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  • In Windows Vista and 7, I can't access the %DEFAULTUSERPROFILE% system variable - it shows as not fo

    - by shifuimam
    If I try to access this system variable from the Run... dialog, Windows tells me the directory doesn't exist. Some system variables, like %SYSTEMROOT% and %USERPROFILE%, do work. Consequently, if I try to use a supposedly nonexistent variable like %DEFAULTUSERPROFILE% or %PROFILESFOLDER% in C#, I get nothing in return. Is there something special I need to do to get access to these variables?

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  • How can I get a gnome environment in my VNC session?

    - by adante
    When I start VNC I have an empty desktop without the ability to manage windows or start apps etc). I'd like to have a desktop environment to be able to basic desktop things (someone asked me why I wanted this - I can't really say except that I would like my computer to be useful). My focus at the moment is basically having a working environment with as little time/effort expenditure as possible, as opposed to spending a full-time week learning the most trivial and arcane details of x, vnc, gnome or whatever passes for the current desktop architecture standard of the hour. What command or series of hoops do I have to jump to to achieve this? I have tried running gnome-session but it looks like it is attempting to run compiz and fails spectacularly. I've also tried running metacity but this simply gives me a titlebars to my windows (this is great! But I'd also like the taskbar and other stuff). I considered trying to start gnome-session in a way that it uses metacity instead of compiz. But I don't know how to do this. Tutorials on the net exist for changing to metacity - once you already have compiz running. Not so useful if compiz does not run.

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  • Developer Webinar Toay:"Publishing IPS PAckages"

    - by user13333379
    Oracle's Solaris Organization is pleased to announce a Technical Webinar for Developers on Oracle Solaris 11: "Publishing IPS Packages" By Eric Reid (Principal Software Engineer) today June 19, 2012 9:00 AM PDT This bi-weekly webinar series (every other Tuesday @ 9 a.m. PT) is designed for ISVs, IHVs, and Application Developers who want a deep-dive overview about how they can deploy Oracle Solaris 11 into their application environments. This series will provide you the unique opportunity to learn directly from Oracle Solaris ISV Engineers and will include LIVE Q&A via chat with subject matter experts from each topic area. Any OTN member can register for this free webinar here.  Today's webinar is a deep dive into IPS. The attendees of the initial IPS webinar asked for more information around this topic. Eric Reid who worked with leading software vendors (ISVs) to migrate Solaris 10 System V packages to IPS will share his experience with us. 

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  • Developer Webinar Today:"Publishing IPS Packages"

    - by user13333379
    Oracle's Solaris Organization is pleased to announce a Technical Webinar for Developers on Oracle Solaris 11: "Publishing IPS Packages" By Eric Reid (Principal Software Engineer) today June 19, 2012 9:00 AM PDT This bi-weekly webinar series (every other Tuesday @ 9 a.m. PT) is designed for ISVs, IHVs, and Application Developers who want a deep-dive overview about how they can deploy Oracle Solaris 11 into their application environments. This series will provide you the unique opportunity to learn directly from Oracle Solaris ISV Engineers and will include LIVE Q&A via chat with subject matter experts from each topic area. Any OTN member can register for this free webinar here.  Today's webinar is a deep dive into IPS. The attendees of the initial IPS webinar asked for more information around this topic. Eric Reid who worked with leading software vendors (ISVs) to migrate Solaris 10 System V packages to IPS will share his experience with us. 

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  • How does an NTP host switch among the various modes?

    - by James A. Rosen
    The NTPv3 RFC describes five operating modes: Symmetric Active (1): A host operating in this mode sends periodic messages regardless of the reachability state or stratum of its peer. By operating in this mode the host announces its willingness to synchronize and be synchronized by the peer. Symmetric Passive (2): This type of association is ordinarily created upon arrival of a message from a peer operating in the symmetric active mode and persists only as long as the peer is reachable and operating at a stratum level less than or equal to the host; otherwise, the association is dissolved. However, the association will always persist until at least one message has been sent in reply. By operating in this mode the host announces its willingness to synchronize and be synchronized by the peer. Client (3): A host operating in this mode sends periodic messages regardless of the reachability state or stratum of its peer. By operating in this mode the host, usually a LAN workstation, announces its willingness to be synchronized by, but not to synchronize the peer. Server (4): This type of association is ordinarily created upon arrival of a client request message and exists only in order to reply to that request, after which the association is dissolved. By operating in this mode the host, usually a LAN time server, announces its willingness to synchronize, but not to be synchronized by the peer. Broadcast (5): A host operating in this mode sends periodic messages regardless of the reachability state or stratum of the peers. By operating in this mode the host, usually a LAN time server operating on a high-speed broadcast medium, announces its willingness to synchronize all of the peers, but not to be synchronized by any of them. It seems to me, though, that any host except a leaf node would probably be in several modes. For example, I might have a local area network with three NTP servers, each in Symmetric Active (1) mode with respect to one another. They would also each be clients (3) of one of the many public stratum two time servers. Lastly, they would all server as servers (4) to the many local clients. Is the point that they're only in a given mode for a moment during the synchronization? If so, how does a host know to switch? I'm only looking for enough depth here to discuss the issue in an educated manner, not to write a custom time server.

