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• How can I track down the cause of ext3 filesystem corruption?

  - by Jon Buys

  We have a VMware vSphere 5 environment running CentOS 5.8 virtual machines. In the past two weeks we have had five incidents of virtual machines having a filesytem become corrupt, requiring an fsck to repair. Here is what we see in the logs: Nov 14 14:39:28 hostname kernel: EXT3-fs error (device dm-2): htree_dirblock_to_tree: bad entry in directory #2392098: rec_len is smaller than minimal - offset=0, inode=0, rec_len=0, name_len=0 Nov 14 14:39:28 hostname kernel: Aborting journal on device dm-2. Nov 14 14:39:28 hostname kernel: __journal_remove_journal_head: freeing b_committed_data Nov 14 14:39:28 hostname last message repeated 4 times Nov 14 14:39:28 hostname kernel: ext3_abort called. Nov 14 14:39:28 hostname kernel: EXT3-fs error (device dm-2): ext3_journal_start_sb: Detected aborted journal Nov 14 14:39:28 hostname kernel: Remounting filesystem read-only Nov 14 14:39:28 hostname kernel: EXT3-fs error (device dm-2): htree_dirblock_to_tree: bad entry in directory #2392099: rec_len is smaller than minimal - offset=0, inode=0, rec_len=0, name_len=0 Nov 14 14:31:17 hostname ntpd[3041]: synchronized to 194.238.48.2, stratum 2 Nov 14 15:00:40 hostname kernel: EXT3-fs error (device dm-2): htree_dirblock_to_tree: bad entry in directory #2162743: rec_len is smaller than minimal - offset=0, inode=0, rec_len=0, name_len=0 Nov 14 15:13:17 hostname kernel: __journal_remove_journal_head: freeing b_committed_data The problem seems to happen while we are rsync'ing application data from another server. So far we have been unable to reproduce the problem, or identify a root cause. After we had a few servers have this problem, we assumed that there was an issue with the template, so we scrapped all VM's cloned off of the template, destroyed the template, and built a new template from scratch, installed from a newly downloaded CentOS ISO. We use HP EVA SAN's for datastores, and moved from a 4400 to a 6300 after the first problem. Since the move and rebuilding new virtual machines we have seen the issue twice. On one VM we shut down the server, removed two virtual CPUs, and booted it back up again, the problem presented itself almost immediately. On the other VM, we rebooted it, and the problem happened a half hour later. Any tips or pointers in the right direction would be appreciated.

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• Recovering a mdadm+lvm+ext4 partition with read error

  - by bitwelder

  One of disks in my NAS has failed. The NAS is running Linux, and it uses mdadm + LVM technology for its filesystems. I do have backup for most of the contents, but not for the very last changes, and if possible, I'd like to recover that from this failing disk. The disk (a 'green drive' WD10EARS 1TB in size) throws this kind of errors: Oct 3 12:00:41 kernel: [ 3625.620000] ata5.00: read unc at 9453282 Oct 3 12:00:41 kernel: [ 3625.620000] lba 9453282 start 9453280 end 1953511007 Oct 3 12:00:41 kernel: [ 3625.620000] sde5 auto_remap 0 Oct 3 12:00:41 kernel: [ 3625.630000] ata5.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x1 SErr 0x0 action 0x6 Oct 3 12:00:41 kernel: [ 3625.630000] ata5.00: edma_err_cause=00000084 pp_flags=00000003, dev error, EDMA self-disable Oct 3 12:00:41 kernel: [ 3625.640000] ata5.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED Oct 3 12:00:41 kernel: [ 3625.650000] ata5.00: cmd 60/40:00:e0:3e:90/00:00:00:00:00/40 tag 0 ncq 32768 in Oct 3 12:00:41 kernel: [ 3625.650000] res 41/40:00:e2:3e:90/12:00:00:00:00/40 Emask 0x409 (media error) <F> Oct 3 12:00:41 kernel: [ 3625.660000] ata5.00: status: { DRDY ERR } However, while testing with 'dd', I noticed that if I skip the first 4kB, the read seems to be ok, i.e. a command like. dd if=/dev/sde5 of=dev/null bs=4k count=1000 skip=1 doesn't return any read error. Supposing that there is no other read failure in the rest of the disk, would I be able to recover this 900 GB partition (as I mentioned before, it's a 'linux raid autodetect' partition, that contains a a LVM2 volume that contains a ext4 filesystem) if I copy-clone the partition somewhere else, but the first 4kB?

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• Fedora 14 update probelem

  - by Marko

  How is everybody doin? :) Im having this problem with Fedora 14 update for last couple of weeks.. when I run yum update I get the following result: Running rpm_check_debug ERROR with rpm_check_debug vs depsolve: kernel-uname-r = 2.6.32.10-90.fc12.i686.PAE is needed by (installed) kmod-nvidia-2.6.32.10-90.fc12.i686.PAE-1:195.36.15-1.fc12.1.i686 kernel-uname-r = 2.6.32.16-150.fc12.i686.PAE is needed by (installed) kmod-nvidia-2.6.32.16-150.fc12.i686.PAE-1:195.36.31-1.fc12.2.i686 kernel-uname-r = 2.6.32.21-168.fc12.i686.PAE is needed by (installed) kmod-nvidia-2.6.32.21-168.fc12.i686.PAE-1:195.36.31-1.fc12.5.i686 kernel-uname-r = 2.6.32.10-90.fc12.i686.PAE is needed by (installed) kmod-nvidia-2.6.32.10-90.fc12.i686.PAE-1:195.36.15-1.fc12.1.i686 kernel-uname-r = 2.6.32.16-150.fc12.i686.PAE is needed by (installed) kmod-nvidia-2.6.32.16-150.fc12.i686.PAE-1:195.36.31-1.fc12.2.i686 kernel-uname-r = 2.6.32.21-168.fc12.i686.PAE is needed by (installed) kmod-nvidia-2.6.32.21-168.fc12.i686.PAE-1:195.36.31-1.fc12.5.i686 Please report this error in http://yum.baseurl.org/report ** Found 9 pre-existing rpmdb problem(s), 'yum check' output follows: VirtualBox-3.2-3.2.10_66523_fedora13-1.i686 has missing requires of libpython2.6.so.1.0 VirtualBox-3.2-3.2.10_66523_fedora13-1.i686 has missing requires of python(abi) = ('0', '2.6', None) 1:kmod-nvidia-2.6.32.10-90.fc12.i686.PAE-195.36.15-1.fc12.1.i686 has missing requires of kernel-uname-r = ('0', '2.6.32.10', '90.fc12.i686.PAE') 1:kmod-nvidia-2.6.32.16-150.fc12.i686.PAE-195.36.31-1.fc12.2.i686 has missing requires of kernel-uname-r = ('0', '2.6.32.16', '150.fc12.i686.PAE') 1:kmod-nvidia-2.6.32.21-168.fc12.i686.PAE-195.36.31-1.fc12.5.i686 has missing requires of kernel-uname-r = ('0', '2.6.32.21', '168.fc12.i686.PAE') mysql-workbench-gpl-5.2.28-1fc13.i386 has missing requires of libpython2.6.so.1.0 pysvn-1.7.2-1.fc13.i686 has missing requires of python(abi) = ('0', '2.6', None) system-config-display-2.2-1.fc12.i686 has missing requires of libpython2.6.so.1.0 system-config-display-2.2-1.fc12.i686 has missing requires of python(abi) = ('0', '2.6', None) does anybody have a similar issue?

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• cset shield --kthread on: should I use this?

