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  • juju: How do I list all the relation variables and debug them interactively?

    - by mfisch
    I'm writing a charm that requires a mysql database, I found from looking at other charms that this (below) is how I get the info about the database: user=`relation-get user` password=`relation-get password` mysqlhost=`relation-get private-address` But I just found that from reading the wordpress charm example, is there a way to show all the relation variables that I can use? Also, while debugging my db-relation-changed script, I wanted to ssh into my host and interactively run those commands, for example relation-get user, but it didn't work. I resorted to having to restart everything and use juju log to print them out. This wasted a lot of time. Is there a way to print out these relations, either from my dev box or from the instance running my charm? (Below is what happens when I tried to interactively run relation-get): ubuntu@mfisch-local-tracks-0:~$ relation-get user usage: relation-get [-h] [-o OUTPUT] [-s SOCKET] [--client-id CLIENT_ID] [--format FORMAT] [--log-file FILE] [--log-level CRITICAL|DEBUG|INFO|ERROR|WARNING] [-r RELATION ID] [settings_name] [unit_name] No JUJU_AGENT_SOCKET/-s option found

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  • Why is the event object different coming from jquery bind vs. addEventListener

    - by yodaisgreen
    Why is it when I use the jQuery bind the event object I get back is different from the event object I get back using addEventListener? The event object resulting from this jQuery bind does not have the targetTouches array (among other things) but the event from the addEventListener does. Is it me or is something not right here? $(document).ready (function () { $("#test").bind("touchmove", function (event) { console.log(event.targetTouches[0].pageX); // targetTouches is undefined }); }); vs. $(document).ready (function () { var foo = document.querySelectorAll('#test') foo[0].addEventListener('touchmove', function (event) { console.log(event.targetTouches[0].pageX); // returns the correct values }, false); });

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  • Is it possible to use template and value at the same time on data-bind?

    - by Anonymous
    I have two sections of code. Code #1: <select data-bind="options: operatingSystems, optionsText: function (item) { return item.Name }, value: selectedOperatingSystem"></select> Code #2: <script type="text/html" id="os-template-detail"> <option data-bind="text: Name" class="body-text"></option> </script> <select data-bind="value: selectedOperatingSystem, template: { name: 'os-template-detail', foreach: operatingSystems }"></select> Both shows data from json correctly. With code #1, it updates the value when I select an item on the list while code #2 does not update anything when I change the item. I am pretty new to Knockout.js and have no idea why Code #2 doesn't work. Is it the limitation of Knockout that preventing me from using template and value at the same time?

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  • SQL Developer Debugging, Watches, Smart Data, & Data

    - by thatjeffsmith
    After presenting the SQL Developer PL/SQL debugger for about an hour yesterday at KScope12 in San Antonio, my boss came up and asked, “Now, would you really want to know what the Smart Data panel does?” Apparently I had ‘made up’ my own story about what that panel’s intent is based on my experience with it. Not good Jeff, not good. It was a very small point of my presentation, but I probably should have read the docs. The Smart Data tab displays information about variables, using your Debugger: Smart Data preferences. You can also specify these preferences by right-clicking in the Smart Data window and selecting Preferences. Debugger Smart Data Preferences, control number of variables to display The Smart Data panel auto-inspects the last X accessed variables. So if you have a program with 26 variables, instead of showing you all 26, it will just show you the last two variables that were referenced in your program. If you were to click on the ‘Data’ debug panel, you’ll see EVERYTHING. And if you only want to see a very specific set of values, then you should use Watches. The Smart Data Panel As I step through the code, the variables being tracked change as they are referenced. Only the most recent ones display. This is controlled by the ‘Maximum Locations to Remember’ preference. Step through the code, see the latest variables accessed The Data Panel All variables are displayed. Might be information overload on large PL/SQL programs where you have many dozens or even hundreds of variables to track. Shows everything all the time Watches Watches are added manually and only show what you ask for. Data on Demand – add a watch to track a specific variable Remember, you can interact with your data If you want to do more than just watch, you can mouse-right on a data element, and change the value of the variable as the program is running. This is one of the primary benefits to debugging over using DBMS_OUTPUT to track what’s happening in your program. Change the values while the program is running to test your ‘What if?’ scenarios

