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• How to 'unlock' table header rows in Microsoft Word?

  - by SergeS

  I have a Microsoft word 2003 document that contains a table. I have to edit the text in the header row of that table. However, I can't select it, nor select any text in these header cells. Any idea how to 'unprotect' that table header row?

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• How do you cache web pages with a personalized header using caching reverse proxy such as Squid, Var

  - by Continuation

  Pretty much every page of my website is dynamically generated. However they don't change that frequently (kinda similar to a forum page). So I'd like to cache them using a caching reverse proxy such as Squid, varnish or Nginx. The problem is that for my logged-in users, each of them will see a personalized header saying "Welcome John Doe. Logout" on the upper right corner of the page (just like serverfault). While users who aren't logged in will see a header that says "Login" instead. So basically even though every user will see the same page in general, they all slightly different version due to that personalized header. Is there any way so that I can cache the "main" part of the page and serve it from cache while generate the personalized header dynamically for each individual user? This must be a very common problem. How is it solved in general?

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• Why does mod_security require an ACCEPT HTTP header field?

  - by ripper234

  After some debugging, I found that the core ruleset of mod_security blocks requests that don't have the (optional!) ACCEPT header field. This is what I find in the logs: ModSecurity: Warning. Match of "rx ^OPTIONS$" against "REQUEST_METHOD" required. [file "/etc/apache2/conf.d/modsecurity/modsecurity_crs_21_protocol_anomalies.conf"] [line "41"] [id "960015"] [msg "Request Missing an Accept Header"] [severity "CRITICAL"] [tag "PROTOCOL_VIOLATION/MISSING_HEADER"] [hostname "example.com"] [uri "/"] [unique_id "T4F5@H8AAQEAAFU6aPEAAAAL"] ModSecurity: Access denied with code 400 (phase 2). Match of "rx ^OPTIONS$" against "REQUEST_METHOD" required. [file "/etc/apache2/conf.d/modsecurity/optional_rules/modsecurity_crs_21_protocol_anomalies.conf"] [line "41"] [id "960015"] [msg "Request Missing an Accept Header"] [severity "CRITICAL"] [tag "PROTOCOL_VIOLATION/MISSING_HEADER"] [hostname "example.com"] [uri "/"] [unique_id "T4F5@H8AAQEAAFU6aPEAAAAL"] Why is this header required? I understand that "most" clients send these, but why is their absence considered a security threat?

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• How do .so files avoid problems associated with passing header-only templates like MS dll files have?

  - by Doug T.

  Based on the discussion around this question. I'd like to know how .so files/the ELF format/the gcc toolchain avoid problems passing classes defined purely in header files (like the std library). According to Jan in that answer, the dynamic linker/loader only picks one version of such a class to load if its defined in two .so files. So if two .so files have two definitions, perhaps with different compiler options/etc, the dynamic linker can pick one to use. Is this correct? How does this work with inlining? For example, MSVC inlines templates aggressively. This makes the solution I describe above untenable for dlls. Does Gcc never inline header-only templates like the std library as MSVC does? If so wouldn't that make the functionality of ELF described above ineffective in these cases?

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• Should a standard include header be specified in each file or as a compiler parameter?

  - by Max

  I've got a file such as this: #ifndef STDINCLUDE #define STDINCLUDE #include <memory> #include <stdexcept> #endif I want this file to be included in every header file, because I use stuff from those headers so much. Is it preferable to include this via compiler options (-I stdinclude.hpp), or should I physically include them in each header? (#include <stdinclude>). Note that I am attempting to be cross-platform-minded. I use cmake to serve atleast Unix and Windows.

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• Is length of ethernet header necessarily 14?What's pcap_pkthdr there for?

  - by httpinterpret

  Code snippet from here: void packet_handler(u_char *param, const struct pcap_pkthdr *header, const u_char *pkt_data) { .... /* retireve the position of the ip header */ ih = (ip_header *) (pkt_data + 14); //length of ethernet header .... But this image doesn't say it's necessarily 14: How should I do it properly? UPDATE What's const struct pcap_pkthdr *header for, when do we need it?

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• lighttpd header.html and directory listing together doesn't work.

