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• grep --exclude/--include syntax (do not grep through certain files)

  - by Piskvor

  I'm looking for the string "foo=" (without quotes) in text files in a directory tree. It's on a common Linux machine, I have bash shell: grep -ircl "foo=" * In the directories are also many binary files which match "foo=". As these results are not relevant and slow down the search, I want grep to skip searching these files (mostly JPEG and PNG images): how would I do that? I know there are the --exclude=PATTERN and --include=PATTERN options, but what is the pattern format? manpage of grep says: --include=PATTERN Recurse in directories only searching file matching PATTERN. --exclude=PATTERN Recurse in directories skip file matching PATTERN. Searching on grep include, grep include exclude, grep exclude and variants did not find anything relevant If there's a better way of grepping only in certain files, I'm all for it; moving the offending files is not an option, I can't search only certain directories (the directory structure is a big mess, with everything everywhere). Also, I can't install anything, so I have to do with common tools (like grep or the suggested find). UPDATES: @Adam Rosenfield's answer is just what I was looking for: grep -ircl --exclude=*.{png,jpg} "foo=" * @rmeador's answer is also a good solution: grep -Ir --exclude="*\.svn*" "pattern" * It searches recursively, ignores binary files, and doesn't look inside Subversion hidden folders.(...)

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• curl POST to RESTful services

  - by Sashikiran Challa

  Hello All, There are a lot of questions on Stackoverflow about curl but I could not figure out what is that I am doing what I am not supposed to. I am trying to call a RESTful service that I had written using Jersey API and am trying to POST an xml string to it and I get HTTP 415 error which is supposed to be a Media Type error. Here in my shell script call to 1st service: abc=curl http://gf...:8080/InChItoD/inchi/3dstructure?InChIstring=$inchi echo $abc (this works fine the output that it returns is given below.) Posting this xml string to second service def= curl -d $abc -H "Content-Type:text/xml" http://gf...:8080/XML2G/xml3d/gssinput I get the following error: ... ... HTTP Status 415 Status report message description.The server refused this request because the request entity is in a format not supported by the requested resource for the requested method ().Apache Tomcat/6.0.26 This is a sample of xml string I am trying to POST <?xml version="1.0"?><molecule xmlns="http://www.xml-cml.org/schema"> <atomArray> <atom id="a1" elementType="N" formalCharge="1" x3="0.997963" y3="-0.002882" z3="-0.004222"/> <atom id="a2" elementType="H" x3="2.024650" y3="-0.002674" z3="0.004172"/> <atom id="a3" elementType="H" x3="0.655444" y3="0.964985" z3="0.004172"/> <atom id="a4" elementType="H" x3="0.649003" y3="-0.496650" z3="0.825505"/> <atom id="a5" elementType="H" x3="0.662767" y3="-0.477173" z3="-0.850949"/> </atomArray> <bondArray> <bond atomRefs2="a1 a2" order="1"/> <bond atomRefs2="a1 a3" order="1"/> <bond atomRefs2="a1 a4" order="1"/> <bond atomRefs2="a1 a5" order="1"/> </bondArray></molecule> Thanks in advance

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• sed/awk or other: one-liner to increment a number by 1 keeping spacing characters

  - by WizardOfOdds

  EDIT: I don't know in advance at which "column" my digits are going to be and I'd like to have a one-liner. Apparently sed doesn't do arithmetic, so maybe a one-liner solution based on awk? I've got a string: (notice the spacing) eh oh 37 and I want it to become: eh oh 36 (so I want to keep the spacing) Using awk I don't find how to do it, so far I have: echo "eh oh 37" | awk '$3>=0&&$3<=99 {$3--} {print}' But this gives: eh oh 36 (the spacing characters where lost, because the field separator is ' ') Is there a way to ask awk something like "print the output using the exact same field separators as the input had"? Then I tried yet something else, using awk's sub(..,..) method: ' sub(/[0-9][0-9]/, ...) {print}' but no cigar yet: I don't know how to reference the regexp and do arithmetic on it in the second argument (which I left with '...' for now). Then I tried with sed, but got stuck after this: echo "eh oh 37" | sed -e 's/\([0-9][0-9]\)/.../' Can I do arithmetic from sed using a reference to the matching digits and have the output not modify the number of spacing characters? Note that it's related to my question concerning Emacs and how to apply this to some (big) Emacs region (using a replace region with Emacs's shell-command-on-region) but it's not an identical question: this one is specifically about how to "keep spaces" when working with awk/sed/etc.

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• Data in linux FIFO seems lost

  - by Utoah

  Hi, I have a bash script which wants to do some work in parallel, I did this by putting each job in an subshell which is run in the background. While the number of job running simultaneously should under some limit, I achieve this by first put some lines in a FIFO, then just before forking the subshell, the parent script is required to read a line from this FIFO. Only after it gets a line can it fork the subshell. Up to now, everything works fine. But when I tried to read a line from the FIFO in the subshell, it seems that only one subshell can get a line, even if there are apparently more lines in the FIFO. So I wonder why cannot other subshell(s) read a line even when there are more lines in the FIFO. My testing code looks something like this: #!/bin/sh fifo_path="/tmp/fy_u_test2.fifo" mkfifo $fifo_path #open fifo for r/w at fd 6 exec 6 $fifo_path process_num=5 #put $process_num lines in the FIFO for ((i=0; i<${process_num}; i++)); do echo "$i" done &6 delay_some(){ local index="$1" echo "This is what u can see. $index \n" sleep 20; } #In each iteration, try to read 2 lines from FIFO, one from this shell, #the other from the subshell for i in 1 2 do date /tmp/fy_date #If a line can be read from FIFO, run a subshell in bk, otherwise, block. read -u6 echo " $$ Read --- $REPLY --- from 6 \n" /tmp/fy_date { delay_some $i #Try to read a line from FIFO read -u6 echo " $$ This is in child # $i, read --- $REPLY --- from 6 \n" /tmp/fy_date } & done And the output file /tmp/fy_date has content of: Mon Apr 26 16:02:18 CST 2010 32561 Read --- 0 --- from 6 \n Mon Apr 26 16:02:18 CST 2010 32561 Read --- 1 --- from 6 \n 32561 This is in child # 1, read --- 2 --- from 6 \n