  - by lori

  I'm reading up on cpu shielding using Alex Tsariounov's cset utility here: https://rt.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Cpuset_Management_Utility/tutorial In the tutorial I'm finding the wording around migrating kernel threads from having access to all cpus to running only in a certain cpuset a bit ambiguous The tutorial says the following: Some kernel threads can be moved into the unshielded system cpuset as well. These are the threads that are not bound to specific CPUs. If a kernel thread is bound to a specific CPU, then it is generally not a good idea to move that thread to the system set because at worst it may hang the system and at best it will slow the system down significantly. These threads are usually the IRQ threads on a real time Linux kernel, for example, and you may want to not move these kernel threads into system. If you leave them in the root cpuset, then they will have access to all CPUs. The tutorial then goes on to say: However, if your application demands an even "quieter" shield, then you can move all movable kernel threads into the unshielded system set with the following command. [zuul:cpuset-trunk]# cset shield -k on cset: --> activating kthread shielding cset: kthread shield activated, moving 70 tasks into system cpuset... [==================================================]% cset: done I am confused by this final sentence. By using the word however, it seems to suggest that you typically should not move the movable kernel threads into the unshielded system set. Is this the case, or is it safe to move kernel threads which can be moved into a cpuset, thereby preventing them from running on some cpus?

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• Ubuntu 10.04 & IBM DS3524 with FC multipath, inactive path is [failed][faulty] instead of [active][ghost]

  - by Graeme Donaldson

  OK, this is my setup: FC Switches IBM/Brocade, Switch1 and Switch2, independent fabrics. Server IBM x3650 M2, 2x QLogic QLE2460, 1 connected to each FC Switch. Storage IBM DS3524, 2x controllers with 4x FC ports each, but only 2x connected on each. +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | HBA1 Server HBA2 | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | | | | | | +-----------------------------+ +------------------------------+ | Switch1 | | Switch2 | +-----------------------------+ +------------------------------+ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Contr A, port 3 | Contr A, port 4 | Contr B, port 3 | Contr B, port 4 | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Storage | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ My /etc/multipath.conf is from the IBM redbook for the DS3500, except I use a different setting for prio_callout, IBM uses /sbin/mpath_prio_tpc, but according to http://changelogs.ubuntu.com/changelogs/pool/main/m/multipath-tools/multipath-tools_0.4.8-7ubuntu2/changelog, this was renamed to /sbin/mpath_prio_rdac, which I'm using. devices { device { #ds3500 vendor "IBM" product "1746 FAStT" hardware_handler "1 rdac" path_checker rdac failback 0 path_grouping_policy multibus prio_callout "/sbin/mpath_prio_rdac /dev/%n" } } multipaths { multipath { wwid xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx alias array07 path_grouping_policy multibus path_checker readsector0 path_selector "round-robin 0" failback "5" rr_weight priorities no_path_retry "5" } } The output of multipath -ll with controller A as the preferred path: root@db06:~# multipath -ll sdg: checker msg is "directio checker reports path is down" sdh: checker msg is "directio checker reports path is down" array07 (xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx) dm-2 IBM ,1746 FASt [size=4.9T][features=1 queue_if_no_path][hwhandler=0] \_ round-robin 0 [prio=2][active] \_ 5:0:1:0 sdd 8:48 [active][ready] \_ 5:0:2:0 sde 8:64 [active][ready] \_ 6:0:1:0 sdg 8:96 [failed][faulty] \_ 6:0:2:0 sdh 8:112 [failed][faulty] If I change the preferred path using IBM DS Storage Manager to Controller B, the output swaps accordingly: root@db06:~# multipath -ll sdd: checker msg is "directio checker reports path is down" sde: checker msg is "directio checker reports path is down" array07 (xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx) dm-2 IBM ,1746 FASt [size=4.9T][features=1 queue_if_no_path][hwhandler=0] \_ round-robin 0 [prio=2][active] \_ 5:0:1:0 sdd 8:48 [failed][faulty] \_ 5:0:2:0 sde 8:64 [failed][faulty] \_ 6:0:1:0 sdg 8:96 [active][ready] \_ 6:0:2:0 sdh 8:112 [active][ready] According to IBM, the inactive path should be "[active][ghost]", not "[failed][faulty]". Despite this, I don't seem to have any I/O issues, but my syslog is being spammed with this every 5 seconds: Jun 1 15:30:09 db06 multipathd: sdg: directio checker reports path is down Jun 1 15:30:09 db06 kernel: [ 2350.282065] sd 6:0:2:0: [sdh] Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE Jun 1 15:30:09 db06 kernel: [ 2350.282071] sd 6:0:2:0: [sdh] Sense Key : Illegal Request [current] Jun 1 15:30:09 db06 kernel: [ 2350.282076] sd 6:0:2:0: [sdh] <<vendor>> ASC=0x94 ASCQ=0x1ASC=0x94 ASCQ=0x1 Jun 1 15:30:09 db06 kernel: [ 2350.282083] sd 6:0:2:0: [sdh] CDB: Read(10): 28 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 08 00 Jun 1 15:30:09 db06 kernel: [ 2350.282092] end_request: I/O error, dev sdh, sector 0 Jun 1 15:30:10 db06 multipathd: sdh: directio checker reports path is down Jun 1 15:30:14 db06 kernel: [ 2355.312270] sd 6:0:1:0: [sdg] Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE Jun 1 15:30:14 db06 kernel: [ 2355.312277] sd 6:0:1:0: [sdg] Sense Key : Illegal Request [current] Jun 1 15:30:14 db06 kernel: [ 2355.312282] sd 6:0:1:0: [sdg] <<vendor>> ASC=0x94 ASCQ=0x1ASC=0x94 ASCQ=0x1 Jun 1 15:30:14 db06 kernel: [ 2355.312290] sd 6:0:1:0: [sdg] CDB: Read(10): 28 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 08 00 Jun 1 15:30:14 db06 kernel: [ 2355.312299] end_request: I/O error, dev sdg, sector 0 Does anyone know how I can get the inactive path to show "[active][ghost]" instead of "[failed][faulty]"? I assume that once I can get that right then the spam in my syslog will end as well. One final thing worth mentioning is that the IBM redbook doc targets SLES 11 so I'm assuming there's something a little different under Ubuntu that I just haven't figured out yet. Update: As suggested by Mitch, I've tried removing /etc/multipath.conf, and now the output of multipath -ll looks like this: root@db06:~# multipath -ll sdg: checker msg is "directio checker reports path is down" sdh: checker msg is "directio checker reports path is down" xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxdm-1 IBM ,1746 FASt [size=4.9T][features=0][hwhandler=0] \_ round-robin 0 [prio=1][active] \_ 5:0:2:0 sde 8:64 [active][ready] \_ round-robin 0 [prio=1][enabled] \_ 5:0:1:0 sdd 8:48 [active][ready] \_ round-robin 0 [prio=0][enabled] \_ 6:0:1:0 sdg 8:96 [failed][faulty] \_ round-robin 0 [prio=0][enabled] \_ 6:0:2:0 sdh 8:112 [failed][faulty] So its more or less the same, with the same message in the syslog every 5 minutes as before, but the grouping has changed.

