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• Calibrating Displays in Boot Camp 3.0 on MacBook with external display

  - by Brian Reiter

  The LED display on my MacBook Pro is very blue-ish without correction. In OS X the advanced mode of the display color calibration tool is excellent and I can largely color-correct the display. Windows 7 incorporates a color calibration tool but it is less powerful. It largely consists of a software gamma correction tool and color charts to use with the hardware controls on your display (which don't exist on a notebook or an apple external display). How can I color-correct Windows in Boot Camp to match the OS X correction without using a Spyder or other special calibration hardware?

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• Gateway GT5220 Boot/POST Failure

  - by John Rudy

  I have a Gateway GT5220 I'm troubleshooting. It is, in fact, the machine I just gave my father for his birthday a couple months ago. (Prior to that, it was my home PC. My home PC is now the MacBook on which I'm writing this.) Before going any further, I suspect that the answer will be, "It's worse than that, it's dead, Jim, it's dead, Jim, it's dead, Jim." At least, mobo and/or CPU. The initial symptoms were as follows: Turn on power All fans fire up (thus making it so I can't hear if the hard drive is spinning or not, nor are my hands sensitive enough anymore to feel it) No LEDs remained lit on the front panel. (Initially, the hard drive indicator flashed briefly.) No beep, no video, no nothing. Following some advice I found here, I tried to "drain the stored power." After following those steps, the new symptoms were: Turn on power All fans fire up The front panel LEDs remained lit! After about 20, maybe 30 seconds, we had video! Sort of. We got to the Gateway splash/POST screen, which appeared thoroughly corrupted. How corrupted? Well, I imagine it's what a POST screen would look like after reading the wrong passage out of the Necronomicon: It stayed there. I gave it at least 5, maybe 6 minutes, and it didn't move. So I shut her down, started her up again, and now (this is where we currently stand, symptomatically) we have this: Turn on power All fans fire up The front panel LEDs remain lit No video, no beep, no nothing. I'm a software guy; haven't done real hardware troubleshooting in years. My gut tells me that the mobo and/or CPU is fried, and unfortunately my gut didn't get to be as big as it is being wrong all the time. :( In addition to the link above, I have read all of the following (trying to save you some LMGTFY trouble): Gateway Support POST Error Messages and Handling About a zillion (useless) POST beep code sites A kioskea.net post indicating that most likely we're at what I consider "total loss" (mobo and/or CPU) My questions: Are there any conditions other than mobo/CPU that could cause symptoms like these? Is it worth my time to try the next hardware troubleshooting step?(IE, remove all non-critical hardware from the machine, try to boot, systematically replace one by one until we find the failing component) Which mobos will fit in the Gateway GT5220 case (with rear ports correctly aligned)? (Why this is not a dupe: I wouldn't have posted this question if it hadn't been for the funkadelic possessed video display on the one occasion we got video out. I think that justified this not being an exact dupe. Of course, if the community overrules, I will understand.)

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• kernel software trap handling

  - by Tony

  I'm reading a book on Windows Internals and there's something I don't understand: "The kernel handles software interrupts either as part of hardware interrupt handling or synchronously when a thread invokes kernel functions related to the software interrupt." So does this mean that software interrupts or exceptions will only be handled under these conditions: a. When the kernel is executing a function from said thread related to the software exception(trap) b. when it is already handling a hardware trap Is my understanding of this correct? The next bit: "In most cases, the kernel installs front-end trap handling functions that perform general trap handling tasks before and after transferring control to other functions that field the trap." I don't quite understand what it means by 'front-end trap handling functions' and 'field the trap'? Can anyone help me?

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• Weirdness After Reinstall The Windows Operating System

  - by Eka Anggraini

  I want to ask, and ask advice from you guys. I have reinstall my OS and successful, I'm turn off the restart a few times is fine .. Later a few hours later, when I turn it on, a sudden there was an error : Windows could not start because the following file is missing or corrupt: \WINDOWS\SYSTEM32\CONFIG\SYSTEM You can attempt to repair this file by starting Windows Setup using the original Setup CD-ROM Select 'R' at the first screen to start repair. So I intend to repair, reinstall all again .. I enter cd windows : press any key .. with blue background text below: Setup is loading files (windows executive) Setup is loading files (hardware abstraction layer) Then I was waiting until half an hour, and no changes, I repeated the process several times is also nil. Please advice and solutions about the problem where? Hardware / cd Windows ?