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  • Introducing Oracle VM Server for SPARC

    - by Honglin Su
    As you are watching Oracle's Virtualization Strategy Webcast and exploring the great virtualization offerings of Oracle VM product line, I'd like to introduce Oracle VM Server for SPARC --  highly efficient, enterprise-class virtualization solution for Sun SPARC Enterprise Systems with Chip Multithreading (CMT) technology. Oracle VM Server for SPARC, previously called Sun Logical Domains, leverages the built-in SPARC hypervisor to subdivide supported platforms' resources (CPUs, memory, network, and storage) by creating partitions called logical (or virtual) domains. Each logical domain can run an independent operating system. Oracle VM Server for SPARC provides the flexibility to deploy multiple Oracle Solaris operating systems simultaneously on a single platform. Oracle VM Server also allows you to create up to 128 virtual servers on one system to take advantage of the massive thread scale offered by the CMT architecture. Oracle VM Server for SPARC integrates both the industry-leading CMT capability of the UltraSPARC T1, T2 and T2 Plus processors and the Oracle Solaris operating system. This combination helps to increase flexibility, isolate workload processing, and improve the potential for maximum server utilization. Oracle VM Server for SPARC delivers the following: Leading Price/Performance - The low-overhead architecture provides scalable performance under increasing workloads without additional license cost. This enables you to meet the most aggressive price/performance requirement Advanced RAS - Each logical domain is an entirely independent virtual machine with its own OS. It supports virtual disk mutipathing and failover as well as faster network failover with link-based IP multipathing (IPMP) support. Moreover, it's fully integrated with Solaris FMA (Fault Management Architecture), which enables predictive self healing. CPU Dynamic Resource Management (DRM) - Enable your resource management policy and domain workload to trigger the automatic addition and removal of CPUs. This ability helps you to better align with your IT and business priorities. Enhanced Domain Migrations - Perform domain migrations interactively and non-interactively to bring more flexibility to the management of your virtualized environment. Improve active domain migration performance by compressing memory transfers and taking advantage of cryptographic acceleration hardware. These methods provide faster migration for load balancing, power saving, and planned maintenance. Dynamic Crypto Control - Dynamically add and remove cryptographic units (aka MAU) to and from active domains. Also, migrate active domains that have cryptographic units. Physical-to-virtual (P2V) Conversion - Quickly convert an existing SPARC server running the Oracle Solaris 8, 9 or 10 OS into a virtualized Oracle Solaris 10 image. Use this image to facilitate OS migration into the virtualized environment. Virtual I/O Dynamic Reconfiguration (DR) - Add and remove virtual I/O services and devices without needing to reboot the system. CPU Power Management - Implement power saving by disabling each core on a Sun UltraSPARC T2 or T2 Plus processor that has all of its CPU threads idle. Advanced Network Configuration - Configure the following network features to obtain more flexible network configurations, higher performance, and scalability: Jumbo frames, VLANs, virtual switches for link aggregations, and network interface unit (NIU) hybrid I/O. Official Certification Based On Real-World Testing - Use Oracle VM Server for SPARC with the most sophisticated enterprise workloads under real-world conditions, including Oracle Real Application Clusters (RAC). Affordable, Full-Stack Enterprise Class Support - Obtain worldwide support from Oracle for the entire virtualization environment and workloads together. The support covers hardware, firmware, OS, virtualization, and the software stack. SPARC Server Virtualization Oracle offers a full portfolio of virtualization solutions to address your needs. SPARC is the leading platform to have the hard partitioning capability that provides the physical isolation needed to run independent operating systems. Many customers have already used Oracle Solaris Containers for application isolation. Oracle VM Server for SPARC provides another important feature with OS isolation. This gives you the flexibility to deploy multiple operating systems simultaneously on a single Sun SPARC T-Series server with finer granularity for computing resources.  For SPARC CMT processors, the natural level of granularity is an execution thread, not a time-sliced microsecond of execution resources. Each CPU thread can be treated as an independent virtual processor. The scheduler is naturally built into the CPU for lower overhead and higher performance. Your organizations can couple Oracle Solaris Containers and Oracle VM Server for SPARC with the breakthrough space and energy savings afforded by Sun SPARC Enterprise systems with CMT technology to deliver a more agile, responsive, and low-cost environment. Management with Oracle Enterprise Manager Ops Center The Oracle Enterprise Manager Ops Center Virtualization Management Pack provides full lifecycle management of virtual guests, including Oracle VM Server for SPARC and Oracle Solaris Containers. It helps you streamline operations and reduce downtime. Together, the Virtualization Management Pack and the Ops Center Provisioning and Patch Automation Pack provide an end-to-end management solution for physical and virtual systems through a single web-based console. This solution automates the lifecycle management of physical and virtual systems and is the most effective systems management solution for Oracle's Sun infrastructure. Ease of Deployment with Configuration Assistant The Oracle VM Server for SPARC Configuration Assistant can help you easily create logical domains. After gathering the configuration data, the Configuration Assistant determines the best way to create a deployment to suit your requirements. The Configuration Assistant is available as both a graphical user interface (GUI) and terminal-based tool. Oracle Solaris Cluster HA Support The Oracle Solaris Cluster HA for Oracle VM Server for SPARC data service provides a mechanism for orderly startup and shutdown, fault monitoring and automatic failover of the Oracle VM Server guest domain service. In addition, applications that run on a logical domain, as well as its resources and dependencies can be controlled and managed independently. These are managed as if they were running in a classical Solaris Cluster hardware node. Supported Systems Oracle VM Server for SPARC is supported on all Sun SPARC Enterprise Systems with CMT technology. UltraSPARC T2 Plus Systems ·   Sun SPARC Enterprise T5140 Server ·   Sun SPARC Enterprise T5240 Server ·   Sun SPARC Enterprise T5440 Server ·   Sun Netra T5440 Server ·   Sun Blade T6340 Server Module ·   Sun Netra T6340 Server Module UltraSPARC T2 Systems ·   Sun SPARC Enterprise T5120 Server ·   Sun SPARC Enterprise T5220 Server ·   Sun Netra T5220 Server ·   Sun Blade T6320 Server Module ·   Sun Netra CP3260 ATCA Blade Server Note that UltraSPARC T1 systems are supported on earlier versions of the software.Sun SPARC Enterprise Systems with CMT technology come with the right to use (RTU) of Oracle VM Server, and the software is pre-installed. If you have the systems under warranty or with support, you can download the software and system firmware as well as their updates. Oracle Premier Support for Systems provides fully-integrated support for your server hardware, firmware, OS, and virtualization software. Visit oracle.com/support for information about Oracle's support offerings for Sun systems. For more information about Oracle's virtualization offerings, visit oracle.com/virtualization.