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• Debugging OWB generated SAP ABAP code executed through RFC

  - by Anil Menon

  Within OWB if you need to execute ABAP code using RFC you will have to use the SAP Function Module RFC_ABAP_INSTALL_AND_RUN. This function module is specified during the creation of the SAP source location. Usually in a Production environment a copy of this function module is used due to security restrictions. When you execute the mapping by using this Function Module you can’t see the actual ABAP code that is passed on to the SAP system. In case you want to take a look at the code that will be executed on the SAP system you need to use a custom Function Module in SAP. The easiest way to do this is to make a copy of the Function Module RFC_ABAP_INSTALL_AND_RUN and call it say Z_TEST_FM. Then edit the code of the Function Module in SAP as below FUNCTION Z_TEST_FM . DATA: BEGIN OF listobj OCCURS 20. INCLUDE STRUCTURE abaplist. DATA: END OF listobj. DATA: begin_of_line(72). DATA: line_end_char(1). DATA: line_length type I. DATA: lin(72). loop at program. append program-line to WRITES. endloop. ENDFUNCTION. Within OWB edit the SAP Location and use Z_TEST_FM as the “Execution Function Module” instead of  RFC_ABAP_INSTALL_AND_RUN. Then register this location. The Mapping you want to debug will have to be deployed. After deployment you can right click the mapping and click on “Start”.   After clicking start the “Input Parameters” screen will be displayed. You can make changes here if you need to. Check that the parameter BACKGROUND is set to “TRUE”. After Clicking “OK” the log for the execution will be displayed. The execution of Mappings will always fail when you use the above function module. Clicking on the icon “I” (information) the ABAP code will be displayed.   The ABAP code displayed is the code that is passed through the Function Module. You can also find the code by going through the log files on the server which hosts the OWB repository. The logs will be located under <OWB_HOME>/owb/log. Patch #12951045 is recommended while using the SAP Connector with OWB 11.2.0.2. For recommended patches for other releases please check with Oracle Support at http://support.oracle.com

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• How do I fix dependency problems with the kernel in apt?

  - by Jon

  When trying to install new packages, either manually or with muon, I get these errors: jon@jon-desktop:~/Apps/mendeleydesktop-1.5-dev4-linux-x86_64/bin$ sudo apt-get install kupfer [sudo] password for jon: Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done You might want to run 'apt-get -f install' to correct these: The following packages have unmet dependencies: kupfer : Depends: python-keybinder but it is not going to be installed Recommends: python-wnck but it is not going to be installed linux-headers-generic : Depends: linux-headers-3.2.0-20-generic but it is not installable linux-image-generic : Depends: linux-image-3.2.0-20-generic but it is not installable E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt-get -f install' with no packages (or specify a solution). jon@jon-desktop:~/Apps/mendeleydesktop-1.5-dev4-linux-x86_64/bin$ sudo apt-get -f install Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Correcting dependencies... Done The following extra packages will be installed: linux-generic linux-headers-generic linux-image-generic The following packages will be upgraded: linux-generic linux-headers-generic linux-image-generic 3 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 2 not upgraded. 3 not fully installed or removed. Need to get 0 B/6,658 B of archives. After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue [Y/n]? dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-image-generic: linux-image-generic depends on linux-image-3.2.0-20-generic; however: Package linux-image-3.2.0-20-generic is not installed. dpkg: error processing linux-image-generic (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured No apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure. dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-generic: linux-generic depends on linux-image-generic (= 3.2.0.20.22); however: Package linux-image-generic is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing linux-generic (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured No apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure. dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-headers-generic: linux-headers-generic depends on linux-headers-3.2.0-20-generic; however: Package linux-headers-3.2.0-20-generic is not installed. dpkg: error processing linux-headers-generic (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured No apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure. Errors were encountered while processing: linux-image-generic linux-generic linux-headers-generic E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1) As indicated above, I ran sudo apt-get -f install but it still tells me there are dependency issues.

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• Set up Xen 3.4.3 Dom0 via xenified 2.6.31.12 kernel on top of Ubuntu 9.10 Server

  <b>Xen Virtualization on Linux and Solaris:</b> "Following bellow is build Xen Host on top Ubuntu 9.10 Server.It is based on direct clone via &#8220;hg&#8221; and build Xen 3.4.3-rc4 from xensource.com , applying Andrew Lyon&#8217;s 2.6.31 patch set V12..."

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• Chrome and Firefox not able to find some sites after Ubuntu's recent update?