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  • MVC data binding

    - by user441521
    I'm using MVC but I've read that MVVM is sort of about data binding and having pure markup in your views that data bind back to the backend via the data-* attributes. I've looked at knockout but it looks pretty low level and I feel like I can make a library that does this and is much easier to use where basically you only need to call 1 javascript function that will data bind your entire page because of the data-* attributes you assign to html elements. The benefits of this (that I see) is that your view is 100% decoupled from your back-end so that a given view never has to be changed if your back-end changes (ie for asp.net people no more razor in your view that makes your view specific to MS). My question would be, I know there is knockout out there but are there any others that provide this data binding functionality for MVC type applications? I don't want to recreate something that may already exist but I want to make something "better" and easier to use than knockout. To give an example of what I mean here is all the code one would need to get data binding in my library. This isn't final but just showing the idea that all you have to do is call 1 javascript function and set some data-* attribute values and everything ties together. Is this worth seeing through? <script> $(function () { // this is all you have to call to make databinding for POST or GET to work DataBind(); }); </script> <form id="addCustomer" data-bind="Customer" data-controller="Home" data-action="CreateCustomer"> Name: <input type="text" data-bind="Name" data-bind-type="text" /> Birthday: <input type="text" data-bind="Birthday" data-bind-type="text" /> Address: <input type="text" data-bind="Address" data-bind-type="text" /> <input type="submit" value="Save" id="btnSave" /> </form> ================================================= // controller action [HttpPost] public string CreateCustomer(Customer customer) { if(customer.Name == "Rick") return "success"; return "failure"; } // model public class Customer { public string Name { get; set; } public DateTime Birthday { get; set; } public string Address { get; set; } }

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  • Nginx will not start

    - by user2426362
    I'm trying to run service nginx restart but I get this error: root@user /etc/nginx/sites-enabled # service nginx restart Restarting nginx: nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use) nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use) nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use) nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use) nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use) nginx: [emerg] still could not bind() nginx. How can I fix this problem? I'm also running apache.

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  • UnmarshalException: unexpected element

