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UITableView not displaying parsed data

- by Graeme

I have a UITableView which is setup in Interface Builder and connected properly to its class in Xcode. I also have a "Importer" Class which downloads and parses an RSS feed and stores the information in an NSMutableArray. However I have verified the parsing is working properly (using breakpoints and NSlog) but no data is showing in the UITable View. Any ideas as to what the problem could be? I'm almost out of them. It's based on the XML performance Apple example. Here's the code for TableView.h: #import <UIKit/UIKit.h> #import "IncidentsImporter.h" @class SongDetailsController; @interface CurrentIncidentsTableViewController : UITableViewController <IncidentsImporterDelegate>{ NSMutableArray *incidents; SongDetailsController *detailController; UITableView *ctableView; IncidentsImporter *parser; } @property (nonatomic, retain) NSMutableArray *incidents; @property (nonatomic, retain, readonly) SongDetailsController *detailController; @property (nonatomic, retain) IncidentsImporter *parser; @property (nonatomic, retain) IBOutlet UITableView *ctableView; // Called by the ParserChoiceViewController based on the selected parser type. - (void)beginParsing; @end And the code for .m: #import "CurrentIncidentsTableViewController.h" #import "SongDetailsController.h" #import "Incident.h" @implementation CurrentIncidentsTableViewController @synthesize ctableView, incidents, parser, detailController; #pragma mark - #pragma mark View lifecycle - (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad]; self.parser = [[IncidentsImporter alloc] init]; parser.delegate = self; [parser start]; UIBarButtonItem *refreshButton = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithBarButtonSystemItem:UIBarButtonSystemItemRefresh target:self action:@selector(beginParsing)]; self.navigationItem.rightBarButtonItem = refreshButton; [refreshButton release]; // Uncomment the following line to preserve selection between presentations. //self.clearsSelectionOnViewWillAppear = NO; // Uncomment the following line to display an Edit button in the navigation bar for this view controller. // self.navigationItem.rightBarButtonItem = self.editButtonItem; } - (void)viewWillAppear:(BOOL)animated { NSIndexPath *selectedRowIndexPath = [ctableView indexPathForSelectedRow]; if (selectedRowIndexPath != nil) { [ctableView deselectRowAtIndexPath:selectedRowIndexPath animated:NO]; } } // This method will be called repeatedly - once each time the user choses to parse. - (void)beginParsing { NSLog(@"Parsing has begun"); //self.navigationItem.rightBarButtonItem.enabled = NO; // Allocate the array for song storage, or empty the results of previous parses if (incidents == nil) { NSLog(@"Grabbing array"); self.incidents = [NSMutableArray array]; } else { [incidents removeAllObjects]; [ctableView reloadData]; } // Create the parser, set its delegate, and start it. self.parser = [[IncidentsImporter alloc] init]; parser.delegate = self; [parser start]; } /* - (void)viewDidAppear:(BOOL)animated { [super viewDidAppear:animated]; } */ /* - (void)viewWillDisappear:(BOOL)animated { [super viewWillDisappear:animated]; } */ /* - (void)viewDidDisappear:(BOOL)animated { [super viewDidDisappear:animated]; } */ - (BOOL)shouldAutorotateToInterfaceOrientation:(UIInterfaceOrientation)interfaceOrientation { // Override to allow orientations other than the default portrait orientation. return YES; } #pragma mark - #pragma mark Table view data source - (NSInteger)numberOfSectionsInTableView:(UITableView *)tableView { // Return the number of sections. return 1; } - (NSInteger)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView numberOfRowsInSection:(NSInteger)section { // Return the number of rows in the section. return [incidents count]; } // Customize the appearance of table view cells. - (UITableViewCell *)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView cellForRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath { NSLog(@"Table Cell Sought"); static NSString *kCellIdentifier = @"MyCell"; UITableViewCell *cell = [ctableView dequeueReusableCellWithIdentifier:kCellIdentifier]; if (cell == nil) { cell = [[[UITableViewCell alloc] initWithStyle:UITableViewCellStyleDefault reuseIdentifier:kCellIdentifier] autorelease]; cell.textLabel.font = [UIFont boldSystemFontOfSize:14.0]; cell.accessoryType = UITableViewCellAccessoryDisclosureIndicator; } cell.textLabel.text = @"Test";//[[incidents objectAtIndex:indexPath.row] title]; return cell; } /* // Override to support conditional editing of the table view. - (BOOL)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView canEditRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath { // Return NO if you do not want the specified item to be editable. return YES; } */ /* // Override to support editing the table view. - (void)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView commitEditingStyle:(UITableViewCellEditingStyle)editingStyle forRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath { if (editingStyle == UITableViewCellEditingStyleDelete) { // Delete the row from the data source [tableView deleteRowsAtIndexPaths:[NSArray arrayWithObject:indexPath] withRowAnimation:YES]; } else if (editingStyle == UITableViewCellEditingStyleInsert) { // Create a new instance of the appropriate class, insert it into the array, and add a new row to the table view } } */ /* // Override to support rearranging the table view. - (void)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView moveRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)fromIndexPath toIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)toIndexPath { } */ /* // Override to support conditional rearranging of the table view. - (BOOL)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView canMoveRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath { // Return NO if you do not want the item to be re-orderable. return YES; } */ #pragma mark - #pragma mark Table view delegate - (void)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView didSelectRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath { self.detailController.incident = [incidents objectAtIndex:indexPath.row]; [self.navigationController pushViewController:self.detailController animated:YES]; } #pragma mark - #pragma mark Memory management - (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning { // Releases the view if it doesn't have a superview. [super didReceiveMemoryWarning]; // Relinquish ownership any cached data, images, etc that aren't in use. } - (void)viewDidUnload { // Relinquish ownership of anything that can be recreated in viewDidLoad or on demand. // For example: self.myOutlet = nil; } - (void)parserDidEndParsingData:(IncidentsImporter *)parser { [ctableView reloadData]; self.navigationItem.rightBarButtonItem.enabled = YES; self.parser = nil; } - (void)parser:(IncidentsImporter *)parser didParseIncidents:(NSArray *)parsedIncidents { //[incidents addObjectsFromArray: parsedIncidents]; // Three scroll view properties are checked to keep the user interface smooth during parse. When new objects are delivered by the parser, the table view is reloaded to display them. If the table is reloaded while the user is scrolling, this can result in eratic behavior. dragging, tracking, and decelerating can be checked for this purpose. When the parser finishes, reloadData will be called in parserDidEndParsingData:, guaranteeing that all data will ultimately be displayed even if reloadData is not called in this method because of user interaction. if (!ctableView.dragging && !ctableView.tracking && !ctableView.decelerating) { self.title = [NSString stringWithFormat:NSLocalizedString(@"Top %d Songs", @"Top Songs format"), [parsedIncidents count]]; [ctableView reloadData]; } } - (void)parser:(IncidentsImporter *)parser didFailWithError:(NSError *)error { // handle errors as appropriate to your application... } - (void)dealloc { [super dealloc]; } @end

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Why is UITableView not reloading (even on the main thread)?

- by radesix

I have two programs that basically do the same thing. They read an XML feed and parse the elements. The design of both programs is to use an asynchronous NSURLConnection to get the data then to spawn a new thread to handle the parsing. As batches of 5 items are parsed it calls back to the main thread to reload the UITableView. My issue is it works fine in one program, but not the other. I know that the parsing is actually occuring on the background thread and I know that [tableView reloadData] is executing on the main thread; however, it doesn't reload the table until all parsing is complete. I'm stumped. As far as I can tell... both programs are structured exactly the same way. Here is some code from the app that isn't working correctly. - (void)startConnectionWithURL:(NSString *)feedURL feedList:(NSMutableArray *)list { self.feedList = list; // Use NSURLConnection to asynchronously download the data. This means the main thread will not be blocked - the // application will remain responsive to the user. // // IMPORTANT! The main thread of the application should never be blocked! Also, avoid synchronous network access on any thread. // NSURLRequest *feedURLRequest = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:feedURL]]; self.bloggerFeedConnection = [[[NSURLConnection alloc] initWithRequest:feedURLRequest delegate:self] autorelease]; // Test the validity of the connection object. The most likely reason for the connection object to be nil is a malformed // URL, which is a programmatic error easily detected during development. If the URL is more dynamic, then you should // implement a more flexible validation technique, and be able to both recover from errors and communicate problems // to the user in an unobtrusive manner. NSAssert(self.bloggerFeedConnection != nil, @"Failure to create URL connection."); // Start the status bar network activity indicator. We'll turn it off when the connection finishes or experiences an error. [UIApplication sharedApplication].networkActivityIndicatorVisible = YES; } - (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveResponse:(NSURLResponse *)response { self.bloggerData = [NSMutableData data]; } - (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveData:(NSData *)data { [bloggerData appendData:data]; } - (void)connectionDidFinishLoading:(NSURLConnection *)connection { self.bloggerFeedConnection = nil; [UIApplication sharedApplication].networkActivityIndicatorVisible = NO; // Spawn a thread to fetch the link data so that the UI is not blocked while the application parses the XML data. // // IMPORTANT! - Don't access UIKit objects on secondary threads. // [NSThread detachNewThreadSelector:@selector(parseFeedData:) toTarget:self withObject:bloggerData]; // farkData will be retained by the thread until parseFarkData: has finished executing, so we no longer need // a reference to it in the main thread. self.bloggerData = nil; } If you read this from the top down you can see when the NSURLConnection is finished I detach a new thread and call parseFeedData. - (void)parseFeedData:(NSData *)data { // You must create a autorelease pool for all secondary threads. NSAutoreleasePool *pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init]; self.currentParseBatch = [NSMutableArray array]; self.currentParsedCharacterData = [NSMutableString string]; self.feedList = [NSMutableArray array]; // // It's also possible to have NSXMLParser download the data, by passing it a URL, but this is not desirable // because it gives less control over the network, particularly in responding to connection errors. // NSXMLParser *parser = [[NSXMLParser alloc] initWithData:data]; [parser setDelegate:self]; [parser parse]; // depending on the total number of links parsed, the last batch might not have been a "full" batch, and thus // not been part of the regular batch transfer. So, we check the count of the array and, if necessary, send it to the main thread. if ([self.currentParseBatch count] > 0) { [self performSelectorOnMainThread:@selector(addLinksToList:) withObject:self.currentParseBatch waitUntilDone:NO]; } self.currentParseBatch = nil; self.currentParsedCharacterData = nil; [parser release]; [pool release]; } In the did end element delegate I check to see that 5 items have been parsed before calling the main thread to perform the update. - (void)parser:(NSXMLParser *)parser didEndElement:(NSString *)elementName namespaceURI:(NSString *)namespaceURI qualifiedName:(NSString *)qName { if ([elementName isEqualToString:kItemElementName]) { [self.currentParseBatch addObject:self.currentItem]; parsedItemsCounter++; if (parsedItemsCounter % kSizeOfItemBatch == 0) { [self performSelectorOnMainThread:@selector(addLinksToList:) withObject:self.currentParseBatch waitUntilDone:NO]; self.currentParseBatch = [NSMutableArray array]; } } // Stop accumulating parsed character data. We won't start again until specific elements begin. accumulatingParsedCharacterData = NO; } - (void)addLinksToList:(NSMutableArray *)links { [self.feedList addObjectsFromArray:links]; // The table needs to be reloaded to reflect the new content of the list. if (self.viewDelegate != nil && [self.viewDelegate respondsToSelector:@selector(parser:didParseBatch:)]) { [self.viewDelegate parser:self didParseBatch:links]; } } Finally, the UIViewController delegate: - (void)parser:(XMLFeedParser *)parser didParseBatch:(NSMutableArray *)parsedBatch { NSLog(@"parser:didParseBatch:"); [self.selectedBlogger.feedList addObjectsFromArray:parsedBatch]; [self.tableView reloadData]; } If I write to the log when my view controller delegate fires to reload the table and when cellForRowAtIndexPath fires as it's rebuilding the table then the log looks something like this: parser:didParseBatch: parser:didParseBatch: tableView:cellForRowAtIndexPath tableView:cellForRowAtIndexPath tableView:cellForRowAtIndexPath tableView:cellForRowAtIndexPath tableView:cellForRowAtIndexPath parser:didParseBatch: parser:didParseBatch: parser:didParseBatch: tableView:cellForRowAtIndexPath tableView:cellForRowAtIndexPath tableView:cellForRowAtIndexPath tableView:cellForRowAtIndexPath tableView:cellForRowAtIndexPath parser:didParseBatch: tableView:cellForRowAtIndexPath tableView:cellForRowAtIndexPath tableView:cellForRowAtIndexPath tableView:cellForRowAtIndexPath tableView:cellForRowAtIndexPath parser:didParseBatch: parser:didParseBatch: parser:didParseBatch: parser:didParseBatch: tableView:cellForRowAtIndexPath tableView:cellForRowAtIndexPath tableView:cellForRowAtIndexPath tableView:cellForRowAtIndexPath tableView:cellForRowAtIndexPath Clearly, the tableView is not reloading when I tell it to every time. The log from the app that works correctly looks like this: parser:didParseBatch: tableView:cellForRowAtIndexPath tableView:cellForRowAtIndexPath tableView:cellForRowAtIndexPath tableView:cellForRowAtIndexPath tableView:cellForRowAtIndexPath parser:didParseBatch: tableView:cellForRowAtIndexPath tableView:cellForRowAtIndexPath tableView:cellForRowAtIndexPath tableView:cellForRowAtIndexPath tableView:cellForRowAtIndexPath parser:didParseBatch: tableView:cellForRowAtIndexPath tableView:cellForRowAtIndexPath tableView:cellForRowAtIndexPath tableView:cellForRowAtIndexPath tableView:cellForRowAtIndexPath parser:didParseBatch: tableView:cellForRowAtIndexPath tableView:cellForRowAtIndexPath tableView:cellForRowAtIndexPath tableView:cellForRowAtIndexPath tableView:cellForRowAtIndexPath parser:didParseBatch: tableView:cellForRowAtIndexPath tableView:cellForRowAtIndexPath tableView:cellForRowAtIndexPath tableView:cellForRowAtIndexPath tableView:cellForRowAtIndexPath

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Create Downloadable CSV File from PHP Script

- by Aphex22

How would I create a formatted version of the following PHP script as a downloadable CSV file from the code below (1.0) At the moment the fputcsv function is currently dumping the unparsed PHP/HTML code into a CSV file. This is incorrect. The downloaded CSV file should contain the columns and rows generated from the code at (1.0) as shown in the image link below. I've tried using the following code at the top of the PHP file: // output headers so that the file is downloaded rather than displayed header('Content-Type: text/csv; charset=utf-8'); header('Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=amazon.csv'); // create a file pointer connected to the output stream $output = fopen('php://output', 'w'); $mysql_hostname = ""; $mysql_user = ""; $mysql_password = ""; $mysql_database = ""; $bd = mysql_connect($mysql_hostname, $mysql_user, $mysql_password) or die("Could not connect database"); mysql_select_db($mysql_database, $bd) or die("Could not select database"); $sql = "select * from product WHERE on_amazon = 'on' AND active = 'on'"; $result = mysql_query($sql) or die ( mysql_error() ); // loop over the rows, outputting them while ($sql_result = mysql_fetch_assoc($sql)) fputcsv($output, $sql_result); 1.0 The start of the code outputs the column headings for the CSV file: // set headers echo " item_sku, external_product_id, external_product_id_type, item_name, brand_name, manufacturer, product_description, feed_product_type, update_delete, part_number, model, standard_price, list_price, currency, quantity, product_tax_code, product_site_launch_date, merchant_release_date, restock_date ... <br>"; And then follows PHP script for the column values // load all stock while ($line = mysql_fetch_assoc($result) ) { ?> <?php $size_suffix = array ("",'_chain','_con_b','_con_c'); $arrayLength = count ($size_suffix); for($y=0;$y<$arrayLength;$y++) { //Possible size array to loop through when checking quantity $con_size = array (36,365,37,375,38,385,39,395,40,405,41,415,42,425,43,435,44,445,45,455,46,465,47,475,48,485); $arrlength=count($con_size); for($x=0;$x<$arrlength;$x++) { // check if size is available if($line['quantity_c_size_'.$con_size[$x].$size_suffix[$y]] > 0 ) { ?>  <?=$line['product_id']?>,  <?=$line['code_size_'.$con_size[$x].'']?>, <? // external product id type $barcode = $line['code_size_'.$con_size[$x]]; $trim_barcode = trim($barcode); $count = strlen($trim_barcode); if ($count == 12) { echo "UPC"; } if ($count == 13) { echo "EAN"; } elseif ($count < 12) { echo " "; } ?>,  <?=$line['title']?>, <? // brand_name $brand = $line['jys_brand']; echo ucfirst($brand); ?>, <? // manufacturer $brand = $line['jys_brand']; echo ucfirst($brand); ?>,  <?=preg_replace('/[^\da-z]/i', ' ', $line['amazon_desc']) ?>,  Shoes, , , ,  <?=$line['price']?>, ,  GBP,  <?=$line['quantity_size_'.$con_size[$x].$size_suffix[$y]]?>, ,  <?=$line['added_y']?>-<?=$line['added_m']?>-<?=$line['added_d']?>,  <?=$line['added_y']?>-<?=$line['added_m']?>-<?=$line['added_d']?>, , , , ,  1, , , , ,  2,  1, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,  http://www.getashoe.co.uk/full/<?=$line['product_id']?>_1.jpg, http://www.getashoe.co.uk/full/<?=$line['product_id']?>_2.jpg, http://www.getashoe.co.uk/full/<?=$line['product_id']?>_3.jpg, http://www.getashoe.co.uk/full/<?=$line['product_id']?>_4.jpg, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,  <?=$line['heel']?>, , , , , , , , , , ,  <?=$line['colour']?>,  <? $colour = preg_replace('/[()]/i', ' ', $line['colour']); if (preg_match( '/[\/].*/i', $colour)) { echo 'Multicolour'; } if (preg_match( '/off.*/i', $colour)) { echo 'Off-White'; } elseif( preg_match( '/white.*/i', $colour)) { echo 'White'; } elseif( preg_match( '/moro.*/i', $colour)) { echo 'Brown'; } elseif( preg_match( '/morado.*/i', $colour)) { echo 'Purple'; } elseif( preg_match( '/cream.*/i', $colour)) { echo 'Off-White'; } elseif( preg_match( '/pewter.*/i', $colour)) { echo 'Silver'; } elseif( preg_match( '/yellow.*/i', $colour)) { echo 'Yellow'; } elseif( preg_match( '/camel.*/i', $colour)) { echo 'Beige'; } elseif( preg_match( '/navy.*/i', $colour)) { echo 'Blue'; } elseif( preg_match( '/tan.*/i', $colour)) { echo 'Brown'; } elseif( preg_match( '/rainbow.*/i', $colour)) { echo 'Multicolour'; } elseif( preg_match( '/orange.*/i', $colour)) { echo 'Orange'; } elseif( preg_match( '/leopard.*/i', $colour)) { echo 'Multicolour'; } elseif( preg_match( '/red.*/i', $colour)) { echo 'Red'; } elseif( preg_match( '/pink.*/i', $colour)) { echo 'Pink'; } elseif( preg_match( '/purple.*/i', $colour)) { echo 'Purple'; } elseif( preg_match( '/blue.*/i', $colour)) { echo 'Blue'; } elseif( preg_match( '/green.*/i', $colour)) { echo 'Green'; } elseif( preg_match( '/brown.*/i', $colour)) { echo 'Brown'; } elseif( preg_match( '/grey.*/i', $colour)) { echo 'Grey'; } elseif( preg_match( '/black.*/i', $colour)) { echo 'Black'; } elseif( preg_match( '/gold.*/i', $colour)) { echo 'Gold'; } elseif( preg_match( '/silver.*/i', $colour)) { echo 'Silver'; } elseif( preg_match( '/multi.*/i', $colour)) { echo 'Multicolour'; } elseif( preg_match( '/beige.*/i', $colour)) { echo 'Beige'; } elseif( preg_match( '/nude.*/i', $colour)) { echo 'Beige'; } ?>,  <? echo $con_size[$x];?>,  <? if ($con_size[$x] == 36) { echo "3 UK"; } elseif ($con_size[$x] == 37 ) { echo "4 UK"; } elseif ($con_size[$x] == 38) { echo "5 UK"; } elseif ($con_size[$x] == 39 ) { echo "6 UK"; } elseif ($con_size[$x] == 40 ) { echo "7 UK"; } elseif ($con_size[$x] == 41) { echo "8 UK"; } elseif ($con_size[$x] == 42) { echo "9 UK"; } elseif ($con_size[$x] == 43) { echo "10 UK"; } elseif ($con_size[$x] == 44 ) { echo "11 UK"; } elseif ($con_size[$x] == 45 ) { echo "12 UK"; } elseif ($con_size[$x] == 46 ) { echo "13 UK"; } elseif ($con_size[$x] == 47 ) { echo "14 UK"; } elseif ($con_size[$x] == 48 ) { echo "15 UK"; } elseif ($con_size[$x] == 365) { echo "3.5 UK"; } elseif ($con_size[$x] == 375 ) { echo "4.5 UK"; } elseif ($con_size[$x] == 385) { echo "5.5 UK"; } elseif ($con_size[$x] == 395 ) { echo "6.5 UK"; } elseif ($con_size[$x] == 405 ) { echo "7.5 UK"; } elseif ($con_size[$x] == 415) { echo "8.5 UK"; } elseif ($con_size[$x] == 425) { echo "9.5 UK"; } elseif ($con_size[$x] == 435) { echo "10.5 UK"; } elseif ($con_size[$x] == 445 ) { echo "11.5 UK"; } elseif ($con_size[$x] == 455 ) { echo "12.5 UK"; } elseif ($con_size[$x] == 465 ) { echo "13.5 UK"; } elseif ($con_size[$x] == 475 ) { echo "14.5 UK"; } elseif ($con_size[$x] == 485 ) { echo "15.5 UK"; } ?>, <br> <? // finish checking if size is available } } } ?> I've included an image of how the CSV file should appear. https://i.imgur.com/ZU3IFer.png Any help would be great.

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Sending email to gmail account using c++ on windows error check

- by LCD Fire

I know this has been disscused a lot, but I I'm not asking how to do it, I'm just asking why it doesn't work. What I am doing wrong. It says that the email was sent succesfully but I don't see it in my inbox. I want to send an email to a gmail account, not through it. #include <iostream> #include <windows.h> #include <fstream> #include <conio.h> #pragma comment(lib, "ws2_32.lib") // Insist on at least Winsock v1.1 const int VERSION_MAJOR = 1; const int VERSION_MINOR = 1; #define CRLF "\r\n" // carriage-return/line feed pair using namespace std; // Basic error checking for send() and recv() functions void Check(int iStatus, char *szFunction) { if((iStatus != SOCKET_ERROR) && (iStatus)) return; cerr<< "Error during call to " << szFunction << ": " << iStatus << " - " << GetLastError() << endl; } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { int iProtocolPort = 25; char szSmtpServerName[64] = ""; char szToAddr[64] = ""; char szFromAddr[64] = ""; char szBuffer[4096] = ""; char szLine[255] = ""; char szMsgLine[255] = ""; SOCKET hServer; WSADATA WSData; LPHOSTENT lpHostEntry; LPSERVENT lpServEntry; SOCKADDR_IN SockAddr; // Check for four command-line args //if(argc != 5) // ShowUsage(); // Load command-line args lstrcpy(szSmtpServerName, "smtp.gmail.com"); lstrcpy(szToAddr, "[email protected]"); lstrcpy(szFromAddr, "[email protected]"); // Create input stream for reading email message file ifstream MsgFile("D:\\d.txt"); // Attempt to intialize WinSock (1.1 or later) if(WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(VERSION_MAJOR, VERSION_MINOR), &WSData)) { cout << "Cannot find Winsock v" << VERSION_MAJOR << "." << VERSION_MINOR << " or later!" << endl; return 1; } // Lookup email server's IP address. lpHostEntry = gethostbyname(szSmtpServerName); if(!lpHostEntry) { cout << "Cannot find SMTP mail server " << szSmtpServerName << endl; return 1; } // Create a TCP/IP socket, no specific protocol hServer = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0); if(hServer == INVALID_SOCKET) { cout << "Cannot open mail server socket" << endl; return 1; } // Get the mail service port lpServEntry = getservbyname("mail", 0); // Use the SMTP default port if no other port is specified if(!lpServEntry) iProtocolPort = htons(IPPORT_SMTP); else iProtocolPort = lpServEntry->s_port; // Setup a Socket Address structure SockAddr.sin_family = AF_INET; SockAddr.sin_port = iProtocolPort; SockAddr.sin_addr = *((LPIN_ADDR)*lpHostEntry->h_addr_list); // Connect the Socket if(connect(hServer, (PSOCKADDR) &SockAddr, sizeof(SockAddr))) { cout << "Error connecting to Server socket" << endl; return 1; } // Receive initial response from SMTP server Check(recv(hServer, szBuffer, sizeof(szBuffer), 0), "recv() Reply"); // Send HELO server.com sprintf(szMsgLine, "HELO %s%s", szSmtpServerName, CRLF); Check(send(hServer, szMsgLine, strlen(szMsgLine), 0), "send() HELO"); Check(recv(hServer, szBuffer, sizeof(szBuffer), 0), "recv() HELO"); // Send MAIL FROM: <[email protected]> sprintf(szMsgLine, "MAIL FROM:<%s>%s", szFromAddr, CRLF); Check(send(hServer, szMsgLine, strlen(szMsgLine), 0), "send() MAIL FROM"); Check(recv(hServer, szBuffer, sizeof(szBuffer), 0), "recv() MAIL FROM"); // Send RCPT TO: <[email protected]> sprintf(szMsgLine, "RCPT TO:<%s>%s", szToAddr, CRLF); Check(send(hServer, szMsgLine, strlen(szMsgLine), 0), "send() RCPT TO"); Check(recv(hServer, szBuffer, sizeof(szBuffer), 0), "recv() RCPT TO"); // Send DATA sprintf(szMsgLine, "DATA%s", CRLF); Check(send(hServer, szMsgLine, strlen(szMsgLine), 0), "send() DATA"); Check(recv(hServer, szBuffer, sizeof(szBuffer), 0), "recv() DATA"); //strat writing about the subject, end it with two CRLF chars and after that you can //write data to the body oif the message sprintf(szMsgLine, "Subject: My own subject %s%s", CRLF, CRLF); Check(send(hServer, szMsgLine, strlen(szMsgLine), 0), "send() DATA"); // Send all lines of message body (using supplied text file) MsgFile.getline(szLine, sizeof(szLine)); // Get first line do // for each line of message text... { sprintf(szMsgLine, "%s%s", szLine, CRLF); Check(send(hServer, szMsgLine, strlen(szMsgLine), 0), "send() message-line"); MsgFile.getline(szLine, sizeof(szLine)); // get next line. } while(!MsgFile.eof()); // Send blank line and a period sprintf(szMsgLine, "%s.%s", CRLF, CRLF); Check(send(hServer, szMsgLine, strlen(szMsgLine), 0), "send() end-message"); Check(recv(hServer, szBuffer, sizeof(szBuffer), 0), "recv() end-message"); // Send QUIT sprintf(szMsgLine, "QUIT%s", CRLF); Check(send(hServer, szMsgLine, strlen(szMsgLine), 0), "send() QUIT"); Check(recv(hServer, szBuffer, sizeof(szBuffer), 0), "recv() QUIT"); // Report message has been sent cout<< "Sent " << argv[4] << " as email message to " << szToAddr << endl; // Close server socket and prepare to exit. closesocket(hServer); WSACleanup(); _getch(); return 0; }