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• I trying to backreference using the sed command

  - by Paul

  I am relative new to shell scripting and sed. I need to substitute a pattern, globably, but I also need to remember (or save) part of the pattern and use it later in the same substitute command. The saved pattern will be varible, so I need to use a wild card. For example, input message=trt:GetAudioSourcesRequest/> and I want to end up with something like input message=trt:GetAudioSourcesRequest PAUL/GetAudioSourcesRequest/> but the function string "GetAudioSourcesRequest" will change (in length also) throughtout the file, so I need a wild card, e.g. sed -i "s/input message=trt:<wild card in here>/>/input message=trt:<print wild card> PAUL/<print wild card>/> I have managed to get the following command to nearly do what I want but it is too rigid. It only stores a 4 syllable pattern so if I have a function name such as GetProfileRequest, this doesn't work echo "input message=\"trt:GetAudioSourcesRequest\"/>" | sed 's/input message=\"trt:\([A-Z][a-z]*\)\([A-Z][a-z]*\)\([A-Z][a-z]*\)\([A-Z][a-z]*\).*/input message=\"trt:\1\2\3\4\ PAUL\/\1\2\3\4"\/\>/g' This outputs input message="trt:GetAudioSourcesRequest PAUL/GetAudioSourcesRequest"/> Which is ok but when I use GetProfileRequest this doesn't. I have come accross \W and [^[:alnum:]] or [[:alnum:]] but I don't how to use them Thanks in advance.

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• use awk to identify multi-line record and filtering

  - by nanshi

  I need to process a big data file that contains multi-line records, example input: 1 Name Dan 1 Title Professor 1 Address aaa street 1 City xxx city 1 State yyy 1 Phone 123-456-7890 2 Name Luke 2 Title Professor 2 Address bbb street 2 City xxx city 3 Name Tom 3 Title Associate Professor 3 Like Golf 4 Name 4 Title Trainer 4 Likes Running Note that the first integer field is unique and really identifies a whole record. So in the above input I really have 4 records although I dont know how many lines of attributes each records may have. I need to: - identify valid record (must have "Name" and "Title" field) - output the available attributes for each valid record, say "Name", "Title", "Address" are needed fields. Example output: 1 Name Dan 1 Title Professor 1 Address aaa street 2 Name Luke 2 Title Professor 2 Address bbb street 3 Name Tom 3 Title Associate Professor So in the output file, record 4 is removed since it doen't have the "Name" field. Record 3 doesn't have Address field but still being print to the output since it is a valid record that has "Name" and "Title". Can I do this with awk? But how do i identify a whole record using the first "id" field on each line? Thanks a lot to the unix shell script expert for helping me out! :)

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• How to replace pairs of strings in two files to identical IDs?

  - by Péter Török

  Sorry if the title is not very intelligible, I couldn't come up with anything better. Hopefully my explanation is clear enough: I have a pair of rather large log files with very similar content, except that some strings are different between the two. A couple of examples: UnifiedClassLoader3@19518cc | UnifiedClassLoader3@d0357a JBossRMIClassLoader@13c2d7f | JBossRMIClassLoader@191777e That is, wherever the first file contains UnifiedClassLoader3@19518cc, the second contains UnifiedClassLoader3@d0357a, and so on. [Update] There are about 40 distinct pairs of such identifiers.[/Update] I want to replace these with identical IDs so that I can spot the really important differences between the two files. I.e. I want to replace all occurrences of both UnifiedClassLoader3@19518cc in file1 and UnifiedClassLoader3@d0357a in file2 with UnifiedClassLoader3@1; all occurrences of both JBossRMIClassLoader@13c2d7f in file1 and JBossRMIClassLoader@191777e in file2 with JBossRMIClassLoader@2 etc. Using the Cygwin shell, so far I managed to list all different identifiers occurring in one of the files with grep -o -e 'ClassLoader[0-9]*@[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]*' file1.log | sort | uniq However, now the original order is lost, so I don't know which is the pair of which ID in the other file. With grep -n I can get the line number, so the sort would preserve the order of appearance, but then I can't weed out the duplicate occurrences. Unfortunately grep can not print only the first match of a pattern. I figured I could save the list of identifiers produced by the above command into a file, then iterate over the patterns in the file with grep -n | head -n 1, concatenate the results and sort them again. The result would be something like 2 ClassLoader3@19518cc 137 ClassLoader@13c2d7f 563 ClassLoader3@1267649 ... Then I could (either manually or with sed itself) massage this into a sed command like sed -e 's/ClassLoader3@19518cc/ClassLoader3@2/g' -e 's/ClassLoader@13c2d7f/ClassLoader@137/g' -e 's/ClassLoader3@1267649/ClassLoader3@563/g' file1.log > file1_processed.log and similarly for file2. However, before I start, I would like to verify that my plan is the simplest possible working solution to this. Is there any flaw in this approach? Is there a simpler way?

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• Run command with space characters in bash script

