it myself. So I get the source of autoconf from http://www.gnu.org/software/autoconf/ and compiled that. And sure when I do autoconf -V it shows up as version 2.68 which is indeed the latest version. However autoreconf (nothing the re) still shows up as the old version 2.59 which causes me some problems. So could someone help a relatively new linux user, updating autoreconf properly? Thanks

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• Caching DNS server (bind9.2) CPU usage is so so so high

  - by Gk.

  I have a caching-only dns server which get ~3k queries per second. Here is specs: Xeon dual-core 2,8GHz 4GB of RAM Centos 5x (kernel 2.6.18-164.15.1.el5PAE) bind 9.4.2 rndc status: recursive clients: 666/4900/5000 About 300 new queries (not in cache) per second. Bind always uses 100% on one core on single-thread config. After I recompiled it to multi-thread, it uses nearly 200% on two core :( No iowait, only sys and user. I searched around but didn't see any info about how bind use CPU. Why does it become bottleneck? One more thing, here is RAM usage: cat /proc/meminfo MemTotal: 4147876 kB MemFree: 1863972 kB Buffers: 143632 kB Cached: 372792 kB SwapCached: 0 kB Active: 1916804 kB Inactive: 276056 kB I've set max-cache-size to 0 to make sure bind can use as much RAM as it want, but it always stop at ~2GB. Since every second we got not cached queries so theoretically RAM must be exhausted but it wasn't. Do you have any idea? TIA, -Gk

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• Force '^C' to be printed when editing current prompt, then aborting it

  - by Stefan Lasiewski

  This is the opposite of Prevent “^C” from being printed when aborting editing current prompt. I'm using Bash. When I'm editing the commandline in Bash, and I hit Control-C to abort the commandline, the '^C' character does not display. I would like to see this character. I tried commands like stty -ctlecho and stty ctlecho (which I borrowed from the other question), but this didn't work for me. This behavior seems to be true with my environment on Ubuntu, CentOS and MacOSX.

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