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• Getting a Database into Source Control

  - by Grant Fritchey

  For any number of reasons, from simple auditing, to change tracking, to automated deployment, to integration with application development processes, you’re going to want to place your database into source control. Using Red Gate SQL Source Control this process is extremely simple. SQL Source Control works within your SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS) interface.  This means you can work with your databases in any way that you’re used to working with them. If you prefer scripts to using the GUI, not a problem. If you prefer using the GUI to having to learn T-SQL, again, that’s fine. After installing SQL Source Control, this is what you’ll see when you open SSMS:   SQL Source Control is now a direct piece of the SSMS environment. The key point initially is that I currently don’t have a database selected. You can even see that in the SQL Source Control window where it shows, in red, “No database selected – select a database in Object Explorer.” If I expand my Databases list in the Object Explorer, you’ll be able to immediately see which databases have been integrated with source control and which have not. There are visible differences between the databases as you can see here:   To add a database to source control, I first have to select it. For this example, I’m going to add the AdventureWorks2012 database to an instance of the SVN source control software (I’m using uberSVN). When I click on the AdventureWorks2012 database, the SQL Source Control screen changes:   I’m going to need to click on the “Link database to source control” text which will open up a window for connecting this database to the source control system of my choice.  You can pick from the default source control systems on the left, or define one of your own. I also have to provide the connection string for the location within the source control system where I’ll be storing my database code. I set these up in advance. You’ll need two. One for the main set of scripts and one for special scripts called Migrations that deal with different kinds of changes between versions of the code. Migrations help you solve problems like having to create or modify data in columns as part of a structural change. I’ll talk more about them another day. Finally, I have to determine if this is an isolated environment that I’m going to be the only one use, a dedicated database. Or, if I’m sharing the database in a shared environment with other developers, a shared database.  The main difference is, under a dedicated database, I will need to regularly get any changes that other developers have made from source control and integrate it into my database. While, under a shared database, all changes for all developers are made at the same time, which means you could commit other peoples work without proper testing. It all depends on the type of environment you work within. But, when it’s all set, it will look like this: SQL Source Control will compare the results between the empty folders in source control and the database, AdventureWorks2012. You’ll get a report showing exactly the list of differences and you can choose which ones will get checked into source control. Each of the database objects is scripted individually. You’ll be able to modify them later in the same way. Here’s the list of differences for my new database:   You can select/deselect all the objects or each object individually. You also get a report showing the differences between what’s in the database and what’s in source control. If there was already a database in source control, you’d only see changes to database objects rather than every single object. You can see that the database objects can be sorted by name, by type, or other choices. I’m going to add a comment such as “Initial creation of database in source control.” And then click on the Commit button which will put all the objects in my database into the source control system. That’s all it takes to get the objects into source control initially. Now is when things can get fun with breaking changes to code, automated deployments, unit testing and all the rest.

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• Is encoding needed in this decryption?

  - by Lijo

  I have a Encryption – Decryption scenario as shown below. //[Clear text ID string as input] -- [(ASCII GetByte) + Encoding] -- [Encrption as byte array] -- [Database column is in VarBinary] -- [Pass byte[] as VarBinary parameter to SP for comparison] //[ID stored as VarBinary in Database] -- [Read as byte array] -- [(Decrypt as byte array) + Encoding + (ASCII Get String)] -- Show as string in the UI My question is in the decryption scenario. After decryption I get a byte array. I am doing an encoding (IBM037) after that. Is it correct? Is there something wrong in the flow shown above? private static byte[] GetEncryptedID(string id) { Interface_Request input = new Interface_Request(); input.RequestText = Encodeto64(id); input.RequestType = Encryption; ProgramInterface inputRequest = new ProgramInterface(); inputRequest.Test_Trial_Request = input; using (KTestService operation = new KTestService()) { return ((operation.KTrialOperation(inputRequest)).Test_Trial_Response.ResponseText); } } private static string GetDecryptedID(byte[] id) { Interface_Request input = new Interface_Request(); input.RequestText = id; input.RequestType = Decryption; ProgramInterface request = new ProgramInterface(); request.Test_Trial_Request = input; using (KTestService operationD = new KTestService()) { ProgramInterface1 response = operationD.KI014Operation(request); byte[] decryptedValue = response.ICSF_AES_Response.ResponseText; Encoding sourceByteFormat = Encoding.GetEncoding("IBM037"); Encoding destinationByteFormat = Encoding.ASCII; //Convert from one byte format to other (IBM to ASCII) byte[] ibmEncodedBytes = Encoding.Convert(sourceByteFormat, destinationByteFormat,decryptedValue); return System.Text.ASCIIEncoding.ASCII.GetString(ibmEncodedBytes); } } private static byte[] EncodeTo64(string toEncode) { byte[] dataInBytes = System.Text.ASCIIEncoding.ASCII.GetBytes(toEncode); Encoding destinationByteFormat = Encoding.GetEncoding("IBM037"); Encoding sourceByteFormat = Encoding.ASCII; //Convert from one byte format to other (ASCII to IBM) byte[] asciiBytes = Encoding.Convert(sourceByteFormat, destinationByteFormat, dataInBytes); return asciiBytes; }

