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  • Is there an imperative language with a Haskell-like type system?

    - by Graham Kaemmer
    I've tried to learn Haskell a few times over the last few years, and, maybe because I know mainly scripting languages, the functional-ness of it has always bothered me (monads seem like a huge mess for doing lots of I/O). However, I think it's type system is perfect. Reading through a guide to Haskell's types and typeclasses (like this), I don't really see a reason why they would require a functional language, and furthermore, they seem like they would be perfect for an industry-grade object-oriented language (like Java). This all begs the question: has anyone ever taken Haskell's typing system and made a imperative, OOP language with it? If so, I want to use it.

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  • How to separate and maintain customer specific code

    - by WYSIWYG
    I am implementing customer specific code and currently following simple approach like if (cusomterId == 23) do it. I want to separate out all the customer related code in separate place. But I have following problems. In code is in 1. Stored procs 2. Plain old classes. 3. Controllers 4. Views I came up with two solutions. First is to create table CustomerFunctionlity with columns CustomerId, FunctionalityName, method/Proc, inputs/outputs With this table I can simply check if exists, execute given function. Another way is creating a factory which returns customer related object for an interface. I am writting small end to end customer specific functionalities. How can I write maintenable code. Thanks

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  • Name for this antipattern? Fields as local variables

    - by JSB????
    In some code I'm reviewing, I'm seeing stuff that's the moral equivalent of the following: public class Foo { private Bar bar; public MethodA() { bar = new Bar(); bar.A(); bar = null; } public MethodB() { bar = new Bar(); bar.B(); bar = null; } } The field bar here is logically a local variable, as its value is never intended to persist across method calls. However, since many of the methods in Foo need an object of type Bar, the original code author has just made a field of type Bar. This is obviously bad, right? Is there a name for this antipattern?

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  • How to deal with OOP design problems in interviews?

    - by haps10
    This is a question where I seek guidance from fellow/senior developers to get into my dream company - it's a pioneer in OOP and Agile. I've already failed once to clear an interview. One part I feel most challenging is to come up with a proper Object Oriented design(classes, interfaces, methods, interactions etc.) in a very short time for certain situations like Pacman, Game Of Life and so on. As the problems are unprecedented ones - my approach is mostly to try different things and then make decisions - which they feel is not clear and not what they expect from a developer with 5+ years of experience. I've already studied a few books on patterns, OOP - it didn't help me much and I think it'll take a bit more than that. Could some one please guide on what specifically shall I practice so that I can do better at design problems as above. I want to refine my approach and have a better thought process.

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  • Question about main(String[] args) [migrated]

    - by Andrew0085
    I'm new to programming, and I'm using java. Here's a program I wrote: class HelloApp { static String hi; public static void main(String[] args) { int length = args.length; if (length > 0) { hi = args[0]; sayHi(); } } static void sayHi() { if (hi == "hello") { System.out.println("Hello!"); } } } My question is: Why doesn't inputting "java HelloApp hello" make "Hello!" appear on the next line?

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  • In PHP... best way to turn string representation of a folder structure into nested array

    - by Greg Frommer
    Hi everyone, I looked through the related questions for a similar question but I wasn't seeing quite what I need, pardon if this has already been answered already. In my database I have a list of records that I want represented to the user as files inside of a folder structure. So for each record I have a VARCHAR column called "FolderStructure" that I want to identify that records place in to the folder structure. The series of those flat FolderStructure string columns will create my tree structure with the folders being seperated by backslashes (naturally). I didn't want to add another table just to represent a folder structure... The 'file' name is stored in a separate column so that if the FolderStructure column is empty, the file is assumed to be at the root folder. What is the best way to turn a collection of these records into a series of HTML UL/LI tags... where each LI represents a file and each folder structure being an UL embedded inside it's parent?? So for example: file - folderStructure foo - bar - firstDir blue - firstDir/subdir would produce the following HTML: <ul> <li>foo</li> <ul> <li> bar </li> <ul> <li> blue </li> </ul> </ul> </ul> Thanks

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  • Methods and properties in scheme - is object oriented programming possible in scheme?