  - by gkr

  Loading of revision3.com in Chrome stops and status saying "waiting for static.inplay.tubemogul.com" grooveshark.com in Chrome never loads But wikipedia.org, google.com works just normal same behavior in Firefox too. I use wired DSL connection in Ubuntu 12.04. I guess this started happening after I upgraded the Chrome browser or Flash plugin few days ago from Ubuntu updates through update-manager. Thanks EDIT: Everything works normal in my WinXP. Problem is only in Ubuntu 12.04. This is what I get when I use wget gkr@gkr-desktop:~$ wget revision3.com --2012-06-12 08:58:01-- http://revision3.com/ Resolving revision3.com (revision3.com)... 173.192.117.198 Connecting to revision3.com (revision3.com)|173.192.117.198|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: unspecified [text/html] Saving to: `index.html' [ ] 81,046 32.0K/s in 2.5s 2012-06-12 08:58:04 (32.0 KB/s) - `index.html' saved [81046] gkr@gkr-desktop:~$ wget static.inplay.tubemogul.com --2012-06-12 08:51:25-- http://static.inplay.tubemogul.com/ Resolving static.inplay.tubemogul.com (static.inplay.tubemogul.com)... 72.21.81.253 Connecting to static.inplay.tubemogul.com (static.inplay.tubemogul.com)|72.21.81.253|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 404 Not Found 2012-06-12 08:51:25 ERROR 404: Not Found. grooveshark.com nevers responses so I have to Ctrl+C to terminate wget. gkr@gkr-desktop:~$ wget grooveshark.com --2012-06-12 08:51:33-- http://grooveshark.com/ Resolving grooveshark.com (grooveshark.com)... 8.20.213.76 Connecting to grooveshark.com (grooveshark.com)|8.20.213.76|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... ^C gkr@gkr-desktop:~$ This is the apt term.log of updates I mentioned Log started: 2012-06-09 04:51:45 (Reading database ... (Reading database ... 5% (Reading database ... 10% (Reading database ... 15% (Reading database ... 20% (Reading database ... 25% (Reading database ... 30% (Reading database ... 35% (Reading database ... 40% (Reading database ... 45% (Reading database ... 50% (Reading database ... 55% (Reading database ... 60% (Reading database ... 65% (Reading database ... 70% (Reading database ... 75% (Reading database ... 80% (Reading database ... 85% (Reading database ... 90% (Reading database ... 95% (Reading database ... 100% (Reading database ... 161392 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to replace google-chrome-stable 19.0.1084.52-r138391 (using .../google-chrome-stable_19.0.1084.56-r140965_i386.deb) ... Unpacking replacement google-chrome-stable ... Preparing to replace libpulse0 1:1.1-0ubuntu15 (using .../libpulse0_1%3a1.1-0ubuntu15.1_i386.deb) ... Unpacking replacement libpulse0 ... Preparing to replace libpulse-mainloop-glib0 1:1.1-0ubuntu15 (using .../libpulse-mainloop-glib0_1%3a1.1-0ubuntu15.1_i386.deb) ... Unpacking replacement libpulse-mainloop-glib0 ... Preparing to replace libpulsedsp 1:1.1-0ubuntu15 (using .../libpulsedsp_1%3a1.1-0ubuntu15.1_i386.deb) ... Unpacking replacement libpulsedsp ... Preparing to replace sudo 1.8.3p1-1ubuntu3.2 (using .../sudo_1.8.3p1-1ubuntu3.3_i386.deb) ... Unpacking replacement sudo ... Preparing to replace flashplugin-installer 11.2.202.235ubuntu0.12.04.1 (using .../flashplugin-installer_11.2.202.236ubuntu0.12.04.1_i386.deb) ... Unpacking replacement flashplugin-installer ... Preparing to replace pulseaudio-utils 1:1.1-0ubuntu15 (using .../pulseaudio-utils_1%3a1.1-0ubuntu15.1_i386.deb) ... Unpacking replacement pulseaudio-utils ... Preparing to replace pulseaudio 1:1.1-0ubuntu15 (using .../pulseaudio_1%3a1.1-0ubuntu15.1_i386.deb) ... Unpacking replacement pulseaudio ... Preparing to replace pulseaudio-module-gconf 1:1.1-0ubuntu15 (using .../pulseaudio-module-gconf_1%3a1.1-0ubuntu15.1_i386.deb) ... Unpacking replacement pulseaudio-module-gconf ... Preparing to replace pulseaudio-module-x11 1:1.1-0ubuntu15 (using .../pulseaudio-module-x11_1%3a1.1-0ubuntu15.1_i386.deb) ... Unpacking replacement pulseaudio-module-x11 ... Preparing to replace shared-mime-info 1.0-0ubuntu4 (using .../shared-mime-info_1.0-0ubuntu4.1_i386.deb) ... Unpacking replacement shared-mime-info ... Preparing to replace pulseaudio-module-bluetooth 1:1.1-0ubuntu15 (using .../pulseaudio-module-bluetooth_1%3a1.1-0ubuntu15.1_i386.deb) ... Unpacking replacement pulseaudio-module-bluetooth ... Processing triggers for menu ... /usr/share/menu/downverter.menu: 1: /usr/share/menu/downverter.menu: Syntax error: word unexpected (expecting ")") Processing triggers for man-db ... locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: No such file or directory locale: Cannot set LC_MESSAGES to default locale: No such file or directory locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory Processing triggers for bamfdaemon ... Rebuilding /usr/share/applications/bamf.index... Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils ... Processing triggers for gnome-menus ... Processing triggers for ureadahead ... ureadahead will be reprofiled on next reboot Processing triggers for update-notifier-common ... flashplugin-installer: downloading http://archive.canonical.com/pool/partner/a/adobe-flashplugin/adobe-flashplugin_11.2.202.236.orig.tar.gz Installing from local file /tmp/tmpNrBt4g.gz Flash Plugin installed. Processing triggers for doc-base ... Processing 1 changed doc-base file... Registering documents with scrollkeeper... Setting up google-chrome-stable (19.0.1084.56-r140965) ... Setting up libpulse0 (1:1.1-0ubuntu15.1) ... Setting up libpulse-mainloop-glib0 (1:1.1-0ubuntu15.1) ... Setting up libpulsedsp (1:1.1-0ubuntu15.1) ... Setting up sudo (1.8.3p1-1ubuntu3.3) ... Installing new version of config file /etc/pam.d/sudo ... Setting up flashplugin-installer (11.2.202.236ubuntu0.12.04.1) ... locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: No such file or directory locale: Cannot set LC_MESSAGES to default locale: No such file or directory locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory Setting up pulseaudio-utils (1:1.1-0ubuntu15.1) ... Setting up pulseaudio (1:1.1-0ubuntu15.1) ... Setting up pulseaudio-module-gconf (1:1.1-0ubuntu15.1) ... Setting up pulseaudio-module-x11 (1:1.1-0ubuntu15.1) ... Setting up shared-mime-info (1.0-0ubuntu4.1) ... Setting up pulseaudio-module-bluetooth (1:1.1-0ubuntu15.1) ... Processing triggers for menu ... /usr/share/menu/downverter.menu: 1: /usr/share/menu/downverter.menu: Syntax error: word unexpected (expecting ")") Processing triggers for libc-bin ... ldconfig deferred processing now taking place Log ended: 2012-06-09 04:53:32 This is from history.log Start-Date: 2012-06-09 04:51:45 Commandline: aptdaemon role='role-commit-packages' sender=':1.56' Upgrade: shared-mime-info:i386 (1.0-0ubuntu4, 1.0-0ubuntu4.1), pulseaudio:i386 (1.1-0ubuntu15, 1.1-0ubuntu15.1), libpulse-mainloop-glib0:i386 (1.1-0ubuntu15, 1.1-0ubuntu15.1), sudo:i386 (1.8.3p1-1ubuntu3.2, 1.8.3p1-1ubuntu3.3), pulseaudio-module-bluetooth:i386 (1.1-0ubuntu15, 1.1-0ubuntu15.1), pulseaudio-module-x11:i386 (1.1-0ubuntu15, 1.1-0ubuntu15.1), flashplugin-installer:i386 (11.2.202.235ubuntu0.12.04.1, 11.2.202.236ubuntu0.12.04.1), pulseaudio-utils:i386 (1.1-0ubuntu15, 1.1-0ubuntu15.1), pulseaudio-module-gconf:i386 (1.1-0ubuntu15, 1.1-0ubuntu15.1), libpulse0:i386 (1.1-0ubuntu15, 1.1-0ubuntu15.1), libpulsedsp:i386 (1.1-0ubuntu15, 1.1-0ubuntu15.1), google-chrome-stable:i386 (19.0.1084.52-r138391, 19.0.1084.56-r140965) End-Date: 2012-06-09 04:53:32

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• Not enough free disk space

  - by carmatt95

  I'm new to Ubuntu and I'm getting an error in software updater. When I try and do my daily updates, it says: The upgrade needs a total of 25.3 M free space on disk /boot. Please free at least an additional 25.3 M of disk space on /boot. Empty your trash and remove temporary packages of former installations using sudo apt-get clean. I tried typing in sudo apt-get clean into the terminal but I still get the message. All of the pages I read seem to be for experianced Ubuntuers. Any help would be appreciated. I'm running Ubuntu 12.10. I want to upgrade to 13.04 but understand I have to finish these first. EDIT: @Alaa, This is the output from typing in cat /etc/fstab into the terminal: # /etc/fstab: static file system information. # # Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a # device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices # that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5). # # <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> /dev/mapper/ubuntu-root / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1 # /boot was on /dev/sda1 during installation UUID=fa55c082-112d-4b10-bcf3-e7ffec6cebbc /boot ext2 defaults 0 2 /dev/mapper/ubuntu-swap_1 none swap sw 0 0 /dev/fd0 /media/floppy0 auto rw,user,noauto,exec,utf8 0 0 matty@matty-G41M-ES2L:~$ df -h: Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/ubuntu-root 915G 27G 842G 4% / udev 984M 4.0K 984M 1% /dev tmpfs 397M 1.1M 396M 1% /run none 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock none 992M 1.8M 990M 1% /run/shm none 100M 52K 100M 1% /run/user /dev/sda1 228M 222M 0 100% /boot matty@matty-G41M-ES2L:~$ dpkg -l | grep linux-image: ii linux-image-3.5.0-17-generic 3.5.0-17.28 i386 Linux kernel image for version 3.5.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP ii linux-image-3.5.0-18-generic 3.5.0-18.29 i386 Linux kernel image for version 3.5.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP ii linux-image-3.5.0-19-generic 3.5.0-19.30 i386 Linux kernel image for version 3.5.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP ii linux-image-3.5.0-21-generic 3.5.0-21.32 i386 Linux kernel image for version 3.5.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP ii linux-image-3.5.0-22-generic 3.5.0-22.34 i386 Linux kernel image for version 3.5.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP ii linux-image-3.5.0-23-generic 3.5.0-23.35 i386 Linux kernel image for version 3.5.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP ii linux-image-3.5.0-24-generic 3.5.0-24.37 i386 Linux kernel image for version 3.5.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP ii linux-image-3.5.0-25-generic 3.5.0-25.39 i386 Linux kernel image for version 3.5.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP ii linux-image-3.5.0-26-generic 3.5.0-26.42 i386 Linux kernel image for version 3.5.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP iF linux-image-3.5.0-28-generic 3.5.0-28.48 i386 Linux kernel image for version 3.5.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP

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• Sortie de Debian 6.0.0, alias « Squeeze » : Kernel 2.6.32, Tomcat 6.0.28, Apache 2.2.16, MySQL 5.1.49 ou PHP 5.3.2 au menu

  Sortie de Debian 6.0.0 Squeeze Le Debian Project l'avait annoncé ce 31 janvier 2011, la sortie officielle de Debian 6.0, plus connue sous le nom de Squeeze l'extraterrestre à 3 yeux, était iminente. Et bien, c'est chose faite ! Le passage en version stable de Squeeze a eu lieu ce week-end et pour l'occasion, le site web du projet a subi un rajeunissement. Citation: Envoyé par [email protected] Release Manage...