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• Does vmWare ESXi 4.0 U1 support the Promise SuperTrak EX8650 SATA card?

  - by RTNN

  Hi, can anyone tell me if vmWare ESXi 4.0 U1 has support for the Promise SuperTrak EX8650 SATA card? In the hardware support guide I find that VmWare should have support for the Promise SuperTrak EX8650 SATA card but only in version ESX 3.5. Is this card not supported for ESXi 4.0 U1 or what? From the hardware guide! Partner Name Model Manufacturer Device Type Supported Releases Promise SuperTrak EX8650 Promise Technology Inc SAS-RAID ESX 3.5 U5*1 1 , ESX 3.5 U4*1 1 Promise SuperTrak EX8760T Promise Technology Inc SAS ESX / ESXi 4.0 U1*2 2 , ESX / ESXi 4.0*2 2

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• Limit Windows PC Network/Internet Throughput

  - by Jon Cram

  I have a Vista x64 machine on a fairly fast Internet connection and either buggy drivers for the onboard Ethernet or faulty onboard Ethernet hardware. If I sustain too high a throughput on the Ethernet connection the network connection within Windows fails and I have to restart the machine to restore connectivity. I don't believe I can fix this issue (I'm erring towards faulty hardware) but would like to mitigate the effects by limiting my network throughput. I'm in a position where I would like to download a 5GB file from the Internet (a game install via Steam) and am certain that as this will take a few hours I will not be able to complete the download before my network connection within Windows fails. From downloading content through a BitTorrent client I have found that by limiting the download throughput to around 150 kilobytes per second I can maintain a steady network connection. I can't directly limit the throughput of the download through the Steam client and would instead like to find out how I can limit the throughput of my Ethernet connection within Windows. Any suggestions on how I can achieve this?

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• Server freezes at XX:25

  - by Karevan

  We've ordered a 50 euro/month server on hetzner.de, it has debian OS. The problem is that server is freezing in random time of the day and nothing appears in log. Only hardware reboot helps. Part of the log file while it was freezing: Aug 17 22:38:26 Debian-60-squeeze-64-minimal pure-ftpd: ([email protected]) [INFO] New connection from 95.211.120.220 Aug 17 22:38:26 Debian-60-squeeze-64-minimal pure-ftpd: ([email protected]) [INFO] Logout. Aug 17 22:39:01 Debian-60-squeeze-64-minimal /USR/SBIN/CRON[22828]: (root) CMD ( [ -x /usr/lib/php5/maxlifetime ] && [ -d /var/lib/php5 ] && find /var/lib/php5/ -type$ Aug 17 23:09:01 Debian-60-squeeze-64-minimal /USR/SBIN/CRON[22835]: (root) CMD ( [ -x /usr/lib/php5/maxlifetime ] && [ -d /var/lib/php5 ] && find /var/lib/php5/ -type$ Aug 17 23:17:01 Debian-60-squeeze-64-minimal /USR/SBIN/CRON[22842]: (root) CMD ( cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.hourly) Aug 17 23:39:01 Debian-60-squeeze-64-minimal /USR/SBIN/CRON[22847]: (root) CMD ( [ -x /usr/lib/php5/maxlifetime ] && [ -d /var/lib/php5 ] && find /var/lib/php5/ -type$ Aug 18 09:47:47 Debian-60-squeeze-64-minimal kernel: imklog 4.6.4, log source = /proc/kmsg started. Aug 18 09:47:47 Debian-60-squeeze-64-minimal rsyslogd: [origin software="rsyslogd" swVersion="4.6.4" x-pid="1229" x-info="http://www.rsyslog.com"] (re)start Aug 18 09:47:47 Debian-60-squeeze-64-minimal kernel: [ 0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpuset Aug 18 09:47:47 Debian-60-squeeze-64-minimal kernel: [ 0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpu Aug 18 09:47:47 Debian-60-squeeze-64-minimal kernel: [ 0.000000] Linux version 2.6.32-5-amd64 (Debian 2.6.32-45) ([email protected]) (gcc version 4.3.5 (Debian 4.3.5$ Aug 18 09:47:47 Debian-60-squeeze-64-minimal kernel: [ 0.000000] Command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/vmlinuz-2.6.32-5-amd64 root=/dev/md2 ro As you can see, it appears only the fact of starting. No. theres no way to look in server's console right after when it freezes, sadly. Datacenter supporters do not really want to help about that. Server has been installed 30th july, times and dates of freezes are down there: 6 august, 0:25 18 august, 2:27 21 august, 1:25 26 august, 23:26. We decided that freezing around ??:25 isn't a hardware fault, and decided to reinstall the OS. Later, 31 august, our admin backed up all files, reinstalled Debian, and restored the backup. But then, 7 september, server went down again, at 5:05. We thought it was related to Anyone else experiencing high rates of Linux server crashes during a leap second day? and turned ntp off. But then the server went down twice again, 21 september, 17:29 and 24 september, 20:27. I called all linux admins I knew to help with solving it and they said everything is fine about configuring OS and it could be hardware only. But they dont know why it always freezes at XX:25-30. Maybe some of you know about something related to that?