    - by Tom Brito
    I'm working with JAXB, and I'm having trouble to unmarshall a file; The following lines, on the beginning of the file, are causing trouble: <!DOCTYPE package PUBLIC "+//ISBN 0-9673008-1-9//DTD OEB 1.2 Package//EN" "http://openebook.org/dtds/oeb-1.2/oebpkg12.dtd"> <package xmlns="http://openebook.org/namespaces/oeb-package/1.0/" unique-identifier="uid"> If I delete all the !DOCTYPE it gives no Exception, but it doesn't load any value either. The program (with the !DOCKTYPE) is throwing the exeption: javax.xml.bind.UnmarshalException: unexpected element (uri:"http://openebook.org/namespaces/oeb-package/1.0/", local:"package"). Expected elements are <{}dc-metadata>,<{}dc:Contributor>,<{}dc:Coverage>,<{}dc:Creator>,<{}dc:Date>,<{}dc:Description>,<{}dc:Format>,<{}dc:Identifier>,<{}dc:Language>,<{}dc:Publisher>,<{}dc:Relation>,<{}dc:Rights>,<{}dc:Source>,<{}dc:Subject>,<{}dc:Title>,<{}dc:Type>,<{}guide>,<{}item>,<{}itemref>,<{}manifest>,<{}meta>,<{}metadata>,<{}package>,<{}reference>,<{}site>,<{}spine>,<{}tour>,<{}tours>,<{}x-metadata> at com.sun.xml.internal.bind.v2.runtime.unmarshaller.UnmarshallingContext.handleEvent(UnmarshallingContext.java:631) at com.sun.xml.internal.bind.v2.runtime.unmarshaller.Loader.reportError(Loader.java:236) at com.sun.xml.internal.bind.v2.runtime.unmarshaller.Loader.reportError(Loader.java:231) at com.sun.xml.internal.bind.v2.runtime.unmarshaller.Loader.reportUnexpectedChildElement(Loader.java:105) at com.sun.xml.internal.bind.v2.runtime.unmarshaller.UnmarshallingContext$DefaultRootLoader.childElement(UnmarshallingContext.java:1038) at com.sun.xml.internal.bind.v2.runtime.unmarshaller.UnmarshallingContext._startElement(UnmarshallingContext.java:467) at com.sun.xml.internal.bind.v2.runtime.unmarshaller.UnmarshallingContext.startElement(UnmarshallingContext.java:448) at com.sun.xml.internal.bind.v2.runtime.unmarshaller.SAXConnector.startElement(SAXConnector.java:137) at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.AbstractSAXParser.startElement(AbstractSAXParser.java:501) at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.dtd.XMLDTDValidator.startElement(XMLDTDValidator.java:767) at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLNSDocumentScannerImpl.scanStartElement(XMLNSDocumentScannerImpl.java:400) at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLNSDocumentScannerImpl$NSContentDriver.scanRootElementHook(XMLNSDocumentScannerImpl.java:626) at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl$FragmentContentDriver.next(XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.java:3103) at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentScannerImpl$PrologDriver.next(XMLDocumentScannerImpl.java:922) at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentScannerImpl.next(XMLDocumentScannerImpl.java:648) at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLNSDocumentScannerImpl.next(XMLNSDocumentScannerImpl.java:140) at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.scanDocument(XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.java:511) at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(XML11Configuration.java:808) at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(XML11Configuration.java:737) at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XMLParser.parse(XMLParser.java:119) at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.AbstractSAXParser.parse(AbstractSAXParser.java:1205) at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.jaxp.SAXParserImpl$JAXPSAXParser.parse(SAXParserImpl.java:522) at com.sun.xml.internal.bind.v2.runtime.unmarshaller.UnmarshallerImpl.unmarshal0(UnmarshallerImpl.java:200) at com.sun.xml.internal.bind.v2.runtime.unmarshaller.UnmarshallerImpl.unmarshal(UnmarshallerImpl.java:173) at javax.xml.bind.helpers.AbstractUnmarshallerImpl.unmarshal(AbstractUnmarshallerImpl.java:137) at javax.xml.bind.helpers.AbstractUnmarshallerImpl.unmarshal(AbstractUnmarshallerImpl.java:142) at javax.xml.bind.helpers.AbstractUnmarshallerImpl.unmarshal(AbstractUnmarshallerImpl.java:151) at javax.xml.bind.helpers.AbstractUnmarshallerImpl.unmarshal(AbstractUnmarshallerImpl.java:169) at br.usp.lsi.pdtb.protector.view.ProtectorView.showBookData(ProtectorView.java:55) at br.usp.lsi.pdtb.protector.ProtectorImpl.openBook(ProtectorImpl.java:43) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) at tomPack.swing.TomAction.actionPerformed(TomAction.java:115) at javax.swing.AbstractButton.fireActionPerformed(AbstractButton.java:1995) at javax.swing.AbstractButton$Handler.actionPerformed(AbstractButton.java:2318) at javax.swing.DefaultButtonModel.fireActionPerformed(DefaultButtonModel.java:387) at javax.swing.DefaultButtonModel.setPressed(DefaultButtonModel.java:242) at javax.swing.plaf.basic.BasicButtonListener.mouseReleased(BasicButtonListener.java:236) at java.awt.AWTEventMulticaster.mouseReleased(AWTEventMulticaster.java:272) at java.awt.Component.processMouseEvent(Component.java:6263) at javax.swing.JComponent.processMouseEvent(JComponent.java:3267) at java.awt.Component.processEvent(Component.java:6028) at java.awt.Container.processEvent(Container.java:2041) at java.awt.Component.dispatchEventImpl(Component.java:4630) at java.awt.Container.dispatchEventImpl(Container.java:2099) at java.awt.Component.dispatchEvent(Component.java:4460) at java.awt.LightweightDispatcher.retargetMouseEvent(Container.java:4574) at java.awt.LightweightDispatcher.processMouseEvent(Container.java:4238) at java.awt.LightweightDispatcher.dispatchEvent(Container.java:4168) at java.awt.Container.dispatchEventImpl(Container.java:2085) at java.awt.Window.dispatchEventImpl(Window.java:2478) at java.awt.Component.dispatchEvent(Component.java:4460) at java.awt.EventQueue.dispatchEvent(EventQueue.java:599) at java.awt.EventDispatchThread.pumpOneEventForFilters(EventDispatchThread.java:269) at java.awt.EventDispatchThread.pumpEventsForFilter(EventDispatchThread.java:184) at java.awt.EventDispatchThread.pumpEventsForHierarchy(EventDispatchThread.java:174) at java.awt.EventDispatchThread.pumpEvents(EventDispatchThread.java:169) at java.awt.EventDispatchThread.pumpEvents(EventDispatchThread.java:161) at java.awt.EventDispatchThread.run(EventDispatchThread.java:122) Any idea how to solve this?