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• Need to increase nginx throughput to an upstream unix socket -- linux kernel tuning?

  - by Ben Lee

  I am running an nginx server that acts as a proxy to an upstream unix socket, like this: upstream app_server { server unix:/tmp/app.sock fail_timeout=0; } server { listen ###.###.###.###; server_name whatever.server; root /web/root; try_files $uri @app; location @app { proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme; proxy_set_header Host $http_host; proxy_redirect off; proxy_pass http://app_server; } } Some app server processes, in turn, pull requests off /tmp/app.sock as they become available. The particular app server in use here is Unicorn, but I don't think that's relevant to this question. The issue is, it just seems that past a certain amount of load, nginx can't get requests through the socket at a fast enough rate. It doesn't matter how many app server processes I set up, it doesn't even matter what the app is (tried it with a dummy app with just a single endpoint that returned an empty page with status 404). The bottleneck seems to be the socket, not the app. I'm getting a flood of these messages in the nginx error log: connect() to unix:/tmp/app.sock failed (11: Resource temporarily unavailable) while connecting to upstream Many requests result in status code 502, and those that don't take a long time to complete. The nginx write queue stat hovers around 1000. Anyway, I feel like I'm missing something obvious here, because this particular configuration of nginx and app server is pretty common, especially with Unicorn (it's the recommended method in fact). Are there any linux kernel options that needs to be set, or something in nginx? Any ideas about how to increase the throughput to the upstream socket? Something that I'm clearly doing wrong? Additional information on the environment: $ uname -a Linux app1 3.2.0-24-generic #39-Ubuntu SMP Mon May 21 16:52:17 UTC 2012 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux $ ruby -v ruby 1.9.3p194 (2012-04-20 revision 35410) [x86_64-linux] $ unicorn -v unicorn v4.3.1 $ nginx -V nginx version: nginx/1.2.1 built by gcc 4.6.3 (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.6.3-1ubuntu5) TLS SNI support enabled Current kernel tweaks: net.core.rmem_default = 65536 net.core.wmem_default = 65536 net.core.rmem_max = 16777216 net.core.wmem_max = 16777216 net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 16777216 net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 65536 16777216 net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 16777216 16777216 16777216 net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1 net.ipv4.route.flush = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_no_metrics_save = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_moderate_rcvbuf = 1 net.core.somaxconn = 8192 net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max = 131072

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• what is ip 10.1.1.130 to which seems monitored by NT Kernel & System process on Windows 7?

  - by EndangeringSpecies

  I used netstat to see what is happening with network connections, and I see this weird ip address somehow listed together with PID 4 "NT Kernel & System", whatever that might be. Netstat describes it as a "local address" and there is no "foreign address" involved (btw, what are local and foreign addresses anyway?) In the column to the right there is neither "listening" nor "established" record, so no record at all there.

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• centos freezes with this error kernel: ata1.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x7fffffff SErr 0x0 action 0x0

  - by lakshman

  0 down vote favorite share [fb] share [tw] I am using centOs 5.5 version with raid 1 configuration the server freezes and goes to non response . the only thing i found on messages file is kernel: ata1.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x7fffffff SErr 0x0 action 0x0 The server is built recently Please let us know what is the problem the hard disk details are Model Number: ST500NM0011 Serial Number: Z1M02LT7 Firmware Revision: SN02

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• How to add usbnet driver to the Linux kernel?

  - by StackedCrooked

  I want to add usb network support to a real-time Linux distribution we're using at work. USB devices are recognized, but when connecting a usb network adapter no network interface is created. From what I've read this requires recompiling the kernel build with usbnet support enabled. I don't mind doing this, but the problem is that I can't seem to find any instructions on how to do this. Can anyone point me in the right direction?

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• How to make sure that grub does use menu.lst?

  - by Glen S. Dalton

  On my Ubuntu 9.04 ("Karmic") laptop I suspect grub does not use the /boot/grub/menu.lst file. What happens on boot is that I see a blank screen and nothing happens. When I press ESC I see a boot list which is different from what I would expect from the menu.lst file. The menu lines are different and when I choose the first entry it does not use the kernel options that are in the first entry in menu.lst. Where do the entries that grub uses come from? How can I find out what happens, is there a log? I could not find anything in /var/log/syslog or /var/log/dmesg about grub using a menu.lst. How can I set it to work like expected? Some Files: $ sudo ls -la /boot/grub/*lst -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1558 2009-12-12 15:25 /boot/grub/command.lst -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 121 2009-12-12 15:25 /boot/grub/fs.lst -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 272 2009-12-12 15:25 /boot/grub/handler.lst -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4576 2010-03-19 11:26 /boot/grub/menu.lst -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1657 2009-12-12 15:25 /boot/grub/moddep.lst -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 62 2009-12-12 15:25 /boot/grub/partmap.lst -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 22 2009-12-12 15:25 /boot/grub/parttool.lst $ sudo ls -la /vm* lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 30 2009-12-12 16:15 /vmlinuz -> boot/vmlinuz-2.6.31-16-generic lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 30 2009-12-12 14:07 /vmlinuz.old -> boot/vmlinuz-2.6.31-14-generic $ sudo ls -la /init* lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 33 2009-12-12 16:15 /initrd.img -> boot/initrd.img-2.6.31-16-generic lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 33 2009-12-12 14:07 /initrd.img.old -> boot/initrd.img-2.6.31-14-generic The only menu.lst that I found: $ sudo find / -name "menu.lst" /boot/grub/menu.lst $ sudo cat /boot/grub/menu.lst # menu.lst - See: grub(8), info grub, update-grub(8) # grub-install(8), grub-floppy(8), # grub-md5-crypt, /usr/share/doc/grub # and /usr/share/doc/grub-doc/. ## default num # Set the default entry to the entry number NUM. Numbering starts from 0, and # the entry number 0 is the default if the command is not used. # # You can specify 'saved' instead of a number. In this case, the default entry # is the entry saved with the command 'savedefault'. # WARNING: If you are using dmraid do not use 'savedefault' or your # array will desync and will not let you boot your system. default 0 ## timeout sec # Set a timeout, in SEC seconds, before automatically booting the default entry # (normally the first entry defined). timeout 3 ## hiddenmenu # Hides the menu by default (press ESC to see the menu) #hiddenmenu # Pretty colours color cyan/blue white/blue ## password ['--md5'] passwd # If used in the first section of a menu file, disable all interactive editing # control (menu entry editor and command-line) and entries protected by the # command 'lock' # e.g. password topsecret # password --md5 $1$gLhU0/$aW78kHK1QfV3P2b2znUoe/ # password topsecret # examples # # title Windows 95/98/NT/2000 # root (hd0,0) # makeactive # chainloader +1 # # title Linux # root (hd0,1) # kernel /vmlinuz root=/dev/hda2 ro # Put static boot stanzas before and/or after AUTOMAGIC KERNEL LIST ### BEGIN AUTOMAGIC KERNELS LIST ## lines between the AUTOMAGIC KERNELS LIST markers will be modified ## by the debian update-grub script except for the default options below ## DO NOT UNCOMMENT THEM, Just edit them to your needs ## ## Start Default Options ## ## default kernel options ## default kernel options for automagic boot options ## If you want special options for specific kernels use kopt_x_y_z ## where x.y.z is kernel version. Minor versions can be omitted. ## e.g. kopt=root=/dev/hda1 ro ## kopt_2_6_8=root=/dev/hdc1 ro ## kopt_2_6_8_2_686=root=/dev/hdc2 ro # kopt=root=UUID=9b454298-18e1-43f7-a5bc-f56e7ed5f9c6 ro noresume ## default grub root device ## e.g. groot=(hd0,0) # groot=70fcd2b0-0ee0-4fe6-9acb-322ef74c1cdf ## should update-grub create alternative automagic boot options ## e.g. alternative=true ## alternative=false # alternative=true ## should update-grub lock alternative automagic boot options ## e.g. lockalternative=true ## lockalternative=false # lockalternative=false ## additional options to use with the default boot option, but not with the ## alternatives ## e.g. defoptions=vga=791 resume=/dev/hda5 ## defoptions=quiet splash # defoptions=apm=on acpi=off ## should update-grub lock old automagic boot options ## e.g. lockold=false ## lockold=true # lockold=false ## Xen hypervisor options to use with the default Xen boot option # xenhopt= ## Xen Linux kernel options to use with the default Xen boot option # xenkopt=console=tty0 ## altoption boot targets option ## multiple altoptions lines are allowed ## e.g. altoptions=(extra menu suffix) extra boot options ## altoptions=(recovery) single # altoptions=(recovery mode) single ## controls how many kernels should be put into the menu.lst ## only counts the first occurence of a kernel, not the ## alternative kernel options ## e.g. howmany=all ## howmany=7 # howmany=all ## specify if running in Xen domU or have grub detect automatically ## update-grub will ignore non-xen kernels when running in domU and vice versa ## e.g. indomU=detect ## indomU=true ## indomU=false # indomU=detect ## should update-grub create memtest86 boot option ## e.g. memtest86=true ## memtest86=false # memtest86=true ## should update-grub adjust the value of the default booted system ## can be true or false # updatedefaultentry=false ## should update-grub add savedefault to the default options ## can be true or false # savedefault=false ## ## End Default Options ## title Ubuntu 9.10, kernel 2.6.31-14-generic noresume uuid 70fcd2b0-0ee0-4fe6-9acb-322ef74c1cdf kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.31-14-generic root=UUID=9b454298-18e1-43f7-a5bc-f56e7ed5f9c6 ro quiet splash apm=on acpi=off noresume initrd /initrd.img-2.6.31-14-generic title Ubuntu 9.10, kernel 2.6.31-14-generic (recovery mode) uuid 70fcd2b0-0ee0-4fe6-9acb-322ef74c1cdf kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.31-14-generic root=UUID=9b454298-18e1-43f7-a5bc-f56e7ed5f9c6 ro sing le initrd /initrd.img-2.6.31-14-generic title Ubuntu 9.10, memtest86+ uuid 70fcd2b0-0ee0-4fe6-9acb-322ef74c1cdf kernel /memtest86+.bin ### END DEBIAN AUTOMAGIC KERNELS LIST These are the choices that grub displays after i press ESC: Ubuntu, Linux 2-6-31-16-generic Ubuntu, Linux 2-6-31-16-generic (recovery mode) Ubuntu, Linux 2-6-31-14-generic Ubuntu, Linux 2-6-31-14-generic (recovery mode) Memory test (memtest86+) Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)