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• How does RAM fail?

  - by ethanlee16

  I have an issue with a Dell Inspiron 15 (1545) laptop that refuses to open any applications (save select Microsoft programs, e.g. Security Essentials, Ctrl Panel, Windows Explorer (not Internet), regedit, Event Viewer, etc.). I've run Microsoft Memory Diagnostics Tool and it found a 'hardware problem was detected.' Does this indicate that the RAM has failed? I notice when I open programs like Word, Excel, Internet Explorer, etc., it always give me an error from WerFault.exe saying The instruction at xxxxxxx referenced memory at xxxxxxxxx. The memory could not be written. and sometimes something about illegal instructions. If it is a hardware problem, does this mean that replacing the RAM is my only option? Again, I would also like to know if RAM can fail (like hard drives) and if malware can cause RAM to fail also.

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• Set up router to vpn into proxy server

  - by NKimber

  I have a small network with a single LinkSys router connected to broadband in US via Comcast. I have a VPN proxy server account that I can use with a standard Windows connection, allowing me to have a geographic IP fingerprint in Europe, this is useful for a number of purposes. I want to setup a 2nd router that automatically connects via VPN to this proxy service, so any hardware that is connected to router 2 looks as though it is originating network requests in Europe, and any hardware connected to my main router has normal Comcast traffic (all requests are originating from USA). My 2nd router is a LinkSys WRT54G2, I'm having trouble getting this configured. Question, is what I'm trying to do even feasible? Should the WRT54G2 be able to do this with native functionality? Would flashing it with DD-WRT allow me to achieve my objectives? Any help/suggestions much appreciated. Neil

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• Looking for a fiber optic "switch" or "router" for home use

  - by Shrout1

  The gist of my question: What is a "fiber optic" switch called? I.E. a layer 2 ethernet switch that uses fiber TX and RX connections and sends layer 2 network traffic between the fiber strands that are connected. Can someone purchase a dedicated fiber switch that does not have copper ethernet ports? What is the current average price of a device like this? Not necessarily looking for product endorsements, just information Might not make sense to go this route if it is too cost prohibitive What type of fiber connector is used for terminating a fiber strand into a jack on the wall? Can fiber be "patched" using two jacks and a "patch" cable? Is signal loss a concern with the longest runs at 100-200ft, a patch cable and media converters? The full story: My parents had unterminated fiber optic cable and terminated Cat5e run throughout their home when it was built in 2004. 10 years later the Cat5e isn't providing the throughput that my father needs to accomplish multiple streams of HD and fast system backups throughout the house. He can't reach gigabit speeds across the distance of the Cat5e runs. We are both interested in terminating the fiber connections and using them as high speed "backbones" to copper switches in each room of the house. It would be easy to attain gigabit speeds (or better, eventually) using the fiber. I have searched and searched for a "fiber optic switch" or "fiber optic router" and cannot find the correct term to describe this piece of hardware. We can use fiber media converters at the end points of each connection, however it would be nice to have a "patch panel" set up in the network closet in the basement that has fiber connections on it and switches the ethernet streams between the connections/systems in the house. Each fiber media converter costs between $50-$100 a piece... After 10 or so terminated connections it might make sense to find a piece of hardware that does not require media converters. That would depend upon the cost of this hardware Somewhat unrelated, if we are able to route between these fiber strands successfully, what is the physical connector type used in a jack on the wall? Just like RJ45 has a wall outlet (depicted below): What is the fiber optic equivalent of this? In the interim could we "patch" a couple fiber strands together in the network closet? Would signal loss be of concern with a run length of 100-200 feet, a patch cable and two media converters? If that would work then it could be used until the funds are available for more.