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• Does it matter to you that a software is "available source" but not "open source"

  - by ccpod

  You probably know the list of open source licenses officially approved by the OSI. Most notably I guess would be the GPL, MIT, [insert your favorite license here]. I recently ran into a project which although was open source (the creator made all source code available), was not officially open source under one of those official licenses. It released the source, but made no promise to release the source in the future. It allowed modification suggestions, but made no promises to accept patches and disallowed external distribution of externally-patched versions. It allowed the use of the software in commercial or paid projects, but disallowed the sale of the software itself. I suppose it could be called "available source" not open source as we like to think of it. I can see why the management team of a company wouldn't want to do business with this software. They can't fork it, they can't sell it, they can't create their own version of the software and distribute it or sell it. But would it matter to you as part of a software engineering team who's just using this software? I can still get my work done with it, I can use it in a project for which I'm paid (but I can't sell the software itself, which I'm not in the business of doing anyway), and I can make changes to the code to make it behave differently for my needs (but I can't make those modifications public), and if I do want those modifications officially made available to others, the approval is up to the project itself and they choose whether to incorporate them in an official release or not. So we know that a company that wants to base its business on this "available source" software can't do that, but as someone from the software engineering team, would those differences matter to you or do they seem less relevant? Curious what others think of this.

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• Does it matter to you that a software is "available source" but not "open source"

  - by ccpod

  You probably know the list of open source licenses officially approved by the OSI. Most notably I guess would be the GPL, MIT, [insert your favorite license here]. I recently ran into a project which although was open source (the creator made all source code available), was not officially open source under one of those official licenses. It released the source, but made no promise to release the source in the future. It allowed modification suggestions, but made no promises to accept patches and disallowed external distribution of externally-patched versions. It allowed the use of the software in commercial or paid projects, but disallowed the sale of the software itself. I suppose it could be called "available source" not open source as we like to think of it. I can see why the management team of a company wouldn't want to do business with this software. They can't fork it, they can't sell it, they can't create their own version of the software and distribute it or sell it. But would it matter to you as part of a software engineering team who's just using this software? I can still get my work done with it, I can use it in a project for which I'm paid (but I can't sell the software itself, which I'm not in the business of doing anyway), and I can make changes to the code to make it behave differently for my needs (but I can't make those modifications public), and if I do want those modifications officially made available to others, the approval is up to the project itself and they choose whether to incorporate them in an official release or not. So we know that a company that wants to base its business on this "available source" software can't do that, but as someone from the software engineering team, would those differences matter to you or do they seem less relevant? Curious what others think of this.

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• What are some examples of open source software that has turned into closed source software? [on hold]

  - by Verrier

  As the title says... can anyone think of any software that has made the transition from open source to closed source / proprietary? These could include software owned by the same company who decided to take a once open source offering and turn it into closed source... but I'm really looking for some examples of companies who developed a commercial closed source product off of an existing open source one (obviously with a permissive license).

