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• Does uwsgi workers share a common memory ? [ With Nginx ]

  - by Yugal Jindle

  I have configured my Nginx with Django uwsgi. When the django server starts, it reads a 5MB file from the hard-disk. Now, Without Nginx with Django default server python manage.py runserver = Runs immediately and starts serving pages. Problem: With Nginx as the server It takes very long time and several HTTP 504 before it start serving pages. So, How does uwsgi workers work with Nginx ? I have: 4 Workers 512 Threads each So, is the 5MB file getting read 512 * 4 times ? Is there a possible work around for this in Nginx / Uwsgi ?

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• How does key-based caching work?

  - by Dominic Santos

  I recently read an article on the 37Signals blog and I'm left wondering how it is that they get the cache key. It's all well and good having a cache key that includes the object's timestamp (this means that when you update the object the cache will be invalidated); but how do you then use the cache key in a template without causing a DB hit for the very object that you are trying to fetch from the cache. Specifically, how does this affect One to Many relations where you are rendering a Post's Comments for example. Example in Django: {% for comment in post.comments.all %} {% cache comment.pk comment.modified %} <p>{{ post.body }}</p> {% endcache %} {% endfor %} Is caching in Rails different to just requests to memcached for example (I know that they convert your cache key to something different). Do they also cache the cache key?

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• Should I work on CSS or apps first?

  - by Fred

  I am working on my own website for my business, and I need to contract out some assistance. For example, I have the site looking pretty good on Firefox, but it needs help on other browsers. I also need some help with adding some Django apps to the site and setting up a database. I plan to seek the help of two different individuals via elance or odesk. My question is which to do first - get the css and html right then do the apps, or get the apps done and then work on the css and html? Thanks in advance for any suggestions.

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• How do I learn Python from zero to web development? [closed]

  - by Terence Ponce

  I am looking into learning Python for web development. Assuming I already have some basic web development experience with Java (JSP/Servlets), I'm already familiar with web design (HTML, CSS, JS), basic programming concepts and that I am completely new to Python, how do I go about learning Python in a structured manner that will eventually lead me to web development with Python and Django? I'm not in a hurry to make web applications in Python so I really want to learn it thoroughly so as not to leave any gaps in my knowledge of the technologies involving web development in Python. Are there any books, resource or techniques to help me in my endeavor? In what order should I do/read them? UPDATE: When I say learning in a structured manner, I mean starting out from the basics then learning the advanced stuff without leaving some of the important details/features that Python has to offer. I want to know how to apply the things that I already know in programming to Python.

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• TTS on App Engine

  - by yati sagade

  I have written a small front-end to the Festival TTS system using Python/Django. I wish to deploy it on the Google App Engine cloud. A few questions: My application uses the Festival app 'text2wave'. Will is work on the cloud? I have used Python primitives like subprocess.call() to invoke the aforementioned program. Will that work? If your answer to any or both of (1) and (2) is no, is there a free api on the web that I can use (from the appengine)? I read somewhere about placing calls from Phono to a Voxeo backend, but I'm not sure what that means. I am aware of the Google Translate extension that allows translation using an HTTP GET (REST) request, but here the text is limited to 100 chars. Bad. Plus, they may take it down any point of time.

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• 'module' object has no attribute 'PY2'

  - by ManikandanV

  I am using ubuntu 14.04, was trying to install python-memcache. I have got an error like Downloading/unpacking python-memcached Downloading python-memcached-1.53.tar.gz Cleaning up... Exception: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/basecommand.py", line 122, in main status = self.run(options, args) File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/commands/install.py", line 278, in run requirement_set.prepare_files(finder, force_root_egg_info=self.bundle, bundle=self.bundle) File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/req.py", line 1229, in prepare_files req_to_install.run_egg_info() File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/req.py", line 292, in run_egg_info logger.notify('Running setup.py (path:%s) egg_info for package %s' % (self.setup_py, self.name)) File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/req.py", line 284, in setup_py if six.PY2 and isinstance(setup_py, six.text_type): AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'PY2' Storing debug log for failure in /home/mani/.pip/pip.log I am getting the same error when installing Django-celery, pymongo etc

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• How do you handle domain logic that spans multiple model objects in an ORM?