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  • Variables in static library are never initialized. Why?

    - by Coyote
    I have a bunch of variables that should be initialized then my game launches, but must of them are never initialized. Here is an example of the code: MyClass.h class MyClass : public BaseObject { DECLARE_CLASS_RTTI(MyClass, BaseObject); ... }; MyClass.cpp REGISTER_CLASS(MyClass) Where REGISTER_CLASS is a macro defined as follow #define REGISTER_CLASS(className)\ class __registryItem##className : public __registryItemBase {\ virtual className* Alloc(){ return NEW className(); }\ virtual BaseObject::RTTI& GetRTTI(){ return className::RTTI; }\ }\ \ const __registryItem##className __registeredItem##className(#className); and __registryItemBase looks like this: class __registryItemBase { __registryItemBase(const _string name):mName(name){ ClassRegistry::Register(this); } const _string mName; virtual BaseObject* Alloc() = 0; virtual BaseObject::RTTI& GetRTTI() = 0; } Now the code is similar to what I currently have and what I have works flawlessly, all the registered classes are registered to a ClassManager before main(...) is called. I'm able to instantiate and configure components from scripts and auto-register them to the right system etc... The problem arrises when I create a static library (currently for the iPhone, but I fear it will happen with android as well). In that case the code in the .cpp files is never registered. Why is the resulting code not executed when it is in the library while the same code in the program's binary is always executed? Bonus questions: For this to work in the static library, what should I do? Is there something I am missing? Do I need to pass a flag when building the lib? Should I create another structure and init all the __registeredItem##className using that structure?

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  • How do I list all the relation variables and debug them interactively?

    - by mfisch
    I'm writing a charm that requires a mysql database, I found from looking at other charms that this (below) is how I get the info about the database: user=`relation-get user` password=`relation-get password` mysqlhost=`relation-get private-address` But I just found that from reading the wordpress charm example, is there a way to show all the relation variables that I can use? Also, while debugging my db-relation-changed script, I wanted to ssh into my host and interactively run those commands, for example relation-get user, but it didn't work. I resorted to having to restart everything and use juju log to print them out. This wasted a lot of time. Is there a way to print out these relations, either from my dev box or from the instance running my charm? (Below is what happens when I tried to interactively run relation-get): ubuntu@mfisch-local-tracks-0:~$ relation-get user usage: relation-get [-h] [-o OUTPUT] [-s SOCKET] [--client-id CLIENT_ID] [--format FORMAT] [--log-file FILE] [--log-level CRITICAL|DEBUG|INFO|ERROR|WARNING] [-r RELATION ID] [settings_name] [unit_name] No JUJU_AGENT_SOCKET/-s option found I tried juju debug-hooks tracks/0 -e local, that dropped me into a shell and relation-get still failed.

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  • Is there some way to make variables like $a and $b in regard to strict?