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• Connect three computers (including one laptop) to one monitor

  - by Jesse Beder

  I have the following hardware: 2 Desktop PCs, running Windows XP and Ubuntu Macbook Pro a LCD monitor, a wired keyboard, and a wired mouse Currently, I'm using an oldish IOGear KVM switch to connect the two PCs to the input/output (and it works very well). I'd like a setup that includes the laptop as well, ideally maintaining as much portability as possible (meaning I'd like to be able to sit down, easily plug in my laptop, work on all computers, then easily pick up and leave with the laptop - is docking station the right word here?). What hardware do I need to do this?

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• Ubuntu issues when moving hard disk to new system

  - by Tim

  I'm working on a legacy project with a small single board computer running Ubuntu 10.04 on a compact flash card. I need to be able to save away a working image (via dd) and copy said image to other compact flash cards for use in other single board computers (with identical hardware) I'm able to copy the image to other flash cards and bootup on other systems no problem. But I'm seeing strange behavior. For instance, I can't use sudo on the new system (“sudo: must be setuid root”). I've gone down the path of trying to fix this, but have run into a slew of other issues. General question is: what do I need to be aware of when moving a hard disk containing Ubuntu (in my case a compact flash card) to another computer? I was hoping it would be seamless to Ubuntu since it's moving to a system with identical hardware. Is there something that needs to be done to make it "portable"?

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• Audio doesn't work on Windows XP guest (WS 7.0)

  - by Mads

  Hi, I can't get audio to work with on a Windows XP guest running on VMware Workstation 7.0 and Ubuntu 9.10 host. Windows fails to produce any audio output and the Windows device manager says the Multimedia Audio Controller is not working properly. Audio is working fine in the host OS. When I open Multimedia Audio Controller properties it says: Device status: The drivers for this device are not installed (Code 28) If I try to reinstall the driver I get the following error message: "Cannot Install this Hardware There was a problem installing this hardware: Multimedia Audio Controller An Error occurred during the installation of the device Driver is not intended for this platform" Has anyone else experienced this problem?

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• 32-bit and 64-bit CPU/OS [closed]

  - by learnerforever

  Possible Duplicates: how to know if a computer is 32 bit or 64 bit 32-bit v/s 64-bit systems Hi, This 32-bit and 64-bit thing baffles me. It's not often that I run across it, but when I do, it baffles me. Like when I want to download software from http://www.google.com/ime/transliteration/ it asks me which version to download. I have win XP running on my thinkpad machine. How do I find out if my hardware is 32-bit or 64-bit. Also, how do I find if OS is 32-bit or 64-bit and thus how to know which version to download from this link. Also for any installed application say firefox, how do I know which bit version is installed. How popular are 64-bit hardware/OSs?. Are all the new CPUs and OSs supporting 64-bit and 32-bit for backwards compatible or 64-bit is still a luxury? Thanks,

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• Why does my Mac always crash when I enable `ask for password after screensaver ended`?