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  • Interesting articles and blogs on SPARC T4

    - by mv
    Interesting articles and blogs on SPARC T4 processor   I have consolidated all the interesting information I could get on SPARC T4 processor and its hardware cryptographic capabilities.  Hope its useful. 1. Advantages of SPARC T4 processor  Most important points in this T4 announcement are : "The SPARC T4 processor was designed from the ground up for high speed security and has a cryptographic stream processing unit (SPU) integrated directly into each processor core. These accelerators support 16 industry standard security ciphers and enable high speed encryption at rates 3 to 5 times that of competing processors. By integrating encryption capabilities directly inside the instruction pipeline, the SPARC T4 processor eliminates the performance and cost barriers typically associated with secure computing and makes it possible to deliver high security levels without impacting the user experience." Data Sheet has more details on these  : "New on-chip Encryption Instruction Accelerators with direct non-privileged support for 16 industry-standard cryptographic algorithms plus random number generation in each of the eight cores: AES, Camellia, CRC32c, DES, 3DES, DH, DSA, ECC, Kasumi, MD5, RSA, SHA-1, SHA-224, SHA-256, SHA-384, SHA-512" I ran "isainfo -v" command on Solaris 11 Sparc T4-1 system. It shows the new instructions as expected  : $ isainfo -v 64-bit sparcv9 applications crc32c cbcond pause mont mpmul sha512 sha256 sha1 md5 camellia kasumi des aes ima hpc vis3 fmaf asi_blk_init vis2 vis popc 32-bit sparc applications crc32c cbcond pause mont mpmul sha512 sha256 sha1 md5 camellia kasumi des aes ima hpc vis3 fmaf asi_blk_init vis2 vis popc v8plus div32 mul32  2.  Dan Anderson's Blog have some interesting points about how these can be used : "New T4 crypto instructions include: aes_kexpand0, aes_kexpand1, aes_kexpand2,         aes_eround01, aes_eround23, aes_eround01_l, aes_eround_23_l, aes_dround01, aes_dround23, aes_dround01_l, aes_dround_23_l.       Having SPARC T4 hardware crypto instructions is all well and good, but how do we access it ?      The software is available with Solaris 11 and is used automatically if you are running Solaris a SPARC T4.  It is used internally in the kernel through kernel crypto modules.  It is available in user space through the PKCS#11 library." 3.   Dans' Blog on Where's the Crypto Libraries? Although this was written in 2009 but still is very useful  "Here's a brief tour of the major crypto libraries shown in the digraph:   The libpkcs11 library contains the PKCS#11 API (C_\*() functions, such as C_Initialize()). That in turn calls library pkcs11_softtoken or pkcs11_kernel, for userland or kernel crypto providers. The latter is used mostly for hardware-assisted cryptography (such as n2cp for Niagara2 SPARC processors), as that is performed more efficiently in kernel space with the "kCF" module (Kernel Crypto Framework). Additionally, for Solaris 10, strong crypto algorithms were split off in separate libraries, pkcs11_softtoken_extra libcryptoutil contains low-level utility functions to help implement cryptography. libsoftcrypto (OpenSolaris and Solaris Nevada only) implements several symmetric-key crypto algorithms in software, such as AES, RC4, and DES3, and the bignum library (used for RSA). libmd implements MD5, SHA, and SHA2 message digest algorithms" 4. Difference in T3 and T4 Diagram in this blog is good and self explanatory. Jeff's blog also highlights the differences  "The T4 servers have improved crypto acceleration, described at https://blogs.oracle.com/DanX/entry/sparc_t4_openssl_engine. It is "just built in" so administrators no longer have to assign crypto accelerator units to domains - it "just happens". Every physical or virtual CPU on a SPARC-T4 has full access to hardware based crypto acceleration at all times. .... For completeness sake, it's worth noting that the T4 adds more crypto algorithms, and accelerates Camelia, CRC32c, and more SHA-x." 5. About performance counters In this blog, performance counters are explained : "Note that unlike T3 and before, T4 crypto doesn't require kernel modules like ncp or n2cp, there is no visibility of crypto hardware with kstats or cryptoadm. T4 does provide hardware counters for crypto operations.  You can see these using cpustat: cpustat -c pic0=Instr_FGU_crypto 5 You can check the general crypto support of the hardware and OS with the command "isainfo -v". Since T4 crypto's implementation now allows direct userland access, there are no "crypto units" visible to cryptoadm.  " For more details refer Martin's blog as well. 6. How to turn off  SPARC T4 or Intel AES-NI crypto acceleration  I found this interesting blog from Darren about how to turn off  SPARC T4 or Intel AES-NI crypto acceleration. "One of the new Solaris 11 features of the linker/loader is the ability to have a single ELF object that has multiple different implementations of the same functions that are selected at runtime based on the capabilities of the machine.   The alternate to this is having the application coded to call getisax(2) system call and make the choice itself.  We use this functionality of the linker/loader when we build the userland libraries for the Solaris Cryptographic Framework (specifically libmd.so and libsoftcrypto.so) The Solaris linker/loader allows control of a lot of its functionality via environment variables, we can use that to control the version of the cryptographic functions we run.  To do this we simply export the LD_HWCAP environment variable with values that tell ld.so.1 to not select the HWCAP section matching certain features even if isainfo says they are present.  This will work for consumers of the Solaris Cryptographic Framework that use the Solaris PKCS#11 libraries or use libmd.so interfaces directly.  For SPARC T4 : export LD_HWCAP="-aes -des -md5 -sha256 -sha512 -mont -mpul" .. For Intel systems with AES-NI support: export LD_HWCAP="-aes"" Note that LD_HWCAP is explained in  http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E23823_01/html/816-5165/ld.so.1-1.html "LD_HWCAP, LD_HWCAP_32, and LD_HWCAP_64 -  Identifies an alternative hardware capabilities value... A “-” prefix results in the capabilities that follow being removed from the alternative capabilities." 7. Whitepaper on SPARC T4 Servers—Optimized for End-to-End Data Center Computing This Whitepaper on SPARC T4 Servers—Optimized for End-to-End Data Center Computing explains more details.  It has DTrace scripts which may come in handy : "To ensure the hardware-assisted cryptographic acceleration is configured to use and working with the security scenarios, it is recommended to use the following Solaris DTrace script. #!/usr/sbin/dtrace -s pid$1:libsoftcrypto:yf*:entry, pid$target:libsoftcrypto:rsa*:entry, pid$1:libmd:yf*:entry { @[probefunc] = count(); } tick-1sec { printa(@ops); trunc(@ops); }" Note that I have slightly modified the D Script to have RSA "libsoftcrypto:rsa*:entry" as well as per recommendations from Chi-Chang Lin. 8. References http://www.oracle.com/us/corporate/features/sparc-t4-announcement-494846.html http://www.oracle.com/us/products/servers-storage/servers/sparc-enterprise/t-series/sparc-t4-1-ds-487858.pdf https://blogs.oracle.com/DanX/entry/sparc_t4_openssl_engine https://blogs.oracle.com/DanX/entry/where_s_the_crypto_libraries https://blogs.oracle.com/darren/entry/howto_turn_off_sparc_t4 http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E23823_01/html/816-5165/ld.so.1-1.html   https://blogs.oracle.com/hardware/entry/unleash_the_power_of_cryptography https://blogs.oracle.com/cmt/entry/t4_crypto_cheat_sheet https://blogs.oracle.com/martinm/entry/t4_performance_counters_explained  https://blogs.oracle.com/jsavit/entry/no_mau_required_on_a http://www.oracle.com/us/products/servers-storage/servers/sparc-enterprise/t-series/sparc-t4-business-wp-524472.pdf