  - by duality_

  So I know that business logic should be placed in the model. But using an ORM it is not as clear where I should place code that handles multiple objects. E.g. let's say we have a Customer model which has a type of either sporty or posh and we wanted to customer.add_bonus() to every posh customer. Where would we do this? Do we create a new class to handle all this? If yes, where do we put it (alongside all the other model classes, but not subclass it from the ORM?)? I'm currently using django framework in python, so specific suggestions are even more wanted.

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• What kind of authorization I should use for my facebook application

  - by JSmith

  I am building a social reader Facebook application using Django where I am using Google Data API (Blogger API). But I am unable to deal with the authorization step to use the API (currently using ClientLogin under development). I tried to read the OAuth documentation but couldn't figure out how to proceed. I don't want my users to provide any login credentials for google.. which makes the app completely absurd. So, can anyone help me on my project and tell me what kind of authorization I should actually use and how ? (I am using gdata lib)

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• Is backing up a MySQL database in GIT a good idea?

  - by wobbily_col

  I am trying to improve the backup situation for my application. I have a Django application and MySQL database. I read an article suggesting backing up the database in Git. On the one hand I like it, as it will keep a copy of the data and the code in synch. But GIT is a designed for code, not for data. As such it will be doing a lot of extra work diffing the mysql dump every commit, which is not really necessary. If I compress the file before storing it, will git diff the files? (The dump file is currently 100MB uncompressed, 5.7Mb when bzipped). Edit: the code and database schema definitions are already in GIT, it is really the data I am concerned about backing up now.

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• py.test import context problems (causes Django unit test failure)

  - by dhill

  I made a following test: # main.py import imported print imported.f.__module__ # imported.py def f(): pass # test_imported.py (py.test test case) import imported def test_imported(): result = imported.f.__module__ assert result == 'imported' Running python main.py, gives me imported, but running py.test gives me error and result value is moduletest.imported (moduletest is the name of the directory I keep the test in. It doesn't contain __init__.py, moduletest is the only directory containing *.py files in ~/tmp). How can I fix result value? The long story: I'm getting strange errors, while testing Django application. A call to reverse() from (django.urlresolvers). with function object foo as argument in tests crashes with NoReverseMatch: Reverse for 'site.app.views.foo'. The same call inside application works. I checked and it is converted to 'app.views.foo' (without site prefix). I first suspected my customised test setup for Django, but then I made above test.

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• Windows + Django + mod_wsgi = "DLL load failed"

  - by Kyle MacFarlane

  For a long time I was using Python 2.5 to do all this fine but recently upgraded to 2.7 since building stuff for 2.5 is a real pain. I also updated mod_wsgi to 3.3 for Python 2.7. Everything is working fine with Apache + mod_wsgi on CentOS and also in the Django runserver on both Windows and CentOS, but not with Apache + mod_wsgi on Windows. Whenever I try to access a page in my Django app I get the following (note that Apache starts fine): ImportError at / DLL load failed: The specified module could not be found. Which is caused by things like: from Crypto.Cipher import AES Etree and others cause the exact same error and it is not limited to any specific packages. Anything with pyd files fails. Googling around suggests reinstalling Python "for all users", but the installer doesn't give you that option anymore anyway. For good measure I've tried reinstalling Python 2.7 as an administrator and also told it to register itself as the default version of Python but neither helped. I think the solution might have something to do with: The fact that I have 2.5, 2.6 and 2.7 installed on this machine and mod_wsgi might be loading the DLLs for 2.5 instead of 2.7. Something to do with WSGIPythonPath, which I usually don't need to set.

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• Multi MVC processing vs Single MVC process

  - by lordg

  I've worked fairly extensively with the MVC framework cakephp, however I'm finding that I would rather have my pages driven by the multiple MVC than by just one MVC. My reason is primarily to maintain an a more DRY principle. In CakePHP MVC: you call a URL which calls a single MVC, which then calls the layout. What I want is: you call a URL, it processes a layout, which then calls multiple MVC's per component/block of html on the page. When you compare JavaScript components, AJAX, and server side HTML rendering, it seems the most consistent method for building pages is through blocks of components or HTML views. That way, the view block could be situated either on the server or the client. This is technically my ONLY disagreement with the MVC model. Outside of this, IMHO MVC rocks! My question is: What other RAD frameworks follow the same principles as MVC but are driven rather by the View side of MVC? I've looked at Django and Ruby on Rails, yet they seems to be more Controller driven. Lift/Scala appears to be somewhat of a good fit, but i'm interested to see what others exist.