  - by seridarus

  I've an HEADER.html page and a lots of directories in the same directory and want to show the header.html and dir-listing together at the site index like at this site : http://www.mirrorservice.org/sites/ftp.apache.org/ in my configuration : dir-listing.activate = "enable" dir-listing.show-header = "enable" it only shows header but not directory listing. Any suggestions?

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• help with javamail api

  - by bobby

  import javax.servlet.*; import javax.servlet.http.*; import java.io.*; import javax.mail.*; import javax.mail.internet.*; import javax.mail.event.*; import java.net.*; import java.util.*; public class servletmail extends HttpServlet { public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response)throws ServletException,IOException { PrintWriter out=response.getWriter(); response.setContentType("text/html"); try { Properties props=new Properties(); props.put("mail.transport.protocol", "smtp"); props.put("mail.smtp.host","smtp.gmail.com"); props.put("mail.smtp.port", "25"); props.put("mail.smtp.auth", "true"); Authenticator authenticator = new Authenticator() { protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() { return new PasswordAuthentication("user", "pass"); } }; Session sess=Session.getDefaultInstance(props,authenticator); Message msg=new MimeMessage(sess); msg.setFrom(new InternetAddress("[email protected]")); msg.addRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress("[email protected]")); msg.setSubject("Hello JavaMail"); msg.setText("Welcome to JavaMail"); Transport.send(msg); out.println("mail has been sent"); } catch(Exception e) { System.out.println("err"+e); } } } im working with above im gettin d following error servletmail.java:22: reference to Authenticator is ambiguous, both class java.ne t.Authenticator in java.net and class javax.mail.Authenticator in javax.mail mat ch Authenticator authenticator = new Authenticator() ^ servletmail.java:22: reference to Authenticator is ambiguous, both class java.ne t.Authenticator in java.net and class javax.mail.Authenticator in javax.mail mat ch Authenticator authenticator = new Authenticator() ^ 2 errors i have followed the example in http://java.sun.com/developer/onlineTraining/JavaMail/contents.html how should i get the output..will the above code...work what are the changes that need to be made..im using thunderbird smtp server

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• If attacker has original data and encrypted data, can they determine the passphrase?

  - by Brad Cupit

  If an attacker has several distinct items (for example: e-mail addresses) and knows the encrypted value of each item, can the attacker more easily determine the secret passphrase used to encrypt those items? Meaning, can they determine the passphrase without resorting to brute force? This question may sound strange, so let me provide a use-case: User signs up to a site with their e-mail address Server sends that e-mail address a confirmation URL (for example: https://my.app.com/confirmEmailAddress/bill%40yahoo.com) Attacker can guess the confirmation URL and therefore can sign up with someone else's e-mail address, and 'confirm' it without ever having to sign in to that person's e-mail account and see the confirmation URL. This is a problem. Instead of sending the e-mail address plain text in the URL, we'll send it encrypted by a secret passphrase. (I know the attacker could still intercept the e-mail sent by the server, since e-mail are plain text, but bear with me here.) If an attacker then signs up with multiple free e-mail accounts and sees multiple URLs, each with the corresponding encrypted e-mail address, could the attacker more easily determine the passphrase used for encryption? Alternative Solution I could instead send a random number or one-way hash of their e-mail address (plus random salt). This eliminates storing the secret passphrase, but it means I need to store that random number/hash in the database. The original approach above does not require storage in the database. I'm leaning towards the the one-way-hash-stored-in-the-db, but I still would like to know the answer: does having multiple unencrypted e-mail addresses and their encrypted counterparts make it easier to determine the passphrase used?

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• Sort Grid Columns of mixed type in EXTJS Grid