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  • What is the current "standard" for setting up a development environment that supports remote collaboration as well as secure version control?

    - by Andrew
    What is the current "standard" for setting up a development environment that supports remote collaboration as well as secure version control? Considering a virtual dedicated solution with vm for a web layer and a data layer, using VPN for each programmer. We're a small start-up that do both Microsoft and open-source development. Is there a set software tools or packages that are appropriate for a small shop and yet scalable? Thanks.

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  • How and why are operating systems bootable from a USB?

    - by user114638
    I'm told to install ubuntu on my laptop for work in order to learn shell scripting. I've read the best way is to install ubuntu on a USB stick and partition my HDD. I'm curious how an OS is bootable from a USB stick? Is it literally just a small interface that can be put anywhere? This reminds me of a time I downloaded a game onto my USB stick, when I brought it to my friends house he told me it will run slow if I don't install it and only run it from the usb, is this different from running ubuntu from a usb? Will ubuntu be slow?

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  • Why do operating systems do low level stuff in C and C++? Why not just C++?

    - by Cole Johnson
    On the Wikipedia page for Windows, it states the Windows is written in Assembly for the bootloader and task switcher, and C and C++ for kernel routines. This confuses me because AFAIK, you can call C++ functions from an extern "C"'d block as C++ is just C with extra features (all of which can be rewritten in C if you wanted to AFAIK). I can get using C for the kernel functions so pure C apps can use them (like printf and such), but if they can just be wrapped in an extern "C " block, then why code in C? So my question is: Why would a kernel be written in both C and C++ instead of just C++

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  • How to test issues in a local development environment that can only be introduced by clustering in production?