  - by ??iu

  I have a file that contains a list of files: 02 of Clubs.eps 02 of Diamonds.eps 02 of Hearts.eps 02 of Spades.eps ... I am attempting to mass-convert these to png format in several sizes. The script I am using to do this is: while read -r line do for i in 80 35 200 do convert $(sed 's/ /\\ /g' <<< Cards/${line}) -size ${i}x${i} ../img/card/$(basename $(tr ' ' '_' <<< ${line} | tr '[A-Z]' '[a-z]') .eps)_${i}.png; done done < card_list.txt However, this doesn't work, apparently trying to split on each word, resulting in the following error output: convert: unable to open image `Cards/02\': No such file or directory @ error/blob.c/OpenBlob/2514. convert: no decode delegate for this image format `Cards/02\' @ error/constitute.c/ReadImage/532. convert: unable to open image `of\': No such file or directory @ error/blob.c/OpenBlob/2514. convert: no decode delegate for this image format `of\' @ error/constitute.c/ReadImage/532. convert: unable to open image `Clubs.eps': No such file or directory @ error/blob.c/OpenBlob/2514. If I change the convert to an echo the result looks right and if I copy a line and run it myself in the shell it works fine: convert Cards/02\ of\ Clubs.eps -size 80x80 ../img/card/02_of_clubs_80.png convert Cards/02\ of\ Clubs.eps -size 35x35 ../img/card/02_of_clubs_35.png convert Cards/02\ of\ Clubs.eps -size 200x200 ../img/card/02_of_clubs_200.png convert Cards/02\ of\ Diamonds.eps -size 80x80 ../img/card/02_of_diamonds_80.png convert Cards/02\ of\ Diamonds.eps -size 35x35 ../img/card/02_of_diamonds_35.png convert Cards/02\ of\ Diamonds.eps -size 200x200 ../img/card/02_of_diamonds_200.png convert Cards/02\ of\ Hearts.eps -size 80x80 ../img/card/02_of_hearts_80.png convert Cards/02\ of\ Hearts.eps -size 35x35 ../img/card/02_of_hearts_35.png convert Cards/02\ of\ Hearts.eps -size 200x200 ../img/card/02_of_hearts_200.png convert Cards/02\ of\ Spades.eps -size 80x80 ../img/card/02_of_spades_80.png UPDATE: Just adding quotes (see below) has the same result as the above, where I had been using sed to add backslashes convert '"'Cards/${line}'"' -size ${i}x${i} ../img/card/$(basename $(tr ' ' '_' <<< ${line} | tr '[A-Z]' '[a-z]') .eps)_${i}.png; I've tried both double and single quotes

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• How to re-prompt after a trap return in bash?

  - by verbose

  I have a script that is supposed to trap SIGTERM and SIGTSTP. This is what I have in the main block: trap 'killHandling' TERM And in the function: killHandling () { echo received kill signal, ignoring return } ... and similar for SIGINT. The problem is one of user interface. The script prompts the user for some input, and if the SIGTERM or SIGINT occurs when the script is waiting for input, it's confusing. Here is the output in that case: Enter something: # SIGTERM received received kill signal, ignoring # shell waits at blank line for user input, user gets confused # user hits "return", which then gets read as blank input from the user # bad things happen because of the blank input I have definitely seen scripts which handle this more elegantly, like so: Enter something: # SIGTERM received received kill signal, ignoring Enter something: # re-prompts user for user input, user is not confused What is the mechanism used to accomplish the latter? Unfortunately I can't simply change my trap code to do the re-prompt as the script prompts the user for several things and what the prompt says is context-dependent. And there has to be a better way than writing context-dependent trap functions. I'd be very grateful for any pointers. Thanks!

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• Parallel processing from a command queue on Linux (bash, python, ruby... whatever)

  - by mlambie

  I have a list/queue of 200 commands that I need to run in a shell on a Linux server. I only want to have a maximum of 10 processes running (from the queue) at once. Some processes will take a few seconds to complete, other processes will take much longer. When a process finishes I want the next command to be "popped" from the queue and executed. Does anyone have code to solve this problem? Further elaboration: There's 200 pieces of work that need to be done, in a queue of some sort. I want to have at most 10 pieces of work going on at once. When a thread finishes a piece of work it should ask the queue for the next piece of work. If there's no more work in the queue, the thread should die. When all the threads have died it means all the work has been done. The actual problem I'm trying to solve is using imapsync to synchronize 200 mailboxes from an old mail server to a new mail server. Some users have large mailboxes and take a long time tto sync, others have very small mailboxes and sync quickly.

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• [RPM Building] How to take user input during install

  - by Sam

  So when I create a debian package, I am able to write a post-installation shell script that runs just fine. Currently mine is configured to do echo "Please enter your MySQL Database user (default root)" read MYSQL_USER echo "Please enter the MySQL Database user password (default root)" read -s MYSQL_PASS DBEXIST=0 CMD="create database lportal;use lportal;" (mysql -u$MYSQL_USER -p$MYSQL_PASS -e "$CMD") || ((DBEXIST++)) if [ $DBEXIST -ne 0 ]; then echo "Setup finished, but MySQL already has an lportal table. This could be from a previous installation of Liferay. If you want a fresh installation of this bundle, please remove the lportal table and reinstall this package." fi This works fine for Ubuntu. However, I can't seem to get user input to work with RPMs for Fedora. Is there a good way to take user input? From what I understand, RPMs were designed not to allow interactive installs. However I can't see a better way to do this.. Is there possibly a way to automatically find local MySQL settings without asking the user? Otherwise, what's the best way to ask for user input?

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• Basic formatting. sed, or cut, or what?

  - by dsclough

  Very new to this whole Unix thing. I'm currently using korn shell to try and format some lines of text. My input has a couple of lines that look something like this Date/Time :- Monday June 03 00:00:00 EDT 2013 Host Name :- HostNameHere PIDS :- NumbersNLetters Product Name :- ProductName The desired output would be as follows: Date/Time="Monday June 03 00:00:00 EDT 2013" HostName="HostNameHere" PIDS="NumbersNLetters" ProductName="ProductName" So, I need to get rid of any spaces in the leftmost column, and throw everything in the rightmost column between quotations. I've looked at the cut command, and got this far: Cut -f 1,2 -d - Which might produce a result like Date/Time:Monday June 03 00:00:00 EDT 2013, which is close to what I want, but not quite. I wasn't sure if cut could let me add parentheses, and it doesn't look like I can remove spaces that way either. sed seems like it might be closer to the answer, but I wasn't able to find through googling how I might just look for any pattern and not a specific one. I apologize for the incredibly basic question, but reading documentation only gets you so far before your brain starts to ache... If there are any better resources I should be looking at I would be happy to get pointed in the right direction. Thanks!

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• linux find the command invoked

  - by Subbu

  I am writing a C program which determines the number of bytes read from the standard input . I found out there are ways to give input to the program piped input redirection entering into command line while the program is waiting for input How to find the exact command by which the program was executed from the shell . I tried using command-line arguments but failed . #include <stdio.h> int main(int argc,char *argv[]) { char buffer[100]; int n; for(n=1;n<argc;n++) printf("argument: %s\t",argv[n]); printf("\n"); if(argc==1) printf("waiting for input :"); else if (argc==3) printf("Not waiting for input . Got the source from command itself ."); n = read(0,buffer,100); if(n==-1) printf("\nError occured in reading"); printf("\nReading successfully done\n"); return 0; } Also ,

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• How do I make Home and End work in PuTTY SSH with fish shell?