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• Adding a mini admin to a webpage.

  - by DADU

  Hello Picture this: you are creating a little module that people can incorporate into their website easily, for example, a little contact form. It would consist of a PHP file that outputs some HTML, a Javascript file (ajax etc.), a CSS file and a CSS skin. Now the person who doesn't know much about coding wants to integrate it on a webpage (website/index.php). We could do this with three rules of code: <link rel="stylesheet" href="module/css/module.css" /> <script src="module/js/module.js"></script> <?php require_once 'module/module.php'; ?> There's no doubt this part is questionable, right? Now when we want to add an admin for this little module, there are two options: Accessing the admin via an extra URL like website/module/admin.php and after authentication, displaying a page where the person can do all the settings. The person then goes back to index.php to see the results. Enabling the admin via an extra URL like website/module/admin.php and after authentication, redirecting back to index.php. The person can now edit the module directly (HTML5 contenteditable) and see changes live, on the webpage where everybody else will see it when the person saves the changes. Option 2 has a couple of advantages: The person doesn't have to toggle between admin and index.php. The person can see directly how it's looking at the webpage it's integrated in. The person probably feels like the module is more part of the webpage/website. Of course option 2 has some disadvantages too: Not everything works well editing it inline. The person would need to have an HTML5 compliant browser. Probably some more I can't think of right now. Now I have a few concerns that's I can't seem to see a clear answer to. How would we let the person integrate the admin on their webpage? The admin files only need to be included in index.php if the person has choosen to edit the module via the url (website/module/admin.php). But how can we do this if we have a admin.css file that belongs in the head section, an admin.php file that goes into the body, and another admin.js file that's included at the end of the body? How would we know the file that admin.php needs to redirect back to, after authentication? index.php could be any webpage with any name. Any real life website/web apps examples using this principle are welcome too. If there's something unclear, I am glad to add additional info.

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• cannot delete IPv6 default gateway

  - by NulledPointer

  The commands below should be pretty self-explanatory. Please note that the route for which i get failure is obtained by RA and has very less expiry ( e Flag in UDAe). @vm:~$ ip -6 route 2001:4860:4001:800::1002 via fe80::20c:29ff:fe87:f9e7 dev eth1 proto static metric 1024 2001:4860:4001:800::1003 via fe80::20c:29ff:fe87:f9e7 dev eth1 proto static metric 1024 2001:4860:4001:800::1005 via fe80::20c:29ff:fe87:f9e7 dev eth1 proto static metric 1024 2001:4860:4001:803::100e via fe80::20c:29ff:fe87:f9e7 dev eth1 proto static metric 1024 fd00:ffff:ffff:fff1::/64 dev eth1 proto kernel metric 256 expires 2592300sec fe80::/64 dev eth1 proto kernel metric 256 default via fe80::20c:29ff:fe87:f9e7 dev eth1 proto static metric 1 default via fe80::20c:29ff:fe87:f9e7 dev eth1 proto kernel metric 1024 expires 1776sec @vm:~$ @vm:~$ @vm:~$ @vm:~$ sudo route -6 delete default gw fe80::20c:29ff:fe87:f9e7 @vm:~$ ip -6 route 2001:4860:4001:800::1002 via fe80::20c:29ff:fe87:f9e7 dev eth1 proto static metric 1024 2001:4860:4001:800::1003 via fe80::20c:29ff:fe87:f9e7 dev eth1 proto static metric 1024 2001:4860:4001:800::1005 via fe80::20c:29ff:fe87:f9e7 dev eth1 proto static metric 1024 2001:4860:4001:803::100e via fe80::20c:29ff:fe87:f9e7 dev eth1 proto static metric 1024 fd00:ffff:ffff:fff1::/64 dev eth1 proto kernel metric 256 expires 2592279sec fe80::/64 dev eth1 proto kernel metric 256 default via fe80::20c:29ff:fe87:f9e7 dev eth1 proto kernel metric 1024 expires 1755sec @vm:~$ @vm:~$ @vm:~$ sudo route -6 delete ::/0 gw fe80::20c:29ff:fe87:f9e7 dev eth1 SIOCDELRT: No such process @vm:~$ @vm:~$ @vm:~$ route -n6 Kernel IPv6 routing table Destination Next Hop Flag Met Ref Use If 2001:4860:4001:800::1002/128 fe80::20c:29ff:fe87:f9e7 UG 1024 0 0 eth1 2001:4860:4001:800::1003/128 fe80::20c:29ff:fe87:f9e7 UG 1024 0 0 eth1 2001:4860:4001:800::1005/128 fe80::20c:29ff:fe87:f9e7 UG 1024 0 0 eth1 2001:4860:4001:803::100e/128 fe80::20c:29ff:fe87:f9e7 UG 1024 0 0 eth1 fd00:ffff:ffff:fff1::/64 :: UAe 256 0 0 eth1 fe80::/64 :: U 256 0 0 eth1 ::/0 fe80::20c:29ff:fe87:f9e7 UGDAe 1024 0 0 eth1 ::/0 :: !n -1 1 349 lo ::1/128 :: Un 0 1 3 lo fd00:ffff:ffff:fff1:a00:27ff:fe7f:7245/128 :: Un 0 1 0 lo fd00:ffff:ffff:fff1:fce8:ce07:b9ea:389f/128 :: Un 0 1 0 lo fe80::a00:27ff:fe7f:7245/128 :: Un 0 1 0 lo ff00::/8 :: U 256 0 0 eth1 ::/0 :: !n -1 1 349 lo @vm:~$ UPDATE: Another question is whats the use of link local address as the default route?