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• C# Check if character exists in encoding

  - by Alvin Wong

  I am writing a program that a part renders a bitmap font in CP437. In a function that renders the text with I want to be able to check whether a char is available in CP437 before the encoding conversion, like: public static void DrawCharacter(this Graphics g, char c) { if (char_exist_in_encoding(Encoding.GetEncoding(437), c) { byte[] src = Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes(c.ToString()); byte[] dest = Encoding.Convert(Encoding.Unicode, Encoding.GetEncoding(437), src); DrawCharacter(g, dest[0]); // Call the void(this Graphics, byte) overload } } Without the check, any characters outside CP437 will result in a '?' (63, 0x3F). I want to hide any invalid characters completely. Is there an implementation of char_exist_in_encoding other than the following stupid approach? public static bool char_exist_in_encoding(Encoding e, char c) { if (c == '?') return true; byte[] src = Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes(c.ToString()); byte[] dest = Encoding.Convert(Encoding.Unicode, Encoding.GetEncoding(437), src); if (dest[0] == 0x3F) return false; return true; } Perhaps not very relevant, but the bitmap is created like this: Bitmap b = new Bitmap(256 * 8, 16); Graphics g = Graphics.FromImage(b); g.TextRenderingHint = System.Drawing.Text.TextRenderingHint.SingleBitPerPixelGridFit; Font f = new Font("Whatever 8x16 bitmap font", 16, GraphicsUnit.Pixel); for (byte i = 0; i < 255; i++) { byte[] arr = Encoding.Convert(Encoding.GetEncoding(437), Encoding.Unicode, new byte[] { i }); char c = Encoding.Unicode.GetChars(arr)[0]; g.DrawString(c.ToString(), f, Brushes.Black, i * 8 - 3, 0); // Don't know why it needs a 3px offset } b.Save(@"D:\chars.png");

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• Databases in Source Control

  - by Grant Fritchey

  I’ve been working as a database professional for quite a long time. But originally, I was a developer. And I loved being a developer. There was this constant feedback loop of a job well done, your code compiled and it ran. Every time this happened successfully, you’d check it into source control. These days you have to add another step; the code passed all the tests, unit, line, regression, qa, whatever, then into source control it goes. As a matter of fact, when I first made the jump from developer to DBA/database developer/database professional, source control was the one thing I couldn’t believe was missing from the DBA toolbox. Come to find out, source control was only the beginning of what was missing from your standard DBAs set of skills. Don’t get me wrong. I’m not disrespecting the DBA. They’re focused where they should be, on your production data. But there has to be a method for developing applications that include databases and the database side of that development and deployment process has long been lacking. This lack of development and deployment methodologies is a part of what has given rise to some of the wackier implementations of Object Relational Mapping tools, the NoSQL movement, and some of the other foul cursing that is directed towards databases, DBAs, and database development by application developers. Some of that is well earned. A lot isn’t. But it is a fact that database professionals, in general, do not have as sophisticated a model for managing development and deployment as application developers do. We could charge out and start trying to come up with our own standards and methods. I’m sure people have done exactly that. However, I’m lazy, and not terribly bright. Rather than try to invent a whole new process, I’m going to look to my developer roots and choose instead to emulate the developers. They’re sitting over there across the hall from me working with SCRUM/Agile/Waterfall/Object Driven/Feature Driven/Test Driven development processes that they’ve been polishing for years. What if I just started working on database development the same way they work on code development? Win! Ah, but now I have to have a mechanism for treating my database like application code. First, I need a method for getting it into source control. That’s where Red Gate’s SQL Source Control comes into the picture. SQL Source Control works within SQL Server Management Studio to connect your database objects up to the source control system of your choice. Right out of the box SQL Source Control can link to TFS, SVN or Vault. With a little work you can connect it to Git or just about any other source control system. With the ability to get my database into source control, a lot of possibilities for more direct integration with the application development teams open up.