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• Should I include HTML markup in my JSON response?

  - by Mike M. Lin

  In an e-commerce site, when adding an item to a cart, I'd like to show a popup window with the options you can choose. Imagine you're ordering an iPod Shuffle and now you have to choose the color and text to engrave. I'd like the window to be modal, so I'm using a lightbox populated by an Ajax call. Now I have two options: Option 1: Send only the data, and generate the HTML markup using JavaScript What's nice about this is that it trims down the Ajax request to the bear minimum and doesn't mix the data with the markup. What's not so great about this is that now I need to use JavaScript to do my rendering, instead of having a template engine on the server-side do it. I might be able to clean up the approach a bit by using a client-side templating solution. Option 2: Send the HTML markup What's good about this is that I can have the same server-side templating engine I'm using for the rest of my rendering tasks (Django), do the rendering of the lightbox. JavaScript is only used to insert the HTML fragment into the page. So it clearly leaves the rendering to the rendering engine. Makes sense to me. But I don't feel comfortable mixing data and markup in an Ajax call for some reason. I'm not sure what makes me feel uneasy about it. I mean, it's the same way every web page is served up -- data plus markup -- right?

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• Should one generally develop a client library for REST services to help prevent API breakages?

  - by BestPractices

  We have a project where UI code will be developed by the same team but in a different language (Python/Django) from the services layer (REST/Java). The code for each layer exits in different code repositories and which can follow different release cycles. I'm trying to come up with a process that will prevent/reduce breaking changes in the services layer from the perspective of the UI layer. I've thought to write integration tests at the UI layer level that we'll run whenever we build the UI or the services layer (we're using Jenkins as our CI tool to build the code which is in two Git repos) and if there are failures then something in the services layer broke and the commit is not accepted. Would it also be a good idea (is it a best practice?) to have the developer of the services layer create and maintain a client library for the REST service that exists in the UI layer that they will update whenever there is a breaking change in their Service API? Conceivably, we would then have the advantage of a statically-typed API that the UI code builds against. If the client library API changes, then the UI code won't compile (so we'll know sooner that there was a breaking change). I'd also still run the integration tests upon building the UI or services layer to further validate that the integration between UI and the service(s) still works.

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• Merge two different API calls into One

  - by dhilipsiva

  I have two different apps in my django project. One is "comment" and an other one is "files". A comment might save some file attached to it. The current way of creating a comment with attachments is by making two API calls. First one creates an actual comment and replies with the comment ID which serves as foreign key for the Files. Then for each file, a new request is made with the comment ID. Please note that file is a generic app, that can be used with other apps too. What is the cleanest way of making this into one API call? I want to have this as a single API call because I am in a situation where I need to send user an email with all the files as attachment when a comment is made. I know Queueing is the ideal way to do it. But I don't have the liberty to add queing to our stack now. So this was the only way I could think of.

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• Should I use mod_wsgi embedded mode if I have full control of Apache?

  - by mgibsonbr

  I'm managing a bunch of sites and applications in a shared hosting, using Django via mod_wsgi. I had planned to use daemon mode from the beginning (to avoid restart problems), but ended up purchasing a plan that allows me to run a dedicated Apache instance. I kept using daemon mode for convenience, but I'm afraid it's consuming more server resources than it should (I have different projects for each site, each with its own process and process group), so I'm considering switching to embedded mode. Would that be a sensible thing to do? I'd still be able to restart Apache anytime I need to, and I wouldn't need so many child processes and sockets (so I hope the resource usage would decrease). But I'm unsure whether or not doing so would make it more difficult to manage those sites (if I need to update one, I have to restart all) or maybe the applications won't be properly isolated from one another. Are these problems really significant (or only a minor nuisance), are there other drawbacks I coudn't foresee? I'm looking for advice in any aspect of this setup - mainainability, performance, security etc. Tips for improving the current setup are also welcome (I know how to correctly configure a basic mod_wsgi setup, but I'm clueless about sensible values for threads, processes etc).

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• 'Buy the app' landing page implementations: redirect or javascript popup?