    - by Brian Reindel
    We recently clustered an application, and it came to light that because of how we're doing SSL offloading via the load balancer in production it didn't work right. I had to mimic this functionality on my local machine by SSL offloading Apache with a proxy, but it still isn't a 1-to-1 comparison. Similar issues can arise when dealing with stateful applications and sticky sessions. What would be the industry standard for testing this kind of production "black box" scenario in a local environment, especially as it relates to clustering?

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  • How do display a "mucus spreading" effect in a 2D environment?

    - by nathan
    Here is an example of such a mucus spreading. The substance is spread around the source (in this example, the source would be the main alien building). The game is starcraft, the purple substance is called creep. How this kind of substance spreading would be achieved in a top down 2D environment? Recalculating the substance progression and regenerate the effect on the fly each frame or rather use a large collection of tiles or something else?

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  • How do produce a "mucus spreading" effect in a 2D environment?

    - by nathan
    Here is an example of such a mucus spreading. The substance is spread around the source (in this example, the source would be the main alien building). The game is starcraft, the purple substance is called creep. How this kind of substance spreading would be achieved in a top down 2D environment? Recalculating the substance progression and regenerate the effect on the fly each frame or rather use a large collection of tiles or something else?

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  • Linux is not an operating system, or is it?

    <b>Technology & Life Integration:</b> "There is a word in the English language (which I hope I am using) called context. In other words, I use the word Linux in the context of a complete Linux based distribution and believe that my readers understand that context."

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  • Is it a good idea to make a native Android app, or is the environment too much hassle? [closed]

    - by desbest
    I've constantly been hearing bad things about the native development environment for Android, and that it should be avoided at all costs. Also it would require that I learn java and use Eclipse IDE. My concerns are mainly about how easy (or difficult) it is to code with the APIs. Is it good to make native Android apps without cross platform tools Phonegap/Titanium/Rhodes, or is it too much trouble than it's worth?

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  • How do I reference the value of a constructed environment variable in a loop?

    - by Rob Spieldenner
    What I'm trying to do is loop over environment variables. I have a number of installs that change and each install has 3 IPs to push files to and run scripts on, and I want to automate this as much as possible (so that I only have to modify a file that I'll source with the environment variables). The following is a simplified version that once I figure out I can solve my problem. So given in my.props: COUNT=2 A_0=foo B_0=bar A_1=fizz B_1=buzz I want to fill in the for loop in the following script #!/bin/bash . <path>/my.props for ((i=0; i < COUNT; i++)) do <script here> done So that I can get the values from the environment variables. Like the following(but that actually work): echo $A_$i $B_$i or A=A_$i B=B_$i echo $A $B returns foo bar then fizz buzz

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  • how can I pass an environment variable through an ssh command?

    - by Ross Rogers
    How can I pass a value into an ssh command, such that the environment that is started on the host machine starts with a certain environment variable set to my choosing? EDIT: The goal is to pass the current kde desktop ( from dcop kwin KWinInterface currentDesktop ) to the new shell created so that I can pass back an nfs locations to my JEdit instance on the original server which is unique for each KDE desktop. ( Using a mechanism like emacsserver/emacsclient) The reason multiples ssh instances can be in flight at one time is because when I'm setting up my environment, I'm opening a bunch of different ssh instances to different machines.

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  • SQL SERVER – Guest Posts – Feodor Georgiev – The Context of Our Database Environment – Going Beyond the Internal SQL Server Waits – Wait Type – Day 21 of 28