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• MODx character encoding

  - by Piet

  Ahhh character encodings. Don’t you just love them? Having character issues in MODx? Then probably the MODx manager character encoding, the character encoding of the site itself, your database’s character encoding, or the encoding MODx/php uses to talk to MySQL isn’t correct. The Website Encoding Your MODx site’s character encoding can be configured in the manager under Tools/Configuration/Site/Character encoding. This is the encoding your website’s visitors will get. The Manager’s Encoding The manager’s encoding can be changed by setting $modx_manager_charset at manager/includes/lang/<language>.inc.php like this (for example): $modx_manager_charset = 'iso-8859-1'; To find out what language you’re using (and thus was file you need to change), check Tools/Configuration/Site/Language (1 line above the character encoding setting). This needs to be the same encoding as your site. You can’t have your manager in utf8 and your site in iso-8859-1. Your Database’s Encoding The charset MODx/php uses to talk to your database can be set by changing $database_connection_charset in manager/includes/config.inc.php. This needs to be the same as your database’s charset. Make sure you use the correct corresponding charset, for iso-8859-1 you need to use ‘latin1′. Utf8 is just utf8. Example: $database_connection_charset = 'latin1'; Now, if you check Reports/System info, the ‘Database Charset’ might say something else. This is because the mysql variable ‘character_set_database’ is displayed here, which contains the character set used by the default database and not the one for the current database/connection. However, if you’d change this to display ‘character_set_connection’, it could still say something else because the ’set character set’ statement used by MODx doesn’t change this value either. The ’set names’ statement does, but since it turns out my MODx install works now as expected I’ll just leave it at this before I get a headache. If I saved you a potential headache or you think I’m totally wrong or overlooked something, let me know in the comments. btw: I want to be able to use a real editor with MODx. Somehow.

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• MUD source code

  - by Tchalvak

  I haven't been able to find a lot of the old, open source mud source codes. I find the way they did things very applicable to text-based/browser based games, and I'd love to be able to skim through parts of 'em for inspiration. For instance, we have this huge list of muds and the relationships between them, but little by way of access to source code. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MUD_trees Often (I'm looking at you, dikumud, http://www.dikumud.com/links.aspx ) the sites of the mud itself doesn't even have a working link to the source. https://github.com/alexmchale/merc-mud has a copy of merc that I found, which certainly contains other works within it's history, but the pickings seems sparse. Does anyone have better resources for gaining access to MUD source code than these?

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• What are some ramifications of open source software turning into closed source software? [on hold]

  - by Verrier

  If a company takes a permissively licensed open source application and then develops a closed source application from that by reworking extensive parts of the application, adding new features and applying bug fixes... Ignoring any license requirements... How does the transition happen and what can be done to prevent it beyond choosing a difference license? What are the (ethical or social) responsibilities for the company? (For example: Giving back to the open source project would be the ethical thing to do) If the open source version and closed source version are both available, how does the competition affect either product? Are there any examples of companies or products that have done this (either successfully or unsuccessfully) in the past? What was the community attitude toward those projects?

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• Choice of open source license for some components, closed source for others

  - by Peter Serwylo

  G'day, I am working on a set of multiplayer games, where different games play against each other (e.g. you play a Tetris clone, I play an Asteroids clone, but we are both competing against each other). All the games would be based on the same underlying framework written specifically for this project. I am struggling to comprehend how I would license this so that: The underlying framework is open source, so other people can create new games based on it. Some games built on the framework are open source Other games are closed source The goal is to have two bundles on something like the Android market: One free and open source package which has a collection of games Another "premium" (although I dislike that word) paid package which has a different collection of games. Usually I am fond of permissive licenses such as MIT/BSD, however I would prefer something more in the vein of the GPL for this. This is because for software such as the snes-9x SNES emulator, which is a great piece of software, there is a ton of poor quality versions being sold, whereas it would be preferable if there was just one authoritative version which was always kept up to date, and distributed for free. If the underlying framework was GPL'd, would I be able to build closed source games on top of it? Thanks for your input.