    - by incrediman
    I will use a simple example to illustrate my question. In Java, C, or any other OOP language, I could create a pie class in a way similar to this: class Apple{ public String flavor; public int pieces; private int tastiness; public goodness(){ return tastiness*pieces; } } What's the best way to do that with Scheme? I suppose I could do with something like this: (define make-pie (lambda (flavor pieces tastiness) (list flavor pieces tastiness))) (define pie-goodness (lambda (pie) (* (list-ref pie 1) (list-ref pie 2)))) (pie-goodness (make-pie 'cherry 2 5)) ;output: 10 ...where cherry is the flavor, 2 is the pieces, and 5 is the tastiness. However then there's no type-safety or visibility, and everything's just shoved in an unlabeled list. How can I improve that? Sidenote: The make-pie procedure expects 3 arguments. If I want to make some of them optional (like I'd be able to in curly-brace languages like Java or C), is it good practice to just take the arguments in as a list (that is treat the arguments as a list - not require one argument which is a list) and deal with them that way?

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  • How to check if JavaScript object is JSON

    - by Wei Hao
    I have a nested JSON object that I need to loop through, and the value of each key could be a String, JSON array or another JSON object. Depending on the type of object, I need to carry out different operations. Is there any way I can check the type of the object to see if it is a String, JSON object or JSON array? I tried using typeof and instanceof but both didn't seem to work, as typeof will return an object for both JSON object and array, and instanceof gives an error when I do obj instanceof JSON. To be more specific, after parsing the JSON into a JS object, is there any way I can check if it is a normal string, or an object with keys and values (from a JSON object), or an array (from a JSON array)? For example: JSON var data = {"hi": {"hello": ["hi1","hi2"] }, "hey":"words" } JavaScript var jsonObj = JSON.parse(data); var level1 = jsonObj.hi; var text = jsonObj.hey; var arr = level1.hello; //how to check if level1 was formerly a JSON object? //how to check if arr was formerly a JSON array? //how to check if text is a string?

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  • Why is my PHP string being converted to 1?

    - by animuson
    Ok, so here's the quick rundown. I have a function to generate the page numbers. This: <?php die($ani->e->tmpl->pages("/archive", 1, 15, 1, true)); ?> will output Single Page like expected. But this: <?php $page_numbers = $ani->e->tmpl->pages("/archive", 1, 15, 1, true); ?> <?= $page_numbers ?> will output a simple 1 to the page. Why is it getting converted to a 1? I would expect it to store the 'Single Page' string to the page_numbers variable and then output it (like an echo) exactly the same. EDIT: Running a var_dump($page_numbers) returns int(1)... Here is the entire function in context: <?php // other functions... function show_list() { global $ani; $page_numbers = $ani->e->tmpl->pages("/archive", 1, 15, 1, true); ob_start(); ?> <!-- content:start --> <?php $archive_result = $ani->e->db->build(array("select" => "*", "from" => "animuson_archive", "orderby" => "0-time", "limit" => 15)); while ($archive = $ani->e->db->fetch($archive_result)) { ?> <h2><a href="/archive/article/<?= $archive['aid'] ?>/<?= $archive['title_nice'] ?>"><?= $archive['title'] ?></a></h2> <!-- breaker --> <?php } ?> <?= var_dump($page_numbers) ?> <!-- content:stop --> <?php $ani->e->tmpl->process("box", ob_get_clean()); } // other functions... ?>

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  • Faster way to split a string and count characters using R?

    - by chrisamiller
    I'm looking for a faster way to calculate GC content for DNA strings read in from a FASTA file. This boils down to taking a string and counting the number of times that the letter 'G' or 'C' appears. I also want to specify the range of characters to consider. I have a working function that is fairly slow, and it's causing a bottleneck in my code. It looks like this: ## ## count the number of GCs in the characters between start and stop ## gcCount <- function(line, st, sp){ chars = strsplit(as.character(line),"")[[1]] numGC = 0 for(j in st:sp){ ##nested ifs faster than an OR (|) construction if(chars[[j]] == "g"){ numGC <- numGC + 1 }else if(chars[[j]] == "G"){ numGC <- numGC + 1 }else if(chars[[j]] == "c"){ numGC <- numGC + 1 }else if(chars[[j]] == "C"){ numGC <- numGC + 1 } } return(numGC) } Running Rprof gives me the following output: > a = "GCCCAAAATTTTCCGGatttaagcagacataaattcgagg" > Rprof(filename="Rprof.out") > for(i in 1:500000){gcCount(a,1,40)}; > Rprof(NULL) > summaryRprof(filename="Rprof.out") self.time self.pct total.time total.pct "gcCount" 77.36 76.8 100.74 100.0 "==" 18.30 18.2 18.30 18.2 "strsplit" 3.58 3.6 3.64 3.6 "+" 1.14 1.1 1.14 1.1 ":" 0.30 0.3 0.30 0.3 "as.logical" 0.04 0.0 0.04 0.0 "as.character" 0.02 0.0 0.02 0.0 $by.total total.time total.pct self.time self.pct "gcCount" 100.74 100.0 77.36 76.8 "==" 18.30 18.2 18.30 18.2 "strsplit" 3.64 3.6 3.58 3.6 "+" 1.14 1.1 1.14 1.1 ":" 0.30 0.3 0.30 0.3 "as.logical" 0.04 0.0 0.04 0.0 "as.character" 0.02 0.0 0.02 0.0 $sampling.time [1] 100.74 Any advice for making this code faster?