    - by pinaldave
    This guest post is submitted by Feodor. Feodor Georgiev is a SQL Server database specialist with extensive experience of thinking both within and outside the box. He has wide experience of different systems and solutions in the fields of architecture, scalability, performance, etc. Feodor has experience with SQL Server 2000 and later versions, and is certified in SQL Server 2008. In this article Feodor explains the server-client-server process, and concentrated on the mutual waits between client and SQL Server. This is essential in grasping the concept of waits in a ‘global’ application plan. Recently I was asked to write a blog post about the wait statistics in SQL Server and since I had been thinking about writing it for quite some time now, here it is. It is a wide-spread idea that the wait statistics in SQL Server will tell you everything about your performance. Well, almost. Or should I say – barely. The reason for this is that SQL Server is always a part of a bigger system – there are always other players in the game: whether it is a client application, web service, any other kind of data import/export process and so on. In short, the SQL Server surroundings look like this: This means that SQL Server, aside from its internal waits, also depends on external waits and settings. As we can see in the picture above, SQL Server needs to have an interface in order to communicate with the surrounding clients over the network. For this communication, SQL Server uses protocol interfaces. I will not go into detail about which protocols are best, but you can read this article. Also, review the information about the TDS (Tabular data stream). As we all know, our system is only as fast as its slowest component. This means that when we look at our environment as a whole, the SQL Server might be a victim of external pressure, no matter how well we have tuned our database server performance. Let’s dive into an example: let’s say that we have a web server, hosting a web application which is using data from our SQL Server, hosted on another server. The network card of the web server for some reason is malfunctioning (think of a hardware failure, driver failure, or just improper setup) and does not send/receive data faster than 10Mbs. On the other end, our SQL Server will not be able to send/receive data at a faster rate either. This means that the application users will notify the support team and will say: “My data is coming very slow.” Now, let’s move on to a bit more exciting example: imagine that there is a similar setup as the example above – one web server and one database server, and the application is not using any stored procedure calls, but instead for every user request the application is sending 80kb query over the network to the SQL Server. (I really thought this does not happen in real life until I saw it one day.) So, what happens in this case? To make things worse, let’s say that the 80kb query text is submitted from the application to the SQL Server at least 100 times per minute, and as often as 300 times per minute in peak times. Here is what happens: in order for this query to reach the SQL Server, it will have to be broken into a of number network packets (according to the packet size settings) – and will travel over the network. On the other side, our SQL Server network card will receive the packets, will pass them to our network layer, the packets will get assembled, and eventually SQL Server will start processing the query – parsing, allegorizing, generating the query execution plan and so on. So far, we have already had a serious network overhead by waiting for the packets to reach our Database Engine. There will certainly be some processing overhead – until the database engine deals with the 80kb query and its 20 subqueries. The waits you see in the DMVs are actually collected from the point the query reaches the SQL Server and the packets are assembled. Let’s say that our query is processed and it finally returns 15000 rows. These rows have a certain size as well, depending on the data types returned. This means that the data will have converted to packages (depending on the network size package settings) and will have to reach the application server. There will also be waits, however, this time you will be able to see a wait type in the DMVs called ASYNC_NETWORK_IO. What this wait type indicates is that the client is not consuming the data fast enough and the network buffers are filling up. Recently Pinal Dave posted a blog on Client Statistics. What Client Statistics does is captures the physical flow characteristics of the query between the client(Management Studio, in this case) and the server and back to the client. As you see in the image, there are three categories: Query Profile Statistics, Network Statistics and Time Statistics. Number of server roundtrips–a roundtrip consists of a request sent to the server and a reply from the server to the client. For example, if your query has three select statements, and they are separated by ‘GO’ command, then there will be three different roundtrips. TDS Packets sent from the client – TDS (tabular data stream) is the language which SQL Server speaks, and in order for applications to communicate with SQL Server, they need to pack the requests in TDS packets. TDS Packets sent from the client is the number of packets sent from the client; in case the request is large, then it may need more buffers, and eventually might even need more server roundtrips. TDS packets received from server –is the TDS packets sent by the server to the client during the query execution. Bytes sent from client – is the volume of the data set to our SQL Server, measured in bytes; i.e. how big of a query we have sent to the SQL Server. This is why it is best to use stored procedures, since the reusable code (which already exists as an object in the SQL Server) will only be called as a name of procedure + parameters, and this will minimize the network pressure. Bytes received from server – is the amount of data the SQL Server has sent to the client, measured in bytes. Depending on the number of rows and the datatypes involved, this number will vary. But still, think about the network load when you request data from SQL Server. Client processing time – is the amount of time spent in milliseconds between the first received response packet and the last received response packet by the client. Wait time on server replies – is the time in milliseconds between the last request packet which left the client and the first response packet which came back from the server to the client. Total execution time – is the sum of client processing time and wait time on server replies (the SQL Server internal processing time) Here is an illustration of the Client-server communication model which should help you understand the mutual waits in a client-server environment. Keep in mind that a query with a large ‘wait time on server replies’ means the server took a long time to produce the very first row. This is usual on queries that have operators that need the entire sub-query to evaluate before they proceed (for example, sort and top operators). However, a query with a very short ‘wait time on server replies’ means that the query was able to return the first row fast. However a long ‘client processing time’ does not necessarily imply the client spent a lot of time processing and the server was blocked waiting on the client. It can simply mean that the server continued to return rows from the result and this is how long it took until the very last row was returned. The bottom line is that developers and DBAs should work together and think carefully of the resource utilization in the client-server environment. From experience I can say that so far I have seen only cases when the application developers and the Database developers are on their own and do not ask questions about the other party’s world. I would recommend using the Client Statistics tool during new development to track the performance of the queries, and also to find a synchronous way of utilizing resources between the client – server – client. Here is another example: think about similar setup as above, but add another server to the game. Let’s say that we keep our media on a separate server, and together with the data from our SQL Server we need to display some images on the webpage requested by our user. No matter how simple or complicated the logic to get the images is, if the images are 500kb each our users will get the page slowly and they will still think that there is something wrong with our data. Anyway, I don’t mean to get carried away too far from SQL Server. Instead, what I would like to say is that DBAs should also be aware of ‘the big picture’. I wrote a blog post a while back on this topic, and if you are interested, you can read it here about the big picture. And finally, here are some guidelines for monitoring the network performance and improving it: Run a trace and outline all queries that return more than 1000 rows (in Profiler you can actually filter and sort the captured trace by number of returned rows). This is not a set number; it is more of a guideline. The general thought is that no application user can consume that many rows at once. Ask yourself and your fellow-developers: ‘why?’. Monitor your network counters in Perfmon: Network Interface:Output queue length, Redirector:Network errors/sec, TCPv4: Segments retransmitted/sec and so on. Make sure to establish a good friendship with your network administrator (buy them coffee, for example J ) and get into a conversation about the network settings. Have them explain to you how the network cards are setup – are they standalone, are they ‘teamed’, what are the settings – full duplex and so on. Find some time to read a bit about networking. In this short blog post I hope I have turned your attention to ‘the big picture’ and the fact that there are other factors affecting our SQL Server, aside from its internal workings. As a further reading I would still highly recommend the Wait Stats series on this blog, also I would recommend you have the coffee break conversation with your network admin as soon as possible. This guest post is written by Feodor Georgiev. Read all the post in the Wait Types and Queue series. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: Pinal Dave, PostADay, Readers Contribution, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, SQL Wait Stats, SQL Wait Types, T SQL