  - by Koning Baard XIV

  I have enabled these two things: Placing the mouse-pointer in the bottom-left corner of any display makes the screensaver appear After the screensaver or stand-by has ended, ask for password However, this combination always leads to this (Black Screen of Death) after entering the screensaver with the bottom-left corner: Here are my system specs: Hardware Overview: Model Name: iMac Model Identifier: iMac9,1 Processor Name: Intel Core 2 Duo Processor Speed: 2,66 GHz Number Of Processors: 1 Total Number Of Cores: 2 L2 Cache: 6 MB Memory: 2 GB Bus Speed: 1,07 GHz Boot ROM Version: IM91.008D.B08 SMC Version (system): 1.44f0 Serial Number (system): W89171JF0TF Hardware UUID: 323A90F0-8A2F-5057-B501-2087489E0DFF System Software Overview: System Version: Mac OS X 10.6.3 (10D573) Kernel Version: Darwin 10.3.0 Boot Volume: Macintosh HD Boot Mode: Normal Computer Name: YOU SHOULD NOT KNOW THIS User Name: YOU SHOULD NOT KNOW THIS Secure Virtual Memory: Not Enabled 64-bit Kernel and Extensions: No Time since boot: 11:46 Can anyone help me? Thanks

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• Problems installing Linux to IDE connected compact flash card

  - by mathematician1975

  I have been trying to install Ubuntu on some hardware (Netcom NC-499 board that contains a Vortex86DX processor). I am trying to install to a compact flash card attached to the board via an IDE adaptor, the aim being that the board will boot up and simply treat the compact flash like a normal hard drive. The processor vendor claims support for Ubuntu 10.04 but I am having problems installing it onto the card. I have been trying using a USB CD-ROM drive and the standard .iso image from the ubuntu site (md5 checksum works out fine so no problem there) but I have had no success at all. I have been able to do this with Ubuntu 8.04 but with no other version (9.04 and 10.04 desktop and alternative discs all fail). My question is what other options are available to me to try and install this? I have googled myself apart trying to find out but other than a few sites describing USB based installs using flash memory sticks for very specific hardware, I have found no useful info at all. Any suggestions will be gratefully received.

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• HP Envy webcam pictures all purple

  - by kousen

  I have a new HP Envy 15 with an integrated webcam, running Win 7. It works, but all the images are purple, suggesting to me that the red and blue guns are working, but the green isn't. The problem shows up on both their own software and on Skype. I talked to tech support, and they had me update the BIOS, reinstall the hardware BIOS for the webcam, and update the webcam software. It therefore sounds like a hardware problem, but they won't back that unless I do a full restore, which would wipe my disk of all the software I've spent the last couple of weeks configuring. Is there anything else I can try? Other than just buying another webcam, I mean. Any suggestions would be appreciated.

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• How to access internet from 2 laptops with data card plugged-in in one of the machine?

  - by learnerforever

  Hi, I have 2 laptops - one running Windows XP and other running Vista. Both have wifi card.I have one Reliance broadband data card. I want to be able to access internet on both the machines simultaneously using this one data card. Please help. I think, there would be many many ways to do it. I do have some linksys router but any simple quick way without any extra hardware? like we could set up p2p or WLAN between these 2 machines, because both have wifi card so we shouldn't compulsorily need any extra hardware(?) I am fine with connecting data card to either of the machines. Thanks,

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• How to access internet from 2 laptops with data card plugged-in in one of the machine?

  - by learnerforever

  Hi, I have 2 laptops - one running Windows XP and other running Vista. Both have wifi card.I have one Reliance broadband data card. I want to be able to access internet on both the machines simultaneously using this one data card. Please help. I think, there would be many many ways to do it. I do have some linksys router but any simple quick way without any extra hardware? like we could set up p2p or WLAN between these 2 machines, because both have wifi card so we shouldn't compulsorily need any extra hardware(?) I am fine with connecting data card to either of the machines. Thanks,

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• Need Windows XP VGA driver for i3 Haswell