  - by Amit

  Hello, I want to sort the extjs columns, I have the column type as float and from the server side i am getting values which can contain "-" value , now what happens the grid is displaying me the NaN value instead of - and the sort is not working anymore. My requirement is to create a custom sort which can sort first based on number and then sort based on string. Thanks to suggest as renderer also not works for me. My Json String is: {metaData:{"totalProperty":"total", "root":"records","fields":[{"header":"Part Number##false","name":"XJE010^VT-007!0","type":"string"},{"header":"Marketing Status##false","name":"STP716^VT-007!0","type":"string"},{"header":"Package##false","name":"XJE016^VT-007!0","type":"string"},{"header":"Automotive Grade##false","name":"STP472^VT-007!0","type":"string"},{"header":"VDSS##false","name":"XJG810^VT-007!0","type":"float"},{"header":"Drain Current (Dc)(I_D) % (A)##false","name":"XJG273^VT-006!0","type":"float"},{"header":"RDS(on) (@VGS=10V) % (&#937;)##false","name":"XJG640^VT-006!3","type":"float"},{"header":"Features##false","name":"GNP023^VT-007!0","type":"string"},{"header":"RDS(on) (@4.5 or 5V) % (&#937;)##false","name":"XJG640^VT-006!6","type":"float"},{"header":"RDS(on) (@2.7V) % (&#937;)##false","name":"XJG640^VT-006!7","type":"float"},{"header":"RDS(on) (@1.8V) % (&#937;)##false","name":"XJG640^VT-006!8","type":"float"},{"header":"Free Samples##false","name":"STP0881^VT-007!0","type":"string"},{"header":"Total Gate Charge(Qg) typ ()##true","name":"STP049^VT-002!0","type":"float"},{"header":"Total Power Dissipation(PD) % (W)##true","name":"XJG820^VT-006!0","type":"float"}]},"success":"true", "total":13,"records":[{"XJE010^VT-007!0":"STB80PF55$$/cn/analog/product/67164.jsp","STP716^VT-007!0":"Active","XJE016^VT-007!0":"D2PAK","STP472^VT-007!0":"_","XJG810^VT-007!0":"-55","XJG273^VT-006!0":"80","XJG640^VT-006!3":".018","GNP023^VT-007!0":"-","XJG640^VT-006!6":"-","XJG640^VT-006!7":"-","XJG640^VT-006!8":"-","STP0881^VT-007!0":"No","STP049^VT-002!0":"190","XJG820^VT-006!0":"300"},{"XJE010^VT-007!0":"STD10PF06$$/cn/analog/product/64543.jsp","STP716^VT-007!0":"Active","XJE016^VT-007!0":"IPAK TO-251 TO 252 DPAK","STP472^VT-007!0":"_","XJG810^VT-007!0":"-60","XJG273^VT-006!0":"-10","XJG640^VT-006!3":".2","GNP023^VT-007!0":"-","XJG640^VT-006!6":"-","XJG640^VT-006!7":"-","XJG640^VT-006!8":"-","STP0881^VT-007!0":"No ... Regards, Amit

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• If attacker has original data, and encrypted data, can they determine the passphrase?

  - by Brad Cupit

  If an attacker has several distinct items (for example: e-mail addresses) and knows the encrypted value of each item, can the attacker more easily determine the secret passphrase used to encrypt those items? Meaning, can they determine the passphrase without resorting to brute force? This question may sound strange, so let me provide a use-case: User signs up to a site with their e-mail address Server sends that e-mail address a confirmation URL (for example: https://my.app.com/confirmEmailAddress/bill%40yahoo.com) Attacker can guess the confirmation URL and therefore can sign up with someone else's e-mail address, and 'confirm' it without ever having to sign in to that person's e-mail account and see the confirmation URL. This is a problem. Instead of sending the e-mail address plain text in the URL, we'll send it encrypted by a secret passphrase. (I know the attacker could still intercept the e-mail sent by the server, since e-mail are plain text, but bear with me here.) If an attacker then signs up with multiple free e-mail accounts and sees multiple URLs, each with the corresponding encrypted e-mail address, could the attacker more easily determine the passphrase used for encryption? Alternative Solution I could instead send a random number or one-way hash of their e-mail address (plus random salt). This eliminates storing the secret passphrase, but it means I need to store that random number/hash in the database. The original approach above does not require this extra table. I'm leaning towards the the one-way hash + extra table solution, but I still would like to know the answer: does having multiple unencrypted e-mail addresses and their encrypted counterparts make it easier to determine the passphrase used?