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  • General String Encryption in .NET

    - by cryptospin
    I am looking for a general string encryption class in .NET. (Not to be confused with the 'SecureString' class.) I have started to come up with my own class, but thought there must be a .NET class that already allows you to encrypt/decrypt strings of any encoding with any Cryptographic Service Provider. Public Class SecureString Private key() As Byte Private iv() As Byte Private m_SecureString As String Public ReadOnly Property Encrypted() As String Get Return m_SecureString End Get End Property Public ReadOnly Property Decrypted() As String Get Return Decrypt(m_SecureString) End Get End Property Public Sub New(ByVal StringToSecure As String) If StringToSecure Is Nothing Then StringToSecure = "" m_SecureString = Encrypt(StringToSecure) End Sub Private Function Encrypt(ByVal StringToEncrypt As String) As String Dim result As String = "" Dim bytes() As Byte = Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(StringToEncrypt) Using provider As New AesCryptoServiceProvider() With provider .Mode = CipherMode.CBC .GenerateKey() .GenerateIV() key = .Key iv = .IV End With Using ms As New IO.MemoryStream Using cs As New CryptoStream(ms, provider.CreateEncryptor(), CryptoStreamMode.Write) cs.Write(bytes, 0, bytes.Length) cs.FlushFinalBlock() End Using result = Convert.ToBase64String(ms.ToArray()) End Using End Using Return result End Function Private Function Decrypt(ByVal StringToDecrypt As String) As String Dim result As String = "" Dim bytes() As Byte = Convert.FromBase64String(StringToDecrypt) Using provider As New AesCryptoServiceProvider() Using ms As New IO.MemoryStream Using cs As New CryptoStream(ms, provider.CreateDecryptor(key, iv), CryptoStreamMode.Write) cs.Write(bytes, 0, bytes.Length) cs.FlushFinalBlock() End Using result = Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetString(ms.ToArray()) End Using End Using Return result End Function End Class

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  • How do I interact with a Perl object that has a hash attribute?

    - by brydgesk
    I have a class with several variables, one of which is a hash (_runs): sub new { my ($class, $name) = @_; my $self = { _name => $name, ... _runs => (), _times => [], ... }; bless ($self, $class); return $self; } Now, all I'm trying to do is create an accessor/mutator, as well as another subroutine that pushes new data into the hash. But I'm having a hell of a time getting all the referencing/dereferencing/$self calls working together. I've about burned my eyes out with "Can't use string ("blah") as a HASH ref etc etc" errors. For the accessor, what is 'best practice' for returning hashes? Which one of these options should I be using (if any)?: return $self->{_runs}; return %{ $self->{_runs} }; return \$self->{_runs}; Further, when I'm using the hash within other subroutines in the class, what syntax do I use to copy it? my @runs = $self->{_runs}; my @runs = %{ $self->{_runs} }; my @runs = $%{ $self->{_runs} }; my @runs = $$self->{_runs}; Same goes for iterating over the keys: foreach my $dt (keys $self->{_runs}) foreach my $dt (keys %{ $self->{_runs} }) And how about actually adding the data? $self->{_runs}{$dt} = $duration; %{ $self->{_runs} }{$dt} = $duration; $$self->{_runs}{$dt} = $duration; You get the point. I've been reading articles about using classes, and articles about referencing and dereferencing, but I can't seem to get my brain to combine the knowledge and use both at the same time. I got my _times array working finally, but mimicking my array syntax over to hashes didn't work.