  - by endolith

  Years ago, an Ubuntu update broke this and I've never found a solution. I have fish as my default shell. Ubuntu 12.10 Locally (Gnome Terminal), Home and End keys work fine in both fish and bash. When I log in by SSH using PuTTY, then run bash, Home and End work fine inside of bash. However, when I log in by SSH using PuTTY, in the default fish shell, pressing Home key produces [1~ (sometimes erasing the line, sometimes not). When I press End, it produces [4~. How do I get Home and End to work correctly?

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• Introduction à CRaSH, un shell pour superviser une machine virtuelle Java, application à la visualisation d'un cache, par Damien Rieu

  Bonjour, Vous trouverez un article sur CRaSH à cette adresse : http://damienrieu.developpez.com/art...hcache_spring/ CRaSH permet de se connecter à une JVM en mode Shell puis d'exécuter des commandes directement sur cette JVM. Ainsi, nous allons accéder à un certain nombre de commandes prédéfinies (exemple la commande thread, jdbc, java?). Une des grandes forces de CRaSH est que l'on peut aussi définir ses propres commandes Shell par programmation (Syntaxe Java ou Groovy). Il est alors possible de réaliser des commandes spécifiques à nos besoins ! Dans cette article, nous allons présenter CRaSH grâce à un cas pratique. Pour cela, nous allons réaliser une comman...

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• Any tips on switching from bash to zsh if often using shell inside of emacs?

  - by justingordon

  Related to this question: Advantages and disadvantages between zsh and emacs' (e)shell, I've read some great things about zsh, when using M-x shell, my familiar emacs shell seemed like it would need some customizations. I also use evil-mode in shell mode, so that means I use vi keystrokes for shell editing. Took a little while to get accustomed to this, but I really like it. Any advice or tips on going from bash to zsh if one uses emacs? Or better off adding the file completion mentioned in this question: Worth switching to zsh for casual use?.

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• Index out of bounds error

  - by sprasad12

  Hello, I am working on a program where i am recreating the saved widgets back on to the boundary panel. When i am creating them i am also trying to put the values into the ArrayList so that if i want to update and save the opened project i should be able to do so by getting the values from the ArrayList. Here is how the code looks like: for(int i = 0; i < result.length; i++){ if(ename.contains(result[i].getParticipateEntityName())){ ername.add(ename.indexOf(result[i].getParticipateEntityName()), result[i].getParticipateRelatioshipName()); etotalpartial.add(ename.indexOf(result[i].getParticipateEntityName()), result[i].getTotalPartial()); }else if(wename.contains(result[i].getParticipateEntityName())){ wrname.add(wename.indexOf(result[i].getParticipateEntityName()), result[i].getParticipateRelatioshipName()); } } Here ename, ername, etotalpartial, wename and wrname are all ArrayList. This piece of code is included in an asynchronous class method. When i run the code i get error at "ername.add(ename......". Here is the error stack: java.lang.IndexOutOfBoundsException: Index: 1, Size: 0 at java.util.ArrayList.add(ArrayList.java:367) at com.e.r.d.client.ERD1$16.onSuccess(ERD1.java:898) at com.e.r.d.client.ERD1$16.onSuccess(ERD1.java:1) at com.google.gwt.user.client.rpc.impl.RequestCallbackAdapter.onResponseReceived(RequestCallbackAdapter.java:216) at com.google.gwt.http.client.Request.fireOnResponseReceived(Request.java:287) at com.google.gwt.http.client.RequestBuilder$1.onReadyStateChange(RequestBuilder.java:393) at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor16.invoke(Unknown Source) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) at com.google.gwt.dev.shell.MethodAdaptor.invoke(MethodAdaptor.java:103) at com.google.gwt.dev.shell.MethodDispatch.invoke(MethodDispatch.java:71) at com.google.gwt.dev.shell.OophmSessionHandler.invoke(OophmSessionHandler.java:157) at com.google.gwt.dev.shell.BrowserChannel.reactToMessagesWhileWaitingForReturn(BrowserChannel.java:1713) at com.google.gwt.dev.shell.BrowserChannelServer.invokeJavascript(BrowserChannelServer.java:165) at com.google.gwt.dev.shell.ModuleSpaceOOPHM.doInvoke(ModuleSpaceOOPHM.java:120) at com.google.gwt.dev.shell.ModuleSpace.invokeNative(ModuleSpace.java:507) at com.google.gwt.dev.shell.ModuleSpace.invokeNativeObject(ModuleSpace.java:264) at com.google.gwt.dev.shell.JavaScriptHost.invokeNativeObject(JavaScriptHost.java:91) at com.google.gwt.core.client.impl.Impl.apply(Impl.java) at com.google.gwt.core.client.impl.Impl.entry0(Impl.java:188) at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor9.invoke(Unknown Source) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) at com.google.gwt.dev.shell.MethodAdaptor.invoke(MethodAdaptor.java:103) at com.google.gwt.dev.shell.MethodDispatch.invoke(MethodDispatch.java:71) at com.google.gwt.dev.shell.OophmSessionHandler.invoke(OophmSessionHandler.java:157) at com.google.gwt.dev.shell.BrowserChannel.reactToMessages(BrowserChannel.java:1668) at com.google.gwt.dev.shell.BrowserChannelServer.processConnection(BrowserChannelServer.java:401) at com.google.gwt.dev.shell.BrowserChannelServer.run(BrowserChannelServer.java:222) at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:619) I am not sure what i am doing wrong. Any input will be of great help. Thank you.

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• What DBus signals do I send to players to imitate Gnome's multimedia shortcuts?

  - by culebrón

  I have Xubuntu 11.10, XFCE. I want to send DBus signals to the players so that they worked like in Gnome: you press 'play' key, it plays, 'next' - it forwards, and so on. For that, I need to bind to the multimedia keys a set of commands like this: dbus-send --dest=org.gnome.Rhythmbox ... Now, I searched and can't find it: what signals should I send? I need only 3 events: play, forward and rewind.