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• Transfer all 1&1 web and e-mail services to own Synology NAS using No-IP for DDNS

  - by Neo

  I have a domain x-treem.net. The registrar is DomainDiscover and I have a hosting package with 1&1 which includes web and e-mail. I also have an additional package with 1&1 - Microsoft Exchange which centralises all my e-mails, tasks, contacts, notes, etc. and I connect to it with my PC (Outlook) and my Android phone. I have just purchased a Synology NAS (DS213) and I can see I can run a web server (Web Station), e-mail server (Mail Server) on it amongst other things. I am behind a dynamic IP. So, I'm looking to get some clarification on what I must do to consolidate my services and make use of my NAS to do as much as possible and save third-party hosting costs. My registrar specifies nameservers as NS45.1AND1.CO.UK and NS46.1AND1.CO.UK. The MX record is mx00.1and1.co.uk and mx01.1and1.co.uk. I'm aware of the concept of DDNS and I am looking at using No-IP.com for this. This is where I need clarification. If I registered with the No-IP paid service and pointed my registrar to No-IP's nameservers, and used the DDNS support on my NAS (which supports No-IP), then any requests to x-treem.net would go to my NAS. Is that correct? Therefore, web requests would hit the web server on my NAS, and e-mails would hit the mail server on my NAS? So, given all of the above, I can then drop 1&1 completely and use my NAS for everything. I use MySQL, phpMyAdmin, phpBB on 1&1 all of which the Synology NAS appears to support in its available packages. As for Microsoft Exchange, Synology offers Zafara which appears to be a drop-in replacement for Exchange. Am I on the right track here, or is there anything I am missing?

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• smtpd_helo_restrictions = ..., reject_unknown_helo_hostname occasionally rejects mail I care about, how to handle?

  - by lkraav

  I have configured my postfix as follows: smtpd_helo_restrictions = permit_sasl_authenticated, permit_mynetworks, reject_unknown_helo_hostname This is working well because most spambots don't seem to have correct reverse lookups. But every once in a while I run into mail I care about getting reject, because the mail source server admin doesn't care about configuring his server correctly. For example here the server introduces itself as "srv1.xbmc.org" which has no DNS record and fails my basic check. Jan 6 04:42:36 mail postfix/smtpd[660]: connect from xbmc.org[205.251.128.242] Jan 6 04:42:37 mail postfix/smtpd[660]: NOQUEUE: reject: RCPT from xbmc.org[205.251.128.242]: 450 4.7.1 <srv1.xbmc.org>: Helo command rejected: Host not found; from=<[email protected]> to=<[email protected]> proto=ESMTP helo=<srv1.xbmc.org> I have tried to contact the server admin several times, but there is no response. What is the optimal way to handle this from my side? Is adding these "special" hosts to mynetworks = my only option? Is perhaps my whole smtpd_helo_restrictions setup wrong in some significant way?

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• How to change the mail domain server so it's not displaying IP? Changing [email protected] to [email protected]

  - by Pavel

  Hi guys. I'm kinda a noob as a server admin so please bear with me. I've installed postfix mail server and everything is working fine but the 'from' box is displaying [email protected]. I want to set it up so it displays domainname.com instead of IP. I just hope you know what I mean. My main.cf in postfix folder looks like this: # See /usr/share/postfix/main.cf.dist for a commented, more complete version # Debian specific: Specifying a file name will cause the first # line of that file to be used as the name. The Debian default # is /etc/mailname. myorigin = /etc/mailname smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Ubuntu) biff = no # appending .domain is the MUA's job. append_dot_mydomain = no # Uncomment the next line to generate "delayed mail" warnings #delay_warning_time = 4h readme_directory = no # TLS parameters smtpd_tls_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem smtpd_tls_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key smtpd_use_tls=yes smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache # See /usr/share/doc/postfix/TLS_README.gz in the postfix-doc package for # information on enabling SSL in the smtp client. myhostname = mail.thevinylfactory alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases myorigin = /etc/mailname mydestination = mail.thevinylfactory.com, thevinylfactory, localhost.localdomain, localhost relayhost = mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128 mailbox_size_limit = 0 recipient_delimiter = + inet_interfaces = all Can anyone help me with this one? If you need any more details please let me know. Thanks in advance!