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  • Search a string in a file and write the matched lines to another file in Java

    - by Geeta
    For searching a string in a file and writing the lines with matched string to another file it takes 15 - 20 mins for a single zip file of 70MB(compressed state). Is there any ways to minimise it. my source code: getting Zip file entries zipFile = new ZipFile(source_file_name); entries = zipFile.entries(); while (entries.hasMoreElements()) { ZipEntry entry = (ZipEntry)entries.nextElement(); if (entry.isDirectory()) { continue; } searchString(Thread.currentThread(),entry.getName(), new BufferedInputStream (zipFile.getInputStream(entry)), Out_File, search_string, stats); } zipFile.close(); Searching String public void searchString(Thread CThread, String Source_File, BufferedInputStream in, File outfile, String search, String stats) throws IOException { int count = 0; int countw = 0; int countl = 0; String s; String[] str; BufferedReader br2 = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in)); System.out.println(CThread.currentThread()); while ((s = br2.readLine()) != null) { str = s.split(search); count = str.length - 1; countw += count; //word count if (s.contains(search)) { countl++; //line count WriteFile(CThread,s, outfile.toString(), search); } } br2.close(); in.close(); } -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- public void WriteFile(Thread CThread,String line, String out, String search) throws IOException { BufferedWriter bufferedWriter = null; System.out.println("writre thread"+CThread.currentThread()); bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(out, true)); bufferedWriter.write(line); bufferedWriter.newLine(); bufferedWriter.flush(); } Please help me. Its really taking 40 mins for 10 files using threads and 15 - 20 mins for a single file of 70MB after being compressed. Any ways to minimise the time.

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  • Show random string.

    - by zaid
    i am trying to display a random string each time a button is pressed from a set of strings defined in strings.xml . this is an example of the strings ID's <string name="q0"> <string name="q1"> <string name="q2"> <string name="q3"> <string name="q4"> java code for getting a random string. private static final Random rgenerator = null; int RandomQ = R.string.q0 (rgenerator.nextInt(5) + 1); String q = getString(RandomQ); if i try to use this java code i get an error at "q0" in R.string.q0 which is The method q0(int) is undefined for the type R.string if i try to use the quick fix and create a method, it works. but it wont let me save or run the app because it replaces my create method and shows this message R.java was modified manually! Reverting to generated version! thanks for reading.

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  • Help with Java Generics: Cannot use "Object" as argument for "? extends Object"

    - by AniDev
    Hello, I have the following code: import java.util.*; public class SellTransaction extends Transaction { private Map<String,? extends Object> origValueMap; public SellTransaction(Map<String,? extends Object> valueMap) { super(Transaction.Type.Sell); assignValues(valueMap); this.origValueMap=valueMap; } public SellTransaction[] splitTransaction(double splitAtQuantity) { Map<String,? extends Object> valueMapPart1=origValueMap; valueMapPart1.put(nameMappings[3],(Object)new Double(splitAtQuantity)); Map<String,? extends Object> valueMapPart2=origValueMap; valueMapPart2.put(nameMappings[3],((Double)origValueMap.get(nameMappings[3]))-splitAtQuantity); return new SellTransaction[] {new SellTransaction(valueMapPart1),new SellTransaction(valueMapPart2)}; } } The code fails to compile when I call valueMapPart1.put and valueMapPart2.put, with the error: The method put(String, capture#5-of ? extends Object) in the type Map is not applicable for the arguments (String, Object) I have read on the Internet about generics and wildcards and captures, but I still don't understand what is going wrong. My understanding is that the value of the Map's can be any class that extends Object, which I think might be redundant, because all classes extend Object. And I cannot change the generics to something like ? super Object, because the Map is supplied by some library. So why is this not compiling? Also, if I try to cast valueMap to Map<String,Object>, the compiler gives me that 'Unchecked conversion' warning. Thanks!

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  • How to mock a String using mockito?