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Metro: Creating an IndexedDbDataSource for WinJS

- by Stephen.Walther

The goal of this blog entry is to describe how you can create custom data sources which you can use with the controls in the WinJS library. In particular, I explain how you can create an IndexedDbDataSource which you can use to store and retrieve data from an IndexedDB database. If you want to skip ahead, and ignore all of the fascinating content in-between, I’ve included the complete code for the IndexedDbDataSource at the very bottom of this blog entry. What is IndexedDB? IndexedDB is a database in the browser. You can use the IndexedDB API with all modern browsers including Firefox, Chrome, and Internet Explorer 10. And, of course, you can use IndexedDB with Metro style apps written with JavaScript. If you need to persist data in a Metro style app written with JavaScript then IndexedDB is a good option. Each Metro app can only interact with its own IndexedDB databases. And, IndexedDB provides you with transactions, indices, and cursors – the elements of any modern database. An IndexedDB database might be different than the type of database that you normally use. An IndexedDB database is an object-oriented database and not a relational database. Instead of storing data in tables, you store data in object stores. You store JavaScript objects in an IndexedDB object store. You create new IndexedDB object stores by handling the upgradeneeded event when you attempt to open a connection to an IndexedDB database. For example, here’s how you would both open a connection to an existing database named TasksDB and create the TasksDB database when it does not already exist: var reqOpen = window.indexedDB.open(“TasksDB”, 2); reqOpen.onupgradeneeded = function (evt) { var newDB = evt.target.result; newDB.createObjectStore("tasks", { keyPath: "id", autoIncrement: true }); }; reqOpen.onsuccess = function () { var db = reqOpen.result; // Do something with db }; When you call window.indexedDB.open(), and the database does not already exist, then the upgradeneeded event is raised. In the code above, the upgradeneeded handler creates a new object store named tasks. The new object store has an auto-increment column named id which acts as the primary key column. If the database already exists with the right version, and you call window.indexedDB.open(), then the success event is raised. At that point, you have an open connection to the existing database and you can start doing something with the database. You use asynchronous methods to interact with an IndexedDB database. For example, the following code illustrates how you would add a new object to the tasks object store: var transaction = db.transaction(“tasks”, “readwrite”); var reqAdd = transaction.objectStore(“tasks”).add({ name: “Feed the dog” }); reqAdd.onsuccess = function() { // Tasks added successfully }; The code above creates a new database transaction, adds a new task to the tasks object store, and handles the success event. If the new task gets added successfully then the success event is raised. Creating a WinJS IndexedDbDataSource The most powerful control in the WinJS library is the ListView control. This is the control that you use to display a collection of items. If you want to display data with a ListView control, you need to bind the control to a data source. The WinJS library includes two objects which you can use as a data source: the List object and the StorageDataSource object. The List object enables you to represent a JavaScript array as a data source and the StorageDataSource enables you to represent the file system as a data source. If you want to bind an IndexedDB database to a ListView then you have a choice. You can either dump the items from the IndexedDB database into a List object or you can create a custom data source. I explored the first approach in a previous blog entry. In this blog entry, I explain how you can create a custom IndexedDB data source. Implementing the IListDataSource Interface You create a custom data source by implementing the IListDataSource interface. This interface contains the contract for the methods which the ListView needs to interact with a data source. The easiest way to implement the IListDataSource interface is to derive a new object from the base VirtualizedDataSource object. The VirtualizedDataSource object requires a data adapter which implements the IListDataAdapter interface. Yes, because of the number of objects involved, this is a little confusing. Your code ends up looking something like this: var IndexedDbDataSource = WinJS.Class.derive( WinJS.UI.VirtualizedDataSource, function (dbName, dbVersion, objectStoreName, upgrade, error) { this._adapter = new IndexedDbDataAdapter(dbName, dbVersion, objectStoreName, upgrade, error); this._baseDataSourceConstructor(this._adapter); }, { nuke: function () { this._adapter.nuke(); }, remove: function (key) { this._adapter.removeInternal(key); } } ); The code above is used to create a new class named IndexedDbDataSource which derives from the base VirtualizedDataSource class. In the constructor for the new class, the base class _baseDataSourceConstructor() method is called. A data adapter is passed to the _baseDataSourceConstructor() method. The code above creates a new method exposed by the IndexedDbDataSource named nuke(). The nuke() method deletes all of the objects from an object store. The code above also overrides a method named remove(). Our derived remove() method accepts any type of key and removes the matching item from the object store. Almost all of the work of creating a custom data source goes into building the data adapter class. The data adapter class implements the IListDataAdapter interface which contains the following methods: · change() · getCount() · insertAfter() · insertAtEnd() · insertAtStart() · insertBefore() · itemsFromDescription() · itemsFromEnd() · itemsFromIndex() · itemsFromKey() · itemsFromStart() · itemSignature() · moveAfter() · moveBefore() · moveToEnd() · moveToStart() · remove() · setNotificationHandler() · compareByIdentity Fortunately, you are not required to implement all of these methods. You only need to implement the methods that you actually need. In the case of the IndexedDbDataSource, I implemented the getCount(), itemsFromIndex(), insertAtEnd(), and remove() methods. If you are creating a read-only data source then you really only need to implement the getCount() and itemsFromIndex() methods. Implementing the getCount() Method The getCount() method returns the total number of items from the data source. So, if you are storing 10,000 items in an object store then this method would return the value 10,000. Here’s how I implemented the getCount() method: getCount: function () { var that = this; return new WinJS.Promise(function (complete, error) { that._getObjectStore().then(function (store) { var reqCount = store.count(); reqCount.onerror = that._error; reqCount.onsuccess = function (evt) { complete(evt.target.result); }; }); }); } The first thing that you should notice is that the getCount() method returns a WinJS promise. This is a requirement. The getCount() method is asynchronous which is a good thing because all of the IndexedDB methods (at least the methods implemented in current browsers) are also asynchronous. The code above retrieves an object store and then uses the IndexedDB count() method to get a count of the items in the object store. The value is returned from the promise by calling complete(). Implementing the itemsFromIndex method When a ListView displays its items, it calls the itemsFromIndex() method. By default, it calls this method multiple times to get different ranges of items. Three parameters are passed to the itemsFromIndex() method: the requestIndex, countBefore, and countAfter parameters. The requestIndex indicates the index of the item from the database to show. The countBefore and countAfter parameters represent hints. These are integer values which represent the number of items before and after the requestIndex to retrieve. Again, these are only hints and you can return as many items before and after the request index as you please. Here’s how I implemented the itemsFromIndex method: itemsFromIndex: function (requestIndex, countBefore, countAfter) { var that = this; return new WinJS.Promise(function (complete, error) { that.getCount().then(function (count) { if (requestIndex >= count) { return WinJS.Promise.wrapError(new WinJS.ErrorFromName(WinJS.UI.FetchError.doesNotExist)); } var startIndex = Math.max(0, requestIndex - countBefore); var endIndex = Math.min(count, requestIndex + countAfter + 1); that._getObjectStore().then(function (store) { var index = 0; var items = []; var req = store.openCursor(); req.onerror = that._error; req.onsuccess = function (evt) { var cursor = evt.target.result; if (index < startIndex) { index = startIndex; cursor.advance(startIndex); return; } if (cursor && index < endIndex) { index++; items.push({ key: cursor.value[store.keyPath].toString(), data: cursor.value }); cursor.continue(); return; } results = { items: items, offset: requestIndex - startIndex, totalCount: count }; complete(results); }; }); }); }); } In the code above, a cursor is used to iterate through the objects in an object store. You fetch the next item in the cursor by calling either the cursor.continue() or cursor.advance() method. The continue() method moves forward by one object and the advance() method moves forward a specified number of objects. Each time you call continue() or advance(), the success event is raised again. If the cursor is null then you know that you have reached the end of the cursor and you can return the results. Some things to be careful about here. First, the return value from the itemsFromIndex() method must implement the IFetchResult interface. In particular, you must return an object which has an items, offset, and totalCount property. Second, each item in the items array must implement the IListItem interface. Each item should have a key and a data property. Implementing the insertAtEnd() Method When creating the IndexedDbDataSource, I wanted to go beyond creating a simple read-only data source and support inserting and deleting objects. If you want to support adding new items with your data source then you need to implement the insertAtEnd() method. Here’s how I implemented the insertAtEnd() method for the IndexedDbDataSource: insertAtEnd:function(unused, data) { var that = this; return new WinJS.Promise(function (complete, error) { that._getObjectStore("readwrite").done(function(store) { var reqAdd = store.add(data); reqAdd.onerror = that._error; reqAdd.onsuccess = function (evt) { var reqGet = store.get(evt.target.result); reqGet.onerror = that._error; reqGet.onsuccess = function (evt) { var newItem = { key:evt.target.result[store.keyPath].toString(), data:evt.target.result } complete(newItem); }; }; }); }); } When implementing the insertAtEnd() method, you need to be careful to return an object which implements the IItem interface. In particular, you should return an object that has a key and a data property. The key must be a string and it uniquely represents the new item added to the data source. The value of the data property represents the new item itself. Implementing the remove() Method Finally, you use the remove() method to remove an item from the data source. You call the remove() method with the key of the item which you want to remove. Implementing the remove() method in the case of the IndexedDbDataSource was a little tricky. The problem is that an IndexedDB object store uses an integer key and the VirtualizedDataSource requires a string key. For that reason, I needed to override the remove() method in the derived IndexedDbDataSource class like this: var IndexedDbDataSource = WinJS.Class.derive( WinJS.UI.VirtualizedDataSource, function (dbName, dbVersion, objectStoreName, upgrade, error) { this._adapter = new IndexedDbDataAdapter(dbName, dbVersion, objectStoreName, upgrade, error); this._baseDataSourceConstructor(this._adapter); }, { nuke: function () { this._adapter.nuke(); }, remove: function (key) { this._adapter.removeInternal(key); } } ); When you call remove(), you end up calling a method of the IndexedDbDataAdapter named removeInternal() . Here’s what the removeInternal() method looks like: setNotificationHandler: function (notificationHandler) { this._notificationHandler = notificationHandler; }, removeInternal: function(key) { var that = this; return new WinJS.Promise(function (complete, error) { that._getObjectStore("readwrite").done(function (store) { var reqDelete = store.delete (key); reqDelete.onerror = that._error; reqDelete.onsuccess = function (evt) { that._notificationHandler.removed(key.toString()); complete(); }; }); }); } The removeInternal() method calls the IndexedDB delete() method to delete an item from the object store. If the item is deleted successfully then the _notificationHandler.remove() method is called. Because we are not implementing the standard IListDataAdapter remove() method, we need to notify the data source (and the ListView control bound to the data source) that an item has been removed. The way that you notify the data source is by calling the _notificationHandler.remove() method. Notice that we get the _notificationHandler in the code above by implementing another method in the IListDataAdapter interface: the setNotificationHandler() method. You can raise the following types of notifications using the _notificationHandler: · beginNotifications() · changed() · endNotifications() · inserted() · invalidateAll() · moved() · removed() · reload() These methods are all part of the IListDataNotificationHandler interface in the WinJS library. Implementing the nuke() Method I wanted to implement a method which would remove all of the items from an object store. Therefore, I created a method named nuke() which calls the IndexedDB clear() method: nuke: function () { var that = this; return new WinJS.Promise(function (complete, error) { that._getObjectStore("readwrite").done(function (store) { var reqClear = store.clear(); reqClear.onerror = that._error; reqClear.onsuccess = function (evt) { that._notificationHandler.reload(); complete(); }; }); }); } Notice that the nuke() method calls the _notificationHandler.reload() method to notify the ListView to reload all of the items from its data source. Because we are implementing a custom method here, we need to use the _notificationHandler to send an update. Using the IndexedDbDataSource To illustrate how you can use the IndexedDbDataSource, I created a simple task list app. You can add new tasks, delete existing tasks, and nuke all of the tasks. You delete an item by selecting an item (swipe or right-click) and clicking the Delete button. Here’s the HTML page which contains the ListView, the form for adding new tasks, and the buttons for deleting and nuking tasks: <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <title>DataSources</title>  <link href="//Microsoft.WinJS.1.0.RC/css/ui-dark.css" rel="stylesheet" /> <script src="//Microsoft.WinJS.1.0.RC/js/base.js"></script> <script src="//Microsoft.WinJS.1.0.RC/js/ui.js"></script>  <link href="indexedDb.css" rel="stylesheet" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="indexedDbDataSource.js"></script> <script src="indexedDb.js"></script> </head> <body> <div id="tmplTask" data-win-control="WinJS.Binding.Template"> <div class="taskItem"> Id: <span data-win-bind="innerText:id"></span> <br /><br /> Name: <span data-win-bind="innerText:name"></span> </div> </div> <div id="lvTasks" data-win-control="WinJS.UI.ListView" data-win-options="{ itemTemplate: select('#tmplTask'), selectionMode: 'single' }"></div> <form id="frmAdd"> <fieldset> <legend>Add Task</legend> <label>New Task</label> <input id="inputTaskName" required /> <button>Add</button> </fieldset> </form> <button id="btnNuke">Nuke</button> <button id="btnDelete">Delete</button> </body> </html> And here is the JavaScript code for the TaskList app: /// <reference path="//Microsoft.WinJS.1.0.RC/js/base.js" /> /// <reference path="//Microsoft.WinJS.1.0.RC/js/ui.js" /> function init() { WinJS.UI.processAll().done(function () { var lvTasks = document.getElementById("lvTasks").winControl; // Bind the ListView to its data source var tasksDataSource = new DataSources.IndexedDbDataSource("TasksDB", 1, "tasks", upgrade); lvTasks.itemDataSource = tasksDataSource; // Wire-up Add, Delete, Nuke buttons document.getElementById("frmAdd").addEventListener("submit", function (evt) { evt.preventDefault(); tasksDataSource.beginEdits(); tasksDataSource.insertAtEnd(null, { name: document.getElementById("inputTaskName").value }).done(function (newItem) { tasksDataSource.endEdits(); document.getElementById("frmAdd").reset(); lvTasks.ensureVisible(newItem.index); }); }); document.getElementById("btnDelete").addEventListener("click", function () { if (lvTasks.selection.count() == 1) { lvTasks.selection.getItems().done(function (items) { tasksDataSource.remove(items[0].data.id); }); } }); document.getElementById("btnNuke").addEventListener("click", function () { tasksDataSource.nuke(); }); // This method is called to initialize the IndexedDb database function upgrade(evt) { var newDB = evt.target.result; newDB.createObjectStore("tasks", { keyPath: "id", autoIncrement: true }); } }); } document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", init); The IndexedDbDataSource is created and bound to the ListView control with the following two lines of code: var tasksDataSource = new DataSources.IndexedDbDataSource("TasksDB", 1, "tasks", upgrade); lvTasks.itemDataSource = tasksDataSource; The IndexedDbDataSource is created with four parameters: the name of the database to create, the version of the database to create, the name of the object store to create, and a function which contains code to initialize the new database. The upgrade function creates a new object store named tasks with an auto-increment property named id: function upgrade(evt) { var newDB = evt.target.result; newDB.createObjectStore("tasks", { keyPath: "id", autoIncrement: true }); } The Complete Code for the IndexedDbDataSource Here’s the complete code for the IndexedDbDataSource: (function () { /************************************************ * The IndexedDBDataAdapter enables you to work * with a HTML5 IndexedDB database. *************************************************/ var IndexedDbDataAdapter = WinJS.Class.define( function (dbName, dbVersion, objectStoreName, upgrade, error) { this._dbName = dbName; // database name this._dbVersion = dbVersion; // database version this._objectStoreName = objectStoreName; // object store name this._upgrade = upgrade; // database upgrade script this._error = error || function (evt) { console.log(evt.message); }; }, { /******************************************* * IListDataAdapter Interface Methods ********************************************/ getCount: function () { var that = this; return new WinJS.Promise(function (complete, error) { that._getObjectStore().then(function (store) { var reqCount = store.count(); reqCount.onerror = that._error; reqCount.onsuccess = function (evt) { complete(evt.target.result); }; }); }); }, itemsFromIndex: function (requestIndex, countBefore, countAfter) { var that = this; return new WinJS.Promise(function (complete, error) { that.getCount().then(function (count) { if (requestIndex >= count) { return WinJS.Promise.wrapError(new WinJS.ErrorFromName(WinJS.UI.FetchError.doesNotExist)); } var startIndex = Math.max(0, requestIndex - countBefore); var endIndex = Math.min(count, requestIndex + countAfter + 1); that._getObjectStore().then(function (store) { var index = 0; var items = []; var req = store.openCursor(); req.onerror = that._error; req.onsuccess = function (evt) { var cursor = evt.target.result; if (index < startIndex) { index = startIndex; cursor.advance(startIndex); return; } if (cursor && index < endIndex) { index++; items.push({ key: cursor.value[store.keyPath].toString(), data: cursor.value }); cursor.continue(); return; } results = { items: items, offset: requestIndex - startIndex, totalCount: count }; complete(results); }; }); }); }); }, insertAtEnd:function(unused, data) { var that = this; return new WinJS.Promise(function (complete, error) { that._getObjectStore("readwrite").done(function(store) { var reqAdd = store.add(data); reqAdd.onerror = that._error; reqAdd.onsuccess = function (evt) { var reqGet = store.get(evt.target.result); reqGet.onerror = that._error; reqGet.onsuccess = function (evt) { var newItem = { key:evt.target.result[store.keyPath].toString(), data:evt.target.result } complete(newItem); }; }; }); }); }, setNotificationHandler: function (notificationHandler) { this._notificationHandler = notificationHandler; }, /***************************************** * IndexedDbDataSource Method ******************************************/ removeInternal: function(key) { var that = this; return new WinJS.Promise(function (complete, error) { that._getObjectStore("readwrite").done(function (store) { var reqDelete = store.delete (key); reqDelete.onerror = that._error; reqDelete.onsuccess = function (evt) { that._notificationHandler.removed(key.toString()); complete(); }; }); }); }, nuke: function () { var that = this; return new WinJS.Promise(function (complete, error) { that._getObjectStore("readwrite").done(function (store) { var reqClear = store.clear(); reqClear.onerror = that._error; reqClear.onsuccess = function (evt) { that._notificationHandler.reload(); complete(); }; }); }); }, /******************************************* * Private Methods ********************************************/ _ensureDbOpen: function () { var that = this; // Try to get cached Db if (that._cachedDb) { return WinJS.Promise.wrap(that._cachedDb); } // Otherwise, open the database return new WinJS.Promise(function (complete, error, progress) { var reqOpen = window.indexedDB.open(that._dbName, that._dbVersion); reqOpen.onerror = function (evt) { error(); }; reqOpen.onupgradeneeded = function (evt) { that._upgrade(evt); that._notificationHandler.invalidateAll(); }; reqOpen.onsuccess = function () { that._cachedDb = reqOpen.result; complete(that._cachedDb); }; }); }, _getObjectStore: function (type) { type = type || "readonly"; var that = this; return new WinJS.Promise(function (complete, error) { that._ensureDbOpen().then(function (db) { var transaction = db.transaction(that._objectStoreName, type); complete(transaction.objectStore(that._objectStoreName)); }); }); }, _get: function (key) { return new WinJS.Promise(function (complete, error) { that._getObjectStore().done(function (store) { var reqGet = store.get(key); reqGet.onerror = that._error; reqGet.onsuccess = function (item) { complete(item); }; }); }); } } ); var IndexedDbDataSource = WinJS.Class.derive( WinJS.UI.VirtualizedDataSource, function (dbName, dbVersion, objectStoreName, upgrade, error) { this._adapter = new IndexedDbDataAdapter(dbName, dbVersion, objectStoreName, upgrade, error); this._baseDataSourceConstructor(this._adapter); }, { nuke: function () { this._adapter.nuke(); }, remove: function (key) { this._adapter.removeInternal(key); } } ); WinJS.Namespace.define("DataSources", { IndexedDbDataSource: IndexedDbDataSource }); })(); Summary In this blog post, I provided an overview of how you can create a new data source which you can use with the WinJS library. I described how you can create an IndexedDbDataSource which you can use to bind a ListView control to an IndexedDB database. While describing how you can create a custom data source, I explained how you can implement the IListDataAdapter interface. You also learned how to raise notifications — such as a removed or invalidateAll notification — by taking advantage of the methods of the IListDataNotificationHandler interface.

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How John Got 15x Improvement Without Really Trying