  - by AFH

  Background: I have recently upgraded my hardware because the previous Pentium system started failing to the point that it would not run long enough to boot. It was obviously a hardware fault, but I had no way of knowing whether it was in the motherboard, CPU or memory. Not all the components were now available, so I decided to replace all three. In order to get some benefit from the expenditure, I though I would put in faster components, and for future-proofing went for recently released ones: MSI Z87-G41-PCMate and Intel i3-4130 with 4400 HD graphics. The system performs excellently with Ubuntu 13.10, so I know there are no hardware problems, but I need to continue running XP because it runs several thousand pounds (UK) worth of software, which meets my needs more than adequately: in some cases there is no longer support for later Windows releases, and in most others an expensive and to me unnecessary upgrade is required. Problem: The motherboard specifications claim Windows XP support for the live driver update utility, which misled me into believing that XP drivers were available. Not true: Intel have apparently refused to provide XP drivers for Haswell chips. The update program runs on XP, but finds no suitable Intel drivers. The system is more or less running on the default fail-safe VGA driver, but DirectX will not load, which stops a number of my applications from running. I have been trawling the internet for a month now, but I have not found a graphics driver which will load successfully: all show "This device cannot start. (code 10)". I don't need HDMI support: my monitor is 1280x1024 and connected through the VGA port, so all I need is a driver which will handle this resolution well enough to support DirectX. Has anyone found a driver which will do this? Please don't reply with information found from internet searches, unless you have actually solved this problem: be assured that I have been all round the houses looking at solutions which others have reported as working, but none of them does for me. Incidentally, I did find an Intel HD sound driver which XP accepts (winxp_145111.exe from Intel), though without connecting to an HDMI port on a TV or sound system I have no idea if it works in practice. However, the graphics section of the same driver fails, like all the others I've tried.

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• Drivers for Quick Cam pro 9000 on Windows 7

  - by runaros

  I have a Logitect Quick Cam Pro 9000 that I want to install on my Windows 7 installation. The user manual specifies that I have to install the software before I install the camera. But my experience is that software from hardware vendors tend to decrease computer performance, so I was wondering if this camera will work by only plugging it in and letting Windows 7 find and install the drivers for it. I could've just tried installing it of course, but again, hardware vendors are notorius for fucking up things, and I wouldn't want to make it impossible to install the camera by doing things in the wrong order, hence the question here on SuperUser because I assume somebody is more knowledgeable than me on this subject.

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• Basic Exchange Deployment Question

  - by charnley

  I have come into a situation where I need to deploy a new Exchange server at a small company. I haven't dealt with the newest version of Exchange (2010) yet, but am familiar with 2003 and 2007. The site is currently running one Exchange 2003 server, which hosts about 100 mailboxes. We have new hardware for an additional server, and this is where I need some advice. Should I install Exchange 2010 on the new hardware and leave the older server as-is? Do I upgrade the old server and use it as a bridgehead or replication partner (there is nothing wrong with it other than it is a few years old and running Win2003/Exchange2003)? Can I leave the older 2003 server alone with only the POP mailboxes on it, and will it peacefully co-exist with the new server? Any advice is very appreciated!

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• OpenSolaris with no gcc vs. Nexenta with no ext3

  - by Jake Wharton

  I'm attempting to migrate my server from linux to a Solaris variant during a hardware upgrade. The machine is based around an Abit AN-M2 board which has an NForce chipset. I have what seems to be a chicken-and-egg problem of sorts: OpenSolaris 2009.06 does not recognize the NIC and I cannot compile the drivers for it as it also lacks gcc. I haven't tested as to whether or not I can mount an ext3 partition yet but its moot if there is no networking. Nexenta 3.0b3 recognizes the NIC but I cannot get the ext3 drives mounted due to FSWfspart refusing to install. I do not know much about Solaris but I wager this is due to the fact that Nexenta is based around Debian as well. While I am reusing the mobo/CPU combo, I did just spent a lot of money on the other hardware around it and would very much like to get it up and running smoothly and quickly. Does anyone have any suggestions that are not: Get a new mobo/CPU Run another OS Use alternate NIC

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• One bigger Virtual Machine distributed across many OpenStack nodes [duplicate]

  - by flyer

  This question already has an answer here: Can a virtualized machine have the CPU and RAM resources of multiple underlying physical machines? 2 answers I just setup virtual machines on one hardware with Vagrant. I want to use a Puppet to configure them and next try to setup OpenStack. I am not sure If I am understanding how this should look at the end. Is it possible to have below architecture with OpenStack after all where I will run one Virtual Machine with Linux? ------------------------------- | VM with OS | ------------------------------- | NOVA | NOVA | NOVA | ------------------------------- | OpenStack | ------------------------------- | Node | Node | Node | ------------------------------- More details: In my environment Nodes are just virtual machines, but my question concerns separate Hardware nodes. If we imagine this Nodes(Novas) are placed on a separate machines (e.g. every has 4 cores) can I run one Virtual Machine across many OpenStack Nodes? Is it possible to aggregate the computation power of OpenStack in one virtual distributed operating system?