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• Moving windows on Windows like on Gnome (Alt+DnD)?

  - by Alois Mahdal

  Is there a hidden setting or an external utility that would enable moving windows on Windows like on GNOME? I'm particularly thinking of moving windows using Alt + Drag and drop (which can be changed to Win + drag and drop). I have machine with Windows (7) and two big monitors at work, and I tend to use multiple smaller windows. Moving them quickly around is essential, so I'm always missing this GNOME feature.

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• Can't log in via SSH to any accounts set to use /bin/bash as a default shell

  - by Gui Ambros

  I'm trying to install bash as the default shell on a ARM Linux running on an embedded device (Synology DS212+ NAS). But there's something really wrong, and I can't figure out what it is. Symptoms: 1) Root has /bin/bash as default shell, and can log in normally via SSH: $ grep root /etc/passwd root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash $ ssh root@NAS root@NAS's password: Last login: Sun Dec 16 14:06:56 2012 from desktop # 2) joeuser has /bin/bash as default shell, and receives "Permission denied" when trying to log in via SSH: $ grep joeuser /etc/passwd joeuser:x:1029:100:Joe User:/home/joeuser:/bin/bash $ ssh joeuser@localhost joeuser@NAS's password: Last login: Sun Dec 16 14:07:22 2012 from desktop Permission denied, please try again. Connection to localhost closed. 3) changing joeuser's shell back to /bin/sh: $ grep joeuser /etc/passwd joeuser:x:1029:100:Joe User:/home/joeuser:/bin/sh $ ssh joeuser@localhost Last login: Sun Dec 16 15:50:52 2012 from localhost $ To make things even more strange, I can log in as joeuser using /bin/bash using the serial console (!). Also a su - joeuser as root works fine, so the bash binary itself is working fine. In an act of despair, I changed joeuser's uid to 0 on /etc/passwd, but also didn't work, so it doesn't seem to be anything permission related. Seems that bash is doing some extra checking that sshd didn't like, and blocking the connections for non-root users. Maybe some sort of sanity checking - or terminal emulation - that is triggering the SIGCHLD, but only when called via ssh. I already went through every single item on sshd_config, and also put SSHD in debug mode, but didn't find anything strange. Here's my /etc/ssh/sshd_config: LogLevel DEBUG LoginGraceTime 2m PermitRootLogin yes RSAAuthentication yes PubkeyAuthentication yes AuthorizedKeysFile %h/.ssh/authorized_keys ChallengeResponseAuthentication no UsePAM yes AllowTcpForwarding no ChrootDirectory none Subsystem sftp internal-sftp -f DAEMON -u 000 And here's the output from /usr/syno/sbin/sshd -d, showing the failed attempt of joeuser trying to log in, with /bin/bash as the shell: debug1: Config token is loglevel debug1: Config token is logingracetime debug1: Config token is permitrootlogin debug1: Config token is rsaauthentication debug1: Config token is pubkeyauthentication debug1: Config token is authorizedkeysfile debug1: Config token is challengeresponseauthentication debug1: Config token is usepam debug1: Config token is allowtcpforwarding debug1: Config token is chrootdirectory debug1: Config token is subsystem debug1: HPN Buffer Size: 87380 debug1: sshd version OpenSSH_5.8p1-hpn13v11 debug1: read PEM private key done: type RSA debug1: private host key: #0 type 1 RSA debug1: read PEM private key done: type DSA debug1: private host key: #1 type 2 DSA debug1: read PEM private key done: type ECDSA debug1: private host key: #2 type 3 ECDSA debug1: rexec_argv[0]='/usr/syno/sbin/sshd' debug1: rexec_argv[1]='-d' Set /proc/self/oom_adj from 0 to -17 debug1: Bind to port 22 on ::. debug1: Server TCP RWIN socket size: 87380 debug1: HPN Buffer Size: 87380 Server listening on :: port 22. debug1: Bind to port 22 on 0.0.0.0. debug1: Server TCP RWIN socket size: 87380 debug1: HPN Buffer Size: 87380 Server listening on 0.0.0.0 port 22. debug1: Server will not fork when running in debugging mode. debug1: rexec start in 6 out 6 newsock 6 pipe -1 sock 9 debug1: inetd sockets after dupping: 4, 4 Connection from 127.0.0.1 port 52212 debug1: HPN Disabled: 0, HPN Buffer Size: 87380 debug1: Client protocol version 2.0; client software version OpenSSH_5.8p1-hpn13v11 SSH: Server;Ltype: Version;Remote: 127.0.0.1-52212;Protocol: 2.0;Client: OpenSSH_5.8p1-hpn13v11 debug1: match: OpenSSH_5.8p1-hpn13v11 pat OpenSSH* debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.8p1-hpn13v11 debug1: permanently_set_uid: 1024/100 debug1: MYFLAG IS 1 debug1: list_hostkey_types: ssh-rsa,ssh-dss,ecdsa-sha2-nistp256 debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug1: AUTH STATE IS 0 debug1: REQUESTED ENC.NAME is 'aes128-ctr' debug1: kex: client->server aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none SSH: Server;Ltype: Kex;Remote: 127.0.0.1-52212;Enc: aes128-ctr;MAC: hmac-md5;Comp: none debug1: REQUESTED ENC.NAME is 'aes128-ctr' debug1: kex: server->client aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_INIT debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: KEX done debug1: userauth-request for user joeuser service ssh-connection method none SSH: Server;Ltype: Authname;Remote: 127.0.0.1-52212;Name: joeuser debug1: attempt 0 failures 0 debug1: Config token is loglevel debug1: Config token is logingracetime debug1: Config token is permitrootlogin debug1: Config token is rsaauthentication debug1: Config token is pubkeyauthentication debug1: Config token is authorizedkeysfile debug1: Config token is challengeresponseauthentication debug1: Config token is usepam debug1: Config token is allowtcpforwarding debug1: Config token is chrootdirectory debug1: Config token is subsystem debug1: PAM: initializing for "joeuser" debug1: PAM: setting PAM_RHOST to "localhost" debug1: PAM: setting PAM_TTY to "ssh" debug1: userauth-request for user joeuser service ssh-connection method password debug1: attempt 1 failures 0 debug1: do_pam_account: called Accepted password for joeuser from 127.0.0.1 port 52212 ssh2 debug1: monitor_child_preauth: joeuser has been authenticated by privileged process debug1: PAM: establishing credentials User child is on pid 9129 debug1: Entering interactive session for SSH2. debug1: server_init_dispatch_20 debug1: server_input_channel_open: ctype session rchan 0 win 65536 max 16384 debug1: input_session_request debug1: channel 0: new [server-session] debug1: session_new: session 0 debug1: session_open: channel 0 debug1: session_open: session 0: link with channel 0 debug1: server_input_channel_open: confirm session debug1: server_input_global_request: rtype [email protected] want_reply 0 debug1: server_input_channel_req: channel 0 request pty-req reply 1 debug1: session_by_channel: session 0 channel 0 debug1: session_input_channel_req: session 0 req pty-req debug1: Allocating pty. debug1: session_new: session 0 debug1: session_pty_req: session 0 alloc /dev/pts/1 debug1: server_input_channel_req: channel 0 request shell reply 1 debug1: session_by_channel: session 0 channel 0 debug1: session_input_channel_req: session 0 req shell debug1: Setting controlling tty using TIOCSCTTY. debug1: Received SIGCHLD. debug1: session_by_pid: pid 9130 debug1: session_exit_message: session 0 channel 0 pid 9130 debug1: session_exit_message: release channel 0 debug1: session_by_tty: session 0 tty /dev/pts/1 debug1: session_pty_cleanup: session 0 release /dev/pts/1 Received disconnect from 127.0.0.1: 11: disconnected by user debug1: do_cleanup debug1: do_cleanup debug1: PAM: cleanup debug1: PAM: closing session debug1: PAM: deleting credentials Here you have the full output of sshd -dd, together with ssh -vv. Bash: # bash --version GNU bash, version 3.2.49(1)-release (arm-none-linux-gnueabi) Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. The bash binary was cross compiled from source. I also tried using a pre-compiled binary from the Optware distribution, but had the exact same problem. I checked for missing shared libraries using objdump -x, but they're all there. Any ideas what could be causing this "Permission denied, please try again."? I'm almost diving in the bash source code to investigate, but trying to avoid hours chasing something that may be silly.