  - by benwad

  My site (using Django) has an app that I'm trying to push - I currently have a piece of middleware that redirects the user to a page advertising the app if they're accessing the page on the iPhone, then setting a cookie so that the user isn't bugged by the message every time they visit the site. This works fine, however checking the page with the mobile Googlebot checker shows that the Googlebot gets stuck in the redirect (since it doesn't store cookies) and therefore won't index the proper content. So, I'm trying to think of an alternative implementation that won't hurt the site's Google ranking and won't have any other adverse effects. I've considered a couple of options: Redirect (the current solution), but don't redirect if the user agent matches the Googlebot's UA string. This would be ideal, however I'm not sure if Google like their bot being treated differently from other users, and I'm afraid the site's ranking may be somehow penalised if I go ahead with this. Use a Javascript popup instead of a redirect. This would make sure the Googlebot finds the content it needs, however I envision this approach causing compatibility issues with the myriad mobile devices/browsers out there, and may affect the page load time. How valid are these options? And is there a better option for implementing this feature out there? I've tried researching this topic but surprisingly can't find any reputable-looking blog posts that explore this topic.

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• Storing editable site content?

  - by hmp

  We have a Django-based website for which we wanted to make some of the content (text, and business logic such as pricing plans) easily editable in-house, and so we decided to store it outside the codebase. Usually the reason is one of the following: It's something that non-technical people want to edit. One example is copywriting for a website - the programmers prepare a template with text that defaults to "Lorem ipsum...", and the real content is inserted later to the database. It's something that we want to be able to change quickly, without the need to deploy new code (which we currently do twice a week). An example would be features currently available to the customers at different tiers of pricing. Instead of hardcoding these, we read them from database. The described solution is flexible but there are some reasons why I don't like it. Because the content has to be read from the database, there is a performance overhead. We mitigate that by using a caching scheme, but this also adds some complexity to the system. Developers who run the code locally see the system in a significantly different state compared to how it runs on production. Automated tests also exercise the system in a different state. Situations like testing new features on a staging server also get trickier - if the staging server doesn't have a recent copy of the database, it can be unexpectedly different from production. We could mitigate that by committing the new state to the repository occasionally (e.g. by adding data migrations), but it seems like a wrong approach. Is it? Any ideas how best to solve these problems? Is there a better approach for handling the content that I'm overlooking?

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• 'Buy the app' landing page implementations

  - by benwad

  My site (using Django) has an app that I'm trying to push - I currently have a piece of middleware that redirects the user to a page advertising the app if they're accessing the page on the iPhone, then setting a cookie so that the user isn't bugged by the message every time they visit the site. This works fine, however checking the page with the mobile Googlebot checker shows that the Googlebot gets stuck in the redirect (since it doesn't store cookies) and therefore won't index the proper content. So, I'm trying to think of an alternative implementation that won't hurt the site's Google ranking and won't have any other adverse effects. I've considered a couple of options: Redirect (the current solution), but don't redirect if the user agent matches the Googlebot's UA string. This would be ideal, however I'm not sure if Google like their bot being treated differently from other users, and I'm afraid the site's ranking may be somehow penalised if I go ahead with this. Use a Javascript popup instead of a redirect. This would make sure the Googlebot finds the content it needs, however I envision this approach causing compatibility issues with the myriad mobile devices/browsers out there, and may affect the page load time. How valid are these options? And is there a better option for implementing this feature out there? I've tried researching this topic but surprisingly can't find any reputable-looking blog posts that explore this topic. EDIT: I posted this on SF because it seemed unsuitable for SO, but if there's another site that would be better for this issue then I'd be happy to move the question elsewhere.

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• Open Source Web Frameworks : Security

  - by trappedIntoCode

  How secure are popular open source web frameworks? I am particularly interested in popular frameworks like Rails and DJango. If I am building a site which is going to do heavy e-commerce, is it Ok to use frameworks like DJango and Satchmo? Is security compromised because their open architecture ? I know being OS does not mean being down right open to hackers, Linux uses superb authentication mechanism, but web is a different game. What can be done in this regard? UPDATE: Thanks for answers guys. I understand that I will have to find a suitable hosting service for a secure e-commerce application and that additional layers of security will be needed. I understand that Django and Rails have been designed keeping security aspects in mind, the most common form attacks like XSS, Injections etc. (Django book has a ch on Security) I was expecting comments from security Gurus. If you are a security Guru, would you recommend an important site, which is likely going to be popular, to be built on DJango or Rails?