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• How to modify a message, so it will be for 100% recognizable as spam by Exchange junk e-mail filter

  - by user71061

  Hi! I have an sendmail server, sitting in front of my Exchange server. This server filter spam with SpamAssassin (and do it incredibly well!), but it merely tag spam messages with appropriate header flags and by modifying message subject. When such a message arrives to user mailbox on Exchange server, where it is examined by Echange/Outlook junk e-mail filter, which put most of spam in junk message folder. And that is my problem: most, but not all! To put all spam in junk e-mail message folder, user has to define an rule, saying f.e: "If header contains text 'X-Spam-Flag: YES' then move it to 'Junk e-mail messages' folder". Fine, but it has to be done on every user (for some users, this task is too "complicated" to made it themselves :-) . So I want to know, how could I modify message header in such a way, that Exchange junk e-mail filter will for 100% recognize this message as a spam, freeing user from task of defining his own rule. Some solution could be defining such a rule by using AD and group policy, but I wan't to avoid this due to many possible caveats: there are so many combination of different operating system and different Outlook versions, and to be honest, I doubt if it is even possible.

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• File does not exist: /var/www/mailman

  - by Thufir

  I'm following the guide for installing mailman: root@dur:~# root@dur:~# ln -s /etc/mailman/apache.conf /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/mailman -v `/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/mailman' -> `/etc/mailman/apache.conf' root@dur:~# root@dur:~# service apache2 restart * Restarting web server apache2 ... waiting . [ OK ] root@dur:~# root@dur:~# curl http://localhost/mailman/admin/ <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN"> <html><head> <title>404 Not Found</title> </head><body> <h1>Not Found</h1> <p>The requested URL /mailman/admin/ was not found on this server.</p> <hr> <address>Apache/2.2.22 (Ubuntu) Server at localhost Port 80</address> </body></html> root@dur:~# root@dur:~# tail /var/log/apache2/error.log [Mon Aug 27 13:08:02 2012] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] File does not exist: /var/www/mailman [Mon Aug 27 13:10:16 2012] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] File does not exist: /var/www/mailman [Mon Aug 27 13:29:27 2012] [notice] caught SIGTERM, shutting down [Mon Aug 27 13:29:27 2012] [error] python_init: Python version mismatch, expected '2.7.2+', found '2.7.3'. [Mon Aug 27 13:29:27 2012] [error] python_init: Python executable found '/usr/bin/python'. [Mon Aug 27 13:29:27 2012] [error] python_init: Python path being used '/usr/lib/python2.7/:/usr/lib/python2.7/plat-linux2:/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk:/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-old:/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload'. [Mon Aug 27 13:29:27 2012] [notice] mod_python: Creating 8 session mutexes based on 6 max processes and 25 max threads. [Mon Aug 27 13:29:27 2012] [notice] mod_python: using mutex_directory /tmp [Mon Aug 27 13:29:28 2012] [notice] Apache/2.2.22 (Ubuntu) mod_python/3.3.1 Python/2.7.3 mod_ruby/1.2.6 Ruby/1.8.7(2011-06-30) configured -- resuming normal operations [Mon Aug 27 13:29:58 2012] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] File does not exist: /var/www/mailman root@dur:~# root@dur:~# root@dur:~# root@dur:~# cat /etc/aliases usenet: root ## mailman mailing list mailman: "|/var/lib/mailman/mail/mailman post mailman" mailman-admin: "|/var/lib/mailman/mail/mailman admin mailman" mailman-bounces: "|/var/lib/mailman/mail/mailman bounces mailman" mailman-confirm: "|/var/lib/mailman/mail/mailman confirm mailman" mailman-join: "|/var/lib/mailman/mail/mailman join mailman" mailman-leave: "|/var/lib/mailman/mail/mailman leave mailman" mailman-owner: "|/var/lib/mailman/mail/mailman owner mailman" mailman-request: "|/var/lib/mailman/mail/mailman request mailman" mailman-subscribe: "|/var/lib/mailman/mail/mailman subscribe mailman" mailman-unsubscribe: "|/var/lib/mailman/mail/mailman unsubscribe mailman" root@dur:~# What's wrong with the link? or is apache not running right?