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  • links for 2010-06-02

    - by Bob Rhubart
    @eelzinga: Oracle Service Bus 11g communication with Oracle SOA Suite 11g, DirectBindings, part1 Oracle ACE Erikc Elzinga launches a series of post in which he will describe how to develop various  Oracle Service Bus 11g to Oracle SOA Suite  process flows. (tags: oracle otn oracleace soa servicebus) @Atul_Kumar: Integrate UCM (ECM/Content Server) with Microsoft Active Directory as LDAP Provider Atul Kumar's step-by-step instructions. (tags: oracle otn enterprise2.0 ucm ecm ldap) Stefan Hinker: Is my application a good fit for CMT? "The first and most important criterion for suitability is always the service time of your application," says Stefan Hinker.  "If this is sufficient, then the application is OK on CMT. If it is not, and the reason is actually the CPU and not some other high-latency component (like a remote database), you will need to test on other CPU architectures." (tags: oracle sun cpu cmt sparc solaris) @deltalounge: Definitions of Services and Processes Peter Paul shares a collection of useful definitions gathered from the works of many of the big thinkers in the SOA space.  (tags: oracle otn soa businessprocess) OTN TechCast: Oracle Solaris Virtualization - Oracle Solaris Video Joost Pronk, CTO for Oracle Solaris Product Management, provides an overview of the robust virtualization functionality built into the Oracle Solaris OS. (tags: oracle otn solaris virtualization)

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  • Az Oracle üzleti intelligencia csomag Windows Server 2008-on is, a kliens Vista op.rsz-en is

    - by Fekete Zoltán
    Tegnap az Oracle BI Hands On rendezvényen felmerült a kérdés, hogy az Oracle Business Intelligence Enterprise Editon fut-e Windows Server 2008-on. A válasz: IGEN. Az Oracle BI EE fut a Windows Server 2008-on. Emellett a másik kérdésre a válasz: IGEN, a kliens lehet Windows Vista is. Mivel az Oracle BI szerver szoftver, amit egy böngészovel érnek el a felhasználók elemzési, lekérdezés/jelentés/riport- készítési feladatok elvégzésére, ezért az Oracle BI csak szerver operációs rendszerekre van bevizsgálva: Linux, Solaris, HP-UX, AIX és Windows platformokon. A jelenleg támogatott operációs rendszerek: Microsoft Windows 2000/2003 Server; Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Enterprise Edition x86 32 bit2 - Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 4.x; Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server/Advanced Platform 5 - Novell SUSE 9.x - Oracle Enterprise Linux 4; Oracle Enterprise Linux 5 - Sun Solaris 9 SPARC 32 bit ; Sun Solaris 9 SPARC 64 bit; Sun Solaris 10 SPARC 32 bit; Sun Solaris 10 SPARC 64 bit - AIX 5.2 PowerPC 32 bit; AIX 5.2 PowerPC 64 bit; AIX 5.3 PowerPC 32 bit; AIX 5.3 PowerPC 64 bit; AIX 6.1 PowerPC 32 bit; AIX 6.1 PowerPC 64 bit - HP-UX 11.11 PA-RISC 64 bit; HP-UX 11.23 PA-RISC 64 bit; HP-UX 11.23 Itanium 64 bit; HP-UX 11.31 Itanium 64 bit A böngészos hozzáférést az irányítópultokhoz (dashboard), interaktív elemzo munkához használható operációs rendszerek: Windows, Vista, Linux, Solaris, Apple Mac OS 10.x.

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  • Happy Birthday, SPARC!

    - by A&C Redaktion
    25 Jahre gibt es SPARC in diesem Herbst – da gratulieren Oracle A&C und alle Partner natürlich ganz herzlich! Wir blicken zurück auf ein Vierteljahrhundert Erfolgsgeschichte:Wir befinden uns im Jahr 1987 und klobige graue PCs halten seit einigen Jahren Einzug in Büros und Privathäuser. Ein innovatives Startup-Unternehmen namens Sun Microsystems präsentiert seinen neuen Computer Sun-4, die eigentliche Sensation jedoch ist der Mikroprozessor, den die jungen Leute extra dafür entwickelt hatten: SPARC. Es handelte sich um einen extrem leistungsfähigen RISC-Hauptprozessor, der sowohl in den eigenen Workstations als auch den Servern der Sun-4-Baureihe zum Einsatz kommt. Vor allem in der Unternehmens-IT ermöglicht SPARC in den Folgejahren einen enormen Sprung nach vorn.Die weitere Entwicklung von SPARC, kombiniert mit einem Überblick über andere Meilensteine in der Geschichte der Computerwelt, finden Sie auf der Webseite "Celebrate 25 Years of SPARC Innovation".Wir springen gleich weiter in die Gegenwart, denn auch seit Sun zu Oracle gehört, hat sich so manches getan: Gerade erst hat Oracle die neue Server-Linie Sparc T4 vorgestellt – in Fachkreisen spricht man bereits von der größten Leistungssteigerung in der Geschichte der SPARC-Prozessoren.In den USA wurde das Jubiläum bereits kräftig gefeiert: Hier finden Sie Bilder vom Geburtstagsfest im Museum für Computer-Geschichte in Mountain View, Kalifornien, bei dem auch die SPARC-Entwickler Bill Joy and Andreas von Bechtolsheim zugegen waren und auch im Video SPARC-Event Highlights dreht sich alles um das Jubiläum. In der Oracle Familie gibt es 2012 noch ein weiteres Geburtstagskind: Solaris wird 20, herzlichen Glückwunsch! Das Unix-Betriebssystem, basierend auf SunOS, kam im Jahr 1992 erstmals auf den Markt. Solaris konnte seine gute Stellung seither behaupten und hat nun mit Solaris 11.1 das erste Cloud-Betriebssystem vorgestellt. Dieses überträgt die Zuverlässigkeit, Sicherheit und Skalierbarkeit des bewährten Solaris in die Cloud und bietet eine optimale Plattform für Unternehmensanwendungen.  Lesen Sie hier, was die Fachpresse über die Geburtstagskinder schreibt: ProLinux.de (SPARC) Computerwoche.de (Solaris)SearchDataCenter.de (Solaris)