    - by Alceu Costa
    I need to simulate a test scenario in which I call the getBytes() method of a String object and I get an UnsupportedEncodingException. I have tried to achieve that using the following code: String nonEncodedString = mock(String.class); when(nonEncodedString.getBytes(anyString())).thenThrow(new UnsupportedEncodingException("Parsing error.")); The problem is that when I run my test case I get a MockitoException that says that I can't mock a java.lang.String class. Is there a way to mock a String object using mockito or, alternatively, a way to make my String object throw an UnsupportedEncodingException when I call the getBytes method? Here are more details to illustrate the problem: This is the class that I want to test: public final class A{ public static String f(String str){ try{ return new String(str.getBytes("UTF-8")); } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) { // This is the catch block that I want to exercise. ... } } } This is my testing class (I'm using JUnit 4 and mockito): public class TestA { @Test(expected=UnsupportedEncodingException.class) public void test(){ String aString = mock(String.class); when(nonEncodedString.getBytes(anyString())).thenThrow(new UnsupportedEncodingException("Parsing error.")); A.f(aString); } }

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  • [nHibernate] casting string to bool using nHibernate Criteria

    - by code-zoop
    I have an nHibernate query using Criteria, and I am trying to cast a string to bool in the query itself. I have done the same with casting a string to int, and that works well (the "DataField" property is "1" as a string): var result = Session .CreateCriteria<Car>() .Add(Restrictions.Eq((Projections.Cast(NHibernateUtil.Int32, Projections.Property("DataField"), 1)) .List<Car>(); tx.Commit(); But I am trying to do the same with bool, but I do not get the expected result: var result = Session .CreateCriteria<Car>() .Add(Restrictions.Eq((Projections.Cast(NHibernateUtil.bool, Projections.Property("DataField"), true)) .List<Car>(); tx.Commit(); "DataField" is the string "True", but the result in an empty list, where it should contain 100 elements with the "DataField" property string set to "True". I have tried with the string "true", and "1", but the result is still an empty List. [EDIT] As Commented below, I could check for the string "True" or "False", but I would say this is a more general question than just for the Boolean. Note that the idea is to have some sort of key value representation of the data, where the value can be different data types. I need the value table to contain all data, so storing the data as string seems like the cleanest solution! I have been able to use the method above to store both int and double as string, and to the cast in the query, but I have not succeeded using the same method for DateDime and Boolean. And for DateTime it is crucial to have the actual DateTime object. How can I make the cast from string to bool, and string to DateTime work in the queries? Thanks

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  • Is it true that in most Object Oriented Programming Languages, an "i" in an instance method always r

    - by Jian Lin
    In the following code: <script type="text/javascript"> var i = 10; function Circle(radius) { this.r = radius; this.i = radius; } Circle.i = 123; Circle.prototype.area = function() { alert(i); } var c = new Circle(1); var a = c.area(); </script> What is being alerted? The answer is at the end of this question. I found that the i in the alert call either refers to any local (if any), or the global variable. There is no way that it can be the instance variable or the class variable even when there is no local and no global defined. To refer to the instance variable i, we need this.i, and to the class variable i, we need Circle.i. Is this actually true for almost all Object oriented programming languages? Any exception? Are there cases that when there is no local and no global, it will look up the instance variable and then the class variable scope? (or in this case, are those called scope?) the answer is: 10 is being alerted.

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  • Convert enumerated records to php object

    - by Matt H
    I have a table containing a bunch of records like this: +-----------+--------+----------+ | extension | fwd_to | type | +-----------+--------+----------+ | 800 | 11111 | noanswer | | 800 | 12345 | uncond | | 800 | 22222 | unavail | | 800 | 54321 | busy | | 801 | 123 | uncond | +-----------+--------+----------+ etc The query looks like this: select fwd_to, type from forwards where extension='800'; Now I get back an array containing objects which look like the following when printed with Kohana::debug: (object) stdClass Object ( [fwd_to] => 11111 [type] => noanswer ) (object) stdClass Object ( [fwd_to] => 12345 [type] => uncond ) (object) stdClass Object ( [fwd_to] => 22222 [type] => unavail ) (object) stdClass Object ( [fwd_to] => 54321 [type] => busy ) What I'd like to do is convert this to an object of this form: (object) stdClass Object ( [busy] => 54321 [uncond] => 12345 [unavail] => 22222 [noanswer] => 11111 ) The reason being I want to then call json_encode on it. This will allow me to use jquery populate to populate a form. Is there a suggested way I can do this nicely? I'm fairly new to PHP and I'm sure this is easy but it's eluding me at the moment.

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