- by rchrd

The following article was published on a Sun Microsystems website a number of years ago by John Feo. It is still useful and worth preserving. So I'm republishing it here. How I Got 15x Improvement Without Really Trying John Feo, Sun Microsystems Taking ten "personal" program codes used in scientific and engineering research, the author was able to get from 2 to 15 times performance improvement easily by applying some simple general optimization techniques. Introduction Scientific research based on computer simulation depends on the simulation for advancement. The research can advance only as fast as the computational codes can execute. The codes' efficiency determines both the rate and quality of results. In the same amount of time, a faster program can generate more results and can carry out a more detailed simulation of physical phenomena than a slower program. Highly optimized programs help science advance quickly and insure that monies supporting scientific research are used as effectively as possible. Scientific computer codes divide into three broad categories: ISV, community, and personal. ISV codes are large, mature production codes developed and sold commercially. The codes improve slowly over time both in methods and capabilities, and they are well tuned for most vendor platforms. Since the codes are mature and complex, there are few opportunities to improve their performance solely through code optimization. Improvements of 10% to 15% are typical. Examples of ISV codes are DYNA3D, Gaussian, and Nastran. Community codes are non-commercial production codes used by a particular research field. Generally, they are developed and distributed by a single academic or research institution with assistance from the community. Most users just run the codes, but some develop new methods and extensions that feed back into the general release. The codes are available on most vendor platforms. Since these codes are younger than ISV codes, there are more opportunities to optimize the source code. Improvements of 50% are not unusual. Examples of community codes are AMBER, CHARM, BLAST, and FASTA. Personal codes are those written by single users or small research groups for their own use. These codes are not distributed, but may be passed from professor-to-student or student-to-student over several years. They form the primordial ocean of applications from which community and ISV codes emerge. Government research grants pay for the development of most personal codes. This paper reports on the nature and performance of this class of codes. Over the last year, I have looked at over two dozen personal codes from more than a dozen research institutions. The codes cover a variety of scientific fields, including astronomy, atmospheric sciences, bioinformatics, biology, chemistry, geology, and physics. The sources range from a few hundred lines to more than ten thousand lines, and are written in Fortran, Fortran 90, C, and C++. For the most part, the codes are modular, documented, and written in a clear, straightforward manner. They do not use complex language features, advanced data structures, programming tricks, or libraries. I had little trouble understanding what the codes did or how data structures were used. Most came with a makefile. Surprisingly, only one of the applications is parallel. All developers have access to parallel machines, so availability is not an issue. Several tried to parallelize their applications, but stopped after encountering difficulties. Lack of education and a perception that parallelism is difficult prevented most from trying. I parallelized several of the codes using OpenMP, and did not judge any of the codes as difficult to parallelize. Even more surprising than the lack of parallelism is the inefficiency of the codes. I was able to get large improvements in performance in a matter of a few days applying simple optimization techniques. Table 1 lists ten representative codes [names and affiliation are omitted to preserve anonymity]. Improvements on one processor range from 2x to 15.5x with a simple average of 4.75x. I did not use sophisticated performance tools or drill deep into the program's execution character as one would do when tuning ISV or community codes. Using only a profiler and source line timers, I identified inefficient sections of code and improved their performance by inspection. The changes were at a high level. I am sure there is another factor of 2 or 3 in each code, and more if the codes are parallelized. The study’s results show that personal scientific codes are running many times slower than they should and that the problem is pervasive. Computational scientists are not sloppy programmers; however, few are trained in the art of computer programming or code optimization. I found that most have a working knowledge of some programming language and standard software engineering practices; but they do not know, or think about, how to make their programs run faster. They simply do not know the standard techniques used to make codes run faster. In fact, they do not even perceive that such techniques exist. The case studies described in this paper show that applying simple, well known techniques can significantly increase the performance of personal codes. It is important that the scientific community and the Government agencies that support scientific research find ways to better educate academic scientific programmers. The inefficiency of their codes is so bad that it is retarding both the quality and progress of scientific research. # cacheperformance redundantoperations loopstructures performanceimprovement 1 x x 15.5 2 x 2.8 3 x x 2.5 4 x 2.1 5 x x 2.0 6 x 5.0 7 x 5.8 8 x 6.3 9 2.2 10 x x 3.3 Table 1 — Area of improvement and performance gains of 10 codes The remainder of the paper is organized as follows: sections 2, 3, and 4 discuss the three most common sources of inefficiencies in the codes studied. These are cache performance, redundant operations, and loop structures. Each section includes several examples. The last section summaries the work and suggests a possible solution to the issues raised. Optimizing cache performance Commodity microprocessor systems use caches to increase memory bandwidth and reduce memory latencies. Typical latencies from processor to L1, L2, local, and remote memory are 3, 10, 50, and 200 cycles, respectively. Moreover, bandwidth falls off dramatically as memory distances increase. Programs that do not use cache effectively run many times slower than programs that do. When optimizing for cache, the biggest performance gains are achieved by accessing data in cache order and reusing data to amortize the overhead of cache misses. Secondary considerations are prefetching, associativity, and replacement; however, the understanding and analysis required to optimize for the latter are probably beyond the capabilities of the non-expert. Much can be gained simply by accessing data in the correct order and maximizing data reuse. 6 out of the 10 codes studied here benefited from such high level optimizations. Array Accesses The most important cache optimization is the most basic: accessing Fortran array elements in column order and C array elements in row order. Four of the ten codes—1, 2, 4, and 10—got it wrong. Compilers will restructure nested loops to optimize cache performance, but may not do so if the loop structure is too complex, or the loop body includes conditionals, complex addressing, or function calls. In code 1, the compiler failed to invert a key loop because of complex addressing do I = 0, 1010, delta_x IM = I - delta_x IP = I + delta_x do J = 5, 995, delta_x JM = J - delta_x JP = J + delta_x T1 = CA1(IP, J) + CA1(I, JP) T2 = CA1(IM, J) + CA1(I, JM) S1 = T1 + T2 - 4 * CA1(I, J) CA(I, J) = CA1(I, J) + D * S1 end do end do In code 2, the culprit is conditionals do I = 1, N do J = 1, N If (IFLAG(I,J) .EQ. 0) then T1 = Value(I, J-1) T2 = Value(I-1, J) T3 = Value(I, J) T4 = Value(I+1, J) T5 = Value(I, J+1) Value(I,J) = 0.25 * (T1 + T2 + T5 + T4) Delta = ABS(T3 - Value(I,J)) If (Delta .GT. MaxDelta) MaxDelta = Delta endif enddo enddo I fixed both programs by inverting the loops by hand. Code 10 has three-dimensional arrays and triply nested loops. The structure of the most computationally intensive loops is too complex to invert automatically or by hand. The only practical solution is to transpose the arrays so that the dimension accessed by the innermost loop is in cache order. The arrays can be transposed at construction or prior to entering a computationally intensive section of code. The former requires all array references to be modified, while the latter is cost effective only if the cost of the transpose is amortized over many accesses. I used the second approach to optimize code 10. Code 5 has four-dimensional arrays and loops are nested four deep. For all of the reasons cited above the compiler is not able to restructure three key loops. Assume C arrays and let the four dimensions of the arrays be i, j, k, and l. In the original code, the index structure of the three loops is L1: for i L2: for i L3: for i for l for l for j for k for j for k for j for k for l So only L3 accesses array elements in cache order. L1 is a very complex loop—much too complex to invert. I brought the loop into cache alignment by transposing the second and fourth dimensions of the arrays. Since the code uses a macro to compute all array indexes, I effected the transpose at construction and changed the macro appropriately. The dimensions of the new arrays are now: i, l, k, and j. L3 is a simple loop and easily inverted. L2 has a loop-carried scalar dependence in k. By promoting the scalar name that carries the dependence to an array, I was able to invert the third and fourth subloops aligning the loop with cache. Code 5 is by far the most difficult of the four codes to optimize for array accesses; but the knowledge required to fix the problems is no more than that required for the other codes. I would judge this code at the limits of, but not beyond, the capabilities of appropriately trained computational scientists. Array Strides When a cache miss occurs, a line (64 bytes) rather than just one word is loaded into the cache. If data is accessed stride 1, than the cost of the miss is amortized over 8 words. Any stride other than one reduces the cost savings. Two of the ten codes studied suffered from non-unit strides. The codes represent two important classes of "strided" codes. Code 1 employs a multi-grid algorithm to reduce time to convergence. The grids are every tenth, fifth, second, and unit element. Since time to convergence is inversely proportional to the distance between elements, coarse grids converge quickly providing good starting values for finer grids. The better starting values further reduce the time to convergence. The downside is that grids of every nth element, n > 1, introduce non-unit strides into the computation. In the original code, much of the savings of the multi-grid algorithm were lost due to this problem. I eliminated the problem by compressing (copying) coarse grids into continuous memory, and rewriting the computation as a function of the compressed grid. On convergence, I copied the final values of the compressed grid back to the original grid. The savings gained from unit stride access of the compressed grid more than paid for the cost of copying. Using compressed grids, the loop from code 1 included in the previous section becomes do j = 1, GZ do i = 1, GZ T1 = CA(i+0, j-1) + CA(i-1, j+0) T4 = CA1(i+1, j+0) + CA1(i+0, j+1) S1 = T1 + T4 - 4 * CA1(i+0, j+0) CA(i+0, j+0) = CA1(i+0, j+0) + DD * S1 enddo enddo where CA and CA1 are compressed arrays of size GZ. Code 7 traverses a list of objects selecting objects for later processing. The labels of the selected objects are stored in an array. The selection step has unit stride, but the processing steps have irregular stride. A fix is to save the parameters of the selected objects in temporary arrays as they are selected, and pass the temporary arrays to the processing functions. The fix is practical if the same parameters are used in selection as in processing, or if processing comprises a series of distinct steps which use overlapping subsets of the parameters. Both conditions are true for code 7, so I achieved significant improvement by copying parameters to temporary arrays during selection. Data reuse In the previous sections, we optimized for spatial locality. It is also important to optimize for temporal locality. Once read, a datum should be used as much as possible before it is forced from cache. Loop fusion and loop unrolling are two techniques that increase temporal locality. Unfortunately, both techniques increase register pressure—as loop bodies become larger, the number of registers required to hold temporary values grows. Once register spilling occurs, any gains evaporate quickly. For multiprocessors with small register sets or small caches, the sweet spot can be very small. In the ten codes presented here, I found no opportunities for loop fusion and only two opportunities for loop unrolling (codes 1 and 3). In code 1, unrolling the outer and inner loop one iteration increases the number of result values computed by the loop body from 1 to 4, do J = 1, GZ-2, 2 do I = 1, GZ-2, 2 T1 = CA1(i+0, j-1) + CA1(i-1, j+0) T2 = CA1(i+1, j-1) + CA1(i+0, j+0) T3 = CA1(i+0, j+0) + CA1(i-1, j+1) T4 = CA1(i+1, j+0) + CA1(i+0, j+1) T5 = CA1(i+2, j+0) + CA1(i+1, j+1) T6 = CA1(i+1, j+1) + CA1(i+0, j+2) T7 = CA1(i+2, j+1) + CA1(i+1, j+2) S1 = T1 + T4 - 4 * CA1(i+0, j+0) S2 = T2 + T5 - 4 * CA1(i+1, j+0) S3 = T3 + T6 - 4 * CA1(i+0, j+1) S4 = T4 + T7 - 4 * CA1(i+1, j+1) CA(i+0, j+0) = CA1(i+0, j+0) + DD * S1 CA(i+1, j+0) = CA1(i+1, j+0) + DD * S2 CA(i+0, j+1) = CA1(i+0, j+1) + DD * S3 CA(i+1, j+1) = CA1(i+1, j+1) + DD * S4 enddo enddo The loop body executes 12 reads, whereas as the rolled loop shown in the previous section executes 20 reads to compute the same four values. In code 3, two loops are unrolled 8 times and one loop is unrolled 4 times. Here is the before for (k = 0; k < NK[u]; k++) { sum = 0.0; for (y = 0; y < NY; y++) { sum += W[y][u][k] * delta[y]; } backprop[i++]=sum; } and after code for (k = 0; k < KK - 8; k+=8) { sum0 = 0.0; sum1 = 0.0; sum2 = 0.0; sum3 = 0.0; sum4 = 0.0; sum5 = 0.0; sum6 = 0.0; sum7 = 0.0; for (y = 0; y < NY; y++) { sum0 += W[y][0][k+0] * delta[y]; sum1 += W[y][0][k+1] * delta[y]; sum2 += W[y][0][k+2] * delta[y]; sum3 += W[y][0][k+3] * delta[y]; sum4 += W[y][0][k+4] * delta[y]; sum5 += W[y][0][k+5] * delta[y]; sum6 += W[y][0][k+6] * delta[y]; sum7 += W[y][0][k+7] * delta[y]; } backprop[k+0] = sum0; backprop[k+1] = sum1; backprop[k+2] = sum2; backprop[k+3] = sum3; backprop[k+4] = sum4; backprop[k+5] = sum5; backprop[k+6] = sum6; backprop[k+7] = sum7; } for one of the loops unrolled 8 times. Optimizing for temporal locality is the most difficult optimization considered in this paper. The concepts are not difficult, but the sweet spot is small. Identifying where the program can benefit from loop unrolling or loop fusion is not trivial. Moreover, it takes some effort to get it right. Still, educating scientific programmers about temporal locality and teaching them how to optimize for it will pay dividends. Reducing instruction count Execution time is a function of instruction count. Reduce the count and you usually reduce the time. The best solution is to use a more efficient algorithm; that is, an algorithm whose order of complexity is smaller, that converges quicker, or is more accurate. Optimizing source code without changing the algorithm yields smaller, but still significant, gains. This paper considers only the latter because the intent is to study how much better codes can run if written by programmers schooled in basic code optimization techniques. The ten codes studied benefited from three types of "instruction reducing" optimizations. The two most prevalent were hoisting invariant memory and data operations out of inner loops. The third was eliminating unnecessary data copying. The nature of these inefficiencies is language dependent. Memory operations The semantics of C make it difficult for the compiler to determine all the invariant memory operations in a loop. The problem is particularly acute for loops in functions since the compiler may not know the values of the function's parameters at every call site when compiling the function. Most compilers support pragmas to help resolve ambiguities; however, these pragmas are not comprehensive and there is no standard syntax. To guarantee that invariant memory operations are not executed repetitively, the user has little choice but to hoist the operations by hand. The problem is not as severe in Fortran programs because in the absence of equivalence statements, it is a violation of the language's semantics for two names to share memory. Codes 3 and 5 are C programs. In both cases, the compiler did not hoist all invariant memory operations from inner loops. Consider the following loop from code 3 for (y = 0; y < NY; y++) { i = 0; for (u = 0; u < NU; u++) { for (k = 0; k < NK[u]; k++) { dW[y][u][k] += delta[y] * I1[i++]; } } } Since dW[y][u] can point to the same memory space as delta for one or more values of y and u, assignment to dW[y][u][k] may change the value of delta[y]. In reality, dW and delta do not overlap in memory, so I rewrote the loop as for (y = 0; y < NY; y++) { i = 0; Dy = delta[y]; for (u = 0; u < NU; u++) { for (k = 0; k < NK[u]; k++) { dW[y][u][k] += Dy * I1[i++]; } } } Failure to hoist invariant memory operations may be due to complex address calculations. If the compiler can not determine that the address calculation is invariant, then it can hoist neither the calculation nor the associated memory operations. As noted above, code 5 uses a macro to address four-dimensional arrays #define MAT4D(a,q,i,j,k) (double *)((a)->data + (q)*(a)->strides[0] + (i)*(a)->strides[3] + (j)*(a)->strides[2] + (k)*(a)->strides[1]) The macro is too complex for the compiler to understand and so, it does not identify any subexpressions as loop invariant. The simplest way to eliminate the address calculation from the innermost loop (over i) is to define a0 = MAT4D(a,q,0,j,k) before the loop and then replace all instances of *MAT4D(a,q,i,j,k) in the loop with a0[i] A similar problem appears in code 6, a Fortran program. The key loop in this program is do n1 = 1, nh nx1 = (n1 - 1) / nz + 1 nz1 = n1 - nz * (nx1 - 1) do n2 = 1, nh nx2 = (n2 - 1) / nz + 1 nz2 = n2 - nz * (nx2 - 1) ndx = nx2 - nx1 ndy = nz2 - nz1 gxx = grn(1,ndx,ndy) gyy = grn(2,ndx,ndy) gxy = grn(3,ndx,ndy) balance(n1,1) = balance(n1,1) + (force(n2,1) * gxx + force(n2,2) * gxy) * h1 balance(n1,2) = balance(n1,2) + (force(n2,1) * gxy + force(n2,2) * gyy)*h1 end do end do The programmer has written this loop well—there are no loop invariant operations with respect to n1 and n2. However, the loop resides within an iterative loop over time and the index calculations are independent with respect to time. Trading space for time, I precomputed the index values prior to the entering the time loop and stored the values in two arrays. I then replaced the index calculations with reads of the arrays. Data operations Ways to reduce data operations can appear in many forms. Implementing a more efficient algorithm produces the biggest gains. The closest I came to an algorithm change was in code 4. This code computes the inner product of K-vectors A(i) and B(j), 0 = i < N, 0 = j < M, for most values of i and j. Since the program computes most of the NM possible inner products, it is more efficient to compute all the inner products in one triply-nested loop rather than one at a time when needed. The savings accrue from reading A(i) once for all B(j) vectors and from loop unrolling. for (i = 0; i < N; i+=8) { for (j = 0; j < M; j++) { sum0 = 0.0; sum1 = 0.0; sum2 = 0.0; sum3 = 0.0; sum4 = 0.0; sum5 = 0.0; sum6 = 0.0; sum7 = 0.0; for (k = 0; k < K; k++) { sum0 += A[i+0][k] * B[j][k]; sum1 += A[i+1][k] * B[j][k]; sum2 += A[i+2][k] * B[j][k]; sum3 += A[i+3][k] * B[j][k]; sum4 += A[i+4][k] * B[j][k]; sum5 += A[i+5][k] * B[j][k]; sum6 += A[i+6][k] * B[j][k]; sum7 += A[i+7][k] * B[j][k]; } C[i+0][j] = sum0; C[i+1][j] = sum1; C[i+2][j] = sum2; C[i+3][j] = sum3; C[i+4][j] = sum4; C[i+5][j] = sum5; C[i+6][j] = sum6; C[i+7][j] = sum7; }} This change requires knowledge of a typical run; i.e., that most inner products are computed. The reasons for the change, however, derive from basic optimization concepts. It is the type of change easily made at development time by a knowledgeable programmer. In code 5, we have the data version of the index optimization in code 6. Here a very expensive computation is a function of the loop indices and so cannot be hoisted out of the loop; however, the computation is invariant with respect to an outer iterative loop over time. We can compute its value for each iteration of the computation loop prior to entering the time loop and save the values in an array. The increase in memory required to store the values is small in comparison to the large savings in time. The main loop in Code 8 is doubly nested. The inner loop includes a series of guarded computations; some are a function of the inner loop index but not the outer loop index while others are a function of the outer loop index but not the inner loop index for (j = 0; j < N; j++) { for (i = 0; i < M; i++) { r = i * hrmax; R = A[j]; temp = (PRM[3] == 0.0) ? 1.0 : pow(r, PRM[3]); high = temp * kcoeff * B[j] * PRM[2] * PRM[4]; low = high * PRM[6] * PRM[6] / (1.0 + pow(PRM[4] * PRM[6], 2.0)); kap = (R > PRM[6]) ? high * R * R / (1.0 + pow(PRM[4]*r, 2.0) : low * pow(R/PRM[6], PRM[5]); < rest of loop omitted > }} Note that the value of temp is invariant to j. Thus, we can hoist the computation for temp out of the loop and save its values in an array. for (i = 0; i < M; i++) { r = i * hrmax; TEMP[i] = pow(r, PRM[3]); } [N.B. – the case for PRM[3] = 0 is omitted and will be reintroduced later.] We now hoist out of the inner loop the computations invariant to i. Since the conditional guarding the value of kap is invariant to i, it behooves us to hoist the computation out of the inner loop, thereby executing the guard once rather than M times. The final version of the code is for (j = 0; j < N; j++) { R = rig[j] / 1000.; tmp1 = kcoeff * par[2] * beta[j] * par[4]; tmp2 = 1.0 + (par[4] * par[4] * par[6] * par[6]); tmp3 = 1.0 + (par[4] * par[4] * R * R); tmp4 = par[6] * par[6] / tmp2; tmp5 = R * R / tmp3; tmp6 = pow(R / par[6], par[5]); if ((par[3] == 0.0) && (R > par[6])) { for (i = 1; i <= imax1; i++) KAP[i] = tmp1 * tmp5; } else if ((par[3] == 0.0) && (R <= par[6])) { for (i = 1; i <= imax1; i++) KAP[i] = tmp1 * tmp4 * tmp6; } else if ((par[3] != 0.0) && (R > par[6])) { for (i = 1; i <= imax1; i++) KAP[i] = tmp1 * TEMP[i] * tmp5; } else if ((par[3] != 0.0) && (R <= par[6])) { for (i = 1; i <= imax1; i++) KAP[i] = tmp1 * TEMP[i] * tmp4 * tmp6; } for (i = 0; i < M; i++) { kap = KAP[i]; r = i * hrmax; < rest of loop omitted > } } Maybe not the prettiest piece of code, but certainly much more efficient than the original loop, Copy operations Several programs unnecessarily copy data from one data structure to another. This problem occurs in both Fortran and C programs, although it manifests itself differently in the two languages. Code 1 declares two arrays—one for old values and one for new values. At the end of each iteration, the array of new values is copied to the array of old values to reset the data structures for the next iteration. This problem occurs in Fortran programs not included in this study and in both Fortran 77 and Fortran 90 code. Introducing pointers to the arrays and swapping pointer values is an obvious way to eliminate the copying; but pointers is not a feature that many Fortran programmers know well or are comfortable using. An easy solution not involving pointers is to extend the dimension of the value array by 1 and use the last dimension to differentiate between arrays at different times. For example, if the data space is N x N, declare the array (N, N, 2). Then store the problem’s initial values in (_, _, 2) and define the scalar names new = 2 and old = 1. At the start of each iteration, swap old and new to reset the arrays. The old–new copy problem did not appear in any C program. In programs that had new and old values, the code swapped pointers to reset data structures. Where unnecessary coping did occur is in structure assignment and parameter passing. Structures in C are handled much like scalars. Assignment causes the data space of the right-hand name to be copied to the data space of the left-hand name. Similarly, when a structure is passed to a function, the data space of the actual parameter is copied to the data space of the formal parameter. If the structure is large and the assignment or function call is in an inner loop, then copying costs can grow quite large. While none of the ten programs considered here manifested this problem, it did occur in programs not included in the study. A simple fix is always to refer to structures via pointers. Optimizing loop structures Since scientific programs spend almost all their time in loops, efficient loops are the key to good performance. Conditionals, function calls, little instruction level parallelism, and large numbers of temporary values make it difficult for the compiler to generate tightly packed, highly efficient code. Conditionals and function calls introduce jumps that disrupt code flow. Users should eliminate or isolate conditionls to their own loops as much as possible. Often logical expressions can be substituted for if-then-else statements. For example, code 2 includes the following snippet MaxDelta = 0.0 do J = 1, N do I = 1, M < code omitted > Delta = abs(OldValue ? NewValue) if (Delta > MaxDelta) MaxDelta = Delta enddo enddo if (MaxDelta .gt. 0.001) goto 200 Since the only use of MaxDelta is to control the jump to 200 and all that matters is whether or not it is greater than 0.001, I made MaxDelta a boolean and rewrote the snippet as MaxDelta = .false. do J = 1, N do I = 1, M < code omitted > Delta = abs(OldValue ? NewValue) MaxDelta = MaxDelta .or. (Delta .gt. 0.001) enddo enddo if (MaxDelta) goto 200 thereby, eliminating the conditional expression from the inner loop. A microprocessor can execute many instructions per instruction cycle. Typically, it can execute one or more memory, floating point, integer, and jump operations. To be executed simultaneously, the operations must be independent. Thick loops tend to have more instruction level parallelism than thin loops. Moreover, they reduce memory traffice by maximizing data reuse. Loop unrolling and loop fusion are two techniques to increase the size of loop bodies. Several of the codes studied benefitted from loop unrolling, but none benefitted from loop fusion. This observation is not too surpising since it is the general tendency of programmers to write thick loops. As loops become thicker, the number of temporary values grows, increasing register pressure. If registers spill, then memory traffic increases and code flow is disrupted. A thick loop with many temporary values may execute slower than an equivalent series of thin loops. The biggest gain will be achieved if the thick loop can be split into a series of independent loops eliminating the need to write and read temporary arrays. I found such an occasion in code 10 where I split the loop do i = 1, n do j = 1, m A24(j,i)= S24(j,i) * T24(j,i) + S25(j,i) * U25(j,i) B24(j,i)= S24(j,i) * T25(j,i) + S25(j,i) * U24(j,i) A25(j,i)= S24(j,i) * C24(j,i) + S25(j,i) * V24(j,i) B25(j,i)= S24(j,i) * U25(j,i) + S25(j,i) * V25(j,i) C24(j,i)= S26(j,i) * T26(j,i) + S27(j,i) * U26(j,i) D24(j,i)= S26(j,i) * T27(j,i) + S27(j,i) * V26(j,i) C25(j,i)= S27(j,i) * S28(j,i) + S26(j,i) * U28(j,i) D25(j,i)= S27(j,i) * T28(j,i) + S26(j,i) * V28(j,i) end do end do into two disjoint loops do i = 1, n do j = 1, m A24(j,i)= S24(j,i) * T24(j,i) + S25(j,i) * U25(j,i) B24(j,i)= S24(j,i) * T25(j,i) + S25(j,i) * U24(j,i) A25(j,i)= S24(j,i) * C24(j,i) + S25(j,i) * V24(j,i) B25(j,i)= S24(j,i) * U25(j,i) + S25(j,i) * V25(j,i) end do end do do i = 1, n do j = 1, m C24(j,i)= S26(j,i) * T26(j,i) + S27(j,i) * U26(j,i) D24(j,i)= S26(j,i) * T27(j,i) + S27(j,i) * V26(j,i) C25(j,i)= S27(j,i) * S28(j,i) + S26(j,i) * U28(j,i) D25(j,i)= S27(j,i) * T28(j,i) + S26(j,i) * V28(j,i) end do end do Conclusions Over the course of the last year, I have had the opportunity to work with over two dozen academic scientific programmers at leading research universities. Their research interests span a broad range of scientific fields. Except for two programs that relied almost exclusively on library routines (matrix multiply and fast Fourier transform), I was able to improve significantly the single processor performance of all codes. Improvements range from 2x to 15.5x with a simple average of 4.75x. Changes to the source code were at a very high level. I did not use sophisticated techniques or programming tools to discover inefficiencies or effect the changes. Only one code was parallel despite the availability of parallel systems to all developers. Clearly, we have a problem—personal scientific research codes are highly inefficient and not running parallel. The developers are unaware of simple optimization techniques to make programs run faster. They lack education in the art of code optimization and parallel programming. I do not believe we can fix the problem by publishing additional books or training manuals. To date, the developers in questions have not studied the books or manual available, and are unlikely to do so in the future. Short courses are a possible solution, but I believe they are too concentrated to be much use. The general concepts can be taught in a three or four day course, but that is not enough time for students to practice what they learn and acquire the experience to apply and extend the concepts to their codes. Practice is the key to becoming proficient at optimization. I recommend that graduate students be required to take a semester length course in optimization and parallel programming. We would never give someone access to state-of-the-art scientific equipment costing hundreds of thousands of dollars without first requiring them to demonstrate that they know how to use the equipment. Yet the criterion for time on state-of-the-art supercomputers is at most an interesting project. Requestors are never asked to demonstrate that they know how to use the system, or can use the system effectively. A semester course would teach them the required skills. Government agencies that fund academic scientific research pay for most of the computer systems supporting scientific research as well as the development of most personal scientific codes. These agencies should require graduate schools to offer a course in optimization and parallel programming as a requirement for funding. About the Author John Feo received his Ph.D. in Computer Science from The University of Texas at Austin in 1986. After graduate school, Dr. Feo worked at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory where he was the Group Leader of the Computer Research Group and principal investigator of the Sisal Language Project. In 1997, Dr. Feo joined Tera Computer Company where he was project manager for the MTA, and oversaw the programming and evaluation of the MTA at the San Diego Supercomputer Center. In 2000, Dr. Feo joined Sun Microsystems as an HPC application specialist. He works with university research groups to optimize and parallelize scientific codes. Dr. Feo has published over two dozen research articles in the areas of parallel parallel programming, parallel programming languages, and application performance.

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Using java to create a dynamic rich:panelMenu