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  • Happy Birthday, SPARC!

    - by A&C Redaktion
    25 Jahre gibt es SPARC in diesem Herbst – da gratulieren Oracle A&C und alle Partner natürlich ganz herzlich! Wir blicken zurück auf ein Vierteljahrhundert Erfolgsgeschichte:Wir befinden uns im Jahr 1987 und klobige graue PCs halten seit einigen Jahren Einzug in Büros und Privathäuser. Ein innovatives Startup-Unternehmen namens Sun Microsystems präsentiert seinen neuen Computer Sun-4, die eigentliche Sensation jedoch ist der Mikroprozessor, den die jungen Leute extra dafür entwickelt hatten: SPARC. Es handelte sich um einen extrem leistungsfähigen RISC-Hauptprozessor, der sowohl in den eigenen Workstations als auch den Servern der Sun-4-Baureihe zum Einsatz kommt. Vor allem in der Unternehmens-IT ermöglicht SPARC in den Folgejahren einen enormen Sprung nach vorn.Die weitere Entwicklung von SPARC, kombiniert mit einem Überblick über andere Meilensteine in der Geschichte der Computerwelt, finden Sie auf der Webseite "Celebrate 25 Years of SPARC Innovation".Wir springen gleich weiter in die Gegenwart, denn auch seit Sun zu Oracle gehört, hat sich so manches getan: Gerade erst hat Oracle die neue Server-Linie Sparc T4 vorgestellt – in Fachkreisen spricht man bereits von der größten Leistungssteigerung in der Geschichte der SPARC-Prozessoren.In den USA wurde das Jubiläum bereits kräftig gefeiert: Hier finden Sie Bilder vom Geburtstagsfest im Museum für Computer-Geschichte in Mountain View, Kalifornien, bei dem auch die SPARC-Entwickler Bill Joy and Andreas von Bechtolsheim zugegen waren und auch im Video SPARC-Event Highlights dreht sich alles um das Jubiläum. In der Oracle Familie gibt es 2012 noch ein weiteres Geburtstagskind: Solaris wird 20, herzlichen Glückwunsch! Das Unix-Betriebssystem, basierend auf SunOS, kam im Jahr 1992 erstmals auf den Markt. Solaris konnte seine gute Stellung seither behaupten und hat nun mit Solaris 11.1 das erste Cloud-Betriebssystem vorgestellt. Dieses überträgt die Zuverlässigkeit, Sicherheit und Skalierbarkeit des bewährten Solaris in die Cloud und bietet eine optimale Plattform für Unternehmensanwendungen.  Lesen Sie hier, was die Fachpresse über die Geburtstagskinder schreibt: ProLinux.de (SPARC) Computerwoche.de (Solaris)SearchDataCenter.de (Solaris)

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  • Oracle SPARC SuperCluster and US DoD Security guidelines

    - by user12611852
    I've worked in the past to help our government customers understand how best to secure Solaris.  For my customer base that means complying with Security Technical Implementation Guides (STIGs) from the Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA).  I recently worked with a team to apply both the Solaris and Oracle 11gR2 database STIGs to a SPARC SuperCluster.  The results have been published in an Oracle White paper. The SPARC SuperCluster is a highly available, high performance platform that incorporates: SPARC T4-4 servers Exadata Storage Servers and software ZFS Storage appliance InfiniBand interconnect Flash Cache  Oracle Solaris 11 Oracle VM for SPARC Oracle Database 11gR2 It is targeted towards large, mission critical database, middleware and general purpose workloads.  Using the Oracle Solution Center we configured a SSC applied DoD security guidance and confirmed functionality and performance of the system.  The white paper reviews our findings and includes a number of security recommendations.  In addition, customers can contact me for the itemized spreadsheets with our detailed STIG reports. Some notes: There is no DISA STIG  documentation for Solaris 11.  Oracle is working to help DISA create one using their new process. As a result, our report follows the Solaris 10 STIG document and applies it to Solaris 11 where applicable. In my conversations over the years with DISA Field Security Office they have repeatedly told me, "The absence of a DISA written STIG should not prevent a product from being used.  Customer may apply vendor or industry security recommendations to receive accreditation." Thanks to the core team: Kevin Rohan, Gary Jensen and Rich Qualls as well as the staff of the Oracle Solution Center and Glenn Brunette for their help in creating the document.

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