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• Computer Networks UNISA - Chap 10 &ndash; In Depth TCP/IP Networking

  - by MarkPearl

  After reading this section you should be able to Understand methods of network design unique to TCP/IP networks, including subnetting, CIDR, and address translation Explain the differences between public and private TCP/IP networks Describe protocols used between mail clients and mail servers, including SMTP, POP3, and IMAP4 Employ multiple TCP/IP utilities for network discovery and troubleshooting Designing TCP/IP-Based Networks The following sections explain how network and host information in an IPv4 address can be manipulated to subdivide networks into smaller segments. Subnetting Subnetting separates a network into multiple logically defined segments, or subnets. Networks are commonly subnetted according to geographic locations, departmental boundaries, or technology types. A network administrator might separate traffic to accomplish the following… Enhance security Improve performance Simplify troubleshooting The challenges of Classful Addressing in IPv4 (No subnetting) The simplest type of IPv4 is known as classful addressing (which was the Class A, Class B & Class C network addresses). Classful addressing has the following limitations. Restriction in the number of usable IPv4 addresses (class C would be limited to 254 addresses) Difficult to separate traffic from various parts of a network Because of the above reasons, subnetting was introduced. IPv4 Subnet Masks Subnetting depends on the use of subnet masks to identify how a network is subdivided. A subnet mask indicates where network information is located in an IPv4 address. The 1 in a subnet mask indicates that corresponding bits in the IPv4 address contain network information (likewise 0 indicates the opposite) Each network class is associated with a default subnet mask… Class A = 255.0.0.0 Class B = 255.255.0.0 Class C = 255.255.255.0 An example of calculating  the network ID for a particular device with a subnet mask is shown below.. IP Address = 199.34.89.127 Subnet Mask = 255.255.255.0 Resultant Network ID = 199.34.89.0 IPv4 Subnetting Techniques Subnetting breaks the rules of classful IPv4 addressing. Read page 490 for a detailed explanation Calculating IPv4 Subnets Read page 491 – 494 for an explanation Important… Subnetting only applies to the devices internal to your network. Everything external looks at the class of the IP address instead of the subnet network ID. This way, traffic directed to your network externally still knows where to go, and once it has entered your internal network it can then be prioritized and segmented. CIDR (classless Interdomain Routing) CIDR is also known as classless routing or supernetting. In CIDR conventional network class distinctions do not exist, a subnet boundary can move to the left, therefore generating more usable IP addresses on your network. A subnet created by moving the subnet boundary to the left is known as a supernet. With CIDR also came new shorthand for denoting the position of subnet boundaries known as CIDR notation or slash notation. CIDR notation takes the form of the network ID followed by a forward slash (/) followed by the number of bits that are used for the extended network prefix. To take advantage of classless routing, your networks routers must be able to interpret IP addresses that don;t adhere to conventional network class parameters. Routers that rely on older routing protocols (i.e. RIP) are not capable of interpreting classless IP addresses. Internet Gateways Gateways are a combination of software and hardware that enable two different network segments to exchange data. A gateway facilitates communication between different networks or subnets. Because on device cannot send data directly to a device on another subnet, a gateway must intercede and hand off the information. Every device on a TCP/IP based network has a default gateway (a gateway that first interprets its outbound requests to other subnets, and then interprets its inbound requests from other subnets). The internet contains a vast number of routers and gateways. If each gateway had to track addressing information for every other gateway on the Internet, it would be overtaxed. Instead, each handles only a relatively small amount of addressing information, which it uses to forward data to another gateway that knows more about the data’s destination. The gateways that make up the internet backbone are called core gateways. Address Translation An organizations default gateway can also be used to “hide” the organizations internal IP addresses and keep them from being recognized on a public network. A public network is one that any user may access with little or no restrictions. On private networks, hiding IP addresses allows network managers more flexibility in assigning addresses. Clients behind a gateway may use any IP addressing scheme, regardless of whether it is recognized as legitimate by the Internet authorities but as soon as those devices need to go on the internet, they must have legitimate IP addresses to exchange data. When a clients transmission reaches the default gateway, the gateway opens the IP datagram and replaces the client’s private IP address with an Internet recognized IP address. This process is known as NAT (Network Address Translation). TCP/IP Mail Services All Internet mail services rely on the same principles of mail delivery, storage, and pickup, though they may use different types of software to accomplish these functions. Email servers and clients communicate through special TCP/IP application layer protocols. These protocols, all of which operate on a variety of operating systems are discussed below… SMTP (Simple Mail transfer Protocol) The protocol responsible for moving messages from one mail server to another over TCP/IP based networks. SMTP belongs to the application layer of the ODI model and relies on TCP as its transport protocol. Operates from port 25 on the SMTP server Simple sub-protocol, incapable of doing anything more than transporting mail or holding it in a queue MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) The standard message format specified by SMTP allows for lines that contain no more than 1000 ascii characters meaning if you relied solely on SMTP you would have very short messages and nothing like pictures included in an email. MIME us a standard for encoding and interpreting binary files, images, video, and non-ascii character sets within an email message. MIME identifies each element of a mail message according to content type. MIME does not replace SMTP but works in conjunction with it. Most modern email clients and servers support MIME POP (Post Office Protocol) POP is an application layer protocol used to retrieve messages from a mail server POP3 relies on TCP and operates over port 110 With POP3 mail is delivered and stored on a mail server until it is downloaded by a user Disadvantage of POP3 is that it typically does not allow users to save their messages on the server because of this IMAP is sometimes used IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) IMAP is a retrieval protocol that was developed as a more sophisticated alternative to POP3 The single biggest advantage IMAP4 has over POP3 is that users can store messages on the mail server, rather than having to continually download them Users can retrieve all or only a portion of any mail message Users can review their messages and delete them while the messages remain on the server Users can create sophisticated methods of organizing messages on the server Users can share a mailbox in a central location Disadvantages of IMAP are typically related to the fact that it requires more storage space on the server. Additional TCP/IP Utilities Nearly all TCP/IP utilities can be accessed from the command prompt on any type of server or client running TCP/IP. The syntaxt may differ depending on the OS of the client. Below is a list of additional TCP/IP utilities – research their use on your own! Ipconfig (Windows) & Ifconfig (Linux) Netstat Nbtstat Hostname, Host & Nslookup Dig (Linux) Whois (Linux) Traceroute (Tracert) Mtr (my traceroute) Route