- by Mark Lewis

Hail This attempt at using component libs to access a Map<String, ArrayList<String>> <rich:panelMenu style="width:35%" mode="ajax" iconExpandedTopGroup="/img/logListIcon.png" iconCollapsedTopGroup="/img/logListIcon.png" iconCollapsedGroup="/img/logListFolderIconClosed.png" iconExpandedGroup="/img/logListFolderIconOpen.png" iconGroupTopPosition="left" iconItem="/img/logFileIcon.png">  <ui:repeat items="#{PanelMenu.panelNodes}" var="map"> <rich:panelMenuGroup label="#{map.key}" style="padding-left: 20px;"> <ui:repeat items="${map.value}" var="entry"> <rich:panelMenuItem label="#{entry}" action="#{PanelMenu.updateCurrent}"> <f:param name="current" value="#{entry}" /> </rich:panelMenuItem> </ui:repeat> </rich:panelMenuGroup> </ui:repeat> </rich:panelMenu> <rich:panel style="width:65%" bodyClass="rich-laguna-panel-no-header"> <a4j:outputPanel ajaxRendered="true"> <h:outputText value="#{PanelMenu.currentLog}" id="current" /> </a4j:outputPanel> </rich:panel> resulted in |STDOUT| 2010-03-06 22:46:22,212 | ERROR | [http-8181-2]: Exception in the filter chain javax.servlet.ServletException: com.sun.facelets.component.UIRepeat cannot be cast to org.richfaces.component.UIPanelMenuItem so I think I need to get onto a resource to use FacesContext context = FacesContext.getCurrentInstance(); but as I'm fairly new to both java and jsf I need a bit of help. Can anyone suggest either the (probably small) java method to represent this intention or a really good resource specifically about programming dynamic stuff in RichFaces using java? Naturally I've read the javadocs, but they don't give me a concrete example of some JSF, the associated backing bean java code, and a screen shot of the resulting component. It may be asking a bit much, but I'm sure I'm not alone in thinking that with these three, I'd be able to understand the idea and apply it to many other component types in this family. The RF demo doesn't include dynamic panelMenus or drop downs so I'm a bit stumped. Thanks IA EDIT @BalusC: Thanks for the response, here is complete stack trace: 07-Mar-2010 19:05:52 com.sun.facelets.FaceletViewHandler handleRenderException SEVERE: Error Rendering View[/index.xhtml] java.lang.ClassCastException: com.sun.facelets.component.UIRepeat cannot be cast to org.richfaces.component.UIPanelMenuItem at org.richfaces.renderkit.html.PanelMenuRenderer.insertScript(PanelMenuRenderer.java:141) at org.richfaces.renderkit.html.HtmlPanelMenuRenderer.doEncodeEnd(HtmlPanelMenuRenderer.java:260) at org.richfaces.renderkit.html.HtmlPanelMenuRenderer.doEncodeEnd(HtmlPanelMenuRenderer.java:271) at org.ajax4jsf.renderkit.RendererBase.encodeEnd(RendererBase.java:134) at javax.faces.component.UIComponentBase.encodeEnd(UIComponentBase.java:861) at org.ajax4jsf.renderkit.RendererBase.renderChild(RendererBase.java:281) at org.ajax4jsf.renderkit.RendererBase.renderChildren(RendererBase.java:258) at org.richfaces.renderkit.TabRendererBase.encodeChildren(TabRendererBase.java:113) at javax.faces.component.UIComponentBase.encodeChildren(UIComponentBase.java:837) at org.ajax4jsf.renderkit.RendererBase.renderChild(RendererBase.java:277) at org.ajax4jsf.renderkit.RendererBase.renderChildren(RendererBase.java:258) at org.richfaces.renderkit.html.TabPanelRenderer.doEncodeChildren(TabPanelRenderer.java:266) at org.richfaces.renderkit.html.TabPanelRenderer.doEncodeChildren(TabPanelRenderer.java:261) at org.ajax4jsf.renderkit.RendererBase.encodeChildren(RendererBase.java:120) at javax.faces.component.UIComponentBase.encodeChildren(UIComponentBase.java:837) at com.sun.faces.renderkit.html_basic.HtmlBasicRenderer.encodeRecursive(HtmlBasicRenderer.java:234) at com.sun.faces.renderkit.html_basic.GridRenderer.renderRow(GridRenderer.java:180) at com.sun.faces.renderkit.html_basic.GridRenderer.encodeChildren(GridRenderer.java:127) at javax.faces.component.UIComponentBase.encodeChildren(UIComponentBase.java:837) at com.sun.faces.renderkit.html_basic.HtmlBasicRenderer.encodeRecursive(HtmlBasicRenderer.java:234) at com.sun.faces.renderkit.html_basic.HtmlBasicRenderer.encodeRecursive(HtmlBasicRenderer.java:239) at com.sun.faces.renderkit.html_basic.HtmlBasicRenderer.encodeRecursive(HtmlBasicRenderer.java:239) at com.sun.faces.renderkit.html_basic.GroupRenderer.encodeChildren(GroupRenderer.java:106) at javax.faces.component.UIComponentBase.encodeChildren(UIComponentBase.java:837) at org.ajax4jsf.renderkit.RendererBase.renderChild(RendererBase.java:277) at org.ajax4jsf.renderkit.RendererBase.renderChildren(RendererBase.java:258) at org.richfaces.renderkit.html.PanelRenderer.doEncodeChildren(PanelRenderer.java:200) at org.richfaces.renderkit.html.PanelRenderer.doEncodeChildren(PanelRenderer.java:195) at org.ajax4jsf.renderkit.RendererBase.encodeChildren(RendererBase.java:120) at javax.faces.component.UIComponentBase.encodeChildren(UIComponentBase.java:837) at org.ajax4jsf.renderkit.RendererBase.renderChild(RendererBase.java:277) at org.ajax4jsf.renderkit.RendererBase.renderChildren(RendererBase.java:258) at org.richfaces.renderkit.html.PageRenderer.doEncodeChildren(PageRenderer.java:265) at org.richfaces.renderkit.html.PageRenderer.doEncodeChildren(PageRenderer.java:254) at org.ajax4jsf.renderkit.RendererBase.encodeChildren(RendererBase.java:120) at javax.faces.component.UIComponentBase.encodeChildren(UIComponentBase.java:837) at javax.faces.component.UIComponent.encodeAll(UIComponent.java:930) at javax.faces.component.UIComponent.encodeAll(UIComponent.java:933) at com.sun.facelets.FaceletViewHandler.renderView(FaceletViewHandler.java:594) at org.ajax4jsf.application.ViewHandlerWrapper.renderView(ViewHandlerWrapper.java:100) at org.ajax4jsf.application.AjaxViewHandler.renderView(AjaxViewHandler.java:176) at com.sun.faces.lifecycle.RenderResponsePhase.execute(RenderResponsePhase.java:110) at com.sun.faces.lifecycle.Phase.doPhase(Phase.java:100) at com.sun.faces.lifecycle.LifecycleImpl.render(LifecycleImpl.java:139) at javax.faces.webapp.FacesServlet.service(FacesServlet.java:266) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:290) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206) at org.ajax4jsf.webapp.BaseXMLFilter.doXmlFilter(BaseXMLFilter.java:178) at org.ajax4jsf.webapp.BaseFilter.handleRequest(BaseFilter.java:290) at org.ajax4jsf.webapp.BaseFilter.processUploadsAndHandleRequest(BaseFilter.java:388) at org.ajax4jsf.webapp.BaseFilter.doFilter(BaseFilter.java:515) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:235) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:233) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:191) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:127) at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:102) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:109) at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:298) at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.process(Http11Processor.java:852) at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol$Http11ConnectionHandler.process(Http11Protocol.java:588) at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.JIoEndpoint$Worker.run(JIoEndpoint.java:489) at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:619) 07-Mar-2010 19:05:52 com.sun.faces.lifecycle.Phase doPhase SEVERE: JSF1054: (Phase ID: RENDER_RESPONSE 6, View ID: /index.xhtml) Exception thrown during phase execution: javax.faces.event.PhaseEvent[source=com.sun.faces.lifecycle.LifecycleImpl@30f369] 07-Mar-2010 19:05:52 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve invoke SEVERE: Servlet.service() for servlet Faces Servlet threw exception java.lang.ClassCastException: com.sun.facelets.component.UIRepeat cannot be cast to org.richfaces.component.UIPanelMenuItem at org.richfaces.renderkit.html.PanelMenuRenderer.insertScript(PanelMenuRenderer.java:141) at org.richfaces.renderkit.html.HtmlPanelMenuRenderer.doEncodeEnd(HtmlPanelMenuRenderer.java:260) at org.richfaces.renderkit.html.HtmlPanelMenuRenderer.doEncodeEnd(HtmlPanelMenuRenderer.java:271) at org.ajax4jsf.renderkit.RendererBase.encodeEnd(RendererBase.java:134) at javax.faces.component.UIComponentBase.encodeEnd(UIComponentBase.java:861) at org.ajax4jsf.renderkit.RendererBase.renderChild(RendererBase.java:281) at org.ajax4jsf.renderkit.RendererBase.renderChildren(RendererBase.java:258) at org.richfaces.renderkit.TabRendererBase.encodeChildren(TabRendererBase.java:113) at javax.faces.component.UIComponentBase.encodeChildren(UIComponentBase.java:837) at org.ajax4jsf.renderkit.RendererBase.renderChild(RendererBase.java:277) at org.ajax4jsf.renderkit.RendererBase.renderChildren(RendererBase.java:258) at org.richfaces.renderkit.html.TabPanelRenderer.doEncodeChildren(TabPanelRenderer.java:266) at org.richfaces.renderkit.html.TabPanelRenderer.doEncodeChildren(TabPanelRenderer.java:261) at org.ajax4jsf.renderkit.RendererBase.encodeChildren(RendererBase.java:120) at javax.faces.component.UIComponentBase.encodeChildren(UIComponentBase.java:837) at com.sun.faces.renderkit.html_basic.HtmlBasicRenderer.encodeRecursive(HtmlBasicRenderer.java:234) at com.sun.faces.renderkit.html_basic.GridRenderer.renderRow(GridRenderer.java:180) at com.sun.faces.renderkit.html_basic.GridRenderer.encodeChildren(GridRenderer.java:127) at javax.faces.component.UIComponentBase.encodeChildren(UIComponentBase.java:837) at com.sun.faces.renderkit.html_basic.HtmlBasicRenderer.encodeRecursive(HtmlBasicRenderer.java:234) at com.sun.faces.renderkit.html_basic.HtmlBasicRenderer.encodeRecursive(HtmlBasicRenderer.java:239) at com.sun.faces.renderkit.html_basic.HtmlBasicRenderer.encodeRecursive(HtmlBasicRenderer.java:239) at com.sun.faces.renderkit.html_basic.GroupRenderer.encodeChildren(GroupRenderer.java:106) at javax.faces.component.UIComponentBase.encodeChildren(UIComponentBase.java:837) at org.ajax4jsf.renderkit.RendererBase.renderChild(RendererBase.java:277) at org.ajax4jsf.renderkit.RendererBase.renderChildren(RendererBase.java:258) at org.richfaces.renderkit.html.PanelRenderer.doEncodeChildren(PanelRenderer.java:200) at org.richfaces.renderkit.html.PanelRenderer.doEncodeChildren(PanelRenderer.java:195) at org.ajax4jsf.renderkit.RendererBase.encodeChildren(RendererBase.java:120) at javax.faces.component.UIComponentBase.encodeChildren(UIComponentBase.java:837) at org.ajax4jsf.renderkit.RendererBase.renderChild(RendererBase.java:277) at org.ajax4jsf.renderkit.RendererBase.renderChildren(RendererBase.java:258) at org.richfaces.renderkit.html.PageRenderer.doEncodeChildren(PageRenderer.java:265) at org.richfaces.renderkit.html.PageRenderer.doEncodeChildren(PageRenderer.java:254) at org.ajax4jsf.renderkit.RendererBase.encodeChildren(RendererBase.java:120) at javax.faces.component.UIComponentBase.encodeChildren(UIComponentBase.java:837) at javax.faces.component.UIComponent.encodeAll(UIComponent.java:930) at javax.faces.component.UIComponent.encodeAll(UIComponent.java:933) at com.sun.facelets.FaceletViewHandler.renderView(FaceletViewHandler.java:594) at org.ajax4jsf.application.ViewHandlerWrapper.renderView(ViewHandlerWrapper.java:100) at org.ajax4jsf.application.AjaxViewHandler.renderView(AjaxViewHandler.java:176) at com.sun.faces.lifecycle.RenderResponsePhase.execute(RenderResponsePhase.java:110) at com.sun.faces.lifecycle.Phase.doPhase(Phase.java:100) at com.sun.faces.lifecycle.LifecycleImpl.render(LifecycleImpl.java:139) at javax.faces.webapp.FacesServlet.service(FacesServlet.java:266) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:290) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206) at org.ajax4jsf.webapp.BaseXMLFilter.doXmlFilter(BaseXMLFilter.java:178) at org.ajax4jsf.webapp.BaseFilter.handleRequest(BaseFilter.java:290) at org.ajax4jsf.webapp.BaseFilter.processUploadsAndHandleRequest(BaseFilter.java:388) at org.ajax4jsf.webapp.BaseFilter.doFilter(BaseFilter.java:515) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:235) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:233) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:191) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:127) at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:102) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:109) at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:298) at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.process(Http11Processor.java:852) at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol$Http11ConnectionHandler.process(Http11Protocol.java:588) at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.JIoEndpoint$Worker.run(JIoEndpoint.java:489) at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:619) |STDOUT| 2010-03-07 19:05:52,683 | ERROR | [http-8181-1]: Exception in the filter chain javax.servlet.ServletException: com.sun.facelets.component.UIRepeat cannot be cast to org.richfaces.component.UIPanelMenuItem at javax.faces.webapp.FacesServlet.service(FacesServlet.java:277) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:290) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206) at org.ajax4jsf.webapp.BaseXMLFilter.doXmlFilter(BaseXMLFilter.java:178) at org.ajax4jsf.webapp.BaseFilter.handleRequest(BaseFilter.java:290) at org.ajax4jsf.webapp.BaseFilter.processUploadsAndHandleRequest(BaseFilter.java:388) at org.ajax4jsf.webapp.BaseFilter.doFilter(BaseFilter.java:515) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:235) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:233) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:191) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:127) at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:102) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:109) at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:298) at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.process(Http11Processor.java:852) at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol$Http11ConnectionHandler.process(Http11Protocol.java:588) at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.JIoEndpoint$Worker.run(JIoEndpoint.java:489) at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:619) Caused by: java.lang.ClassCastException: com.sun.facelets.component.UIRepeat cannot be cast to org.richfaces.component.UIPanelMenuItem at org.richfaces.renderkit.html.PanelMenuRenderer.insertScript(PanelMenuRenderer.java:141) at org.richfaces.renderkit.html.HtmlPanelMenuRenderer.doEncodeEnd(HtmlPanelMenuRenderer.java:260) at org.richfaces.renderkit.html.HtmlPanelMenuRenderer.doEncodeEnd(HtmlPanelMenuRenderer.java:271) at org.ajax4jsf.renderkit.RendererBase.encodeEnd(RendererBase.java:134) at javax.faces.component.UIComponentBase.encodeEnd(UIComponentBase.java:861) at org.ajax4jsf.renderkit.RendererBase.renderChild(RendererBase.java:281) at org.ajax4jsf.renderkit.RendererBase.renderChildren(RendererBase.java:258) at org.richfaces.renderkit.TabRendererBase.encodeChildren(TabRendererBase.java:113) at javax.faces.component.UIComponentBase.encodeChildren(UIComponentBase.java:837) at org.ajax4jsf.renderkit.RendererBase.renderChild(RendererBase.java:277) at org.ajax4jsf.renderkit.RendererBase.renderChildren(RendererBase.java:258) at org.richfaces.renderkit.html.TabPanelRenderer.doEncodeChildren(TabPanelRenderer.java:266) at org.richfaces.renderkit.html.TabPanelRenderer.doEncodeChildren(TabPanelRenderer.java:261) at org.ajax4jsf.renderkit.RendererBase.encodeChildren(RendererBase.java:120) at javax.faces.component.UIComponentBase.encodeChildren(UIComponentBase.java:837) at com.sun.faces.renderkit.html_basic.HtmlBasicRenderer.encodeRecursive(HtmlBasicRenderer.java:234) at com.sun.faces.renderkit.html_basic.GridRenderer.renderRow(GridRenderer.java:180) at com.sun.faces.renderkit.html_basic.GridRenderer.encodeChildren(GridRenderer.java:127) at javax.faces.component.UIComponentBase.encodeChildren(UIComponentBase.java:837) at com.sun.faces.renderkit.html_basic.HtmlBasicRenderer.encodeRecursive(HtmlBasicRenderer.java:234) at com.sun.faces.renderkit.html_basic.HtmlBasicRenderer.encodeRecursive(HtmlBasicRenderer.java:239) at com.sun.faces.renderkit.html_basic.HtmlBasicRenderer.encodeRecursive(HtmlBasicRenderer.java:239) at com.sun.faces.renderkit.html_basic.GroupRenderer.encodeChildren(GroupRenderer.java:106) at javax.faces.component.UIComponentBase.encodeChildren(UIComponentBase.java:837) at org.ajax4jsf.renderkit.RendererBase.renderChild(RendererBase.java:277) at org.ajax4jsf.renderkit.RendererBase.renderChildren(RendererBase.java:258) at org.richfaces.renderkit.html.PanelRenderer.doEncodeChildren(PanelRenderer.java:200) at org.richfaces.renderkit.html.PanelRenderer.doEncodeChildren(PanelRenderer.java:195) at org.ajax4jsf.renderkit.RendererBase.encodeChildren(RendererBase.java:120) at javax.faces.component.UIComponentBase.encodeChildren(UIComponentBase.java:837) at org.ajax4jsf.renderkit.RendererBase.renderChild(RendererBase.java:277) at org.ajax4jsf.renderkit.RendererBase.renderChildren(RendererBase.java:258) at org.richfaces.renderkit.html.PageRenderer.doEncodeChildren(PageRenderer.java:265) at org.richfaces.renderkit.html.PageRenderer.doEncodeChildren(PageRenderer.java:254) at org.ajax4jsf.renderkit.RendererBase.encodeChildren(RendererBase.java:120) at javax.faces.component.UIComponentBase.encodeChildren(UIComponentBase.java:837) at javax.faces.component.UIComponent.encodeAll(UIComponent.java:930) at javax.faces.component.UIComponent.encodeAll(UIComponent.java:933) at com.sun.facelets.FaceletViewHandler.renderView(FaceletViewHandler.java:594) at org.ajax4jsf.application.ViewHandlerWrapper.renderView(ViewHandlerWrapper.java:100) at org.ajax4jsf.application.AjaxViewHandler.renderView(AjaxViewHandler.java:176) at com.sun.faces.lifecycle.RenderResponsePhase.execute(RenderResponsePhase.java:110) at com.sun.faces.lifecycle.Phase.doPhase(Phase.java:100) at com.sun.faces.lifecycle.LifecycleImpl.render(LifecycleImpl.java:139) at javax.faces.webapp.FacesServlet.service(FacesServlet.java:266) ... 18 more

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Returning a list from a function in Python

- by Jasper

Hi, I'm creating a game for my sister, and I want a function to return a list variable, so I can pass it to another variable. The relevant code is as follows: def startNewGame(): while 1: #Introduction: print print """Hello, You will now be guided through the setup process. There are 7 steps to this. You can cancel setup at any time by typing 'cancelSetup' Thankyou""" #Step 1 (Name): print print """Step 1 of 7: Type in a name for your PotatoHead: """ inputPHName = raw_input('|Enter Name:|') if inputPHName == 'cancelSetup': sys.exit() #Step 2 (Gender): print print """Step 2 of 7: Choose the gender of your PotatoHead: input either 'm' or 'f' """ inputPHGender = raw_input('|Enter Gender:|') if inputPHGender == 'cancelSetup': sys.exit() #Step 3 (Colour): print print """Step 3 of 7: Choose the colour your PotatoHead will be: Only Red, Blue, Green and Yellow are currently supported """ inputPHColour = raw_input('|Enter Colour:|') if inputPHColour == 'cancelSetup': sys.exit() #Step 4 (Favourite Thing): print print """Step 4 of 7: Type your PotatoHead's favourite thing: """ inputPHFavThing = raw_input('|Enter Favourite Thing:|') if inputPHFavThing == 'cancelSetup': sys.exit() # Step 5 (First Toy): print print """Step 5 of 7: Choose a first toy for your PotatoHead: """ inputPHFirstToy = raw_input('|Enter First Toy:|') if inputPHFirstToy == 'cancelSetup': sys.exit() #Step 6 (Check stats): while 1: print print """Step 6 of 7: Check the following details to make sure that they are correct: """ print print """Name:\t\t\t""" + inputPHName + """ Gender:\t\t\t""" + inputPHGender + """ Colour:\t\t\t""" + inputPHColour + """ Favourite Thing:\t""" + inputPHFavThing + """ First Toy:\t\t""" + inputPHFirstToy + """ """ print print "Enter 'y' or 'n'" inputMCheckStats = raw_input('|Is this information correct?|') if inputMCheckStats == 'cancelSetup': sys.exit() elif inputMCheckStats == 'y': break elif inputMCheckStats == 'n': print "Re-enter info: ..." print break else: "The value you entered was incorrect, please re-enter your choice" if inputMCheckStats == 'y': break #Step 7 (Define variables for the creation of the PotatoHead): MFCreatePH = [] print print """Step 7 of 7: Your PotatoHead will now be created... Creating variables... """ MFCreatePH = [inputPHName, inputPHGender, inputPHColour, inputPHFavThing, inputPHFirstToy] time.sleep(1) print "inputPHName" print time.sleep(1) print "inputPHFirstToy" print return MFCreatePH print "Your PotatoHead varibles have been successfully created!" Then it is passed to another function that was imported from another module from potatohead import * ... welcomeMessage() MCreatePH = startGame() myPotatoHead = PotatoHead(MCreatePH) the code for the PotatoHead object is in the potatohead.py module which was imported above, and is as follows: class PotatoHead: #Initialise the PotatoHead object: def __init__(self, data): self.data = data #Takes the data from the start new game function - see main.py #Defines the PotatoHead starting attributes: self.name = data[0] self.gender = data[1] self.colour = data[2] self.favouriteThing = data[3] self.firstToy = data[4] self.age = '0.0' self.education = [self.eduScience, self.eduEnglish, self.eduMaths] = '0.0', '0.0', '0.0' self.fitness = '0.0' self.happiness = '10.0' self.health = '10.0' self.hunger = '0.0' self.tiredness = 'Not in this version' self.toys = [] self.toys.append(self.firstToy) self.time = '0' #Sets data lists for saving, loading and general use: self.phData = (self.name, self.gender, self.colour, self.favouriteThing, self.firstToy) self.phAdvData = (self.name, self.gender, self.colour, self.favouriteThing, self.firstToy, self.age, self.education, self.fitness, self.happiness, self.health, self.hunger, self.tiredness, self.toys) However, when I run the program this error appears: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/Users/Jasper/Documents/Programming/Potato Head Game/Current/main.py", line 158, in <module> myPotatoHead = PotatoHead(MCreatePH) File "/Users/Jasper/Documents/Programming/Potato Head Game/Current/potatohead.py", line 15, in __init__ self.name = data[0] TypeError: 'NoneType' object is unsubscriptable What am i doing wrong? -----EDIT----- The program finishes as so: Step 7 of 7: Your PotatoHead will now be created... Creating variables... inputPHName inputPHFirstToy Then it goes to the Tracback -----EDIT2----- This is the EXACT code I'm running in its entirety: #+--------------------------------------+# #| main.py |# #| A main module for the Potato Head |# #| Game to pull the other modules |# #| together and control through user |# #| input |# #| Author: |# #| Date Created / Modified: |# #| 3/2/10 | 20/2/10 |# #+--------------------------------------+# Tested: No #Import the required modules: import time import random import sys from potatohead import * from toy import * #Start the Game: def welcomeMessage(): print "----- START NEW GAME -----------------------" print "==Print Welcome Message==" print "loading... \t loading... \t loading..." time.sleep(1) print "loading..." time.sleep(1) print "LOADED..." print; print; print; print """Hello, Welcome to the Potato Head Game. In this game you can create a Potato Head, and look after it, like a Virtual Pet. This game is constantly being updated and expanded. Please look out for updates. """ #Choose whether to start a new game or load a previously saved game: def startGame(): while 1: print "--------------------" print """ Choose an option: New_Game or Load_Game """ startGameInput = raw_input('>>> >') if startGameInput == 'New_Game': startNewGame() break elif startGameInput == 'Load_Game': print "This function is not yet supported" print "Try Again" print else: print "You must have mistyped the command: Type either 'New_Game' or 'Load_Game'" print #Set the new game up: def startNewGame(): while 1: #Introduction: print print """Hello, You will now be guided through the setup process. There are 7 steps to this. You can cancel setup at any time by typing 'cancelSetup' Thankyou""" #Step 1 (Name): print print """Step 1 of 7: Type in a name for your PotatoHead: """ inputPHName = raw_input('|Enter Name:|') if inputPHName == 'cancelSetup': sys.exit() #Step 2 (Gender): print print """Step 2 of 7: Choose the gender of your PotatoHead: input either 'm' or 'f' """ inputPHGender = raw_input('|Enter Gender:|') if inputPHGender == 'cancelSetup': sys.exit() #Step 3 (Colour): print print """Step 3 of 7: Choose the colour your PotatoHead will be: Only Red, Blue, Green and Yellow are currently supported """ inputPHColour = raw_input('|Enter Colour:|') if inputPHColour == 'cancelSetup': sys.exit() #Step 4 (Favourite Thing): print print """Step 4 of 7: Type your PotatoHead's favourite thing: """ inputPHFavThing = raw_input('|Enter Favourite Thing:|') if inputPHFavThing == 'cancelSetup': sys.exit() # Step 5 (First Toy): print print """Step 5 of 7: Choose a first toy for your PotatoHead: """ inputPHFirstToy = raw_input('|Enter First Toy:|') if inputPHFirstToy == 'cancelSetup': sys.exit() #Step 6 (Check stats): while 1: print print """Step 6 of 7: Check the following details to make sure that they are correct: """ print print """Name:\t\t\t""" + inputPHName + """ Gender:\t\t\t""" + inputPHGender + """ Colour:\t\t\t""" + inputPHColour + """ Favourite Thing:\t""" + inputPHFavThing + """ First Toy:\t\t""" + inputPHFirstToy + """ """ print print "Enter 'y' or 'n'" inputMCheckStats = raw_input('|Is this information correct?|') if inputMCheckStats == 'cancelSetup': sys.exit() elif inputMCheckStats == 'y': break elif inputMCheckStats == 'n': print "Re-enter info: ..." print break else: "The value you entered was incorrect, please re-enter your choice" if inputMCheckStats == 'y': break #Step 7 (Define variables for the creation of the PotatoHead): MFCreatePH = [] print print """Step 7 of 7: Your PotatoHead will now be created... Creating variables... """ MFCreatePH = [inputPHName, inputPHGender, inputPHColour, inputPHFavThing, inputPHFirstToy] time.sleep(1) print "inputPHName" print time.sleep(1) print "inputPHFirstToy" print return MFCreatePH print "Your PotatoHead varibles have been successfully created!" #Run Program: welcomeMessage() MCreatePH = startGame() myPotatoHead = PotatoHead(MCreatePH) The potatohead.py module is as follows: #+--------------------------------------+# #| potatohead.py |# #| A module for the Potato Head Game |# #| Author: |# #| Date Created / Modified: |# #| 24/1/10 | 24/1/10 |# #+--------------------------------------+# Tested: Yes (24/1/10) #Create the PotatoHead class: class PotatoHead: #Initialise the PotatoHead object: def __init__(self, data): self.data = data #Takes the data from the start new game function - see main.py #Defines the PotatoHead starting attributes: self.name = data[0] self.gender = data[1] self.colour = data[2] self.favouriteThing = data[3] self.firstToy = data[4] self.age = '0.0' self.education = [self.eduScience, self.eduEnglish, self.eduMaths] = '0.0', '0.0', '0.0' self.fitness = '0.0' self.happiness = '10.0' self.health = '10.0' self.hunger = '0.0' self.tiredness = 'Not in this version' self.toys = [] self.toys.append(self.firstToy) self.time = '0' #Sets data lists for saving, loading and general use: self.phData = (self.name, self.gender, self.colour, self.favouriteThing, self.firstToy) self.phAdvData = (self.name, self.gender, self.colour, self.favouriteThing, self.firstToy, self.age, self.education, self.fitness, self.happiness, self.health, self.hunger, self.tiredness, self.toys) #Define the phStats variable, enabling easy display of PotatoHead attributes: def phDefStats(self): self.phStats = """Your Potato Head's Stats are as follows: ---------------------------------------- Name: \t\t""" + self.name + """ Gender: \t\t""" + self.gender + """ Colour: \t\t""" + self.colour + """ Favourite Thing: \t""" + self.favouriteThing + """ First Toy: \t""" + self.firstToy + """ Age: \t\t""" + self.age + """ Education: \t""" + str(float(self.eduScience) + float(self.eduEnglish) + float(self.eduMaths)) + """ -> Science: \t""" + self.eduScience + """ -> English: \t""" + self.eduEnglish + """ -> Maths: \t""" + self.eduMaths + """ Fitness: \t""" + self.fitness + """ Happiness: \t""" + self.happiness + """ Health: \t""" + self.health + """ Hunger: \t""" + self.hunger + """ Tiredness: \t""" + self.tiredness + """ Toys: \t\t""" + str(self.toys) + """ Time: \t\t""" + self.time + """ """ #Change the PotatoHead's favourite thing: def phChangeFavouriteThing(self, newFavouriteThing): self.favouriteThing = newFavouriteThing phChangeFavouriteThingMsg = "Your Potato Head's favourite thing is " + self.favouriteThing + "." #"Feed" the Potato Head i.e. Reduce the 'self.hunger' attribute's value: def phFeed(self): if float(self.hunger) >=3.0: self.hunger = str(float(self.hunger) - 3.0) elif float(self.hunger) < 3.0: self.hunger = '0.0' self.time = str(int(self.time) + 1) #Pass time #"Exercise" the Potato Head if between the ages of 5 and 25: def phExercise(self): if float(self.age) < 5.1 or float(self.age) > 25.1: print "This Potato Head is either too young or too old for this activity!" else: if float(self.fitness) <= 8.0: self.fitness = str(float(self.fitness) + 2.0) elif float(self.fitness) > 8.0: self.fitness = '10.0' self.time = str(int(self.time) + 1) #Pass time #"Teach" the Potato Head: def phTeach(self, subject): if subject == 'Science': if float(self.eduScience) <= 9.0: self.eduScience = str(float(self.eduScience) + 1.0) elif float(self.eduScience) > 9.0 and float(self.eduScience) < 10.0: self.eduScience = '10.0' elif float(self.eduScience) == 10.0: print "Your Potato Head has gained the highest level of qualifications in this subject! It cannot learn any more!" elif subject == 'English': if float(self.eduEnglish) <= 9.0: self.eduEnglish = str(float(self.eduEnglish) + 1.0) elif float(self.eduEnglish) > 9.0 and float(self.eduEnglish) < 10.0: self.eduEnglish = '10.0' elif float(self.eduEnglish) == 10.0: print "Your Potato Head has gained the highest level of qualifications in this subject! It cannot learn any more!" elif subject == 'Maths': if float(self.eduMaths) <= 9.0: self.eduMaths = str(float(self.eduMaths) + 1.0) elif float(self.eduMaths) > 9.0 and float(self.eduMaths) < 10.0: self.eduMaths = '10.0' elif float(self.eduMaths) == 10.0: print "Your Potato Head has gained the highest level of qualifications in this subject! It cannot learn any more!" else: print "That subject is not an option..." print "Please choose either Science, English or Maths" self.time = str(int(self.time) + 1) #Pass time #Increase Health: def phGoToDoctor(self): self.health = '10.0' self.time = str(int(self.time) + 1) #Pass time #Sleep: Age, change stats: #(Time Passes) def phSleep(self): self.time = '0' #Resets time for next 'day' (can do more things next day) #Increase hunger: if float(self.hunger) <= 5.0: self.hunger = str(float(self.hunger) + 5.0) elif float(self.hunger) > 5.0: self.hunger = '10.0' #Lower Fitness: if float(self.fitness) >= 0.5: self.fitness = str(float(self.fitness) - 0.5) elif float(self.fitness) < 0.5: self.fitness = '0.0' #Lower Health: if float(self.health) >= 0.5: self.health = str(float(self.health) - 0.5) elif float(self.health) < 0.5: self.health = '0.0' #Lower Happiness: if float(self.happiness) >= 2.0: self.happiness = str(float(self.happiness) - 2.0) elif float(self.happiness) < 2.0: self.happiness = '0.0' #Increase the Potato Head's age: self.age = str(float(self.age) + 0.1) The game is still under development - There may be parts of modules that aren't complete, but I don't think they're causing the problem