    - by Axeman
    In light of Michael Carman's comment, I have decided to rewrite the question. Note that 11 comments appear before this edit, and give credence to Michael's observation that I did not write the question in a way that made it clear what I was asking. Question: What is the standard--or cleanest way--to fake the special status that $a and $b have in regard to strict by simply importing a module? First of all some setup. The following works: #!/bin/perl use strict; print "\$a=$a\n"; print "\$b=$b\n"; If I add one more line: print "\$c=$c\n"; I get an error at compile time, which means that none of my dazzling print code gets to run. If I comment out use strict; it runs fine. Outside of strictures, $a and $b are mainly special in that sort passes the two values to be compared with those names. my @reverse_order = sort { $b <=> $a } @unsorted; Thus the main functional difference about $a and $b--even though Perl "knows their names"--is that you'd better know this when you sort, or use some of the functions in List::Util. It's only when you use strict, that $a and $b become special variables in a whole new way. They are the only variables that strict will pass over without complaining that they are not declared. : Now, I like strict, but it strikes me that if TIMTOWTDI (There is more than one way to do it) is Rule #1 in Perl, this is not very TIMTOWDI. It says that $a and $b are special and that's it. If you want to use variables you don't have to declare $a and $b are your guys. If you want to have three variables by adding $c, suddenly there's a whole other way to do it. Nevermind that in manipulating hashes $k and $v might make more sense: my %starts_upper_1_to_25 = skim { $k =~ m/^\p{IsUpper}/ && ( 1 <= $v && $v <= 25 ) } %my_hash ;` Now, I use and I like strict. But I just want $k and $v to be visible to skim for the most compact syntax. And I'd like it to be visible simply by use Hash::Helper qw<skim>; I'm not asking this question to know how to black-magic it. My "answer" below, should let you know that I know enough Perl to be dangerous. I'm asking if there is a way to make strict accept other variables, or what is the cleanest solution. The answer could well be no. If that's the case, it simply does not seem very TIMTOWTDI.

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  • How to bind the Command property of the ItemTemplate CheckBox to ViewModel object's property?

    - by 123Developer
    Let me ask this question with a pseudo code: Where "Contacts" the ViewModel object set as the DataContext for the window. "Contacts" has "PersonCollection" , public ICommand PersonSelectedCommand properties. "PersonCollection" is List "Person" has Name, Age properties Currently this is not working as CheckBox is trying to find and bind the ICommand "PersonSelectedCommand" property of object "person", which does not exists! How will bind the CheckBox to the ICommand "PersonSelectedCommand" property of object "Contact" Thanks and regards 123Deveopler

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  • How do i bind my ObservableCollection<T> object in my codebehind to my listbox... Silverlight WP7

    - by Nawaz Dhandala
    This is My codebehind public System.Collections.ObjectModel.ObservableCollection FriendList { get; set; } // I want to bind this to my listbox public Friends() //this is constructor { InitializeComponent(); this.DataContext = this; //I think this is what I'm doing is right....:) } How do I bind my FriendList to the ListBox - FriendList has a property of user.UserName which I want to display it in the TextBlock "friendUsername" Please help!!! Thanks for your answers!!!

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  • How to compare two variables from a java class in jess and execute a rule?

    - by user3417084
    I'm beginner in Jess. I'm trying to compare two variables from a Java class in Jess and trying to execute a rule. I have imported cTNumber and measuredCurrent (both are integer)form a java class called CurrentSignal. Similarly imported vTNumberand measuredVoltage form a java class DERSignal. Now I want to make a rule such that if cTNumber is equal to vTNumber then multiply measuredCurrent and measuredVoltage (Both are double) for calculating power. I'm trying in this way.... (import signals.*) (deftemplate CurrentSignal (declare (from-class CurrentSignal))) (deftemplate DERSignal (declare (from-class DERSignal))) (defglobal ?*CTnumber* = 0) (defglobal ?*VTnumber* = 0) (defglobal ?*VTnumberDER* = 0) (defglobal ?*measuredCurrent* = 0) (defglobal ?*measuredVoltage* = 0) (defglobal ?*measuredVoltageDER* = 0) (defrule Get-CT-Number (CurrentSignal (cTNumber ?m)) (CurrentSignal (measuredCurrent ?c)) => (bind ?*measuredCurrent* ?c) (printout t "Measured Current : " ?*measuredCurrent*" Amps"crlf) (bind ?*CTnumber* ?m) (printout t ?*CTnumber* crlf) ) (defrule Get-DER-Number (DERSignal (vTNumber ?o)) (DERSignal (measuredVoltage ?V)) => (bind ?*measuredVoltageDER* ?V) (printout t "Measured Voltage : " ?*measuredVoltageDER* " V" crlf) (bind ?*VTnumberDER* ?o) (printout t ?*VTnumberDER* crlf) ) (defrule Power-Calculation-DER-signal "Power calculation of DER Bay" (test (= ?*CTnumber* ?*VTnumberDER* )) => (printout t "Total Generation : " (* ?*measuredCurrent* ?*measuredVoltageDER*) crlf) ) But the Total Generation is showing 0. But I tried calculating in Java and it's showing a number. Can anyone please help me to solve this problem. Thank you.