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• Remote reboot over ssh does not restart

  - by Finn Årup Nielsen

  I would like to remotely reboot my Ubuntu 12.04 LTS server via ssh. I do sudo reboot and I loose connection and the server connection does not reappear. It does not ping. When I go the the physical computer with a screen attached I see a black screen and hear that the server is still on. I do a hard power off (press power on button for a few seconds) and the server halts. After I press power on the server boots with no problem. As far as I remember the remote reboot has previously worked on that server. I wonder if sudo reboot & will help? I suppose I could also try sudo shutdown -r and see if that does any difference. I have listed an excerpt of /etc/log/syslog below. The last thing it records is the stopping of the logging. Oct 24 10:14:49 servername kernel: [1354427.594709] init: cron main process (1060) killed by TERM signal Oct 24 10:14:49 servername kernel: [1354427.594908] init: irqbalance main process (1080) killed by TERM signal Oct 24 10:14:49 servername kernel: [1354427.595299] init: tty1 main process (1424) killed by TERM signal Oct 24 10:14:49 servername kernel: [1354427.637747] init: plymouth-upstart-bridge main process (20873) terminated with status 1 Oct 24 10:14:49 servername kernel: Kernel logging (proc) stopped. Oct 24 10:14:49 servername rsyslogd: [origin software="rsyslogd" swVersion="5.8.6" x-pid="876" x-info="http://www.rsyslog.com"] exiting on signal 15. Oct 24 10:25:34 servername kernel: imklog 5.8.6, log source = /proc/kmsg started. Oct 24 10:25:34 servername rsyslogd: [origin software="rsyslogd" swVersion="5.8.6" x-pid="862" x-info="http://www.rsyslog.com"] start

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• Add Windows 7 to boot menu

  - by Cumatru

  Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 13 102400 7 HPFS/NTFS - system restore /dev/sda2 13 4674 37436416 7 HPFS/NTFS - Windows 7 /dev/sda3 4674 58843 435116032 7 HPFS/NTFS - data storage /dev/sda4 58843 60802 15728640 83 Linux - Ubuntu 10.10 Initially i´ve installed StartUpManager. This ( i think ) added another 4 instances of Linux + memtest to my boot menu list. Altough, i din´t see any boot menu. It boots into Ubuntu after a few seconds. I´ve tried to add windows 7, but i did not succeed. This is a part of my menu.lst file. title Ubuntu 10.10, kernel 2.6.35-24-generic uuid 1c9748e2-2f11-4a6c-91c0-7310d48c4a7a kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.35-24-generic root=UUID=1c9748e2-2f11-4a6c-91c0-7310d48c4a7a ro quiet splash initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.35-24-generic title Chainload into GRUB 2 root 1c9748e2-2f11-4a6c-91c0-7310d48c4a7a kernel /boot/grub/core.img title Ubuntu 10.10, memtest86+ uuid 1c9748e2-2f11-4a6c-91c0-7310d48c4a7a kernel /boot/memtest86+.bin menuentry “Windows 7? { set root=(hd0,2) chainloader +1 } And this is after a upgrade-grub Searching for GRUB installation directory ... found: /boot/grub Searching for default file ... found: /boot/grub/default Testing for an existing GRUB menu.lst file ... found: /boot/grub/menu.lst Searching for splash image ... none found, skipping ... Found kernel: /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.35-24-generic Found kernel: /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.35-22-generic Found GRUB 2: /boot/grub/core.img Found kernel: /boot/memtest86+.bin Updating /boot/grub/menu.lst ... done Later Edit: Ive added the following in 40_custom from /etc/grub.d/ and ive decommented hidden menu line from menu.lst, but i still cant see any boot menu. Ive also tried to press ESC and SHIFT. menuentry "Windows 7 (loader) (on /dev/sda1)" { insmod part_msdos insmod ntfs set root='(hd0,msdos1)' chainloader +1 } menuentry "Windows 7 (loader) (on /dev/sda1)" { insmod part_msdos insmod ntfs set root='(hd0,msdos0)' chainloader +1 } menuentry "Windows 7 (loader) (on /dev/sda1)" { set root= hd(0,0) chainloader +1 } menuentry "!Windows 7 (loader) (on /dev/sda1)" { set root= hd(0,1) chainloader +1 } menuentry "!!Windows 7 (loader) (on /dev/sda1)" { set root= hd(0,2) chainloader +1 }

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• Mixing Forms and Token Authentication in a single ASP.NET Application (the Details)

  - by Your DisplayName here!

  The scenario described in my last post works because of the design around HTTP modules in ASP.NET. Authentication related modules (like Forms authentication and WIF WS-Fed/Sessions) typically subscribe to three events in the pipeline – AuthenticateRequest/PostAuthenticateRequest for pre-processing and EndRequest for post-processing (like making redirects to a login page). In the pre-processing stage it is the modules’ job to determine the identity of the client based on incoming HTTP details (like a header, cookie, form post) and set HttpContext.User and Thread.CurrentPrincipal. The actual page (in the ExecuteHandler event) “sees” the identity that the last module has set. So in our case there are three modules in effect: FormsAuthenticationModule (AuthenticateRequest, EndRequest) WSFederationAuthenticationModule (AuthenticateRequest, PostAuthenticateRequest, EndRequest) SessionAuthenticationModule (AuthenticateRequest, PostAuthenticateRequest) So let’s have a look at the different scenario we have when mixing Forms auth and WS-Federation. Anoymous request to unprotected resource This is the easiest case. Since there is no WIF session cookie or a FormsAuth cookie, these modules do nothing. The WSFed module creates an anonymous ClaimsPrincipal and calls the registered ClaimsAuthenticationManager (if any) to transform it. The result (by default an anonymous ClaimsPrincipal) gets set. Anonymous request to FormsAuth protected resource This is the scenario where an anonymous user tries to access a FormsAuth protected resource for the first time. The principal is anonymous and before the page gets rendered, the Authorize attribute kicks in. The attribute determines that the user needs authentication and therefor sets a 401 status code and ends the request. Now execution jumps to the EndRequest event, where the FormsAuth module takes over. The module then converts the 401 to a redirect (302) to the forms login page. If authentication is successful, the login page sets the FormsAuth cookie.   FormsAuth authenticated request to a FormsAuth protected resource Now a FormsAuth cookie is present, which gets validated by the FormsAuth module. This cookie gets turned into a GenericPrincipal/FormsIdentity combination. The WS-Fed module turns the principal into a ClaimsPrincipal and calls the registered ClaimsAuthenticationManager. The outcome of that gets set on the context. Anonymous request to STS protected resource This time the anonymous user tries to access an STS protected resource (a controller decorated with the RequireTokenAuthentication attribute). The attribute determines that the user needs STS authentication by checking the authentication type on the current principal. If this is not Federation, the redirect to the STS will be made. After successful authentication at the STS, the STS posts the token back to the application (using WS-Federation syntax). Postback from STS authentication After the postback, the WS-Fed module finds the token response and validates the contained token. If successful, the token gets transformed by the ClaimsAuthenticationManager, and the outcome is a) stored in a session cookie, and b) set on the context. STS authenticated request to an STS protected resource This time the WIF Session authentication module kicks in because it can find the previously issued session cookie. The module re-hydrates the ClaimsPrincipal from the cookie and sets it.     FormsAuth and STS authenticated request to a protected resource This is kind of an odd case – e.g. the user first authenticated using Forms and after that using the STS. This time the FormsAuth module does its work, and then afterwards the session module stomps over the context with the session principal. In other words, the STS identity wins.   What about roles? A common way to set roles in ASP.NET is to use the role manager feature. There is a corresponding HTTP module for that (RoleManagerModule) that handles PostAuthenticateRequest. Does this collide with the above combinations? No it doesn’t! When the WS-Fed module turns existing principals into a ClaimsPrincipal (like it did with the FormsIdentity), it also checks for RolePrincipal (which is the principal type created by role manager), and turns the roles in role claims. Nice! But as you can see in the last scenario above, this might result in unnecessary work, so I would rather recommend consolidating all role work (and other claims transformations) into the ClaimsAuthenticationManager. In there you can check for the authentication type of the incoming principal and act accordingly. HTH