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Slowdowns when reading from an urlconnection's inputstream (even with byte[] and buffers)

- by user342677

Ok so after spending two days trying to figure out the problem, and reading about dizillion articles, i finally decided to man up and ask to for some advice(my first time here). Now to the issue at hand - I am writing a program which will parse api data from a game, namely battle logs. There will be A LOT of entries in the database(20+ million) and so the parsing speed for each battle log page matters quite a bit. The pages to be parsed look like this: http://api.erepublik.com/v1/feeds/battle_logs/10000/0. (see source code if using chrome, it doesnt display the page right). It has 1000 hit entries, followed by a little battle info(lastpage will have <1000 obviously). On average, a page contains 175000 characters, UTF-8 encoding, xml format(v 1.0). Program will run locally on a good PC, memory is virtually unlimited(so that creating byte[250000] is quite ok). The format never changes, which is quite convenient. Now, I started off as usual: //global vars,class declaration skipped public WebObject(String url_string, int connection_timeout, int read_timeout, boolean redirects_allowed, String user_agent) throws java.net.MalformedURLException, java.io.IOException { // Open a URL connection java.net.URL url = new java.net.URL(url_string); java.net.URLConnection uconn = url.openConnection(); if (!(uconn instanceof java.net.HttpURLConnection)) { throw new java.lang.IllegalArgumentException("URL protocol must be HTTP"); } conn = (java.net.HttpURLConnection) uconn; conn.setConnectTimeout(connection_timeout); conn.setReadTimeout(read_timeout); conn.setInstanceFollowRedirects(redirects_allowed); conn.setRequestProperty("User-agent", user_agent); } public void executeConnection() throws IOException { try { is = conn.getInputStream(); //global var l = conn.getContentLength(); //global var } catch (Exception e) { //handling code skipped } } //getContentStream and getLength methods which just return'is' and 'l' are skipped Here is where the fun part began. I ran some profiling (using System.currentTimeMillis()) to find out what takes long ,and what doesnt. The call to this method takes only 200ms on avg public InputStream getWebPageAsStream(int battle_id, int page) throws Exception { String url = "http://api.erepublik.com/v1/feeds/battle_logs/" + battle_id + "/" + page; WebObject wobj = new WebObject(url, 10000, 10000, true, "Mozilla/5.0 " + "(Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.9.2.3) Gecko/20100401 Firefox/3.6.3 ( .NET CLR 3.5.30729)"); wobj.executeConnection(); l = wobj.getContentLength(); // global variable return wobj.getContentStream(); //returns 'is' stream } 200ms is quite expected from a network operation, and i am fine with it. BUT when i parse the inputStream in any way(read it into string/use java XML parser/read it into another ByteArrayStream) the process takes over 1000ms! for example, this code takes 1000ms IF i pass the stream i got('is') above from getContentStream() directly to this method: public static Document convertToXML(InputStream is) throws ParserConfigurationException, IOException, SAXException { DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance(); DocumentBuilder db = dbf.newDocumentBuilder(); Document doc = db.parse(is); doc.getDocumentElement().normalize(); return doc; } this code too, takes around 920ms IF the initial InputStream 'is' is passed in(dont read into the code itself - it just extracts the data i need by directly counting the characters, which can be done thanks to the rigid api feed format): public static parsedBattlePage convertBattleToXMLWithoutDOM(InputStream is) throws IOException { // Point A BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is)); LinkedList ll = new LinkedList(); String str = br.readLine(); while (str != null) { ll.add(str); str = br.readLine(); } if (((String) ll.get(1)).indexOf("error") != -1) { return new parsedBattlePage(null, null, true, -1); } //Point B Iterator it = ll.iterator(); it.next(); it.next(); it.next(); it.next(); String[][] hits_arr = new String[1000][4]; String t_str = (String) it.next(); String tmp = null; int j = 0; for (int i = 0; t_str.indexOf("time") != -1; i++) { hits_arr[i][0] = t_str.substring(12, t_str.length() - 11); tmp = (String) it.next(); hits_arr[i][1] = tmp.substring(14, tmp.length() - 9); tmp = (String) it.next(); hits_arr[i][2] = tmp.substring(15, tmp.length() - 10); tmp = (String) it.next(); hits_arr[i][3] = tmp.substring(18, tmp.length() - 13); it.next(); it.next(); t_str = (String) it.next(); j++; } String[] b_info_arr = new String[9]; int[] space_nums = {13, 10, 13, 11, 11, 12, 5, 10, 13}; for (int i = 0; i < space_nums.length; i++) { tmp = (String) it.next(); b_info_arr[i] = tmp.substring(space_nums[i] + 4, tmp.length() - space_nums[i] - 1); } //Point C return new parsedBattlePage(hits_arr, b_info_arr, false, j); } I have tried replacing the default BufferedReader with BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is), 250000); This didnt change much. My second try was to replace the code between A and B with: Iterator it = IOUtils.lineIterator(is, "UTF-8"); Same result, except this time A-B was 0ms, and B-C was 1000ms, so then every call to it.next() must have been consuming some significant time.(IOUtils is from apache-commons-io library). And here is the culprit - the time taken to parse the stream to string, be it by an iterator or BufferedReader in ALL cases was about 1000ms, while the rest of the code took 0ms(e.g. irrelevant). This means that parsing the stream to LinkedList, or iterating over it, for some reason was eating up a lot of my system resources. question was - why? Is it just the way java is made...no...thats just stupid, so I did another experiment. In my main method I added after the getWebPageAsStream(): //Point A ba = new byte[l]; // 'l' comes from wobj.getContentLength above bytesRead = is.read(ba); //'is' is our URLConnection original InputStream offset = bytesRead; while (bytesRead != -1) { bytesRead = is.read(ba, offset - 1, l - offset); offset += bytesRead; } //Point B InputStream is2 = new ByteArrayInputStream(ba); //Now just working with 'is2' - the "copied" stream The InputStream-byte[] conversion took again 1000ms - this is the way many ppl suggested to read an InputStream, and stil it is slow. And guess what - the 2 parser methods above (convertToXML() and convertBattlePagetoXMLWithoutDOM(), when passed 'is2' instead of 'is' took, in all 4 cases, under 50ms to complete. I read a suggestion that the stream waits for connection to close before unblocking, so i tried using HttpComponentsClient 4.0 (http://hc.apache.org/httpcomponents-client/index.html) instead, but the initial InputStream took just as long to parse. e.g. this code: public InputStream getWebPageAsStream2(int battle_id, int page) throws Exception { String url = "http://api.erepublik.com/v1/feeds/battle_logs/" + battle_id + "/" + page; HttpClient httpclient = new DefaultHttpClient(); HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet(url); HttpParams p = new BasicHttpParams(); HttpConnectionParams.setSocketBufferSize(p, 250000); HttpConnectionParams.setStaleCheckingEnabled(p, false); HttpConnectionParams.setConnectionTimeout(p, 5000); httpget.setParams(p); HttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget); HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity(); l = (int) entity.getContentLength(); return entity.getContent(); } took even longer to process(50ms more for just the network) and the stream parsing times remained the same. Obviously it can be instantiated so as to not create HttpClient and properties every time(faster network time), but the stream issue wont be affected by that. So we come to the center problem - why does the initial URLConnection InputStream(or HttpClient InputStream) take so long to process, while any stream of same size and content created locally is orders of magnitude faster? I mean, the initial response is already somewhere in RAM, and I cant see any good reasong why it is processed so slowly compared to when a same stream is just created from a byte[]. Considering I have to parse million of entries and thousands of pages like that, a total processing time of almost 1.5s/page seems WAY WAY too long. Any ideas? P.S. Please ask in any more code is required - the only thing I do after parsing is make a PreparedStatement and put the entries into JavaDB in packs of 1000+, and the perfomance is ok ~ 200ms/1000entries, prb could be optimized with more cache but I didnt look into it much.

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Java Mvc And Hibernate

- by GigaPr

Hi i am trying to learn Java, Hibernate and the MVC pattern. Following various tutorial online i managed to map my database, i have created few Main methods to test it and it works. Furthermore i have created few pages using the MVC patter and i am able to display some mock data as well in a view. the problem is i can not connect the two. this is what i have My view Looks like this <%@ include file="/WEB-INF/jsp/include.jsp" %> <html> <head> <title>Users</title> <%@ include file="/WEB-INF/jsp/head.jsp" %> </head> <body> <%@ include file="/WEB-INF/jsp/header.jsp" %> <img src="images/rss.png" alt="Rss Feed"/> <%@ include file="/WEB-INF/jsp/menu.jsp" %> <div class="ContainerIntroText"> <img src="images/usersList.png" class="marginL150px" alt="Add New User"/> <br/> <br/> <div class="usersList"> <div class="listHeaders"> <div class="headerBox"> <strong>FirstName</strong> </div> <div class="headerBox"> <strong>LastName</strong> </div> <div class="headerBox"> <strong>Username</strong> </div> <div class="headerAction"> <strong>Edit</strong> </div> <div class="headerAction"> <strong>Delete</strong> </div> </div> <br><br> <c:forEach items="${users}" var="user"> <div class="listElement"> <c:out value="${user.firstName}"/> </div> <div class="listElement"> <c:out value="${user.lastName}"/> </div> <div class="listElement"> <c:out value="${user.username}"/> </div> <div class="listElementAction"> <input type="button" name="Edit" title="Edit" value="Edit"/> </div> <div class="listElementAction"> <input type="image" src="images/delete.png" name="image" alt="Delete" > </div> <br /> </c:forEach> </div> </div> <a id="addUser" href="addUser.htm" title="Click to add a new user"> </a> </body> </html> My controller public class UsersController implements Controller { private UserServiceImplementation userServiceImplementation; public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView("users"); List<User> users = this.userServiceImplementation.get(); modelAndView.addObject("users", users); return modelAndView; } public UserServiceImplementation getUserServiceImplementation() { return userServiceImplementation; } public void setUserServiceImplementation(UserServiceImplementation userServiceImplementation) { this.userServiceImplementation = userServiceImplementation; } } My servelet definitions <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">  <bean name="/home.htm" class="com.rssFeed.mvc.HomeController"/> <bean name="/rssFeeds.htm" class="com.rssFeed.mvc.RssFeedsController"/> <bean name="/addUser.htm" class="com.rssFeed.mvc.AddUserController"/> <bean name="/users.htm" class="com.rssFeed.mvc.UsersController"> <property name="userServiceImplementation" ref="userServiceImplementation"/> </bean> <bean id="userServiceImplementation" class="com.rssFeed.ServiceImplementation.UserServiceImplementation"> <property name="users"> <list> <ref bean="user1"/> <ref bean="user2"/> </list> </property> </bean> <bean id="user1" class="com.rssFeed.domain.User"> <property name="firstName" value="firstName1"/> <property name="lastName" value="lastName1"/> <property name="username" value="username1"/> <property name="password" value="password1"/> </bean> <bean id="user2" class="com.rssFeed.domain.User"> <property name="firstName" value="firstName2"/> <property name="lastName" value="lastName2"/> <property name="username" value="username2"/> <property name="password" value="password2"/> </bean> <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"></property> <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"></property> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property> </bean> </beans> and finally this class to access the database public class HibernateUserDao extends HibernateDaoSupport implements UserDao { public void addUser(User user) { getHibernateTemplate().saveOrUpdate(user); } public List<User> get() { User user1 = new User(); user1.setFirstName("FirstName"); user1.setLastName("LastName"); user1.setUsername("Username"); user1.setPassword("Password"); List<User> users = new LinkedList<User>(); users.add(user1); return users; } public User get(int id) { throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported yet."); } public User get(String username) { return null; } } the database connection occurs in this file <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.0.xsd"> <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource"> <property name="driverClassName" value="org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver"/> <property name="url" value="jdbc:hsqldb:hsql://localhost/rss"/> <property name="username" value="sa"/> <property name="password" value=""/> </bean> <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" > <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" /> <property name="mappingResources"> <list> <value>com/rssFeed/domain/User.hbm.xml</value> </list> </property> <property name="hibernateProperties" > <props> <prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.HSQLDialect</prop> </props> </property> </bean> <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/> </bean> <bean id="userDao" class="com.rssFeed.dao.hibernate.HibernateUserDao"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/> </bean> </beans> Could you help me to solve this problem i spent the last 4 days and nights on this issue without any success Thanks

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Facebook android app keeps crashing even though there are no errors in my code. Why?

- by user1554479

If you import the facebook SDK library, the code works (ignore the deprecated methods for now lol) and there are no errors or warnings. However, when I run my facebook app on my Android 2.2 or 4.2 emulator, the app crashes either upon opening or after the log on screen. Why? Is it because I'm not implementing Async Task? If so, how does that work? Here's my code: package com.sara.facebookappl; import java.io.IOException; import java.net.MalformedURLException; import java.net.URL; import org.json.JSONException; import org.json.JSONObject; import android.app.Activity; import android.content.Intent; import android.content.SharedPreferences; import android.content.SharedPreferences.Editor; import android.os.Bundle; import android.os.StrictMode; import android.view.Menu; import android.view.View; import android.view.View.OnClickListener; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.ImageView; import android.widget.TextView; import android.widget.Toast; import com.facebook.android.DialogError; import com.facebook.android.Facebook; import com.facebook.android.Facebook.DialogListener; import com.facebook.android.FacebookError; import com.facebook.android.Util; public class MainActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener, DialogListener { Facebook fb; ImageView button; SharedPreferences sp; TextView welcome; Button post; @SuppressWarnings("deprecation") @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); post=(Button)findViewById(R.id.button1); String APP_ID = getString(R.string.APP_ID); fb= new Facebook(APP_ID); sp =getPreferences(MODE_PRIVATE); String access_token=sp.getString("access_token", null); long expires=sp.getLong("access_expires", 0); if (access_token !=null) { fb.setAccessToken(access_token); } if(expires !=0) { fb.setAccessExpires(expires); } button=(ImageView)findViewById(R.id.login); button.setOnClickListener((OnClickListener) this); updateButtonImage(); } @SuppressWarnings("deprecation") private void updateButtonImage() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub post.setVisibility(Button.VISIBLE); button.setImageResource(R.drawable.com_facebook_loginbutton_blue); //logout button if (fb.isSessionValid()) { button.setImageResource(R.drawable.com_facebook_loginbutton_blue); // ^logout button JSONObject obj=null; URL img_url =null; try { String jsonUser= fb.request("me"); obj = Util.parseJson(jsonUser); String id=obj.optString("id"); String name = obj.optString("name"); welcome.setText("Welcome, " + name); }catch(FacebookError e) { e.printStackTrace(); }catch (JSONException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }catch (MalformedURLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }else { post.setVisibility(Button.VISIBLE); button.setImageResource(R.drawable.com_facebook_loginbutton_blue); } } @SuppressWarnings("deprecation") public void buttonClicks(View v) { switch (v.getId()) { case R.id.button1: //post Bundle params= new Bundle(); params.putString("name", "User X"); params.putString("caption", "Rating"); params.putString("description", "User X Rated"); params.putString("link", "http://..."); fb.dialog(MainActivity.this, "feed", params, new Facebook.DialogListener() { @Override public void onFacebookError(FacebookError e) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } @Override public void onError(DialogError e) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } @Override public void onComplete(Bundle values) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } @Override public void onCancel() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } }); break; } } @SuppressWarnings("deprecation") public void onClick(View v) { if(fb.isSessionValid()) { try { fb.logout(getApplicationContext()); updateButtonImage(); //button will close our our session }catch(MalformedURLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch(IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }else{ //login into facebook fb.authorize(MainActivity.this, new String[] {"email"}, new Facebook.DialogListener() { @Override public void onFacebookError(FacebookError e) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "fbError", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } @Override public void onError(DialogError e) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "onError", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } @Override public void onComplete(Bundle values) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub Editor editor=sp.edit(); editor.putString("access_token", fb.getAccessToken()); editor.putLong("access_expires", fb.getAccessExpires()); editor.commit(); updateButtonImage(); } @Override public void onCancel() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "onCancel", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } }); } } @Override public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) { // Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present. getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.activity_main, menu); return true; } @SuppressWarnings("deprecation") @Override protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) { super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data); fb.authorizeCallback(requestCode, resultCode, data); } @Override public void onComplete(Bundle values) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } @Override public void onFacebookError(FacebookError e) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } @Override public void onError(DialogError e) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } @Override public void onCancel() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } } LogCat Errors: 12-16 04:56:59.070: E/AndroidRuntime(822): FATAL EXCEPTION: main 12-16 04:56:59.070: E/AndroidRuntime(822): java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to start activity ComponentInfo{com.sara.facebookappl/com.sara.facebookappl.MainActivity}: android.os.NetworkOnMainThreadException 12-16 04:56:59.070: E/AndroidRuntime(822): at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2180) 12-16 04:56:59.070: E/AndroidRuntime(822): at android.app.ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2230) 12-16 04:56:59.070: E/AndroidRuntime(822): at android.app.ActivityThread.access$600(ActivityThread.java:141) 12-16 04:56:59.070: E/AndroidRuntime(822): at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1234) 12-16 04:56:59.070: E/AndroidRuntime(822): at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:99) 12-16 04:56:59.070: E/AndroidRuntime(822): at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:137) 12-16 04:56:59.070: E/AndroidRuntime(822): at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:5039) 12-16 04:56:59.070: E/AndroidRuntime(822): at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method) 12-16 04:56:59.070: E/AndroidRuntime(822): at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:511) 12-16 04:56:59.070: E/AndroidRuntime(822): at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:793) 12-16 04:56:59.070: E/AndroidRuntime(822): at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:560) 12-16 04:56:59.070: E/AndroidRuntime(822): at dalvik.system.NativeStart.main(Native Method) 12-16 04:56:59.070: E/AndroidRuntime(822): Caused by: android.os.NetworkOnMainThreadException 12-16 04:56:59.070: E/AndroidRuntime(822): at android.os.StrictMode$AndroidBlockGuardPolicy.onNetwork(StrictMode.java:1117) 12-16 04:56:59.070: E/AndroidRuntime(822): at java.net.InetAddress.lookupHostByName(InetAddress.java:385) 12-16 04:56:59.070: E/AndroidRuntime(822): at java.net.InetAddress.getAllByNameImpl(InetAddress.java:236) 12-16 04:56:59.070: E/AndroidRuntime(822): at java.net.InetAddress.getAllByName(InetAddress.java:214) 12-16 04:56:59.070: E/AndroidRuntime(822): at libcore.net.http.HttpConnection.(HttpConnection.java:70) 12-16 04:56:59.070: E/AndroidRuntime(822): at libcore.net.http.HttpConnection.(HttpConnection.java:50) 12-16 04:56:59.070: E/AndroidRuntime(822): at libcore.net.http.HttpConnection$Address.connect(HttpConnection.java:340) 12-16 04:56:59.070: E/AndroidRuntime(822): at libcore.net.http.HttpConnectionPool.get(HttpConnectionPool.java:87) 12-16 04:56:59.070: E/AndroidRuntime(822): at libcore.net.http.HttpConnection.connect(HttpConnection.java:128) 12-16 04:56:59.070: E/AndroidRuntime(822): at libcore.net.http.HttpEngine.openSocketConnection(HttpEngine.java:316) 12-16 04:56:59.070: E/AndroidRuntime(822): at libcore.net.http.HttpsURLConnectionImpl$HttpsEngine.makeSslConnection(HttpsURLConnectionImpl.java:461) 12-16 04:56:59.070: E/AndroidRuntime(822): at libcore.net.http.HttpsURLConnectionImpl$HttpsEngine.connect(HttpsURLConnectionImpl.java:433) 12-16 04:56:59.070: E/AndroidRuntime(822): at libcore.net.http.HttpEngine.sendSocketRequest(HttpEngine.java:290) 12-16 04:56:59.070: E/AndroidRuntime(822): at libcore.net.http.HttpEngine.sendRequest(HttpEngine.java:240) 12-16 04:56:59.070: E/AndroidRuntime(822): at libcore.net.http.HttpURLConnectionImpl.getResponse(HttpURLConnectionImpl.java:282) 12-16 04:56:59.070: E/AndroidRuntime(822): at libcore.net.http.HttpURLConnectionImpl.getInputStream(HttpURLConnectionImpl.java:177) 12-16 04:56:59.070: E/AndroidRuntime(822): at libcore.net.http.HttpsURLConnectionImpl.getInputStream(HttpsURLConnectionImpl.java:271) 12-16 04:56:59.070: E/AndroidRuntime(822): at com.facebook.android.Util.openUrl(Util.java:219) 12-16 04:56:59.070: E/AndroidRuntime(822): at com.facebook.android.Facebook.requestImpl(Facebook.java:806) 12-16 04:56:59.070: E/AndroidRuntime(822): at com.facebook.android.Facebook.request(Facebook.java:732) 12-16 04:56:59.070: E/AndroidRuntime(822): at com.sara.facebookappl.MainActivity.updateButtonImage(MainActivity.java:83) 12-16 04:56:59.070: E/AndroidRuntime(822): at com.sara.facebookappl.MainActivity.onCreate(MainActivity.java:63) 12-16 04:56:59.070: E/AndroidRuntime(822): at android.app.Activity.performCreate(Activity.java:5104) 12-16 04:56:59.070: E/AndroidRuntime(822): at android.app.Instrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(Instrumentation.java:1080) 12-16 04:56:59.070: E/AndroidRuntime(822): at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2144) 12-16 04:56:59.070: E/AndroidRuntime(822): ... 11 more 12-16 04:56:59.090: D/dalvikvm(822): GC_CONCURRENT freed 150K, 9% free 2723K/2988K, paused 7ms+58ms, total 239ms

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Is there a Telecommunications Reference Architecture?