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• Char error C langauge

  - by Nadeem tabbaa

  i have a project for a course, i did almost everything but i have this error i dont know who to solve it... the project about doing our own shell some of them we have to write our code, others we will use the fork method.. this is the code, #include <sys/wait.h> #include <dirent.h> #include <limits.h> #include <errno.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include<stdio.h> #include<fcntl.h> #include<unistd.h> #include<sys/stat.h> #include<sys/types.h> int main(int argc, char **argv) { pid_t pid; char str[21], *arg[10]; int x,status,number; system("clear"); while(1) { printf("Rshell>" ); fgets(str,21,stdin); x = 0; arg[x] = strtok(str, " \n\t"); while(arg[x]) arg[++x] = strtok(NULL, " \n\t"); if(NULL!=arg[0]) { if(strcasecmp(arg[0],"cat")==0) //done { int f=0,n; char l[1]; struct stat s; if(x!=2) { printf("Mismatch argument\n"); } /*if(access(arg[1],F_OK)) { printf("File Exist"); exit(1); } if(stat(arg[1],&s)<0) { printf("Stat ERROR"); exit(1); } if(S_ISREG(s.st_mode)<0) { printf("Not a Regular FILE"); exit(1); } if(geteuid()==s.st_uid) if(s.st_mode & S_IRUSR) f=1; else if(getegid()==s.st_gid) if(s.st_mode & S_IRGRP) f=1; else if(s.st_mode & S_IROTH) f=1; if(!f) { printf("Permission denied"); exit(1); }*/ f=open(arg[1],O_RDONLY); while((n=read(f,l,1))>0) write(1,l,n); } else if(strcasecmp(arg[0],"rm")==0) //done { if( unlink( arg[1] ) != 0 ) perror( "Error deleting file" ); else puts( "File successfully deleted" ); } else if(strcasecmp(arg[0],"rmdir")==0) //done { if( remove( arg[1] ) != 0 ) perror( "Error deleting Directory" ); else puts( "Directory successfully deleted" ); } else if(strcasecmp(arg[0],"ls")==0) //done { DIR *dir; struct dirent *dirent; char *where = NULL; //printf("x== %i\n",x); //printf("x== %s\n",arg[1]); //printf("x== %i\n",get_current_dir_name()); if (x == 1) where = get_current_dir_name(); else where = arg[1]; if (NULL == (dir = opendir(where))) { fprintf(stderr,"%d (%s) opendir %s failed\n", errno, strerror(errno), where); return 2; } while (NULL != (dirent = readdir(dir))) { printf("%s\n", dirent->d_name); } closedir(dir); } else if(strcasecmp(arg[0],"cp")==0) //not yet for Raed { FILE *from, *to; char ch; if(argc!=3) { printf("Usage: copy <source> <destination>\n"); exit(1); } /* open source file */ if((from = fopen(argv[1], "rb"))==NULL) { printf("Cannot open source file.\n"); exit(1); } /* open destination file */ if((to = fopen(argv[2], "wb"))==NULL) { printf("Cannot open destination file.\n"); exit(1); } /* copy the file */ while(!feof(from)) { ch = fgetc(from); if(ferror(from)) { printf("Error reading source file.\n"); exit(1); } if(!feof(from)) fputc(ch, to); if(ferror(to)) { printf("Error writing destination file.\n"); exit(1); } } if(fclose(from)==EOF) { printf("Error closing source file.\n"); exit(1); } if(fclose(to)==EOF) { printf("Error closing destination file.\n"); exit(1); } } else if(strcasecmp(arg[0],"mv")==0)//done { if( rename(arg[1],arg[2]) != 0 ) perror( "Error moving file" ); else puts( "File successfully moved" ); } else if(strcasecmp(arg[0],"hi")==0)//done { printf("hello\n"); } else if(strcasecmp(arg[0],"exit")==0) // done { return 0; } else if(strcasecmp(arg[0],"sleep")==0) // done { if(x==1) printf("plz enter the # seconds to sleep\n"); else sleep(atoi(arg[1])); } else if(strcmp(arg[0],"history")==0) // not done { FILE *infile; //char fname[40]; char line[100]; int lcount; ///* Read in the filename */ //printf("Enter the name of a ascii file: "); //fgets(History.txt, sizeof(fname), stdin); /* Open the file. If NULL is returned there was an error */ if((infile = fopen("History.txt", "r")) == NULL) { printf("Error Opening File.\n"); exit(1); } while( fgets(line, sizeof(line), infile) != NULL ) { /* Get each line from the infile */ lcount++; /* print the line number and data */ printf("Line %d: %s", lcount, line); } fclose(infile); /* Close the file */ writeHistory(arg); //write to txt file every new executed command //read from the file once the history command been called //if a command called not for the first time then just replace it to the end of the file } else if(strncmp(arg[0],"@",1)==0) // not done { //scripting files // read from the file command by command and executing them } else if(strcmp(arg[0],"type")==0) //not done { //if(x==1) //printf("plz enter the argument\n"); //else //type((arg[1])); } else { pid = fork( ); if (pid == 0) { execlp(arg[0], arg[0], arg[1], arg[2], NULL); printf ("EXEC Failed\n"); } else { wait(&status); if(strcmp(arg[0],"clear")!=0) { printf("status %04X\n",status); if(WIFEXITED(status)) printf("Normal termination, exit code %d\n", WEXITSTATUS(status)); else printf("Abnormal termination\n"); } } } } } } void writeHistory(char *arg[]) { FILE *file; file = fopen("History.txt","a+"); /* apend file (add text to a file or create a file if it does not exist.*/ int i =0; while(strcasecmp(arg[0],NULL)==0) { fprintf(file,"%s ",arg[i]); /*writes*/ } fprintf(file,"\n"); /*new line*/ fclose(file); /*done!*/ getchar(); /* pause and wait for key */ //return 0; } the thing is when i compile the code, this what it gives me /home/ugics/st255375/ICS431Labs/Project/Rshell.c: At top level: /home/ugics/st255375/ICS431Labs/Project/Rshell.c:264: warning: conflicting types for ‘writeHistory’ /home/ugics/st255375/ICS431Labs/Project/Rshell.c:217: note: previous implicit declaration of ‘writeHistory’ was here can any one help me??? thanks