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• Open Source Survey: Oracle Products on Top

  - by trond-arne.undheim

  Oracle continues to work with the open source community to bring the most innovative and productive software to market (more). Oracle products received the most votes in several key categories of the 2010 Linux Journal Reader's Choice Awards. With over 12,000 technologists reporting, these product earned top spots: Best Office Suite: OpenOffice.org Best Single Office Program: OpenOffice.org Writer Best Database: MySQL Best Virtualization Solution: VirtualBox "As the leading open source technology and service provider, Oracle continues to work with the community stakeholders to rapidly innovate many open source products for use in fully tested production environments," says Edward Screven, Oracle's chief corporate architect. "Supporting open source is important to Oracle and our customers, and we continue to invest in it." According to a recent report by the Linux Foundation, Oracle is one of the top ten contributors to the Linux Kernel. Oracle also contributes millions of lines of code to these important projects: OpenJDK: 7,002,579 Eclipse: 1,800,000 (#3 in active committers) MySQL: 5,073,113 NetBeans: 7,870,446 JSF: 701,980 Apache MyFaces Trinidad: 1,316,840 Hudson: 1,209,779 OpenOffice.org: 7,500,000

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• Dilemma for growing a project: Open source volunteer developers VS closed source paid / revshare developers? [closed]

  - by giorgio79

  I am trying to grow my project, and I am vaccillating between some examples. Some options seem to be: 1. open sourcing the project to draw volunteer developers. Pros This would mean anyone can try and make some money off the code that would motivate them to contribute back and grow the project. Cons Existing bigger could easily copy and paste my work so far. They can also replicate without having access to the code, but that would take more time. I also thought of using AGPL license, but again, code can still be copied without redistribution. After all, enforcing a license costs a lot of money, and I cannot just say to a possible copycat that it seems you copied my code, show me what you got. 2. Keep the project closed source, but create some kind of a developer program where they get revshare Pros I keep the main rights for the project, but still generate interest by creating a developer program. Noone can copy code easily, just with some considerable effort, but make contributions easy as a breeze. I am also seeing many companies just open source a part of their projects, like Acquia does not open source its multisite setup, or github does not open source some of its core business. Cons Less attention from open source committed devs. Conclusion So option 2 seems the most secure, but would love some feedback.

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• going from closed-source to open-source [closed]

  - by mspoerr

  I am thinking of releasing the source code of my application (Freeware at the moment). It is written in C++ with VisualStudio 2008 and all used 3rd-party libs are free or open-source and platform independent. The idea to release the source-code is very old, but till now I did not want to show the code because I am not sure if it is nice/well designed (I am not a professional developer), but the application is growing and help would be very welcome, but I want to keep control... What do I need to consider? Is there any best practice for this scenario? The code itself is one thing, but there is much more like license, documentation, project settings, 3rd party libs, platform (Sourceforge, other?)

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• What encoding is used by javax.xml.transform.Transformer?

  - by Simon Reeves

  Please can you answer a couple of questions based on the code below (excludes the try/catch blocks), which transforms input XML and XSL files into an output XSL-FO file: File xslFile = new File("inXslFile.xsl"); File xmlFile = new File("sourceXmlFile.xml"); TransformerFactory tFactory = TransformerFactory.newInstance(); Transformer transformer = tFactory.newTransformer(new StreamSource(xslFile)); FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("outFoFile.fo"); transformer.transform(new StreamSource(xmlFile), new StreamResult(fos)); inXslFile is encoded using UTF-8 - however there are no tags in file which states this. sourceXmlFile is UTF-8 encoded and there may be a metatag at start of file indicating this. am currently using Java 6 with intention of upgrading in the future. What encoding is used when reading the xslFile? What encoding is used when reading the xmlFile? What encoding will be applied to the FO outfile? How can I obtain the info (properties) for 1 - 3? Is there a method call? How can the properties in 4 be altered - using configuration and dynamically? if known - Where is there info (web site) on this that I can read - I have looked without much success.

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• What is really happening when we change encoding in a string?

  - by Jim Thio

  http://php.net/manual/en/function.mb-convert-encoding.php Say I do: $encoded = mb_convert_encoding ($original); That looks like simple enough. WHat I am imagining is the following $original has a pointer to the way the string is actually encoded. Something like char * kind of thing. And then there are things like what the character actually encoded. It's probably somewhere along UTF-64 kind of thing where each glyph is indeed a character. Now when we do $encoded = mb_convert_encoding ($original); several thing can happen: the original internal representation doesn't change however it is REINTERPRETED so that the code that show up differs the original string that it represent doesn't change however the ENCODING change. Which one is right?