- by raul.goycoolea

@font-face { font-family: "Arial"; }@font-face { font-family: "Courier New"; }@font-face { font-family: "Wingdings"; }@font-face { font-family: "Cambria"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraph, li.MsoListParagraph, div.MsoListParagraph { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; }ol { margin-bottom: 0cm; }ul { margin-bottom: 0cm; } Abstract Reference architecture provides needed architectural information that can be provided in advance to an enterprise to enable consistent architectural best practices. Enterprise Reference Architecture helps business owners to actualize their strategies, vision, objectives, and principles. It evaluates the IT systems, based on Reference Architecture goals, principles, and standards. It helps to reduce IT costs by increasing functionality, availability, scalability, etc. Telecom Reference Architecture provides customers with the flexibility to view bundled service bills online with the provision of multiple services. It provides real-time, flexible billing and charging systems, to handle complex promotions, discounts, and settlements with multiple parties. This paper attempts to describe the Reference Architecture for the Telecom Enterprises. It lays the foundation for a Telecom Reference Architecture by articulating the requirements, drivers, and pitfalls for telecom service providers. It describes generic reference architecture for telecom enterprises and moves on to explain how to achieve Enterprise Reference Architecture by using SOA. Introduction A Reference Architecture provides a methodology, set of practices, template, and standards based on a set of successful solutions implemented earlier. These solutions have been generalized and structured for the depiction of both a logical and a physical architecture, based on the harvesting of a set of patterns that describe observations in a number of successful implementations. It helps as a reference for the various architectures that an enterprise can implement to solve various problems. It can be used as the starting point or the point of comparisons for various departments/business entities of a company, or for the various companies for an enterprise. It provides multiple views for multiple stakeholders. Major artifacts of the Enterprise Reference Architecture are methodologies, standards, metadata, documents, design patterns, etc. Purpose of Reference Architecture In most cases, architects spend a lot of time researching, investigating, defining, and re-arguing architectural decisions. It is like reinventing the wheel as their peers in other organizations or even the same organization have already spent a lot of time and effort defining their own architectural practices. This prevents an organization from learning from its own experiences and applying that knowledge for increased effectiveness. Reference architecture provides missing architectural information that can be provided in advance to project team members to enable consistent architectural best practices. Enterprise Reference Architecture helps an enterprise to achieve the following at the abstract level: · Reference architecture is more of a communication channel to an enterprise · Helps the business owners to accommodate to their strategies, vision, objectives, and principles. · Evaluates the IT systems based on Reference Architecture Principles · Reduces IT spending through increasing functionality, availability, scalability, etc · A Real-time Integration Model helps to reduce the latency of the data updates Is used to define a single source of Information · Provides a clear view on how to manage information and security · Defines the policy around the data ownership, product boundaries, etc. · Helps with cost optimization across project and solution portfolios by eliminating unused or duplicate investments and assets · Has a shorter implementation time and cost Once the reference architecture is in place, the set of architectural principles, standards, reference models, and best practices ensure that the aligned investments have the greatest possible likelihood of success in both the near term and the long term (TCO). Common pitfalls for Telecom Service Providers Telecom Reference Architecture serves as the first step towards maturity for a telecom service provider. During the course of our assignments/experiences with telecom players, we have come across the following observations – Some of these indicate a lack of maturity of the telecom service provider: · In markets that are growing and not so mature, it has been observed that telcos have a significant amount of in-house or home-grown applications. In some of these markets, the growth has been so rapid that IT has been unable to cope with business demands. Telcos have shown a tendency to come up with workarounds in their IT applications so as to meet business needs. · Even for core functions like provisioning or mediation, some telcos have tried to manage with home-grown applications. · Most of the applications do not have the required scalability or maintainability to sustain growth in volumes or functionality. · Applications face interoperability issues with other applications in the operator's landscape. Integrating a new application or network element requires considerable effort on the part of the other applications. · Application boundaries are not clear, and functionality that is not in the initial scope of that application gets pushed onto it. This results in the development of the multiple, small applications without proper boundaries. · Usage of Legacy OSS/BSS systems, poor Integration across Multiple COTS Products and Internal Systems. Most of the Integrations are developed on ad-hoc basis and Point-to-Point Integration. · Redundancy of the business functions in different applications • Fragmented data across the different applications and no integrated view of the strategic data • Lot of performance Issues due to the usage of the complex integration across OSS and BSS systems However, this is where the maturity of the telecom industry as a whole can be of help. The collaborative efforts of telcos to overcome some of these problems have resulted in bodies like the TM Forum. They have come up with frameworks for business processes, data, applications, and technology for telecom service providers. These could be a good starting point for telcos to clean up their enterprise landscape. Industry Trends in Telecom Reference Architecture Telecom reference architectures are evolving rapidly because telcos are facing business and IT challenges. “The reality is that there probably is no killer application, no silver bullet that the telcos can latch onto to carry them into a 21st Century.... Instead, there are probably hundreds – perhaps thousands – of niche applications.... And the only way to find which of these works for you is to try out lots of them, ramp up the ones that work, and discontinue the ones that fail.” – Martin Creaner President & CTO TM Forum. The following trends have been observed in telecom reference architecture: · Transformation of business structures to align with customer requirements · Adoption of more Internet-like technical architectures. The Web 2.0 concept is increasingly being used. · Virtualization of the traditional operations support system (OSS) · Adoption of SOA to support development of IP-based services · Adoption of frameworks like Service Delivery Platforms (SDPs) and IP Multimedia Subsystem · (IMS) to enable seamless deployment of various services over fixed and mobile networks · Replacement of in-house, customized, and stove-piped OSS/BSS with standards-based COTS products · Compliance with industry standards and frameworks like eTOM, SID, and TAM to enable seamless integration with other standards-based products Drivers of Reference Architecture The drivers of the Reference Architecture are Reference Architecture Goals, Principles, and Enterprise Vision and Telecom Transformation. The details are depicted below diagram. @font-face { font-family: "Cambria"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoCaption, li.MsoCaption, div.MsoCaption { margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; font-size: 9pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: rgb(79, 129, 189); font-weight: bold; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } Figure 1. Drivers for Reference Architecture @font-face { font-family: "Arial"; }@font-face { font-family: "Courier New"; }@font-face { font-family: "Wingdings"; }@font-face { font-family: "Cambria"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraph, li.MsoListParagraph, div.MsoListParagraph { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; }ol { margin-bottom: 0cm; }ul { margin-bottom: 0cm; } Today’s telecom reference architectures should seamlessly integrate traditional legacy-based applications and transition to next-generation network technologies (e.g., IP multimedia subsystems). This has resulted in new requirements for flexible, real-time billing and OSS/BSS systems and implications on the service provider’s organizational requirements and structure. Telecom reference architectures are today expected to: · Integrate voice, messaging, email and other VAS over fixed and mobile networks, back end systems · Be able to provision multiple services and service bundles • Deliver converged voice, video and data services · Leverage the existing Network Infrastructure · Provide real-time, flexible billing and charging systems to handle complex promotions, discounts, and settlements with multiple parties. · Support charging of advanced data services such as VoIP, On-Demand, Services (e.g. Video), IMS/SIP Services, Mobile Money, Content Services and IPTV. · Help in faster deployment of new services • Serve as an effective platform for collaboration between network IT and business organizations · Harness the potential of converging technology, networks, devices and content to develop multimedia services and solutions of ever-increasing sophistication on a single Internet Protocol (IP) · Ensure better service delivery and zero revenue leakage through real-time balance and credit management · Lower operating costs to drive profitability Enterprise Reference Architecture The Enterprise Reference Architecture (RA) fills the gap between the concepts and vocabulary defined by the reference model and the implementation. Reference architecture provides detailed architectural information in a common format such that solutions can be repeatedly designed and deployed in a consistent, high-quality, supportable fashion. This paper attempts to describe the Reference Architecture for the Telecom Application Usage and how to achieve the Enterprise Level Reference Architecture using SOA. • Telecom Reference Architecture • Enterprise SOA based Reference Architecture Telecom Reference Architecture Tele Management Forum’s New Generation Operations Systems and Software (NGOSS) is an architectural framework for organizing, integrating, and implementing telecom systems. NGOSS is a component-based framework consisting of the following elements: · The enhanced Telecom Operations Map (eTOM) is a business process framework. · The Shared Information Data (SID) model provides a comprehensive information framework that may be specialized for the needs of a particular organization. · The Telecom Application Map (TAM) is an application framework to depict the functional footprint of applications, relative to the horizontal processes within eTOM. · The Technology Neutral Architecture (TNA) is an integrated framework. TNA is an architecture that is sustainable through technology changes. NGOSS Architecture Standards are: · Centralized data · Loosely coupled distributed systems · Application components/re-use · A technology-neutral system framework with technology specific implementations · Interoperability to service provider data/processes · Allows more re-use of business components across multiple business scenarios · Workflow automation The traditional operator systems architecture consists of four layers, · Business Support System (BSS) layer, with focus toward customers and business partners. Manages order, subscriber, pricing, rating, and billing information. · Operations Support System (OSS) layer, built around product, service, and resource inventories. · Networks layer – consists of Network elements and 3rd Party Systems. · Integration Layer – to maximize application communication and overall solution flexibility. Reference architecture for telecom enterprises is depicted below. @font-face { font-family: "Arial"; }@font-face { font-family: "Courier New"; }@font-face { font-family: "Wingdings"; }@font-face { font-family: "Cambria"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoCaption, li.MsoCaption, div.MsoCaption { margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; font-size: 9pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: rgb(79, 129, 189); font-weight: bold; }p.MsoListParagraph, li.MsoListParagraph, div.MsoListParagraph { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; }ol { margin-bottom: 0cm; }ul { margin-bottom: 0cm; } Figure 2. Telecom Reference Architecture The major building blocks of any Telecom Service Provider architecture are as follows: 1. Customer Relationship Management CRM encompasses the end-to-end lifecycle of the customer: customer initiation/acquisition, sales, ordering, and service activation, customer care and support, proactive campaigns, cross sell/up sell, and retention/loyalty. CRM also includes the collection of customer information and its application to personalize, customize, and integrate delivery of service to a customer, as well as to identify opportunities for increasing the value of the customer to the enterprise. The key functionalities related to Customer Relationship Management are · Manage the end-to-end lifecycle of a customer request for products. · Create and manage customer profiles. · Manage all interactions with customers – inquiries, requests, and responses. · Provide updates to Billing and other south bound systems on customer/account related updates such as customer/ account creation, deletion, modification, request bills, final bill, duplicate bills, credit limits through Middleware. · Work with Order Management System, Product, and Service Management components within CRM. · Manage customer preferences – Involve all the touch points and channels to the customer, including contact center, retail stores, dealers, self service, and field service, as well as via any media (phone, face to face, web, mobile device, chat, email, SMS, mail, the customer's bill, etc.). · Support single interface for customer contact details, preferences, account details, offers, customer premise equipment, bill details, bill cycle details, and customer interactions. CRM applications interact with customers through customer touch points like portals, point-of-sale terminals, interactive voice response systems, etc. The requests by customers are sent via fulfillment/provisioning to billing system for ordering processing. 2. Billing and Revenue Management Billing and Revenue Management handles the collection of appropriate usage records and production of timely and accurate bills – for providing pre-bill usage information and billing to customers; for processing their payments; and for performing payment collections. In addition, it handles customer inquiries about bills, provides billing inquiry status, and is responsible for resolving billing problems to the customer's satisfaction in a timely manner. This process grouping also supports prepayment for services. The key functionalities provided by these applications are · To ensure that enterprise revenue is billed and invoices delivered appropriately to customers. · To manage customers’ billing accounts, process their payments, perform payment collections, and monitor the status of the account balance. · To ensure the timely and effective fulfillment of all customer bill inquiries and complaints. · Collect the usage records from mediation and ensure appropriate rating and discounting of all usage and pricing. · Support revenue sharing; split charging where usage is guided to an account different from the service consumer. · Support prepaid and post-paid rating. · Send notification on approach / exceeding the usage thresholds as enforced by the subscribed offer, and / or as setup by the customer. · Support prepaid, post paid, and hybrid (where some services are prepaid and the rest of the services post paid) customers and conversion from post paid to prepaid, and vice versa. · Support different billing function requirements like charge prorating, promotion, discount, adjustment, waiver, write-off, account receivable, GL Interface, late payment fee, credit control, dunning, account or service suspension, re-activation, expiry, termination, contract violation penalty, etc. · Initiate direct debit to collect payment against an invoice outstanding. · Send notification to Middleware on different events; for example, payment receipt, pre-suspension, threshold exceed, etc. Billing systems typically get usage data from mediation systems for rating and billing. They get provisioning requests from order management systems and inquiries from CRM systems. Convergent and real-time billing systems can directly get usage details from network elements. 3. Mediation Mediation systems transform/translate the Raw or Native Usage Data Records into a general format that is acceptable to billing for their rating purposes. The following lists the high-level roles and responsibilities executed by the Mediation system in the end-to-end solution. · Collect Usage Data Records from different data sources – like network elements, routers, servers – via different protocol and interfaces. · Process Usage Data Records – Mediation will process Usage Data Records as per the source format. · Validate Usage Data Records from each source. · Segregates Usage Data Records coming from each source to multiple, based on the segregation requirement of end Application. · Aggregates Usage Data Records based on the aggregation rule if any from different sources. · Consolidates multiple Usage Data Records from each source. · Delivers formatted Usage Data Records to different end application like Billing, Interconnect, Fraud Management, etc. · Generates audit trail for incoming Usage Data Records and keeps track of all the Usage Data Records at various stages of mediation process. · Checks duplicate Usage Data Records across files for a given time window. 4. Fulfillment This area is responsible for providing customers with their requested products in a timely and correct manner. It translates the customer's business or personal need into a solution that can be delivered using the specific products in the enterprise's portfolio. This process informs the customers of the status of their purchase order, and ensures completion on time, as well as ensuring a delighted customer. These processes are responsible for accepting and issuing orders. They deal with pre-order feasibility determination, credit authorization, order issuance, order status and tracking, customer update on customer order activities, and customer notification on order completion. Order management and provisioning applications fall into this category. The key functionalities provided by these applications are · Issuing new customer orders, modifying open customer orders, or canceling open customer orders; · Verifying whether specific non-standard offerings sought by customers are feasible and supportable; · Checking the credit worthiness of customers as part of the customer order process; · Testing the completed offering to ensure it is working correctly; · Updating of the Customer Inventory Database to reflect that the specific product offering has been allocated, modified, or cancelled; · Assigning and tracking customer provisioning activities; · Managing customer provisioning jeopardy conditions; and · Reporting progress on customer orders and other processes to customer. These applications typically get orders from CRM systems. They interact with network elements and billing systems for fulfillment of orders. 5. Enterprise Management This process area includes those processes that manage enterprise-wide activities and needs, or have application within the enterprise as a whole. They encompass all business management processes that · Are necessary to support the whole of the enterprise, including processes for financial management, legal management, regulatory management, process, cost, and quality management, etc.; · Are responsible for setting corporate policies, strategies, and directions, and for providing guidelines and targets for the whole of the business, including strategy development and planning for areas, such as Enterprise Architecture, that are integral to the direction and development of the business; · Occur throughout the enterprise, including processes for project management, performance assessments, cost assessments, etc. (i) Enterprise Risk Management: Enterprise Risk Management focuses on assuring that risks and threats to the enterprise value and/or reputation are identified, and appropriate controls are in place to minimize or eliminate the identified risks. The identified risks may be physical or logical/virtual. Successful risk management ensures that the enterprise can support its mission critical operations, processes, applications, and communications in the face of serious incidents such as security threats/violations and fraud attempts. Two key areas covered in Risk Management by telecom operators are: · Revenue Assurance: Revenue assurance system will be responsible for identifying revenue loss scenarios across components/systems, and will help in rectifying the problems. The following lists the high-level roles and responsibilities executed by the Revenue Assurance system in the end-to-end solution. o Identify all usage information dropped when networks are being upgraded. o Interconnect bill verification. o Identify where services are routinely provisioned but never billed. o Identify poor sales policies that are intensifying collections problems. o Find leakage where usage is sent to error bucket and never billed for. o Find leakage where field service, CRM, and network build-out are not optimized. · Fraud Management: Involves collecting data from different systems to identify abnormalities in traffic patterns, usage patterns, and subscription patterns to report suspicious activity that might suggest fraudulent usage of resources, resulting in revenue losses to the operator. The key roles and responsibilities of the system component are as follows: o Fraud management system will capture and monitor high usage (over a certain threshold) in terms of duration, value, and number of calls for each subscriber. The threshold for each subscriber is decided by the system and fixed automatically. o Fraud management will be able to detect the unauthorized access to services for certain subscribers. These subscribers may have been provided unauthorized services by employees. The component will raise the alert to the operator the very first time of such illegal calls or calls which are not billed. o The solution will be to have an alarm management system that will deliver alarms to the operator/provider whenever it detects a fraud, thus minimizing fraud by catching it the first time it occurs. o The Fraud Management system will be capable of interfacing with switches, mediation systems, and billing systems (ii) Knowledge Management This process focuses on knowledge management, technology research within the enterprise, and the evaluation of potential technology acquisitions. Key responsibilities of knowledge base management are to · Maintain knowledge base – Creation and updating of knowledge base on ongoing basis. · Search knowledge base – Search of knowledge base on keywords or category browse · Maintain metadata – Management of metadata on knowledge base to ensure effective management and search. · Run report generator. · Provide content – Add content to the knowledge base, e.g., user guides, operational manual, etc. (iii) Document Management It focuses on maintaining a repository of all electronic documents or images of paper documents relevant to the enterprise using a system. (iv) Data Management It manages data as a valuable resource for any enterprise. For telecom enterprises, the typical areas covered are Master Data Management, Data Warehousing, and Business Intelligence. It is also responsible for data governance, security, quality, and database management. Key responsibilities of Data Management are · Using ETL, extract the data from CRM, Billing, web content, ERP, campaign management, financial, network operations, asset management info, customer contact data, customer measures, benchmarks, process data, e.g., process inputs, outputs, and measures, into Enterprise Data Warehouse. · Management of data traceability with source, data related business rules/decisions, data quality, data cleansing data reconciliation, competitors data – storage for all the enterprise data (customer profiles, products, offers, revenues, etc.) · Get online update through night time replication or physical backup process at regular frequency. · Provide the data access to business intelligence and other systems for their analysis, report generation, and use. (v) Business Intelligence It uses the Enterprise Data to provide the various analysis and reports that contain prospects and analytics for customer retention, acquisition of new customers due to the offers, and SLAs. It will generate right and optimized plans – bolt-ons for the customers. The following lists the high-level roles and responsibilities executed by the Business Intelligence system at the Enterprise Level: · It will do Pattern analysis and reports problem. · It will do Data Analysis – Statistical analysis, data profiling, affinity analysis of data, customer segment wise usage patterns on offers, products, service and revenue generation against services and customer segments. · It will do Performance (business, system, and forecast) analysis, churn propensity, response time, and SLAs analysis. · It will support for online and offline analysis, and report drill down capability. · It will collect, store, and report various SLA data. · It will provide the necessary intelligence for marketing and working on campaigns, etc., with cost benefit analysis and predictions. It will advise on customer promotions with additional services based on loyalty and credit history of customer · It will Interface with Enterprise Data Management system for data to run reports and analysis tasks. It will interface with the campaign schedules, based on historical success evidence. (vi) Stakeholder and External Relations Management It manages the enterprise's relationship with stakeholders and outside entities. Stakeholders include shareholders, employee organizations, etc. Outside entities include regulators, local community, and unions. Some of the processes within this grouping are Shareholder Relations, External Affairs, Labor Relations, and Public Relations. (vii) Enterprise Resource Planning It is used to manage internal and external resources, including tangible assets, financial resources, materials, and human resources. Its purpose is to facilitate the flow of information between all business functions inside the boundaries of the enterprise and manage the connections to outside stakeholders. ERP systems consolidate all business operations into a uniform and enterprise wide system environment. The key roles and responsibilities for Enterprise System are given below: · It will handle responsibilities such as core accounting, financial, and management reporting. · It will interface with CRM for capturing customer account and details. · It will interface with billing to capture the billing revenue and other financial data. · It will be responsible for executing the dunning process. Billing will send the required feed to ERP for execution of dunning. · It will interface with the CRM and Billing through batch interfaces. Enterprise management systems are like horizontals in the enterprise and typically interact with all major telecom systems. E.g., an ERP system interacts with CRM, Fulfillment, and Billing systems for different kinds of data exchanges. 6. External Interfaces/Touch Points The typical external parties are customers, suppliers/partners, employees, shareholders, and other stakeholders. External interactions from/to a Service Provider to other parties can be achieved by a variety of mechanisms, including: · Exchange of emails or faxes · Call Centers · Web Portals · Business-to-Business (B2B) automated transactions These applications provide an Internet technology driven interface to external parties to undertake a variety of business functions directly for themselves. These can provide fully or partially automated service to external parties through various touch points. Typical characteristics of these touch points are · Pre-integrated self-service system, including stand-alone web framework or integration front end with a portal engine · Self services layer exposing atomic web services/APIs for reuse by multiple systems across the architectural environment · Portlets driven connectivity exposing data and services interoperability through a portal engine or web application These touch points mostly interact with the CRM systems for requests, inquiries, and responses. 7. Middleware The component will be primarily responsible for integrating the different systems components under a common platform. It should provide a Standards-Based Platform for building Service Oriented Architecture and Composite Applications. The following lists the high-level roles and responsibilities executed by the Middleware component in the end-to-end solution. · As an integration framework, covering to and fro interfaces · Provide a web service framework with service registry. · Support SOA framework with SOA service registry. · Each of the interfaces from / to Middleware to other components would handle data transformation, translation, and mapping of data points. · Receive data from the caller / activate and/or forward the data to the recipient system in XML format. · Use standard XML for data exchange. · Provide the response back to the service/call initiator. · Provide a tracking until the response completion. · Keep a store transitional data against each call/transaction. · Interface through Middleware to get any information that is possible and allowed from the existing systems to enterprise systems; e.g., customer profile and customer history, etc. · Provide the data in a common unified format to the SOA calls across systems, and follow the Enterprise Architecture directive. · Provide an audit trail for all transactions being handled by the component. 8. Network Elements The term Network Element means a facility or equipment used in the provision of a telecommunications service. Such terms also includes features, functions, and capabilities that are provided by means of such facility or equipment, including subscriber numbers, databases, signaling systems, and information sufficient for billing and collection or used in the transmission, routing, or other provision of a telecommunications service. Typical network elements in a GSM network are Home Location Register (HLR), Intelligent Network (IN), Mobile Switching Center (MSC), SMS Center (SMSC), and network elements for other value added services like Push-to-talk (PTT), Ring Back Tone (RBT), etc. Network elements are invoked when subscribers use their telecom devices for any kind of usage. These elements generate usage data and pass it on to downstream systems like mediation and billing system for rating and billing. They also integrate with provisioning systems for order/service fulfillment. 9. 3rd Party Applications 3rd Party systems are applications like content providers, payment gateways, point of sale terminals, and databases/applications maintained by the Government. Depending on applicability and the type of functionality provided by 3rd party applications, the integration with different telecom systems like CRM, provisioning, and billing will be done. 10. Service Delivery Platform A service delivery platform (SDP) provides the architecture for the rapid deployment, provisioning, execution, management, and billing of value added telecom services. SDPs are based on the concept of SOA and layered architecture. They support the delivery of voice, data services, and content in network and device-independent fashion. They allow application developers to aggregate network capabilities, services, and sources of content. SDPs typically contain layers for web services exposure, service application development, and network abstraction. SOA Reference Architecture SOA concept is based on the principle of developing reusable business service and building applications by composing those services, instead of building monolithic applications in silos. It’s about bridging the gap between business and IT through a set of business-aligned IT services, using a set of design principles, patterns, and techniques. In an SOA, resources are made available to participants in a value net, enterprise, line of business (typically spanning multiple applications within an enterprise or across multiple enterprises). It consists of a set of business-aligned IT services that collectively fulfill an organization’s business processes and goals. We can choreograph these services into composite applications and invoke them through standard protocols. SOA, apart from agility and reusability, enables: · The business to specify processes as orchestrations of reusable services · Technology agnostic business design, with technology hidden behind service interface · A contractual-like interaction between business and IT, based on service SLAs · Accountability and governance, better aligned to business services · Applications interconnections untangling by allowing access only through service interfaces, reducing the daunting side effects of change · Reduced pressure to replace legacy and extended lifetime for legacy applications, through encapsulation in services · A Cloud Computing paradigm, using web services technologies, that makes possible service outsourcing on an on-demand, utility-like, pay-per-usage basis The following section represents the Reference Architecture of logical view for the Telecom Solution. The new custom built application needs to align with this logical architecture in the long run to achieve EA benefits. Packaged implementation applications, such as ERP billing applications, need to expose their functions as service providers (as other applications consume) and interact with other applications as service consumers. COT applications need to expose services through wrappers such as adapters to utilize existing resources and at the same time achieve Enterprise Architecture goal and objectives. The following are the various layers for Enterprise level deployment of SOA. This diagram captures the abstract view of Enterprise SOA layers and important components of each layer. Layered architecture means decomposition of services such that most interactions occur between adjacent layers. However, there is no strict rule that top layers should not directly communicate with bottom layers. The diagram below represents the important logical pieces that would result from overall SOA transformation. @font-face { font-family: "Arial"; }@font-face { font-family: "Courier New"; }@font-face { font-family: "Wingdings"; }@font-face { font-family: "Cambria"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoCaption, li.MsoCaption, div.MsoCaption { margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; font-size: 9pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: rgb(79, 129, 189); font-weight: bold; }p.MsoListParagraph, li.MsoListParagraph, div.MsoListParagraph { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; }ol { margin-bottom: 0cm; }ul { margin-bottom: 0cm; } Figure 3. Enterprise SOA Reference Architecture 1. Operational System Layer: This layer consists of all packaged applications like CRM, ERP, custom built applications, COTS based applications like Billing, Revenue Management, Fulfilment, and the Enterprise databases that are essential and contribute directly or indirectly to the Enterprise OSS/BSS Transformation. ERP holds the data of Asset Lifecycle Management, Supply Chain, and Advanced Procurement and Human Capital Management, etc. CRM holds the data related to Order, Sales, and Marketing, Customer Care, Partner Relationship Management, Loyalty, etc. Content Management handles Enterprise Search and Query. Billing application consists of the following components: · Collections Management, Customer Billing Management, Invoices, Real-Time Rating, Discounting, and Applying of Charges · Enterprise databases will hold both the application and service data, whether structured or unstructured. MDM - Master data majorly consists of Customer, Order, Product, and Service Data. 2. Enterprise Component Layer: This layer consists of the Application Services and Common Services that are responsible for realizing the functionality and maintaining the QoS of the exposed services. This layer uses container-based technologies such as application servers to implement the components, workload management, high availability, and load balancing. Application Services: This Service Layer enables application, technology, and database abstraction so that the complex accessing logic is hidden from the other service layers. This is a basic service layer, which exposes application functionalities and data as reusable services. The three types of the Application access services are: · Application Access Service: This Service Layer exposes application level functionalities as a reusable service between BSS to BSS and BSS to OSS integration. This layer is enabled using disparate technology such as Web Service, Integration Servers, and Adaptors, etc. · Data Access Service: This Service Layer exposes application data services as a reusable reference data service. This is done via direct interaction with application data. and provides the federated query. · Network Access Service: This Service Layer exposes provisioning layer as a reusable service from OSS to OSS integration. This integration service emphasizes the need for high performance, stateless process flows, and distributed design. Common Services encompasses management of structured, semi-structured, and unstructured data such as information services, portal services, interaction services, infrastructure services, and security services, etc. 3. Integration Layer: This consists of service infrastructure components like service bus, service gateway for partner integration, service registry, service repository, and BPEL processor. Service bus will carry the service invocation payloads/messages between consumers and providers. The other important functions expected from it are itinerary based routing, distributed caching of routing information, transformations, and all qualities of service for messaging-like reliability, scalability, and availability, etc. Service registry will hold all contracts (wsdl) of services, and it helps developers to locate or discover service during design time or runtime. • BPEL processor would be useful in orchestrating the services to compose a complex business scenario or process. • Workflow and business rules management are also required to support manual triggering of certain activities within business process. based on the rules setup and also the state machine information. Application, data, and service mediation layer typically forms the overall composite application development framework or SOA Framework. 4. Business Process Layer: These are typically the intermediate services layer and represent Shared Business Process Services. At Enterprise Level, these services are from Customer Management, Order Management, Billing, Finance, and Asset Management application domains. 5. Access Layer: This layer consists of portals for Enterprise and provides a single view of Enterprise information management and dashboard services. 6. Channel Layer: This consists of various devices; applications that form part of extended enterprise; browsers through which users access the applications. 7. Client Layer: This designates the different types of users accessing the enterprise applications. The type of user typically would be an important factor in determining the level of access to applications. 8. Vertical pieces like management, monitoring, security, and development cut across all horizontal layers Management and monitoring involves all aspects of SOA-like services, SLAs, and other QoS lifecycle processes for both applications and services surrounding SOA governance. 9. EA Governance, Reference Architecture, Roadmap, Principles, and Best Practices: EA Governance is important in terms of providing the overall direction to SOA implementation within the enterprise. This involves board-level involvement, in addition to business and IT executives. At a high level, this involves managing the SOA projects implementation, managing SOA infrastructure, and controlling the entire effort through all fine-tuned IT processes in accordance with COBIT (Control Objectives for Information Technology). Devising tools and techniques to promote reuse culture, and the SOA way of doing things needs competency centers to be established in addition to training the workforce to take up new roles that are suited to SOA journey. Conclusions Reference Architectures can serve as the basis for disparate architecture efforts throughout the organization, even if they use different tools and technologies. Reference architectures provide best practices and approaches in the independent way a vendor deals with technology and standards. Reference Architectures model the abstract architectural elements for an enterprise independent of the technologies, protocols, and products that are used to implement an SOA. Telecom enterprises today are facing significant business and technology challenges due to growing competition, a multitude of services, and convergence. Adopting architectural best practices could go a long way in meeting these challenges. The use of SOA-based architecture for communication to each of the external systems like Billing, CRM, etc., in OSS/BSS system has made the architecture very loosely coupled, with greater flexibility. Any change in the external systems would be absorbed at the Integration Layer without affecting the rest of the ecosystem. The use of a Business Process Management (BPM) tool makes the management and maintenance of the business processes easy, with better performance in terms of lead time, quality, and cost. Since the Architecture is based on standards, it will lower the cost of deploying and managing OSS/BSS applications over their lifecycles.