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• configure postfix to send as different domains

  - by Cerales

  I have postfix configured to receive mail for multiple domains. The primary domain goes through a standard postfix setup, whereas a secondary domain is handed by a /etc/postfix/virtual.db file which maps addresses for the secondary domain to other unix users. Incoming mail works perfectly, but when I send mail as users on the secondary domain, the mail receiver still sees it as coming from [unix username]@[primarydomain].net. Can anyone help me figure out how to configure the virtual postfix domain to send mail through the same domain it receives it as?

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• PHPExcel set specific headers for file format

  - by Asif

  Hi, While googling I found two different sets of headers that need to be set when outputting excel generated in different file format. for e.g. For Type "Excel5" headers are: header("Pragma: public"); header("Expires: 0"); header("Cache-Control: must-revalidate, post-check=0, pre-check=0"); header("Content-Type: application/force-download"); header("Content-Type: application/octet-stream"); header("Content-Type: application/download");; header("Content-Disposition: attachment;filename=$filename"); header("Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary "); For Type "Excel2007" headers are: header('Content-Type: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet'); header('Content-Disposition: attachment;filename="myfile.xlsx"'); header('Cache-Control: max-age=0'); My question: is there need to set up different headers for each file type as there are other file types also CSV, HTML and PDF?

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• MFMailComposeViewController broke CSS styles in html template

  - by Victor

  I use MFMailComposeViewController to send a message in html format. If my html template contains the css styles: <div class="margin:10 10 10 0"> <a href="domain.name">Go To</a></div> In this case it works good. But if I send: <a href="domain.name">Go&nbsp;To</a> then I see the letter that comes with broken styles as there (3D is not my misprint) <div style=3D"margin:10 10 10 10;"><a href=3D"www.google.com">Go=C2=A0To</a></div> Well as the letter goes broken when I insert in the template symbols from national alphabets. Somebody can tell what the problem and check with yourself?

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• SmtpClient.SendAsync - How to ensure my application doesn't finish before callback?