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• Open Source vs. Closed Source? Which one to choose? [closed]

  - by Rafal Chmiel

  So far, I was always creating open-source applications (or didn't publish them at all) because it was free for me to create a new CodePlex project, and upload everything. Couple of days ago I started wandering what kind of apps should I make, closed or open source. I can see "cons" and "pros" in both such as the ones below: Open Source: Pro, free project hosting (CodePlex is excellent for .NET app updates. ClickOnce etc) Pro, free help such as developers and designers Con, people can get your source code and (sometimes) use some of your code in their apps and make money Con, companies such as Microsoft, Twitter or Tumblr won't be looking forward in buying your project (like for example Twitter bought TweetDeck - TweetDeck being a closed source AIR application, of course) Closed Source: Pro, it's harder for people to copy your idea without the source code Pro, you're more likely to get acquired/bought by companies Con, no free hosting - you have to have a website to do so (not good for updates) Con, no free help What do you think? What do you think I should choose?

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• Switch encoding of terminal with a command

  - by Tomas Lycken

  One of the servers I quite often ssh to uses western encoding instead of utf-8 (and there's no way I can change that). I've started writing a bash script to connect to this server, so I won't have to type out the entire address every time, but I would like to improve this script so it also changes the encoding of the terminal window correctly. The change I need to do can be performed using the mouse by navigating to "Terminal"-"Set Character Encoding..."-"Western (ISO-8859-1)". Is there a terminal command that does the same thing, for the current terminal window/screen? To clarify: I'm not interested in ways of switching the locale of the system on the remote site - that system is administered by someone else, and I have no idea what stuff might depend on the latin-1 encoding there. What I want to do is to let this terminal window on my side switch character encoding to the above mentioned, in the same way I can do with my mouse and the menus.

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• Source-to-source compiler framework wanted

  - by cheungcc_2000

  Dear all, I used to use OpenC++ (http://opencxx.sourceforge.net/opencxx/html/overview.html) to perform code generation like: Source: class MyKeyword A { public: void myMethod(inarg double x, inarg const std::vector<int>& y, outarg double& z); }; Generated: class A { public: void myMethod(const string& x, double& y); // generated method below: void _myMehtod(const string& serializedInput, string& serializedOutput) { double x; std::vector<int> y; // deserialized x and y from serializedInput double z; myMethod(x, y, z); } }; This kind of code generation directly matches the use case in the tutorial of OpenC++ (http://www.csg.is.titech.ac.jp/~chiba/opencxx/tutorial.pdf) by writing a meta-level program for handling "MyKeyword", "inarg" and "outarg" and performing the code generation. However, OpenC++ is sort of out-of-date and inactive now, and my code generator can only work on g++ 3.2 and it triggers error on parsing header files of g++ of higher version. I have looked at VivaCore, but it does not provide the infra-structure for compiling meta-level program. I'm also looking at LLVM, but I cannot find documentation that tutor me on working out my source-to-source compilation usage. I'm also aware of the ROSE compiler framework, but I'm not sure whether it suits my usage, and whether its proprietary C++ front-end binary can be used in a commercial product, and whether a Windows version is available. Any comments and pointers to specific tutorial/paper/documentation are much appreciated.

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• Open Source but not Free Software (or vice versa)