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• Haystack / Whoosh Index Generation Error

  - by Keith Fitzgerald

  I'm trying to setup haystack with whoosh backend. When i try to gen the index [or any index command for that matter] i receive: TypeError: Item in ``from list'' not a string if i completely remove my search_indexes.py i get the same error [so i'm guessing it can't find that file at all] what might cause this error? it's set to autodiscover and i'm sure my app is installed because i'm currently using it. Full traceback: Traceback (most recent call last): File "./manage.py", line 17, in <module> execute_manager(settings) File "/Users/ghostrocket/Development/Redux/.dependencies/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 362, in execute_manager utility.execute() File "/Users/ghostrocket/Development/Redux/.dependencies/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 303, in execute self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv) File "/Users/ghostrocket/Development/Redux/.dependencies/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 257, in fetch_command klass = load_command_class(app_name, subcommand) File "/Users/ghostrocket/Development/Redux/.dependencies/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 67, in load_command_class module = import_module('%s.management.commands.%s' % (app_name, name)) File "/Users/ghostrocket/Development/Redux/.dependencies/django/utils/importlib.py", line 35, in import_module __import__(name) File "/Users/ghostrocket/Development/Redux/.dependencies/haystack/__init__.py", line 124, in <module> handle_registrations() File "/Users/ghostrocket/Development/Redux/.dependencies/haystack/__init__.py", line 121, in handle_registrations search_sites_conf = __import__(settings.HAYSTACK_SITECONF) File "/Users/ghostrocket/Development/Redux/website/../website/search_sites.py", line 2, in <module> haystack.autodiscover() File "/Users/ghostrocket/Development/Redux/.dependencies/haystack/__init__.py", line 83, in autodiscover app_path = __import__(app, {}, {}, [app.split('.')[-1]]).__path__ TypeError: Item in ``from list'' not a string and here is my search_indexes.py from haystack import indexes from haystack import site from myproject.models import * site.register(myobject)

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• Serve static media on "nginx"

  - by MMRUSer

  My django application hosted on Apache, and now I want to serve its static media through nginx, I don't have any prior experience in nginx...plus currently the static media is serve through Apache.. expecting some helping hand. Apache 2.2 mod_wsgi nignx-0.7.65 Django 1.1.1 Thanks..

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• How do I change the Django default test database?

  - by BryanWheelock

  The production database is named: project_db The default test db is: test_project_db My production server provider requires the database name start with the account name. So I could go with: projects_db_test or some variant.

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• Django form linking 2 models by many to many field.

  - by Ed

  I have two models: class Actor(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=30, unique = True) event = models.ManyToManyField(Event, blank=True, null=True) class Event(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=30, unique = True) long_description = models.TextField(blank=True, null=True) I want to create a form that allows me to identify the link between the two models when I add a new entry. This works: class ActorForm(forms.ModelForm): class Meta: model = Actor The form includes both name and event, allowing me to create a new Actor and simultaneous link it to an existing Event. On the flipside, class EventForm(forms.ModelForm): class Meta: model = Event This form does not include an actor association. So I am only able to create a new Event. I can't simultaneously link it to an existing Actor. I tried to create an inline formset: EventFormSet = forms.models.inlineformset_factory(Event, Actor, can_delete = False, extra = 2, form = ActorForm) but I get an error <'class ctg.dtb.models.Actor'> has no ForeignKey to <'class ctg.dtb.models.Event'> This isn't too surprising. The inlineformset worked for another set of models I had, but this is a different example. I think I'm going about it entirely wrong. Overall question: How can I create a form that allows me to create a new Event and link it to an existing Actor?

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• is there a way to generate pdf containing non-ascii symbols with pisa from django template?

  - by mihailt

  Hi. i'm trying to generate a pdf from template using this snippet: def write_pdf(template_src, context_dict): template = get_template(template_src) context = Context(context_dict) html = template.render(context) result = StringIO.StringIO() pdf = pisa.pisaDocument(StringIO.StringIO(html.encode("UTF-8")), result) if not pdf.err: return http.HttpResponse(result.getvalue(), mimetype='application/pdf') except Exception('PDF error') but all non-latin symbols are not showing correctly, the template and view are saved using utf-8 encoding. i've tried saving view as ANSI and then to user unicode(html,"UTF-8"), but it throws TypeError. Also i thought that maybe it's because the default fonts somehow do not support utf-8 so according to pisa documentation i tried to set fontface in template body in style section. that still gave no results. Does any one have some ideas how to solve this issue?

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