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• Can someone explain the "use-cases" for the default munin graphs?

  - by exhuma

  When installing munin, it activates a default set of plugins (at least on ubuntu). Alternatively, you can simply run munin-node-configure to figure out which plugins are supported on your system. Most of these plugins plot straight-forward data. My question is not to explain the nature of the data (well... maybe for some) but what is it that you look for in these graphs? It is easy to install munin and see fancy graphs. But having the graphs and not being able to "read" them renders them totally useless. I am going to list standard plugins which are enabled by default on my system. So it's going to be a long list. For completeness, I am also going to list plugins which I think to understand and give a short explanation as to what I think it's used for. Pleas correct if I am wrong with any of them. So let me split this questions in three parts: Plugins where I don't even understand the data Plugins where I understand the data but don't know what I should look out for Plugins which I think to understand Plugins where I don't even understand the data These may contain questions that are not necessarily aimed at munin alone. Not understanding the data usually mean a gap in fundamental knowledge on operating systems/hardware.... ;) Feel free to respond with a "giyf" answer. These are plugins where I can only guess what's going on... I hardly want to look at these "guessing"... Disk IOs per device (IOs/second)What's an IO. I know it stands for input/output. But that's as far as it goes. Disk latency per device (Average IO wait)Not a clue what an "IO wait" is... IO Service TimeThis one is a huge mess, and it's near impossible to see something in the graph at all. Plugins where I understand the data but don't know what I should look out for IOStat (blocks/second read/written)I assume, the thing to look out for in here are spikes? Which would mean that the device is in heavy use? Available entropy (bytes)I assume that this is important for random number generation? Why would I graph this? So far the value has always been near constant. VMStat (running/I/O sleep processes)What's the difference between this one and the "processes" graph? Both show running/sleeping processes, whereas the "Processes" graph seems to have more details. Disk throughput per device (bytes/second read/written) What's thedifference between this one and the "IOStat" graph? inode table usageWhat should I look for in this graph? Plugins which I think to understand I'll be guessing some things here... correct me if I am wrong. Disk usage in percent (percent)How much disk space is used/remaining. As this is approaching 100%, you should consider cleaning up or extend the partition. This is extremely important for the root partition. Firewall Throughput (packets/second)The number of packets passing through the firewall. If this is spiking for a longer period of time, it could be a sign of a DOS attack (or we are simply recieving a large file). It can also give you an idea about your firewall performance. If it's levelling out and you need more "power" you should consider load balancing. If it's levelling out and see a correlation with your CPU load, it could also mean that your hardware is not fast enough. Correlations with disk usage could point to excessive LOG targets in you FW config. eth0 errors (packets in/out)Network errors. If this value is increasing, it could be a sign of faulty hardware. eth0 traffic (bits/second in/out)Raw network traffic. This should correlate with Firewall throughput. number of threadsAn ever-increasing value might point to a process not properly closing threads. Investigate! processesBreakdown of active processes (including sleeping). A quick spike in here might point to a fork-bomb. A slowly, but ever-increasing value might point to an application spawning sub-processes but not properly closing them. Investigate using ps faux. process priorityThis shows the distribution of process priorities. Having only high-priority processes is not of much use. Consider de-prioritizing some. cpu usageFairly straight-forward. If this is spiking, you may have an attack going on, or a process is hogging the CPU. Idf it's slowly increasing and approaching max in normal operations, you should consider upgrading your hardware (or load-balancing). file table usageNumber of actively open files. If this is reaching max, you may have a process opening, but not properly releasing files. load averageShows an summarized value for the system load. Should correlate with CPU usage. Increasing values can come from a number of sources. Look for correlations with other graphs. memory usageA graphical representation of you memory. As long as you have a lot of unused+cache+buffers you are fine. swap in/outShows the activity on your swap partition. This should always be 0. If you see activity on this, you should add more memory to your machine!

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