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• dpkg unsatisfied dependencies, now apt-get wants to remove whole system

  - by Bruno Finger

  firstly, I'm sorry for my terminal output in portuguese, but I guess it is still understandable. I am using Ubuntu GNOME 14.04 and I tried to update the GNOME Online Accounts packages by downloading the following .deb files from packages.ubuntu.com for the Ubuntu 14.10 version: libgoa-backend-1.0-dev_3.12.4-1_amd64.deb libgoa-backend-1.0-1_3.12.4-1_amd64.deb libgoa-1.0-dev_3.12.4-1_amd64.deb libgoa-1.0-0b_3.12.4-1_amd64.deb gnome-online-accounts_3.12.4-1_amd64.deb gir1.2-goa-1.0_3.12.4-1_amd64.deb After downloading them in the same folder, I run the command sudo dpkg -i *.deb, but it didn't install the packages, instead it showed errors due to packages which them depend doesn't meet the required version (and Ubuntu have no way to install them since they are not in this version's repositories). So now every time I want to install anything through apt-get, Ubuntu tells me to run apt-get -f install to fix the errors. This is the list of packages it needs to install/uninstall/update: $ sudo apt-get -f install Lendo listas de pacotes... Pronto Construindo árvore de dependências Lendo informação de estado... Pronto Corrigindo dependências... Pronto Os seguintes pacotes foram instalados automaticamente e já não são necessários: # THESE PACKAGES HAVE BEEN PREVIOUSLY INSTALLED AND ARE NO LONGER NECESSARY account-plugin-windows-live gir1.2-gweather-3.0 libatk-bridge2.0-dev libatk1.0-dev libcairo-script-interpreter2 libcairo2-dev libexpat1-dev libfontconfig1-dev libfreetype6-dev libgdk-pixbuf2.0-dev libglib2.0-dev libgtk-3-dev libharfbuzz-dev libharfbuzz-gobject0 libice-dev libpango1.0-dev libpcre3-dev libpcrecpp0 libpixman-1-dev libpng12-dev libpthread-stubs0-dev librest-dev libsm-dev libsoup2.4-dev libwayland-dev libx11-dev libx11-doc libxau-dev libxcb-render0-dev libxcb-shm0-dev libxcb1-dev libxcomposite-dev libxcursor-dev libxdamage-dev libxdmcp-dev libxext-dev libxfixes-dev libxft-dev libxi-dev libxinerama-dev libxkbcommon-dev libxml2-dev libxrandr-dev libxrender-dev pkg-config signon-plugin-password x11proto-composite-dev x11proto-core-dev x11proto-damage-dev x11proto-fixes-dev x11proto-input-dev x11proto-kb-dev x11proto-randr-dev x11proto-render-dev x11proto-xext-dev x11proto-xinerama-dev xorg-sgml-doctools xtrans-dev zlib1g-dev Utilize 'apt-get autoremove' para os remover. Os pacotes extra a seguir serão instalados: # THE FOLLOWING PACKAGES WILL BE INSTALLED debhelper dh-apparmor libatk-bridge2.0-dev libatk1.0-dev libcairo-script-interpreter2 libcairo2-dev libept1.4.12 libexpat1-dev libfontconfig1-dev libfreetype6-dev libgdk-pixbuf2.0-dev libglib2.0-dev libgtk-3-dev libharfbuzz-dev libharfbuzz-gobject0 libice-dev libmail-sendmail-perl libpango1.0-dev libpcre3-dev libpcrecpp0 libpixman-1-dev libpng12-dev libpthread-stubs0-dev librest-dev libsm-dev libsoup2.4-dev libwayland-dev libx11-dev libx11-doc libxau-dev libxcb-render0-dev libxcb-shm0-dev libxcb1-dev libxcomposite-dev libxcursor-dev libxdamage-dev libxdmcp-dev libxext-dev libxfixes-dev libxft-dev libxi-dev libxinerama-dev libxkbcommon-dev libxml2-dev libxrandr-dev libxrender-dev pkg-config po-debconf x11proto-composite-dev x11proto-core-dev x11proto-damage-dev x11proto-fixes-dev x11proto-input-dev x11proto-kb-dev x11proto-randr-dev x11proto-render-dev x11proto-xext-dev x11proto-xinerama-dev xorg-sgml-doctools xtrans-dev zlib1g-dev Pacotes sugeridos: dh-make apparmor-easyprof libcairo2-doc libglib2.0-doc libgtk-3-doc libice-doc libpango1.0-doc imagemagick libsm-doc libsoup2.4-doc libxcb-doc libxext-doc libmail-box-perl Os pacotes a seguir serão REMOVIDOS: # THE FOLLOWING PACKAGES WILL BE REMOVED account-plugin-aim account-plugin-jabber account-plugin-salut account-plugin-yahoo empathy evolution evolution-data-server evolution-data-server-online-accounts evolution-indicator evolution-plugins gdm gir1.2-gdata-0.0 gir1.2-goa-1.0 gir1.2-zpj-0.0 gnome-contacts gnome-control-center gnome-documents gnome-online-accounts gnome-online-miners gnome-shell gnome-shell-extension-weather gnome-shell-extensions grilo-plugins-0.2 gvfs-backends-goa libevolution libfolks-eds25 libgdata13 libgoa-1.0-0b libgoa-1.0-dev