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  • Type Casting variables in PHP: Is there a practical example?

    - by Stephen
    PHP, as most of us know, has weak typing. For those who don't, PHP.net says: PHP does not require (or support) explicit type definition in variable declaration; a variable's type is determined by the context in which the variable is used. Love it or hate it, PHP re-casts variables on-the-fly. So, the following code is valid: $var = "10"; $value = 10 + $var; var_dump($value); // int(20) PHP also alows you to explicitly cast a variable, like so: $var = "10"; $value = 10 + $var; $value = (string)$value; var_dump($value); // string(2) "20" That's all cool... but, for the life of me, I cannot conceive of a practical reason for doing this. I don't have a problem with strong typing in languages that support it, like Java. That's fine, and I completely understand it. Also, I'm aware of—and fully understand the usefulness of—type hinting in function parameters. The problem I have with type casting is explained by the above quote. If PHP can swap types at-will, it can do so even after you force cast a type; and it can do so on-the-fly when you need a certain type in an operation. That makes the following valid: $var = "10"; $value = (int)$var; $value = $value . ' TaDa!'; var_dump($value); // string(8) "10 TaDa!" So what's the point? Can anyone show me a practical application or example of type casting—one that would fail if type casting were not involved? I ask this here instead of SO because I figure practicality is too subjective. Edit in response to Chris' comment Take this theoretical example of a world where user-defined type casting makes sense in PHP: You force cast variable $foo as int -- (int)$foo. You attempt to store a string value in the variable $foo. PHP throws an exception!! <--- That would make sense. Suddenly the reason for user defined type casting exists! The fact that PHP will switch things around as needed makes the point of user defined type casting vague. For example, the following two code samples are equivalent: // example 1 $foo = 0; $foo = (string)$foo; $foo = '# of Reasons for the programmer to type cast $foo as a string: ' . $foo; // example 2 $foo = 0; $foo = (int)$foo; $foo = '# of Reasons for the programmer to type cast $foo as a string: ' . $foo;

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  • Type Casting variables in PHP: Is there a practical example?