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Pure Server-Side Filtering with RadGridView and WCF RIA Services

Those of you who are familiar with WCF RIA Services know that the DomainDataSource control provides a FilterDescriptors collection that enables you to filter data returned by the query on the server. We have been using this DomainDataSource feature in our RIA Services with DomainDataSource online example for almost an year now. In the example, we are listening for RadGridViews Filtering event in order to intercept any filtering that is performed on the client and translate it to something that the DomainDataSource will understand, in this case a System.Windows.Data.FilterDescriptor being added or removed from its FilterDescriptors collection. Think of RadGridView.FilterDescriptors as client-side filtering and of DomainDataSource.FilterDescriptors as server-side filtering. We no longer need the client-side one. With the introduction of the Custom Filtering Controls feature many new possibilities have opened. With these custom controls we no longer need to do any filtering on the client. I have prepared a very small project that demonstrates how to filter solely on the server by using a custom filtering control. As I have already mentioned filtering on the server is done through the FilterDescriptors collection of the DomainDataSource control. This collection holds instances of type System.Windows.Data.FilterDescriptor. The FilterDescriptor has three important properties: PropertyPath: Specifies the name of the property that we want to filter on (the left operand). Operator: Specifies the type of comparison to use when filtering. An instance of FilterOperator Enumeration. Value: The value to compare with (the right operand). An instance of the Parameter Class. By adding filters, you can specify that only entities which meet the condition in the filter are loaded from the domain context. In case you are not familiar with these concepts you might find Brad Abrams blog interesting. Now, our requirements are to create some kind of UI that will manipulate the DomainDataSource.FilterDescriptors collection. When it comes to collections, my first choice of course would be RadGridView. If you are not familiar with the Custom Filtering Controls concept I would strongly recommend getting acquainted with my step-by-step tutorial Custom Filtering with RadGridView for Silverlight and checking the online example out. I have created a simple custom filtering control that contains a RadGridView and several buttons. This control is aware of the DomainDataSource instance, since it is operating on its FilterDescriptors collection. In fact, the RadGridView that is inside it is bound to this collection. In order to display filters that are relevant for the current column only, I have applied a filter to the grid. This filter is a Telerik.Windows.Data.FilterDescriptor and is used to filter the little grid inside the custom control. It should not be confused with the DomainDataSource.FilterDescriptors collection that RadGridView is actually bound to. These are the RIA filters. Additionally, I have added several other features. For example, if you have specified a DataFormatString on your original column, the Value column inside the custom control will pick it up and format the filter values accordingly. Also, I have transferred the data type of the column that you are filtering to the Value column of the custom control. This will help the little RadGridView determine what kind of editor to show up when you begin edit, for example a date picker for DateTime columns. Finally, I have added four buttons two of them can be used to add or remove filters and the other two will communicate the changes you have made to the server. Here is the full source code of the DomainDataSourceFilteringControl. The XAML: <UserControl x:Class="PureServerSideFiltering.DomainDataSourceFilteringControl" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" xmlns:telerikGrid="clr-namespace:Telerik.Windows.Controls;assembly=Telerik.Windows.Controls.GridView" xmlns:telerik="clr-namespace:Telerik.Windows.Controls;assembly=Telerik.Windows.Controls" Width="300"> <Border x:Name="LayoutRoot" BorderThickness="1" BorderBrush="#FF8A929E" Padding="5" Background="#FFDFE2E5"> <Grid> <Grid.RowDefinitions> <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/> <RowDefinition Height="150"/> <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/> </Grid.RowDefinitions> <StackPanel Grid.Row="0" Margin="2" Orientation="Horizontal" HorizontalAlignment="Center"> <telerik:RadButton Name="addFilterButton" Click="OnAddFilterButtonClick" Content="Add Filter" Margin="2" Width="96"/> <telerik:RadButton Name="removeFilterButton" Click="OnRemoveFilterButtonClick" Content="Remove Filter" Margin="2" Width="96"/> </StackPanel> <telerikGrid:RadGridView Name="filtersGrid" Grid.Row="1" Margin="2" ItemsSource="{Binding FilterDescriptors}" AddingNewDataItem="OnFilterGridAddingNewDataItem" ColumnWidth="*" ShowGroupPanel="False" AutoGenerateColumns="False" CanUserResizeColumns="False" CanUserReorderColumns="False" CanUserFreezeColumns="False" RowIndicatorVisibility="Collapsed" IsFilteringAllowed="False" CanUserSortColumns="False"> <telerikGrid:RadGridView.Columns> <telerikGrid:GridViewComboBoxColumn DataMemberBinding="{Binding Operator}" UniqueName="Operator"/> <telerikGrid:GridViewDataColumn Header="Value" DataMemberBinding="{Binding Value.Value}" UniqueName="Value"/> </telerikGrid:RadGridView.Columns> </telerikGrid:RadGridView> <StackPanel Grid.Row="2" Margin="2" Orientation="Horizontal" HorizontalAlignment="Center"> <telerik:RadButton Name="filterButton" Click="OnApplyFiltersButtonClick" Content="Apply Filters" Margin="2" Width="96"/> <telerik:RadButton Name="clearButton" Click="OnClearFiltersButtonClick" Content="Clear Filters" Margin="2" Width="96"/> </StackPanel> </Grid> </Border> </UserControl> And the code-behind: using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Net; using System.Windows; using System.Windows.Controls; using System.Windows.Documents; using System.Windows.Input; using System.Windows.Media; using System.Windows.Media.Animation; using System.Windows.Shapes; using Telerik.Windows.Controls.GridView; using System.Windows.Data; using Telerik.Windows.Controls; using Telerik.Windows.Data; namespace PureServerSideFiltering { /// <summary> /// A custom filtering control capable of filtering purely server-side. /// </summary> public partial class DomainDataSourceFilteringControl : UserControl, IFilteringControl { // The main player here. DomainDataSource domainDataSource; // This is the name of the property that this column displays. private string dataMemberName; // This is the type of the property that this column displays. private Type dataMemberType; /// <summary> /// Identifies the <see cref="IsActive"/> dependency property. /// </summary> /// <remarks> /// The state of the filtering funnel (i.e. full or empty) is bound to this property. /// </remarks> public static readonly DependencyProperty IsActiveProperty = DependencyProperty.Register( "IsActive", typeof(bool), typeof(DomainDataSourceFilteringControl), new PropertyMetadata(false)); /// <summary> /// Gets or sets a value indicating whether the filtering is active. /// </summary> /// <remarks> /// Set this to true if you want to lit-up the filtering funnel. /// </remarks> public bool IsActive { get { return (bool)GetValue(IsActiveProperty); } set { SetValue(IsActiveProperty, value); } } /// <summary> /// Gets or sets the domain data source. /// We need this in order to work on its FilterDescriptors collection. /// </summary> /// <value>The domain data source.</value> public DomainDataSource DomainDataSource { get { return this.domainDataSource; } set { this.domainDataSource = value; } } public System.Windows.Data.FilterDescriptorCollection FilterDescriptors { get { return this.DomainDataSource.FilterDescriptors; } } public DomainDataSourceFilteringControl() { InitializeComponent(); } public void Prepare(GridViewBoundColumnBase column) { this.LayoutRoot.DataContext = this; if (this.DomainDataSource == null) { // Sorry, but we need a DomainDataSource. Can't do anything without it. return; } // This is the name of the property that this column displays. this.dataMemberName = column.GetDataMemberName(); // This is the type of the property that this column displays. // We need this in order to see which FilterOperators to feed to the combo-box column. this.dataMemberType = column.DataType; // We will use our magic Type extension method to see which operators are applicable for // this data type. You can go to the extension method body and see what it does. ((GridViewComboBoxColumn)this.filtersGrid.Columns["Operator"]).ItemsSource = this.dataMemberType.ApplicableFilterOperators(); // This is very nice as well. We will tell the Value column its data type. In this way // RadGridView will pick up the best editor according to the data type. For example, // if the data type of the value is DateTime, you will be editing it with a DatePicker. // Nice! ((GridViewDataColumn)this.filtersGrid.Columns["Value"]).DataType = this.dataMemberType; // Yet another nice feature. We will transfer the original DataFormatString (if any) to // the Value column. In this way if you have specified a DataFormatString for the original // column, you will see all filter values formatted accordingly. ((GridViewDataColumn)this.filtersGrid.Columns["Value"]).DataFormatString = column.DataFormatString; // This is important. Since our little filtersGrid will be bound to the entire collection // of this.domainDataSource.FilterDescriptors, we need to set a Telerik filter on the // grid so that it will display FilterDescriptor which are relevane to this column ONLY! Telerik.Windows.Data.FilterDescriptor columnFilter = new Telerik.Windows.Data.FilterDescriptor("PropertyPath" , Telerik.Windows.Data.FilterOperator.IsEqualTo , this.dataMemberName); this.filtersGrid.FilterDescriptors.Add(columnFilter); // We want to listen for this in order to activate and de-activate the UI funnel. this.filtersGrid.Items.CollectionChanged += this.OnFilterGridItemsCollectionChanged; } /// <summary> // Since the DomainDataSource is a little bit picky about adding uninitialized FilterDescriptors // to its collection, we will prepare each new instance with some default values and then // the user can change them later. Go to the event handler to see how we do this. /// </summary> void OnFilterGridAddingNewDataItem(object sender, GridViewAddingNewEventArgs e) { // We need to initialize the new instance with some values and let the user go on from here. System.Windows.Data.FilterDescriptor newFilter = new System.Windows.Data.FilterDescriptor(); // This is a must. It should know what member it is filtering on. newFilter.PropertyPath = this.dataMemberName; // Initialize it with one of the allowed operators. // TypeExtensions.ApplicableFilterOperators method for more info. newFilter.Operator = this.dataMemberType.ApplicableFilterOperators().First(); if (this.dataMemberType == typeof(DateTime)) { newFilter.Value.Value = DateTime.Now; } else if (this.dataMemberType == typeof(string)) { newFilter.Value.Value = "<enter text>"; } else if (this.dataMemberType.IsValueType) { // We need something non-null for all value types. newFilter.Value.Value = Activator.CreateInstance(this.dataMemberType); } // Let the user edit the new filter any way he/she likes. e.NewObject = newFilter; } void OnFilterGridItemsCollectionChanged(object sender, System.Collections.Specialized.NotifyCollectionChangedEventArgs e) { // We are active only if we have any filters define. In this case the filtering funnel will lit-up. this.IsActive = this.filtersGrid.Items.Count > 0; } private void OnApplyFiltersButtonClick(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { if (this.DomainDataSource.IsLoadingData) { return; } // Comment this if you want the popup to stay open after the button is clicked. this.ClosePopup(); // Since this.domainDataSource.AutoLoad is false, this will take into // account all filtering changes that the user has made since the last // Load() and pull the new data to the client. this.DomainDataSource.Load(); } private void OnClearFiltersButtonClick(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { if (this.DomainDataSource.IsLoadingData) { return; } // We want to remove ONLY those filters from the DomainDataSource // that this control is responsible for. this.DomainDataSource.FilterDescriptors .Where(fd => fd.PropertyPath == this.dataMemberName) // Only "our" filters. .ToList() .ForEach(fd => this.DomainDataSource.FilterDescriptors.Remove(fd)); // Bye-bye! // Comment this if you want the popup to stay open after the button is clicked. this.ClosePopup(); // After we did our housekeeping, get the new data to the client. this.DomainDataSource.Load(); } private void OnAddFilterButtonClick(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { if (this.DomainDataSource.IsLoadingData) { return; } // Let the user enter his/or her requirements for a new filter. this.filtersGrid.BeginInsert(); this.filtersGrid.UpdateLayout(); } private void OnRemoveFilterButtonClick(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { if (this.DomainDataSource.IsLoadingData) { return; } // Find the currently selected filter and destroy it. System.Windows.Data.FilterDescriptor filterToRemove = this.filtersGrid.SelectedItem as System.Windows.Data.FilterDescriptor; if (filterToRemove != null && this.DomainDataSource.FilterDescriptors.Contains(filterToRemove)) { this.DomainDataSource.FilterDescriptors.Remove(filterToRemove); } } private void ClosePopup() { System.Windows.Controls.Primitives.Popup popup = this.ParentOfType<System.Windows.Controls.Primitives.Popup>(); if (popup != null) { popup.IsOpen = false; } } } } Finally, we need to tell RadGridViews Columns to use this custom control instead of the default one. Here is how to do it: using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Net; using System.Windows; using System.Windows.Controls; using System.Windows.Documents; using System.Windows.Input; using System.Windows.Media; using System.Windows.Media.Animation; using System.Windows.Shapes; using System.Windows.Data; using Telerik.Windows.Data; using Telerik.Windows.Controls; using Telerik.Windows.Controls.GridView; namespace PureServerSideFiltering { public partial class MainPage : UserControl { public MainPage() { InitializeComponent(); this.grid.AutoGeneratingColumn += this.OnGridAutoGeneratingColumn; // Uncomment this if you want the DomainDataSource to start pre-filtered. // You will notice how our custom filtering controls will correctly read this information, // populate their UI with the respective filters and lit-up the funnel to indicate that // filtering is active. Go ahead and try it. this.employeesDataSource.FilterDescriptors.Add(new System.Windows.Data.FilterDescriptor("Title", System.Windows.Data.FilterOperator.Contains, "Assistant")); this.employeesDataSource.FilterDescriptors.Add(new System.Windows.Data.FilterDescriptor("HireDate", System.Windows.Data.FilterOperator.IsGreaterThan, new DateTime(1998, 12, 31))); this.employeesDataSource.FilterDescriptors.Add(new System.Windows.Data.FilterDescriptor("HireDate", System.Windows.Data.FilterOperator.IsLessThanOrEqualTo, new DateTime(1999, 12, 31))); this.employeesDataSource.Load(); } /// <summary> /// First of all, we will need to replace the default filtering control /// of each column with out custom filtering control DomainDataSourceFilteringControl /// </summary> private void OnGridAutoGeneratingColumn(object sender, GridViewAutoGeneratingColumnEventArgs e) { GridViewBoundColumnBase dataColumn = e.Column as GridViewBoundColumnBase; if (dataColumn != null) { // We do not like ugly dates. if (dataColumn.DataType == typeof(DateTime)) { dataColumn.DataFormatString = "{0:d}"; // Short date pattern. // Notice how this format will be later transferred to the Value column // of the grid that we have inside the DomainDataSourceFilteringControl. } // Replace the default filtering control with our. dataColumn.FilteringControl = new DomainDataSourceFilteringControl() { // Let the control know about the DDS, after all it will work directly on it. DomainDataSource = this.employeesDataSource }; // Finally, lit-up the filtering funnel through the IsActive dependency property // in case there are some filters on the DDS that match our column member. string dataMemberName = dataColumn.GetDataMemberName(); dataColumn.FilteringControl.IsActive = this.employeesDataSource.FilterDescriptors .Where(fd => fd.PropertyPath == dataMemberName) .Count() > 0; } } } } The best part is that we are not only writing filters for the DomainDataSource we can read and load them. If the DomainDataSource has some pre-existing filters (like I have created in the code above), our control will read them and will populate its UI accordingly. Even the filtering funnel will light-up! Remember, the funnel is controlled by the IsActive property of our control. While this is just a basic implementation, the source code is absolutely yours and you can take it from here and extend it to match your specific business requirements. Below the main grid there is another debug grid. With its help you can monitor what filter descriptors are added and removed to the domain data source. Download Source Code. (You will have to have the AdventureWorks sample database installed on the default SQLExpress instance in order to run it.) Enjoy!Did you know that DotNetSlackers also publishes .net articles written by top known .net Authors? We already have over 80 articles in several categories including Silverlight. Take a look: here.

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IIRF reverse proxy problem

- by Sergei

Hi everyone, We have a java application ( Atlassian Bamboo) running on port 8085 on Windows 2003. It is accessile as http: //bamboo:8085. I am trying to setup reverse proxy for IIS6 using IIRF so content is accessible via http: //bamboo. It seems that I set it ip correctly, and I can retrieve Status page. This is how my IIRF.ini looks like: RewriteLog c:\temp\iirf RewriteLogLevel 2 StatusUrl /iirfStatus RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^bambooi$ [I] #This setup works #ProxyPass ^/(.*)$ http://othersite/$1 #This does not ProxyPass ^/(.*)$ http://bamboo:8085/$1 However when I type in http: //bamboo in IE, I get 'page cannot be displayed ' message. FF does not return anything at all. I made Wireshark network dump, selected 'follow TCPstream' and it seems like correct page is being retrieved.Why cannot I see it then? I also noticed that I can retrieve http: //bamboo/favicon.ico so I must be very close to the solution.. This is the Wireshark output: GET / HTTP/1.1 Accept: image/gif, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, image/pjpeg, application/x-shockwave-flash, application/vnd.ms-excel, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint, application/msword, application/x-ms-application, application/x-ms-xbap, application/vnd.ms-xpsdocument, application/xaml+xml, */* Accept-Language: en-gb User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.0.4506.2152; .NET CLR 3.5.30729) Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate Host: bamboo Connection: Keep-Alive Cookie: JSESSIONID=wpsse0zyo4g5 HTTP/1.1 200 200 OK Date: Sat, 30 Jan 2010 09:19:46 GMT Server: Microsoft-IIS/6.0 Via: 1.1 DESTINATION_IP (IIRF 2.0) Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8 Transfer-Encoding: chunked <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> <head> <title>Dashboard</title> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> <meta name="robots" content="all" /> <meta name="MSSmartTagsPreventParsing" content="true" /> <meta http-equiv="Pragma" content="no-cache" /> <meta http-equiv="Expires" content="-1" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/s/1206/1/_/scripts/yui-2.6.0/build/grids/grids.css" />  <link rel="stylesheet" href="/s/1206/1/_/styles/main.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/s/1206/1/_/styles/main2.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/s/1206/1/_/styles/global-static.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/s/1206/1/_/styles/widePlanList.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/s/1206/1/_/styles/forms.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/s/1206/1/_/styles/yui-support/yui-custom.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/s/1206/1/_/images/icons/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon"/> <link rel="icon" href="/s/1206/1/_/images/icons/favicon.png" type="image/png" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/s/1206/1/_/styles/bamboo-tabs.css" type="text/css" />  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/s/1206/1/_/scripts/yui-2.6.0/build/tabview/assets/tabview-core.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/s/1206/1/_/scripts/yui-2.6.0/build/tabview/assets/skins/sam/tabview-skin.css"> <script type="text/javascript" src="/s/1206/1/_/scripts/yui-2.6.0/build/yahoo/yahoo-min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/s/1206/1/_/scripts/yui-2.6.0/build/event/event-min.js" ></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/s/1206/1/_/scripts/yui-2.6.0/build/dom/dom-min.js" ></script>   <script type="text/javascript" src="/s/1206/1/_/scripts/yui-2.6.0/build/container/container-min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/s/1206/1/_/scripts/yui-2.6.0/build/connection/connection-min.js"></script> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/s/1206/1/_/scripts/yui-2.6.0/build/container/assets/container.css" />  <script type="text/javascript" src="/s/1206/1/_/scripts/yui-2.6.0/build/menu/menu-min.js"></script> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/s/1206/1/_/scripts/yui-2.6.0/build/menu/assets/menu.css" />   <script type="text/javascript" src="/s/1206/1/_/scripts/yui-2.6.0/build/yahoo-dom-event/yahoo-dom-event.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/s/1206/1/_/scripts/yui-2.6.0/build/element/element-beta-min.js"></script>  <link rel="stylesheet" href="/s/1206/1/_/styles/yui-support/tabview.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/s/1206/1/_/styles/yui-support/round_tabs.css" type="text/css" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="/s/1206/1/_/scripts/yui-2.6.0/build/tabview/tabview-min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/s/1206/1/_/scripts/yui-2.6.0/build/json/json-min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/s/1206/1/_/scripts/yui-ext/yui-ext-nogrid.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/s/1206/1/_/scripts/bamboo.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> YAHOO.namespace('bamboo'); YAHOO.bamboo.tooltips = new Object(); YAHOO.bamboo.contextPath = ''; YAHOO.ext.UpdateManager.defaults.loadScripts = true; YAHOO.ext.UpdateManager.defaults.indicatorText = '<div class="loading-indicator">Currently loading...</div>'; YAHOO.ext.UpdateManager.defaults.timeout = 60; addUniversalOnload(addConfirmationToLinks); </script> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Bamboo RSS feed" href="/rss/createAllBuildsRssFeed.action?feedType=rssAll" /> </head> <body> <ul id="top"> <li id="skipNav"> <a href="#menu">Skip to navigation</a> </li> <li> <a href="#content">Skip to content</a> </li> </ul> <div id="nonFooter"> <div id="hd"> <div id="header"> <div id="logo"> <a href="/start.action"><img src="/images/bamboo_header_logo.gif" alt="Atlassian Bamboo" height="36" width="118" /></a> </div> <ul id="userOptions"> <li id="loginLink"> <a id="login" href="/userlogin!default.action?os_destination=%2Fstart.action">Log in</a> </li> <li id="signupLink"> <a id="signup" href="/signupUser!default.action">Signup</a> </li> <li id="helpLink"> <a id="help" href="http://confluence.atlassian.com/display/BAMBOO">Help</a> </li> </ul> </div>  <div id="menu"> <ul> <li><a id="home" href="/start.action" title="Atlassian Bamboo" accesskey="H"> <u>H</u>ome</a></li> <li><a id="authors" href="/authors/gotoAuthorReport.action" accesskey="U">A<u>u</u>thors</a></li> <li><a id="reports" href="/reports/viewReport.action" accesskey="R"> <u>R</u>eports</a></li> </ul> </div>  </div>  <div id="bd"> <div id="content"> <h1>Header here</h1> <div class="topMarginned"> <div id='buildSummaryTabs' class='dashboardTab'> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> function initUI(){ var jtabs = new YAHOO.ext.TabPanel('buildSummaryTabs'); YAHOO.bamboo.tabPanel = jtabs; // Use setUrl for Ajax loading var tab3 = jtabs.addTab('allTab', "All Plans"); tab3.setUrl('/ajax/displayAllBuildSummaries.action', null, true); var tab4 = jtabs.addTab("currentTab", "Current Activity"); tab4.setUrl('/ajax/displayCurrentActivity.action', null, true); var handleTabChange = function(e, activePanel) { saveCookie('atlassian.bamboo.dashboard.tab.selected', activePanel.id, 365); }; jtabs.on('tabchange', handleTabChange); var selectedCookie = getCookieValue('atlassian.bamboo.dashboard.tab.selected'); if (jtabs.getTab(selectedCookie)) { jtabs.activate(selectedCookie); } else { jtabs.activate('allTab'); } } YAHOO.util.Event.onContentReady('buildSummaryTabs', initUI); </script> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> setTimeout( "window.location.reload()", 1800*1000 ); </script> <div class="clearer" ></div> </div>  </div>  </div>  <div id="ft"> <div id="footer"> <p> Powered by <a href="http://www.atlassian.com/software/bamboo/">Atlassian Bamboo</a> version 2.2.1 build 1206 - <span title="15:59:44 17 Mar 2009">17 Mar 09</span> </p> <ul> <li class="first"> <a href="https://support.atlassian.com/secure/CreateIssue.jspa?pid=10060&issuetype=1">Report a problem</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://jira.atlassian.com/secure/CreateIssue.jspa?pid=11011&issuetype=4">Request a feature</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://forums.atlassian.com/forum.jspa?forumID=103">Contact Atlassian</a> </li> <li> <a href="/viewAdministrators.action">Contact Administrators</a> </li> </ul> </div>  </div>

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Syntax error, unexpected '}' wordpress error