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• Why is my HDD going back from standy?

  - by Pablo

  My hard drives, connected to Ubuntu server are producing the following log every exactly 5 minutes. Nov 1 14:10:50 localhost kernel: [ 1602.884936] ata2.00: hard resetting link Nov 1 14:10:51 localhost kernel: [ 1603.226804] ata2.01: hard resetting link Nov 1 14:10:52 localhost kernel: [ 1604.274533] ata2.00: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300) Nov 1 14:10:52 localhost kernel: [ 1604.274548] ata2.01: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300) Nov 1 14:10:52 localhost kernel: [ 1604.356669] ata2.00: configured for UDMA/133 Nov 1 14:10:52 localhost kernel: [ 1604.375247] ata2.01: configured for UDMA/133 Nov 1 14:10:52 localhost kernel: [ 1604.375265] ata2: EH complete I don't think this is related to hard drive failure, because it happens for ALL hard drives connected and ONLY when I write spindown_time = 12 in /etc/hdparm.conf. The reason I add this value is to put disks into standby mode after 60 seconds, which is happening after that period (checked with hdparm -C). The first clue I thought that smartd was running and spinning the drive. However, I couldn't find it in ps -aux | grep smart. Additionally, iostat does show that nobody accessed those drives, since Blk_read, Blk_wrtn remain unchanged. I also killed all processes that may be doing something with hdd(eg SAMBA). So I guess the problem is solely with hdparm... I have no more clue where that 5 minute value hides.

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• Introducing RedPatch

  - by timhill

  The Ksplice team is happy to announce the public availability of one of our git repositories, RedPatch. RedPatch contains the source for all of the changes Red Hat makes to their kernel, one commit per fix and we've published it on oss.oracle.com/git. With RedPatch, you can access the broken-out patches using git, browse them online via gitweb, and freely redistribute the source under the terms of the GPL. This is the same policy we provide for Oracle Linux and the Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel (UEK). Users can freely access the source, view the commit logs and easily identify the changes that are relevant to their environments. To understand why we've created this project we'll need a little history. In early 2011, Red Hat changed how they released their kernel source, going from a tarball that had individual patch files to shipping the kernel source as one giant tarball with a single patch for all Red Hat-introduced changes. For most people who work in the kernel this is merely an inconvenience; driver developers and other out-of-kernel module developers can see the end result to make sure their module still performs as expected. For Ksplice, we build individual updates for each change and rely on source patches that are broken-out, not a giant tarball. Otherwise, we wouldn’t be able to take the right patches to create individual updates for each fix, and to skip over the noise — like a change that speeds up bootup — which is unnecessary for an already-running system. We’ve been taking the monolithic Red Hat patch tarball and breaking it into smaller commits internally ever since they introduced this change. At Oracle, we feel everyone in the Linux community can benefit from the work we already do to get our jobs done, so now we’re sharing these broken-out patches publicly. In addition to RedPatch, the complete source code for Oracle Linux and the Oracle Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel (UEK) is available from both ULN and our public yum server, including all security errata. Check out RedPatch and subscribe to [email protected] for discussion about the project. Also, drop us a line and let us know how you're using RedPatch!

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• Capturing stdout from an imported module in wxpython and sending it to a textctrl, without blocking the GUI

  - by splafe

  There are alot of very similar questions to this but I can't find one that applies specifically to what I'm trying to do. I have a simulation (written in SimPy) that I'm writing a GUI for, the main output of the simulation is text - to the console from 'print' statements. Now, I thought the simplest way would be to create a seperate module GUI.py, and import my simulation program into it: import osi_model I want all the print statements to be captured by the GUI and appear inside a Textctrl, which there's countless examples of on here, along these lines: class MyFrame(wx.Frame): def __init__(self, *args, **kwds): <general frame initialisation stuff..> redir=RedirectText(self.txtCtrl_1) sys.stdout=redir class RedirectText: def __init__(self,aWxTextCtrl): self.out=aWxTextCtrl def write(self,string): self.out.WriteText(string) I am also starting my simulation from a 'Go' button: def go_btn_click(self, event): print 'GO' self.RT = threading.Thread(target=osi_model.RunThis()) self.RT.start() This all works fine, and the output from the simulation module is captured by the TextCtrl, except the GUI locks up and becomes unresponsive - I still need it to be accessible (at the very minimum to have a 'Stop' button). I'm not sure if this is a botched attempt at creating a new thread that I've done here, but I assume a new thread will be needed at some stage in this process. People suggest using wx.CallAfter, but I'm not sure how to go about this considering the imported module doesn't know about wx, and also I can't realistically go through the entire simulation architecture and change all the print statements to wx.CallAfter, and any attempt to capture the shell from inside the imported simulation program leads to the program crashing. Does anybody have any ideas about how I can best achieve this? So all I really need is for all console text to be captured by a TextCtrl while the GUI remains responsive, and all text is solely coming from an imported module. (Also, secondary question regarding a Stop button - is it bad form to just kill the simulation thread?). Thanks, Duncan

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• j_security_check to SSO in different module under Oracle App Server?

  - by thebearinboulder

  I have an existing j2ee application running on Oracle App Server. It is targeted towards paying customers so the content is secured and a SSO module properly intercepts all requests for secured content. Now the company is adding a unbranded public-facing module with a number of unsecured pages. At one point the user is expected to register for a free account and log in to proceed further. Think doctors adding a public-facing site with information for potential patients, or lawyers adding a public-facing site with information for potential clients. There's some information on the session and the usual approach would be to authenticate the user, persist the session information using the now-known user id, invalidate the existing session (to prevent certain types of attacks), the reload the session information before returning to the user. I can't just persist it under the session id since that's about to change. The glitch is that the existing application already has an SSO module and I get a 404 error every time I try to direct to j_security_check. I've tried that, /sso/j_security_check, even http://localhost/sso/j_security_check, all without success. I noticed that an earlier question said that tomcat requires access to a secured page before j_security_check is even visible. I don't know if that's the case with Oracle AS. Ideas? Or is the best approach to continue arguing that we have a different user base so it would be better to handle authentication in our own module anyway?

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