    - by Stephen
    PHP, as most of us know, has weak typing. For those who don't, PHP.net says: PHP does not require (or support) explicit type definition in variable declaration; a variable's type is determined by the context in which the variable is used. Love it or hate it, PHP re-casts variables on-the-fly. So, the following code is valid: $var = "10"; $value = 10 + $var; var_dump($value); // int(20) PHP also alows you to explicitly cast a variable, like so: $var = "10"; $value = 10 + $var; $value = (string)$value; var_dump($value); // string(2) "20" That's all cool... but, for the life of me, I cannot conceive of a practical reason for doing this. I don't have a problem with strong typing in languages that support it, like Java. That's fine, and I completely understand it. Also, I'm aware of—and fully understand the usefulness of—type hinting in function parameters. The problem I have with type casting is explained by the above quote. If PHP can swap types at-will, it can do so even after you force cast a type; and it can do so on-the-fly when you need a certain type in an operation. That makes the following valid: $var = "10"; $value = (int)$var; $value = $value . ' TaDa!'; var_dump($value); // string(8) "10 TaDa!" So what's the point? Can anyone show me a practical application or example of type casting—one that would fail if type casting were not involved? I ask this here instead of SO because I figure practicality is too subjective. Edit in response to Chris' comment Take this theoretical example of a world where user-defined type casting makes sense in PHP: You force cast variable $foo as int -- (int)$foo. You attempt to store a string value in the variable $foo. PHP throws an exception!! <--- That would make sense. Suddenly the reason for user defined type casting exists! The fact that PHP will switch things around as needed makes the point of user defined type casting vague. For example, the following two code samples are equivalent: // example 1 $foo = 0; $foo = (string)$foo; $foo = '# of Reasons for the programmer to type cast $foo as a string: ' . $foo; // example 2 $foo = 0; $foo = (int)$foo; $foo = '# of Reasons for the programmer to type cast $foo as a string: ' . $foo; UPDATE Guess who found himself using typecasting in a practical environment? Yours Truly. The requirement was to display money values on a website for a restaurant menu. The design of the site required that trailing zeros be trimmed, so that the display looked something like the following: Menu Item 1 .............. $ 4 Menu Item 2 .............. $ 7.5 Menu Item 3 .............. $ 3 The best way I found to do that wast to cast the variable as a float: $price = '7.50'; // a string from the database layer. echo 'Menu Item 2 .............. $ ' . (float)$price; PHP trims the float's trailing zeros, and then recasts the float as a string for concatenation.

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  • What is the list of special variables available when writing a shell command for a context menu

    - by giovanni.pellicciotta
    When extending the Windows' shell context menu (e.g. for adding an 'Open command here' prompt on directories), a 'command' key needs to be created in the registry. The value of this 'command' key apparently can be any valid command line. I want to know which 'special variables' are available for use inside this command line. For example, I use following command for opening and cmd window from within a directory's context menu (*): cmd.exe /e:on /f:on /s /k pushd "%V" I cannot find any reference to what %V actually means or what the full list of such variables is. (*) Following registry keys are created for this: [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Classes\Directory\shell\cmdshell] @=Open Command Prompt Here" HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Classes\Directory\shell\cmdshell\command] @="cmd.exe /e:on /f:on /s /k pushd \"%V\""

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  • Should one bind data with Eval on aspx or override ItemDataBound in code-behind?

    - by George Chang
    For data bound controls (Repeater, ListView, GridView, etc.), what's the preferred way of binding data? I've seen it where people use Eval() directly on the aspx/ascx inside the data bound control to pull the data field, but to me, it just seems so...inelegant. It seems particularly inelegant when the data needs to be manipulated so you wind up with shim methods like <%# FormatMyData(DataBinder.Eval(Container.DataItem, "DataField")) %> inside your control. Personally, I prefer to put in Literal controls (or other appropriate controls) and attach to the OnItemDataBound event for the control and populate all the data to their appropriate fields in the code-behind. Are there any advantages of doing one over the other? I prefer the latter, because to me it makes sense to compartmentalize the data binding logic and the presentation layer. But maybe that's just me.

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  • What Are All the Variables Necessary to Create Blackbox Logs for Nginx?

    - by Alan Gutierrez
    There's an article out there, Profiling LAMP Applications with Apache's Blackbox Logs, that describes how to create a log that records a lot of detailed information missing in the common and combined log formats. This information is supposed to help you resolve performance issues. As the author notes "While the common log-file format (and the combined format) are great for hit tracking, they aren't suitable for getting hardcore performance data." The article describes a "blackbox" log format, like a blackbox flight recorder on an aircraft, that gathers information used to profile server performance, missing from the hit tracking log formats: Keep alive status, remote port, child processes, bytes sent, etc. LogFormat "%a/%S %X %t \"%r\" %s/%>s %{pid}P/%{tid}P %T/%D %I/%O/%B" blackbox I'm trying to recreate as much of the format for Nginx, and would like help filling in the blanks. Here's what Nginx blackbox format would look like, the unmapped Apache directives have question marks after their names. access_log blackbox '$remote_addr/$remote_port X? [$time_local] "$request"' 's?/$status $pid/0 T?/D? I?/O?/B?' Here's a table of the variables I've been able to map from the Nginx documentation. %a = $remote_addr - The IP address of the remote client. %S = $remote_port - The port of the remote client. %X = ? - Keep alive status. %t = $time_local - The start time of the request. %r = $request - The first line of request containing method verb, path and protocol. %s = ? - Status before any redirections. %>s = $status - Status after any redirections. %{pid}P = $pid - The process id. %{tid}P = N/A - The thread id, which is non-applicable to Nignx. %T = ? - The time in seconds to handle the request. %D = ? - The time in milliseconds to handle the request. %I = ? - The count of bytes received including headers. %O = ? - The count of bytes sent including headers. %B = ? - The count of bytes sent excluding headers, but with a 0 for none instead of '-'. Looking for help filling in the missing variables, or confirmation that the missing variables are in fact, unavailable in Nginx.