- by Zach Johnson

Hello I am not a PHP programmer so I have no idea what the problem is here. Basiclly I am trying to use a wordpress theme but I get this error The Parse error: syntax error, unexpected '}' in / home/a5618915/public_html/photo/wp-content/themes/iphoto/functions.php on line 1 I have no Idea what exactly is wrong in the php file. The code for the functions.php is below. If someone could point out whats wrong I would be really grateful. <?php define('THEME_NAME','iphoto'); load_theme_textdomain( THEME_NAME,TEMPLATEPATH .'/languages'); add_custom_background(); add_theme_support( 'automatic-feed-links' ); add_theme_support( 'post-formats', array( 'video')); if ( function_exists('register_nav_menus') ) { register_nav_menus(array('primary' => 'header')); } add_action('wp_ajax_b_ajax_post_action', 'b_ajax_callback'); function b_ajax_callback() { global $wpdb; if(isset($_POST['type']) && $_POST['type'] == 'upload') { $clickedID = $_POST['data']; $filename = $_FILES[$clickedID]; $filename['name'] = preg_replace('/[^a-zA-Z0-9._-]/', '', $filename['name']); $override['test_form'] = false; $override['action'] = 'wp_handle_upload'; $uploaded_file = wp_handle_upload($filename,$override); $upload_tracking[] = $clickedID; update_option($clickedID, $uploaded_file['url'] ); if(!empty($uploaded_file['error'])) {echo 'Upload Error: ' . $uploaded_file['error']; } else { echo $uploaded_file['url']; } } die(); } function post_thumbnail($a){ global $post; $post_img = ''; ob_start(); ob_end_clean(); $output = preg_match_all('/\<img.+?src="(.+?)".*?\/>/is',$post->post_content,$matches ,PREG_SET_ORDER); $cnt = count( $matches ); if($a==1){ if($cnt>0){ if($cnt>1){ if($cnt>3) $cnt=3; for($i=0;$i<$cnt;$i++){ $post_current = $i+1; $post_img_src = $matches[$i][1]; if($i==0){$post_spans .= '<span class="current">'.$post_current.'</span>';}else{ $post_spans .= '<span>'.$post_current.'</span>'; } $post_imgs .='<img src="'.get_bloginfo('template_url').'/timthumb.php?src='.$post_img_src.'&w=285&zc=1" />'; } $post_img = $post_imgs.'<span class="imgNav">'.$post_spans.'</span>'; }else{ $post_img_src = $matches [0][1]; $post_img = '<img src="'.get_bloginfo('template_url').'/timthumb.php?src='.$post_img_src.'&w=285&zc=1" />'; } echo $post_img; } }else{ return $cnt; } } function post_content_thumbnail($c) { if(is_single()){ $c = preg_replace('/\width="*".+?height="*"/i', '', $c); $s = array('/src="(.+?.(jpg|bmp|png|jepg|gif))".+?/i' => 'src="'.get_bloginfo("template_url").'/timthumb.php?src=$1&h=440&zc=1"'); foreach($s as $p => $r){ $c = preg_replace($p,$r,$c); } return $c; } } add_filter( 'the_content', 'post_content_thumbnail' ); function ajax_post(){ if( isset($_GET['action'])&& $_GET['action'] == 'ajax_post'){ if(isset($_GET['cat'])){ $args = array( 'category_name' => $_GET['cat'], 'paged' => $_GET['pag'] ); }else if(isset($_GET['pag'])){ $args = array( 'paged' => $_GET['pag'] ); } query_posts($args); if(have_posts()){while (have_posts()):the_post();?> <?php get_template_part( 'content', get_post_format() ); ?> <?php endwhile;} die(); }else{return;} } add_action('init', 'ajax_post'); function pagenavi( $p = 2 ) { if ( is_singular() ) return; global $wp_query,$paged; $max_page = $wp_query->max_num_pages; if ( $max_page == 1 ){ echo '<span id="post-current">1</span> / <span id="post-count">1</span>'; return; } if ( empty( $paged ) ) $paged = 1; if ( $paged >1 ) echo "<a id='prev' title='Prev' href='",esc_html( get_pagenum_link( $paged -1 ) ),"'><<</a> "; echo '<span id="post-current">'.$paged .'</span> / <span id="post-count">'.$max_page .'</span>'; if ( $paged <$max_page ) echo "<a id='next' title='Next' href='",esc_html( get_pagenum_link( $paged +1) ),"'>>></a> "; } function iphoto_comment($comment,$args,$depth) { $GLOBALS['comment'] = $comment; ;echo ' <li ';comment_class();;echo ' id="li-comment-';comment_ID() ;echo '" > <div id="comment-';comment_ID();;echo '" class="comment-body"> <div class="commentmeta">';echo get_avatar( $comment->comment_author_email,$size = '48');;echo '</div> ';if ($comment->comment_approved == '0') : ;echo ' <em>';_e('Your comment is awaiting moderation.') ;echo '</em><br /> ';endif;;echo ' <div class="commentmetadata"> - ';printf(__('%1$s %2$s'),get_comment_date('Y.n.d'),get_comment_time('G:i'));;echo '</div> <div class="reply">';comment_reply_link(array_merge( $args,array('depth'=>$depth,'max_depth'=>$args['max_depth'],'reply_text'=>__('Reply')))) ;echo '</div> <div class="vcard">';printf(__('%s'),get_comment_author_link()) ;echo '</div> ';comment_text() ;echo ' </div> '; } add_action('admin_init', 'iphoto_init'); function iphoto_init() { if (isset($_GET['page']) && $_GET['page'] == 'functions.php') { $dir = get_bloginfo('template_directory'); wp_enqueue_script('adminjquery', $dir . '/includes/admin.js', false, '1.0.0', false); wp_enqueue_style('admincss', $dir . '/includes/admin.css', false, '1.0.0', 'screen'); } } add_action('admin_menu','iphoto_page'); function iphoto_page (){ if ( count($_POST) >0 &&isset($_POST['iphoto_settings']) ){ $options = array ('keywords','description','analytics','lib','views','noajax','animate','phzoom','copyright'); foreach ( $options as $opt ){ delete_option ( 'iphoto_'.$opt,$_POST[$opt] ); add_option ( 'iphoto_'.$opt,$_POST[$opt] ); } } add_theme_page('iPhoto '.__('Theme Options',THEME_NAME),__('Theme Options',THEME_NAME),'edit_themes',basename(__FILE__),'iphoto_settings'); } function iphoto_settings(){?> <div class="wrap"> <div> <h2><?php _e( 'iPhoto Theme Options<span>Version: ',THEME_NAME);?><?php $theme_data=get_theme_data(TEMPLATEPATH . '/style.css'); echo $theme_data['Version'];?></span></h2> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <form method="post" action=""> <div id="theme-Option"> <div id="theme-menu"> <span class="m1"><?php _e( 'jQuery Effect',THEME_NAME);?></span> <span class="m2"><?php _e( 'Relative Plugins',THEME_NAME);?></span> <span class="m3"><?php _e( 'Website Information',THEME_NAME);?></span> <span class="m4"><?php _e( 'Analytics Code',THEME_NAME);?></span> <span class="m5"><?php _e( 'Footer Copyright',THEME_NAME);?></span> <span class="m6"><?php _e( 'iPhoto Theme Declare',THEME_NAME);?></span> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div id="theme-content"> <ul> <li> <tr><td> <em><?php _e( 'iPhoto use jquery 1.4.4 which contained in this theme, you can also use the Google one instead.',THEME_NAME);?></em><br/> <label><input name="lib" type="checkbox" id="lib" value="1" <?php if (get_option('iphoto_lib')!='') echo 'checked="checked"' ;?>/><?php _e( 'Load the jQuery Library supported by Google',THEME_NAME);?></label><br/><br/> </td></tr> <tr><td> <em><?php _e( 'Index page infinite loading posts.',THEME_NAME);?></em><br/> <label><input name="noajax" type="checkbox" id="noajax" value="1" <?php if (get_option('iphoto_noajax')!='') echo 'checked="checked"' ;?>/><?php _e( 'Deactivate the Infinite loading posts',THEME_NAME);?></label><br/><br/> </td></tr> <tr><td> <em><?php _e( '<strong>Animation of relayout elements</strong>',THEME_NAME);?></em><br /> <input name="animate" type="checkbox" id="animate" value="1" <?php if (get_option('iphoto_animate')!='') echo 'checked="checked"';?>/><?php _e( 'Deactivate animation effect on index page',THEME_NAME);?> </td></tr> </li> <li> <tr><td> <em><?php _e( 'WP-PostViews, Enables you to display how many times a post/page had been viewed.',THEME_NAME);?></em><br/> <label><input name="views" type="checkbox" id="views" value="1" <?php if (get_option('iphoto_views')!='') echo 'checked="checked"' ?>/><?php _e( 'Activate WP-PostViews',THEME_NAME);?></label><br/><br/> </td></tr> </li> <li> <tr><td> <?php _e( '<em>Keywords, separate by English commas. like MuFeng, Computer, Software</em>',THEME_NAME);?><br/> <textarea name="keywords" id="keywords" rows="1" cols="70" style="font-size:11px;width:100%;"><?php echo get_option('iphoto_keywords');?></textarea><br/> </td></tr> <tr><td> <?php _e( '<em>Description, explain what\'s this site about. like MuFeng, Breathing the wind</em>',THEME_NAME);?><br/> <textarea name="description" id="description" rows="3" cols="70" style="font-size:11px;width:100%;"><?php echo get_option('iphoto_description');?></textarea> </td></tr> </li> <li> <tr><td> <?php _e( 'You can get your Google Analytics code <a target="_blank" href="https://www.google.com/analytics/settings/check_status_profile_handler">here</a>.',THEME_NAME);?></label><br> <textarea name="analytics" id="analytics" rows="5" cols="70" style="font-size:11px;width:100%;"><?php echo stripslashes(get_option('iphoto_analytics'));?></textarea> </td></tr> </li> <li> <tr><td> <textarea name="copyright" id="copyright" rows="5" cols="70" style="font-size:11px;width:100%;"><?php if(stripslashes(get_option('iphoto_copyright'))!=''){echo stripslashes(get_option('iphoto_copyright'));}else{echo 'Copyright © '.date('Y').' '.'<a href="'.home_url( '/').'" title="'.esc_attr( get_bloginfo( 'name') ).'">'.esc_attr( get_bloginfo( 'name') ).'</a> All rights reserved'; };?></textarea> <br/><em><?php _e( '<b>Preview</b>',THEME_NAME);?><span> : </span><span><?php if(stripslashes(get_option('iphoto_copyright'))!=''){echo stripslashes(get_option('iphoto_copyright'));}else{echo 'Copyright © '.date('Y').' '.'<a href="'.home_url( '/').'" title="'.esc_attr( get_bloginfo( 'name') ).'">'.esc_attr( get_bloginfo( 'name') ).'</a> All rights reserved'; };?></span></em> </td></tr> </li> <li> <tr><td> <p><?php _e('iPhoto is created, developed and maintained by <a href="http://mufeng.me/">MuFeng</a>. If you like iPhoto, please donate. It will help in developing new features and versions.',THEME_NAME);?><?php _e('Alipay',THEME_NAME);?>:</strong> <a href="http://www.alipay.com" target="_blank" title="Alipay">[email protected]</a></p> <h3 style="color:#333" id="introduce"><?php _e( 'Introduction',THEME_NAME);?></h3> <p style="text-indent: 2em;margin:10px 0;"><?php _e( 'iPhoto is evolved from one theme of Tumblr and turned it into a photo theme which can be used at wordpress.',THEME_NAME);?></p> <h3 style="color:#333"><?php _e( 'Published Address',THEME_NAME);?></h3> <p id="release" style="text-indent: 2em;margin:10px 0;"><a href="http://mufeng.me/wordpress-theme-iphoto.html" target="_blank">http://mufeng.me/wordpress-theme-iphoto.html</a></p> <h3 style="color:#333"><?php _e( 'Preview Address',THEME_NAME);?></h3> <p id="preview" style="text-indent: 2em;margin:10px 0;"><a href="http://mufeng.me/photo/" target="_blank">http://mufeng.me/photo/</a></p> <h3 style="color:#333" id="bug"><?php _e( 'Report Bugs',THEME_NAME);?></h3> <p style="text-indent: 2em;margin:10px 0;"><?php _e( 'Weibo <a href="http://weibo.com/meapo" target="_blank">@mufeng.me</a> or leave a message at <a href="http://mufeng.me" target="_blank">http://mufeng.me</a>?',THEME_NAME);?></p> </td></tr> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <p class="submit"> <input type="submit" name="Submit" class="button-primary" value="<?php _e( 'Save Options',THEME_NAME);?>" /> <input type="hidden" name="iphoto_settings" value="save" style="display:none;" /> </p> </form> </div> <?php } ?>

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Please help! Every Post link links to the most recent post Wordpress

- by kwek-kwek

I got the site up on time, with one blog post up. Later I added another one and tested it. Big problem! Any link that used to take you to the old post (ie: side-bar "Recent Posts" links) now takes you to the newest one. I tested it by adding a third post, and got the same result. This is a custom wordpress theme and I have a, page.php <?php get_header(); ?> <?php if (have_posts()) : while (have_posts()) : the_post(); ?> <div id="BodyWrap">  <div id="mainCont"> <?php get_sidebar(); ?> <?php if (is_page(array('home'))) { ;?> <div id="rotateBanner"> <div id="slide-holder"> <div id="slide-runner"> <img id="slide-img-1" src="<?php bloginfo('template_url'); ?>/images/banner/testimonial2.jpg" class="slide" alt="" /> <img id="slide-img-5" src="<?php bloginfo('template_url'); ?>/images/banner/testimonial5.jpg" class="slide" alt="" /> <img id="slide-img-2" src="<?php bloginfo('template_url'); ?>/images/banner/testimonial1.jpg" class="slide" alt="" /> <img id="slide-img-6" src="<?php bloginfo('template_url'); ?>/images/banner/testimonial6.jpg" class="slide" alt="" /> <img id="slide-img-3" src="<?php bloginfo('template_url'); ?>/images/banner/testimonial3.jpg" class="slide" alt="" /> <img id="slide-img-7" src="<?php bloginfo('template_url'); ?>/images/banner/testimonial7.jpg" class="slide" alt="" /> <img id="slide-img-4" src="<?php bloginfo('template_url'); ?>/images/banner/testimonial4.jpg" class="slide" alt="" /> <img id="slide-img-8" src="<?php bloginfo('template_url'); ?>/images/banner/testimonial8.jpg" class="slide" alt="" /> <div id="slide-controls"> <p id="slide-client" class="text" style="display:none;"><span></span></p> <p id="slide-desc" class="text" style="display:none;"></p> <p id="slide-nav" style="display:none;"></p> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> if(!window.slider) var slider={};slider.data=[{"id":"slide-img-1","client":"nature beauty","desc":"nature beauty photography"},{"id":"slide-img-5","client":"nature beauty","desc":"nature beauty photography"},{"id":"slide-img-2","client":"nature beauty","desc":"nature beauty photography"},{"id":"slide-img-6","client":"nature beauty","desc":"nature beauty photography"},{"id":"slide-img-3","client":"nature beauty","desc":"nature beauty photography"},{"id":"slide-img-7","client":"nature beauty","desc":"nature beauty photography"},{"id":"slide-img-4","client":"nature beauty","desc":"nature beauty photography"},{"id":"slide-img-8","client":"nature beauty","desc":"nature beauty photography"}]; </script> </div> </div> <?php } ?> <?php if (is_page(array('accueil'))) { ;?> <div id="rotateBanner"> <div id="slide-holder"> <div id="slide-runner"> <img id="slide-img-1" src="<?php bloginfo('template_url'); ?>/images/banner/testimonial1-fr.jpg" class="slide" alt="" /> <img id="slide-img-5" src="<?php bloginfo('template_url'); ?>/images/banner/testimonial5-fr.jpg" class="slide" alt="" /> <img id="slide-img-2" src="<?php bloginfo('template_url'); ?>/images/banner/testimonial2-fr.jpg" class="slide" alt="" /> <img id="slide-img-6" src="<?php bloginfo('template_url'); ?>/images/banner/testimonial6-fr.jpg" class="slide" alt="" /> <img id="slide-img-3" src="<?php bloginfo('template_url'); ?>/images/banner/testimonial3-fr.jpg" class="slide" alt="" /> <img id="slide-img-7" src="<?php bloginfo('template_url'); ?>/images/banner/testimonial7-fr.jpg" class="slide" alt="" /> <img id="slide-img-4" src="<?php bloginfo('template_url'); ?>/images/banner/testimonial4-fr.jpg" class="slide" alt="" /> <img id="slide-img-8" src="<?php bloginfo('template_url'); ?>/images/banner/testimonial8-fr.jpg" class="slide" alt="" /> <div id="slide-controls"> <p id="slide-client" class="text" style="display:none;"><span></span></p> <p id="slide-desc" class="text" style="display:none;"></p> <p id="slide-nav" style="display:none;"></p> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> if(!window.slider) var slider={};slider.data=[{"id":"slide-img-1","client":"nature beauty","desc":"nature beauty photography"},{"id":"slide-img-5","client":"nature beauty","desc":"nature beauty photography"},{"id":"slide-img-2","client":"nature beauty","desc":"nature beauty photography"},{"id":"slide-img-6","client":"nature beauty","desc":"nature beauty photography"},{"id":"slide-img-3","client":"nature beauty","desc":"nature beauty photography"},{"id":"slide-img-7","client":"nature beauty","desc":"nature beauty photography"},{"id":"slide-img-4","client":"nature beauty","desc":"nature beauty photography"},{"id":"slide-img-8","client":"nature beauty","desc":"nature beauty photography"}]; </script> </div> </div> <?php } ?> <?php if (is_page(array('contact-us'))) { ;?> <div id="rotateBanner"> <?php custom_field_image() ?> </div> <?php } ?> <div id="mainCopy"> <div id="content"> <h2> <?php if (is_page('home','accueil')) : ?> <?php else : ?> <?php single_post_title(); ?> <?php endif; ?></h2> <?php the_content('<p class="serif">Read the rest of this page »</p>'); ?> <?php wp_link_pages(array('before' => '<p><strong>Pages:</strong> ', 'after' => '</p>', 'next_or_number' => 'number')); ?> </div> </div> <?php if (is_page(array('home','accueil'))) { ;?> <div id="rightCol2"> <div id="Fworks"> <h2>Featured work</h2> <li><img src="<?php bloginfo('template_url'); ?>/images/portage-thumb.jpg" width="234" height="92" border="0" alt="" /></li> <li><a href="<?php bloginfo('url'); ?>our-work/foundation-on-antivirals"><img src="<?php bloginfo('template_url'); ?>/images/fav-thumb.jpg" width="234" height="92" border="0" alt="" /></a></li> <li><img src="<?php bloginfo('template_url'); ?>/images/danslejardin-thumb.jpg" width="234" height="92" border="0" alt="" /></li> </div> <div id="NewEvents"> <?php if ( (strtolower(ICL_LANGUAGE_CODE) == 'en') ) {echo("<h2>News & Events</h2");} ?> <?php if ( (strtolower(ICL_LANGUAGE_CODE) == 'fr')) echo("<h2>Nouvelles</h2") ?> <div id="NewsListings"> <ul> <?php //dbem_get_events_list("limit=5&scope=al&order=DESC"); ?> <?php include('events.php');?> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <?php } ?> </div> </div> <?php endwhile; endif; ?> <?php get_footer(); ?> single.php <?php /** * @package WordPress * @subpackage Default_Theme */ get_header(); ?> <div id="BodyWrap">  <div id="mainCont"> <?php get_sidebar(); ?> <?php if (is_page(array('home','contact-us'))) { ;?> <div id="rotateBanner"> <?php custom_field_image() ?> </div> <?php } ?> <div id="mainCopy"> <div id="content" class="widecolumn" role="main"> <?php if (have_posts()) : while (have_posts()) : the_post(); ?>  <div <?php post_class() ?> id="post-<?php the_ID(); ?>"> <h2><?php the_title(); ?></h2> <div class="entry"> <?php the_content('<p class="serif">Read the rest of this entry »</p>'); ?> <?php wp_link_pages(array('before' => '<p><strong>Pages:</strong> ', 'after' => '</p>', 'next_or_number' => 'number')); ?> <?php the_tags( '<p>Tags: ', ', ', '</p>'); ?>  </div> </div> <?php comments_template(); ?> <?php endwhile; else: ?> <p>Sorry, no posts matched your criteria.</p> <?php endif; ?> </div> </div> </div> </div> <?php get_footer(); ?> index.php <?php get_header(); ?>  <div id="BodyWrap">  <div id="mainCont"> <?php get_sidebar(); ?> <div id="mainCopy"> <div id="content"> <?php if ( have_posts() ) : while ( have_posts() ) : the_post(); ?> <div id="BGHeadTitle"><h2><a href="<?php the_permalink() ?>"><?php the_title(); ?></a></h2></div> <?php the_content(); ?> <p><?php the_time('F j, Y'); ?> at <?php the_time('g:i a'); ?> | <?php the_category(', '); ?> | <?php comments_number('No comment', '1 comment', '% comments'); ?></p> <?php comments_template(); // Get wp-comments.php template ?> <?php endwhile; else: ?> <h2>Woops...</h2> <p>Sorry, no posts we're found.</p> <?php endif; ?> <p align="center"><?php posts_nav_link(); ?></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <?php get_footer(); ?> my recent post code : <ul> <?php query_posts('cat=3,4,5&posts_per_page=5&order=ASC&orderby=date'); if ( have_posts() ) : while ( have_posts() ) : the_post()?> <li> <span class="date"><?php the_time('M j') ?></span> <a href="<?php the_permalink(); ?>" title="<?php the_title(); ?>"><?php the_title(); ?></a> </li> <?php endwhile; ?> <?php rewind_posts(); ?> </ul> I am really stuck the site went live and when I was working on the testserver I only noticed it.view the site here »

Read the article

Magento My Account Layout XML Problem

- by Remy

Hi there, I'm having issues getting the customer.xml layout file to work properly for the customer's "my account" pages. The navigation links and the previously ordered items that are usually on the left hand side of the page won't show up on the page, but if I change the reference name to "content" in the xml file, it shows up (except it's obviously then on the right hand side). I've checked the template it's referencing (2columns-left.phtml), and the getChildHtml('left') is there in the correct position. The block that's causing the problem: <customer_account>  <reference name="root"> <action method="setTemplate"><template>page/2columns-left.phtml</template></action> </reference> <reference name="left"> <action method="unsetChild"><name>catalog.navigation.all</name></action> <action method="unsetChild"><name>callout.sendcard</name></action> <action method="unsetChild"><name>callout.specialorder</name></action> <block type="customer/account_navigation" name="customer_account_navigation" before="-" template="customer/account/navigation.phtml"> <action method="addLink" translate="label" module="customer"><name>account</name><path>customer/account/</path><label>Account Dashboard</label></action> <action method="addLink" translate="label" module="customer"><name>account_edit</name><path>customer/account/edit/</path><label>Account Information</label></action> <action method="addLink" translate="label" module="customer"><name>address_book</name><path>customer/address/</path><label>Address Book</label></action> </block> <block type="sales/reorder_sidebar" name="sale.reorder.sidebar" as="reorder" template="sales/reorder/sidebar.phtml"/> <remove name="tags_popular"/> </reference> </customer_account> This was basically copied straight over from another one of our sites where this works 100%. I've tried everything I can think of (changing the name of the reference in both the template and the layout xml, for example) to no avail. The templates that the layout is referencing are obviously working because they do show up when put into the "content" area. This installation of magento is version 1.3.1.1. I appreciate any advice you have to give me... *Update: I tried changing the reference to "global_messages", and it doesn't show there either. It only seems to work in the "content" section.* Update 2: These are the results of using the "showLayout=page" query string on the page when used with Alan Storm's very handy debugging module (which you'll find in his answer below). <?xml version="1.0"?> <layout><block type="page/html" name="root" output="toHtml" template="page/3columns.phtml"> <block type="page/html_head" name="head" as="head"> <action method="addJs"> <script>prototype/prototype.js</script> </action> <action method="addJs"> <script>prototype/validation.js</script> </action> <action method="addJs"> <script>paypoint/validation.js</script> </action> <action method="addJs"> <script>scriptaculous/builder.js</script> </action> <action method="addJs"> <script>scriptaculous/effects.js</script> </action> <action method="addJs"> <script>scriptaculous/dragdrop.js</script> </action> <action method="addJs"> <script>scriptaculous/controls.js</script> </action> <action method="addJs"> <script>scriptaculous/slider.js</script> </action> <action method="addJs"> <script>varien/js.js</script> </action> <action method="addJs"> <script>varien/form.js</script> </action> <action method="addJs"> <script>varien/menu.js</script> </action> <action method="addJs"> <script>mage/translate.js</script> </action> <action method="addJs"> <script>mage/cookies.js</script> </action> <action method="addCss"> <stylesheet>css/reset.css</stylesheet> </action> <action method="addCss"> <stylesheet>css/boxes.css</stylesheet> </action> <action method="addCss"> <stylesheet>css/clears.css</stylesheet> </action> <action method="addCss"> <stylesheet>css/menu.css</stylesheet> </action> <action method="addCss"> <stylesheet>css/calendar-blue.css</stylesheet> </action> <action method="addCss"> <stylesheet>css/styles.css</stylesheet> </action> <action method="addItem"> <type>skin_css</type> <name>css/iestyles.css</name> <params/> <if>IE</if> </action> <action method="addItem"> <type>skin_css</type> <name>css/ie7.css</name> <params/> <if>IE 7</if> </action> <action method="addItem"> <type>skin_css</type> <name>css/ie7minus.css</name> <params/> <if>lt IE 7</if> </action> <action method="addItem"> <type>js</type> <name>lib/ds-sleight.js</name> <params/> <if>lt IE 7</if> </action> <action method="addItem"> <type>js</type> <name>varien/iehover-fix.js</name> <params/> <if>lt IE 7</if> </action> <action method="addCss"> <stylesheet>css/print.css</stylesheet> <params>media="print"</params> </action> </block> <block type="page/html_header" name="header" as="header"> <block type="page/template_links" name="top.links" as="topLinks"/> <block type="page/switch" name="store_language" as="store_language" template="page/switch/languages.phtml"/> <block type="core/template" name="top.nav" template="page/html/top.nav.phtml"/> </block> <block type="core/messages" name="global_messages" as="global_messages"/> <block type="core/messages" name="messages" as="messages"/> <block type="core/text_list" name="content" as="content"/> <block type="core/text_list" name="right" as="right"/> <block type="page/html_footer" name="footer" as="footer" template="page/html/footer.phtml"/> <block type="core/text_list" name="before_body_end" as="before_body_end"/> </block> <block type="core/profiler" output="toHtml"/> <reference name="top.links"> <action method="addLink" translate="label title" module="customer"> <label>My Account</label> <url helper="customer/getAccountUrl"/> <title>My Account</title> <prepare/> <urlParams/> <position>10</position> </action> </reference> <reference name="root"> <action method="setTemplate"> <template>page/2columns-left.phtml</template> </action> </reference> <reference name="top.menu"> <block type="catalog/navigation" name="catalog.topnav" template="catalog/navigation/top.phtml"/> </reference> <reference name="footer_links"> <action method="addLink" translate="label title" module="catalog" ifconfig="catalog/seo/site_map"> <label>Site Map</label> <url helper="catalog/map/getCategoryUrl"/> <title>Site Map</title> </action> </reference> <reference name="footer_links"> <action method="addLink" translate="label title" module="catalogsearch" ifconfig="catalog/seo/search_terms"> <label>Search Terms</label> <url helper="catalogsearch/getSearchTermUrl"/> <title>Search Terms</title> </action> <action method="addLink" translate="label title" module="catalogsearch"> <label>Advanced Search</label> <url helper="catalogsearch/getAdvancedSearchUrl"/> <title>Advanced Search</title> </action> </reference> <reference name="top.links"> <block type="checkout/links" name="checkout_cart_link"> <action method="addCartLink"/> <action method="addCheckoutLink"/> </block> </reference> <reference name="footer"> <block type="cms/block" name="cms_footer_links" before="footer_links"> <action method="setBlockId"> <block_id>footer_links</block_id> </action> </block> </reference> <reference name="left"> <block type="tag/popular" name="tags_popular" template="tag/popular.phtm" ignore="1"> <action method="setTemplate"> <template>tag/popular.phtml</template> </action> </block> </reference> <reference name="left"> </reference> <reference name="before_body_end"> <block type="googleanalytics/ga" name="google_analytics" as="google_analytics"/> </reference> <reference name="footer_links"> <action method="addLink" translate="label title" module="contacts" ifconfig="contacts/contacts/enabled"> <label>Contact Us</label> <url>contact-us</url> <title>Contact Us</title> <prepare>true</prepare> </action> </reference> <reference name="footer_links"> <action method="addLink" translate="label title" module="rss" ifconfig="rss/config/active"> <label>RSS</label> <url>rss</url> <title>RSS testing</title> <prepare>true</prepare> <urlParams/> <position/> <li/> <a>class="link-feed"</a> </action> </reference> <reference name="wishlist_sidebar"> <action method="addPriceBlockType"> <type>bundle</type> <block>bundle/catalog_product_price</block> <template>bundle/catalog/product/price.phtml</template> </action> </reference> <reference name="cart_sidebar"> <action method="addItemRender"> <type>bundle</type> <block>bundle/checkout_cart_item_renderer</block> <template>checkout/cart/sidebar/default.phtml</template> </action> </reference> <reference name="root"> <action method="setTemplate"> <template>page/2columns-left.phtml</template> </action> </reference> <reference name="left"> <action method="unsetChild"> <name>catalog.navigation.all</name> </action> <action method="unsetChild"> <name>callout.sendcard</name> </action> <action method="unsetChild"> <name>callout.specialorder</name> </action> <block type="customer/account_navigation" name="customer_account_navigation" before="-" template="customer/account/navigation.phtml"> <action method="addLink" translate="label" module="customer"> <name>account</name> <path>customer/account/</path> <label>Account Dashboard</label> </action> <action method="addLink" translate="label" module="customer"> <name>account_edit</name> <path>customer/account/edit/</path> <label>Account Information</label> </action> <action method="addLink" translate="label" module="customer"> <name>address_book</name> <path>customer/address/</path> <label>Address Book</label> </action> </block> <block type="sales/reorder_sidebar" name="sale.reorder.sidebar" as="reorder" template="sales/reorder/sidebar.phtml"/> <remove name="tags_popular"/> </reference> <reference name="customer_account_navigation"> <action method="addLink" translate="label" module="sales"> <name>orders</name> <path>sales/order/history/</path> <label>My Orders</label> </action> </reference> <reference name="customer_account_navigation"> <action method="addLink" translate="label" module="tag"> <name>tags</name> <path>tag/customer/</path> <label>My Tags</label> </action> </reference> <reference name="customer_account_navigation"> <action method="addLink" translate="label" module="newsletter"> <name>newsletter</name> <path>newsletter/manage/</path> <label>Newsletter Subscriptions</label> </action> </reference> <reference name="cart_sidebar"> <action method="addItemRender"> <type>bundle</type> <block>bundle/checkout_cart_item_renderer</block> <template>checkout/cart/sidebar/default.phtml</template> </action> </reference> <update handle="customer_account"/> <reference name="content"> <block type="customer/account_dashboard" name="customer_account_dashboard" template="customer/account/dashboard.phtml"> <block type="customer/account_dashboard_hello" name="customer_account_dashboard_hello" as="hello" template="customer/account/dashboard/hello.phtml"/> <block type="core/template" name="customer_account_dashboard_top" as="top"/> <block type="customer/account_dashboard_info" name="customer_account_dashboard_info" as="info" template="customer/account/dashboard/info.phtml"/> <block type="customer/account_dashboard_newsletter" name="customer_account_dashboard_newsletter" as="newsletter" template="customer/account/dashboard/newsletter.phtml"/> <block type="customer/account_dashboard_address" name="customer_account_dashboard_address" as="address" template="customer/account/dashboard/address.phtml"/> <block type="core/template" name="customer_account_dashboard_info1" as="info1"/> <block type="core/template" name="customer_account_dashboard_info2" as="info2"/> </block> </reference> <reference name="right"> <action method="unsetChild"> <name>catalog_compare_sidebar</name> </action> </reference> <reference name="customer_account_dashboard"> <action method="unsetChild"> <name>top</name> </action> <block type="sales/order_recent" name="customer_account_dashboard_top" as="top" template="sales/order/recent.phtml"/> </reference> <reference name="right"> <action method="unsetChild"> <name>right.poll</name> </action> </reference> <reference name="customer_account_dashboard"> <action method="unsetChild"> <name>customer_account_dashboard_info2</name> </action> <block type="tag/customer_recent" name="customer_account_dashboard_info2" as="info2" template="tag/customer/recent.phtml"/> </reference> <reference name="right"> <action method="unsetChild"> <name>right.newsletter</name> </action> </reference> <reference name="top.links"> <action method="addLink" translate="label title" module="customer"> <label>Log Out</label> <url helper="customer/getLogoutUrl"/> <title>Log Out</title> <prepare/> <urlParams/> <position>100</position> </action> </reference></layout>

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