libgoa-backend-1.0-1 libgoa-backend-1.0-dev libzapojit-0.0-0 mcp-account-manager-uoa nautilus-sendto-empathy ubuntu-gnome-desktop Os NOVOS pacotes a seguir serão instalados: # THE NEW FOLLOWING PACKAGES WILL BE INSTALLED debhelper dh-apparmor libatk-bridge2.0-dev libatk1.0-dev libcairo-script-interpreter2 libcairo2-dev libept1.4.12 libexpat1-dev libfontconfig1-dev libfreetype6-dev libgdk-pixbuf2.0-dev libglib2.0-dev libgtk-3-dev libharfbuzz-dev libharfbuzz-gobject0 libice-dev libmail-sendmail-perl libpango1.0-dev libpcre3-dev libpcrecpp0 libpixman-1-dev libpng12-dev libpthread-stubs0-dev librest-dev libsm-dev libsoup2.4-dev libwayland-dev libx11-dev libx11-doc libxau-dev libxcb-render0-dev libxcb-shm0-dev libxcb1-dev libxcomposite-dev libxcursor-dev libxdamage-dev libxdmcp-dev libxext-dev libxfixes-dev libxft-dev libxi-dev libxinerama-dev libxkbcommon-dev libxml2-dev libxrandr-dev libxrender-dev pkg-config po-debconf x11proto-composite-dev x11proto-core-dev x11proto-damage-dev x11proto-fixes-dev x11proto-input-dev x11proto-kb-dev x11proto-randr-dev x11proto-render-dev x11proto-xext-dev x11proto-xinerama-dev xorg-sgml-doctools xtrans-dev zlib1g-dev 0 pacotes atualizados, 61 pacotes novos instalados, 35 a serem removidos e 22 não atualizados. 7 pacotes não totalmente instalados ou removidos. É preciso baixar 12,0 MB de arquivos. Depois desta operação, 25,0 MB adicionais de espaço em disco serão usados. Você quer continuar? [S/n] Along packages needed to be removed are even gdm. This is 100% sure to make the system useless. What can I do to fix this issue? I don't care if I can't install the new version of goa anymore.

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• problems updating system with apt-get

  - by Javier

  After to do apt-get update and try with apt-get upgrade I have the next error message: This is a coppy of my terminal (in spanish) root@LinuxJGP:/home/javiergp# apt-get upgrade Leyendo lista de paquetes... Hecho Creando árbol de dependencias Leyendo la información de estado... Hecho Se actualizarán los siguientes paquetes: apport apport-symptoms fonts-liberation gnome-icon-theme gnome-orca language-pack-en language-pack-en-base language-pack-es language-pack-es-base language-pack-gnome-en language-pack-gnome-en-base language-pack-gnome-es language-pack-gnome-es-base light-themes linux-firmware oneconf resolvconf sessioninstaller software-center ssl-cert tzdata ubuntu-docs ubuntu-keyring ubuntu-sso-client ubuntuone-control-panel ubuntuone-installer unity-lens-video unity-scope-video-remote xdiagnose 29 actualizados, 0 se instalarán, 0 para eliminar y 0 no actualizados. E: Los archivos de índice de paquetes están dañados. No existe un campo «Filename:» para el paquete ubuntu-keyring. How can resolve this problem?

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• Setup suspend-on-lid-close/Fn+F4 outside of KDE/Gnome?

  - by maxschlepzig

  On current Ubuntu (10.04) suspend-on-lid/Fn+F4 only works if some powermanagement-applet of KDE/gnome is running. But what about suspend-to-lid if you are working on the console or using a non-bloated window-manager? What is the current mechanism to configure suspend-on-lid system wide? What of hald/udev/acpid/foo-kit/random-thing is the right place to hook this feature in? What is the up-to-date command to suspend from the command line/script? echo -n mem > /sys/power/state pm-suspend pmi or something else? Btw, if it matters, I want to configure it on some Thinkpads.

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• Linux Mint 12 sort en version finale : Gnome 3 avec extensions, MATE et DuckDuckGo comme nouveau moteur de recherche par défaut

  Linux Mint 12 sort en version finale Gnome 3 avec extensions ou MATE, DuckDuckGo est son nouveau moteur de recherche par défaut La distro. du moment Mint vient de sortir officiellement en version 12 « Lisa». L'annonce officielle vient confirmer la disponibilité de cette édition sur plusieurs sites miroirs depuis quelques jours. Mint sort en effet dès qu'elle est prête, et n'a pas de calendrier précis comme pour l'Ubuntu dont elle dérive. Avant toute considération technique, ce lancement est marqué par un partenariat stratégique. Le m...

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