  - by TRiG

  The definition of "Free Software" from the Free Software Foundation: “Free software” is a matter of liberty, not price. To understand the concept, you should think of “free” as in “free speech,” not as in “free beer.” Free software is a matter of the users' freedom to run, copy, distribute, study, change and improve the software. More precisely, it means that the program's users have the four essential freedoms: The freedom to run the program, for any purpose (freedom 0). The freedom to study how the program works, and change it to make it do what you wish (freedom 1). Access to the source code is a precondition for this. The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor (freedom 2). The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to others (freedom 3). By doing this you can give the whole community a chance to benefit from your changes. Access to the source code is a precondition for this. A program is free software if users have all of these freedoms. Thus, you should be free to redistribute copies, either with or without modifications, either gratis or charging a fee for distribution, to anyone anywhere. Being free to do these things means (among other things) that you do not have to ask or pay for permission to do so. The definition of "Open Source Software" from the Open Source Initiative: Open source doesn't just mean access to the source code. The distribution terms of open-source software must comply with the following criteria: Free Redistribution The license shall not restrict any party from selling or giving away the software as a component of an aggregate software distribution containing programs from several different sources. The license shall not require a royalty or other fee for such sale. Source Code The program must include source code, and must allow distribution in source code as well as compiled form. Where some form of a product is not distributed with source code, there must be a well-publicized means of obtaining the source code for no more than a reasonable reproduction cost preferably, downloading via the Internet without charge. The source code must be the preferred form in which a programmer would modify the program. Deliberately obfuscated source code is not allowed. Intermediate forms such as the output of a preprocessor or translator are not allowed. Derived Works The license must allow modifications and derived works, and must allow them to be distributed under the same terms as the license of the original software. Integrity of The Author's Source Code The license may restrict source-code from being distributed in modified form only if the license allows the distribution of "patch files" with the source code for the purpose of modifying the program at build time. The license must explicitly permit distribution of software built from modified source code. The license may require derived works to carry a different name or version number from the original software. No Discrimination Against Persons or Groups The license must not discriminate against any person or group of persons. No Discrimination Against Fields of Endeavor The license must not restrict anyone from making use of the program in a specific field of endeavor. For example, it may not restrict the program from being used in a business, or from being used for genetic research. Distribution of License The rights attached to the program must apply to all to whom the program is redistributed without the need for execution of an additional license by those parties. License Must Not Be Specific to a Product The rights attached to the program must not depend on the program's being part of a particular software distribution. If the program is extracted from that distribution and used or distributed within the terms of the program's license, all parties to whom the program is redistributed should have the same rights as those that are granted in conjunction with the original software distribution. License Must Not Restrict Other Software The license must not place restrictions on other software that is distributed along with the licensed software. For example, the license must not insist that all other programs distributed on the same medium must be open-source software. License Must Be Technology-Neutral No provision of the license may be predicated on any individual technology or style of interface. These definitions, although they derive from very different ideologies, are broadly compatible, and most Free Software is also Open Source Software and vice versa. I believe, however, that it is possible for this not to be the case: It is possible for software to be Open Source without being Free, or to be Free without being Open Source. Questions Is my belief correct? Is it possible for software to fall into one camp and not the other? Does any such software actually exist? Please give examples. Clarification I've already accepted an answer now, but I seem to have confused a lot of people, so perhaps a clarification is in order. I was not asking about the difference between copyleft (or "viral", though I don't like that term) and non-copyleft ("permissive") licenses. Nor was I asking about your personal idiosyncratic definitions of "Free" and "Open". I was asking about "Free Software as defined by the FSF" and "Open Source Software as defined by the OSI". Are the two always the same? Is it possible to be one without being the other? And the answer, it seems, is that it's impossible to be Free without being Open, but possible to be Open without being Free. Thank you everyone who actually answered the question.

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• How to detect the character encoding of a text file?

  - by Cédric Boivin

  I try to detect which character encoding is used in my file. I try with this code to get the standard encoding public static Encoding GetFileEncoding(string srcFile) { // *** Use Default of Encoding.Default (Ansi CodePage) Encoding enc = Encoding.Default; // *** Detect byte order mark if any - otherwise assume default byte[] buffer = new byte[5]; FileStream file = new FileStream(srcFile, FileMode.Open); file.Read(buffer, 0, 5); file.Close(); if (buffer[0] == 0xef && buffer[1] == 0xbb && buffer[2] == 0xbf) enc = Encoding.UTF8; else if (buffer[0] == 0xfe && buffer[1] == 0xff) enc = Encoding.Unicode; else if (buffer[0] == 0 && buffer[1] == 0 && buffer[2] == 0xfe && buffer[3] == 0xff) enc = Encoding.UTF32; else if (buffer[0] == 0x2b && buffer[1] == 0x2f && buffer[2] == 0x76) enc = Encoding.UTF7; else if (buffer[0] == 0xFE && buffer[1] == 0xFF) // 1201 unicodeFFFE Unicode (Big-Endian) enc = Encoding.GetEncoding(1201); else if (buffer[0] == 0xFF && buffer[1] == 0xFE) // 1200 utf-16 Unicode enc = Encoding.GetEncoding(1200); return enc; } My five first byte are 60, 118, 56, 46 and 49. Is there a chart that shows which encoding matches those five first bytes?