  - by James

  Hi, I need to send emails asychronously through a console application. I need to do some DB updates on the callback but my application is exiting before the callback code gets run! How can I stop this from happening in a nice manner rather than simply guessing how long to wait before exiting. I would imagine the Async calls get placed in some form of thread? Is it possible to check if any are waiting to be called? Sample Code private static void SendCompletedCallback(object sender, AsyncCompletedEventArgs e) { // Get the unique identifier for this asynchronous operation. String token = (string) e.UserState; if (e.Cancelled) { Console.WriteLine("[{0}] Send canceled.", token); } if (e.Error != null) { Console.WriteLine("[{0}] {1}", token, e.Error.ToString()); } else { // update DB Console.WriteLine("Message sent."); } } public static void Main(string[] args) { var users = Repository.GetUsers(); SmtpClient client = new SmtpClient("Host"); client.SendCompleted += new SendCompletedEventHandler(SendCompletedCallback); MailAddress from = new MailAddress("[email protected]", "System", Encoding.UTF8); foreach (var user in users) { MailAddress to = new MailAddress(user.Email); MailMessage message = new MailMessage(from, to); message.Body = "This is a test"; message.BodyEncoding = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8; message.Subject = "test message 1" + someArrows; message.SubjectEncoding = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8; string userState = String.Format("Message for user id {0}", user.ID); client.SendAsync(message, userState); message.Dispose(); } // need to wait here until I have received a callback for each message // otherwise the application will exit }

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• How to retrieve a IMAP body with the right charset?

  - by Erik

  Hi Guys, I'm trying to make an "IMAP fetch" command to retrieve the message body. I need to pass/use the correct charset, otherwise the response will come with special characters. How can I make the IMAP request/command to consider the charset I received in the BODYSTRUCTURE result??

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• c# library that extracts gmail,yahoomail and AOL contacts..

  - by Pandiya Chendur

  Is there any good c# library that extracts gmail,yahoomail and AOL contacts? Any suggestion... I looked at Opencontacts.net and i used opencontacts.dll in my asp.net web application but i can't able to make it work... It shows an error Could not load file or assembly 'Utilities, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null' or one of its dependencies. The system cannot find the file specified..... I did this, OpenContactsNet.GmailExtract gm = new OpenContactsNet.GmailExtract(); NetworkCredential nw =new NetworkCredential("[email protected]","***"); OpenContactsNet.MailContactList ml = new OpenContactsNet.MailContactList(); gm.Extract(nw, out ml); I am in search of any other c# library which would do my needs....

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• Deliver large volume of automatic notification emails without being throttled

  - by jack

  I think most website has certain needs to deliver emails to its users, e.g. account activation emails, private messsage notification, comment notification, etc. Take my site as example, among 5,000 registered users, about 1,500 signed up using gmail.com box, 1,000 using yahoo.com and another 1,000 using hotmail.com. Every now and then I receive complaints from users that they never receive account activation email, sometime it goes to junk folder sometimes it just not show in any folder. Maybe it's kind of being "throttled" when exceeded maximum number of messages sent from same ip address to gmail.com/yahoo.com/hotmail.com during certain period of time? I'm using Postfix and there seems no problem with configuration since 90% of emails can be delivered to gmail.com/yahoo.com/hotmail.com boxes successfully. I noticed twitter is delivering millions of such automatic notifications to its users but I never missed a message from them. How do they archive this? Is there a permanent white list on gmail.com, yahoo.com or hotmail.com? Thanks in advance.

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• Sending email via GMail in .NET

  - by VP

  I am getting the following error when I try to send an email in my C# program. I am using Visual Studio 2008 on windows 7. I would paste my code first and then the error: class email_log_files { private string login_username = "my_gmail_id"; private string login_password = "my_gmail_password"; public void send_email() { string src_address = "[email protected]"; string dest_address = "[email protected]"; try { MailMessage email_msg = new MailMessage(); SmtpClient email_client = new SmtpClient(); email_msg.From = new MailAddress(src_address); email_msg.Sender = new MailAddress(src_address); email_msg.ReplyTo = new MailAddress(src_address); email_msg.To.Add(dest_address); email_msg.Subject = "Test"; email_msg.Body = "Body of the message"; NetworkCredential credentials = new NetworkCredential(login_username, login_password); email_client.Credentials = credentials; email_client.Host = "smtp.gmail.com"; email_client.Port = 465; email_client.EnableSsl = true; email_client.Send(email_msg); Console.WriteLine("Message Sent Successfully!!"); Console.ReadLine(); } } } And the error message is as follows: The operation has timed out. Why is it always timing out? I am sure that I have the correct smtp server address and port number for gmail as I have configured my outlook with the same. Any help or ideas?

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