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  • I am so confused about desktop/viewport switching, all I want to do is bind keyboard shortcuts to switch desktops

    - by Alex
    I've installed a pre-made Ubuntu 10.04 image at work, and I can't seem to figure out how to get desktop switching to work. No shortcuts work, and all the help I can get from the Ubuntu forums is "CTRL-Alt-Left/Right should work." So lemme get this straight. Switching between desktops is deprecated, so we use viewports, which are managed by Compiz, which has one of the most absurd configuration managers out there. Lovely. Can anyone straighten this out for me, and anyone else who might stumble on this question?

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  • Storing user info in Session using an Object vs. normal variables

    - by justinl
    I'm in the process of implementing a user authentication system for my website. I'm using an open source library that maintains user information by creating a User object and storing that object inside my php SESSION variable. Is this the best way to store and access that information? I find it a bit of a hassle to access the user variables because I have to create an object to access them first: $userObj = $_SESSION['userObject']; $userObj->userId; instead of just accessing the user id like this how I would usually store the user ID: $_SESSION['userId']; Is there an advantage to storing a bunch of user data as an object instead of just storing them as individual SESSION variables? ps - The library also seems to store a handful of variables inside the user object (id, username, date joined, email, last user db query) but I really don't care to have all that information stored in my session. I only really want to keep the user id and username.

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  • How can I access variables outside of current scope in javascript?

    - by sekmet64
    I'm writing some application in javascript and cannot figure it out how to access the variables declared in my function, inside this jquery parse. Inside I can access global variables, but I don't really want to create global vars for these values. Basically I want to extract file names from an xml document in the simulationFiles variable. I check if the node attribute is equal with the simName and extract the two strings inside the xml elements, that part I think it's working. How can I extract those xml elements and append them to local variables? function CsvReader(simName) { this.initFileName = "somepath"; this.eventsFileName = "somepath"; $(simulationFiles).find('simulation').each(function() { if ($(this).attr("name") == simName) { initFileName += $(this).find("init").text(); eventsFileName += $(this).find("events").text(); } }); }

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  • Should I use curly brackets or concatenate variables within strings?

    - by mririgo
    Straight forward question: Is there an advantage or disadvantage to concatenating variables within strings or using curly braces instead? Concatenated: $greeting = "Welcome, ".$name."!"; Curly braces: $greeting = "Welcome, {$name}!"; Personally, I've always concatenated my strings because I use UEStudio and it highlights PHP variables a different color when concatenated. However, when the variable is not broken out, it does not. It just makes it easier for my eyes to find PHP variables in long strings, etc. EDIT: People are confusing this about being about SQL. This is not what this question is about. I've updated my examples to avoid confusion.

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  • How is this statement making sense? (Sun's naming convention for Java variables)

    - by polygenelubricants
    I've been quoting this segment from Sun's document for the past few days, and only now do I stop and think about what it's saying, and I can't make sense out of it. Please keep in mind that English is not my first language. Naming conventions Variables: Except for variables, all instance, class, and class constants are in mixed case with a lowercase first letter. How is this making sense? Isn't this saying that class names are in mixed case with a lowercase first letter? Like I should name it class myClass? And class constants are also in mixed case with a lowercase first letter? Like I should name it Integer.maxValue? And is it really saying anything about how variables themselves should be named? Am I not parsing this properly or is this actually a blatant error?

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