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• How relevant is UTF-7 when it comes to parsing emails?

  - by J. Pablo Fernández

  I recently implemented incoming emails for an application and boy, did I open the gates of hell? Since then every other day an email arrives that makes the app fail in a different way. One of those things is emails encoded as UTF-7. Most emails come as ASCII, some of the Latin encodings, or thankfully, UTF-8. Hotmail error messages (like email address doesn't exist or quota exceeded) seem to come as UTF-7. Unfortunately, UTF-7 is not an encoding Ruby understands: > "hello world".encode("utf-8", "utf-7") Encoding::ConverterNotFoundError: code converter not found (UTF-7 to UTF-8) > Encoding::UTF_7 => #<Encoding:UTF-7 (dummy)> My application doesn't crash, it actually handles the email quite well, but it does send me a notification about the potential error. I spent some time googling and I can't find anyone that implemented the conversion, at least not as a Ruby 1.9.3 Encoding::Converter. So, my question is, since I never got an email with actual content, from an actual person, in UTF-7, how relevant is that encoding? can I safely ignore it?

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• PHP: Detect encoding and make everything UTF-8

  - by marco92w

  Hello! I'm reading out lots of texts from various RSS feeds and inserting them into my database. Of course, there are several different character encodings used in the feeds, e.g. UTF-8 and ISO-8859-1. Unfortunately, there are sometimes problems with the encodings of the texts. Example: 1) The "ß" in "Fußball" should look like this in my database: "Ÿ". If it is a "Ÿ", it is displayed correctly. 2) Sometimes, the "ß" in "Fußball" looks like this in my database: "ß". Then it is displayed wrongly, of course. 3) In other cases, the "ß" is saved as a "ß" - so without any change. Then it is also displayed wrongly. What can I do to avoid the cases 2 and 3? How can I make everything the same encoding, preferably UTF-8? When must I use utf8_encode(), when must I use utf8_decode() (it's clear what the effect is but when must I use the functions?) and when must I do nothing with the input? Can you help me and tell me how to make everything the same encoding? Perhaps with the function mb-detect-encoding()? Can I write a function for this? So my problems are: 1) How to find out what encoding the text uses 2) How to convert it to UTF-8 - whatever the old encoding is Thanks in advance! EDIT: Would a function like this work? function correct_encoding($text) { $current_encoding = mb_detect_encoding($text, 'auto'); $text = iconv($current_encoding, 'UTF-8', $text); return $text; } I've tested it but it doesn't work. What's wrong with it?

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• unknown data encoding

  - by Keyur Shah

  Hi, While i was working with an old application with existing database which is in ms-access contains some strange data encoding such as 48001700030E0F465075465A56525E1100121D04121B565A58 as email address What kind of data encoding is this? i tried base64 but it dosent seems that. Can anybody with previous experience with ms-access could tell me what possible encoding could this be.

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• What is the economic rationale behind programmers who work on a open source project (free) instead of a commercial project (not free)?

  - by Kim Jong Woo

  I can't understand why some people dedicate so much hour into a completely open source project without closing it and yielding greater profit from it. I don't think profiting from your code is evil, I think it's a great motivator. Why do some people feel that commercial software and generating money from it is bad? There seems to be this black and white thinking that open source = good, commercial = bad. I hardly find this convincing, and often commercial companies which are supported by sales produce very good results. An open source software in the same niche can't compete against the corporation. Of course, sometimes this is completely the other way around where private companies produce inferior product compared to open source counterparts. So help me understand, why do programmers open source their code when there is commercial prospects for it? Shouldn't the rational programmer or human being make every effort to capitalize on their opportunity cost? Working on a open source project for months when you could've spent the same number of hours at commidity wage or some other monetary compensation?

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