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• Use of Syntactic Sugar / Built in Functionality

  - by Kyle Rozendo

  I was busy looking deeper into things like multi-threading and deadlocking etc. The book is aimed at both pseudo-code and C code and I was busy looking at implementations for things such as Mutex locks and Monitors. This brought to mind the following; in C# and in fact .NET we have a lot of syntactic sugar for doing things. For instance (.NET 3.5): lock(obj) { body } Is identical to: var temp = obj; Monitor.Enter(temp); try { body } finally { Monitor.Exit(temp); } There are other examples of course, such as the using() {} construct etc. My question is when is it more applicable to "go it alone" and literally code things oneself than to use the "syntactic sugar" in the language? Should one ever use their own ways rather than those of people who are more experienced in the language you're coding in? I recall having to not use a Process object in a using block to help with some multi-threaded issues and infinite looping before. I still feel dirty for not having the using construct in there. Thanks, Kyle

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• Syntactic sugar in PHP with static functions

  - by Anna

  The dilemma I'm facing is: should I use static classes for the components of an application just to get nicer looking API? Example - the "normal" way: // example component class Cache{ abstract function get($k); abstract function set($k, $v); } class APCCache extends Cache{ ... } class application{ function __construct() $this->cache = new APCCache(); } function whatever(){ $this->cache->add('blabla'); print $this->cache->get('blablabla'); } } Notice how ugly is this->cache->.... But it gets waay uglier when you try to make the application extensible trough plugins, because then you have to pass the application instance to its plugins, and you get $this->application->cache->... With static functions: interface CacheAdapter{ abstract function get($k); abstract function set($k, $v); } class Cache{ public static $ad; public function setAdapter(CacheAdapter $a){ static::$ad = $ad; } public static function get($k){ return static::$ad->get($k); } ... } class APCCache implements CacheAdapter{ ... } class application{ function __construct(){ cache::setAdapter(new APCCache); } function whatever() cache::add('blabla', 5); print cache::get('blabla'); } } Here it looks nicer because you just call cache::get() everywhere. The disadvantage is that I loose the possibility to extend this class easily. But I've added a setAdapter method to make the class extensible to some point. I'm relying on the fact that I won't need to rewrite to replace the cache wrapper, ever, and that I won't need to run multiple application instances simultaneously (it's basically a site - and nobody works with two sites at the same time) So, am doing it wrong?

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• Is it possible to call C# lexical/syntactic analyzers without compilation?

  - by abatishchev

  Considering this question of SO, where whole C# in-memory compiler is being called. When only lexical and syntactic analyzing is required: parse text as a stream of lexemes, check them and exit. Is it possible in current version of System.CodeDom.Compiler, if not - will it be?

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• What are all the instances of syntactic sugar in Scala?

  - by Jackson Davis

  I decided to create this question to have a single source for all things syntactic sugar in Scala. I feel these details are some of the things most frustrating to starting users and are hard to search for since most/all of them are purely symbols and are thus hard to search for without knowing the name of the concept. TODO: implicit conversions _ syntax for anonymous functions Extractors(Unapply/UnapplySeq) Other things I'm forgetting

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• How would one go about adding (minor) syntactic sugars to Java?

  - by polygenelubricants

  Suppose I want to add minor syntactic sugars to Java. Just little things like adding regex pattern literals, or perhaps base-2 literals, or multiline strings, etc. Nothing major grammatically (at least for now). How would one go about doing this? Do I need to extend the bytecode compiler? (Is that possible?) Can I write Eclipse plugins to do simple source code transforms before feeding it to the standard Java compiler?

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• mismatchedtoken with antlr syntactic predicates

  - by varzan

  I have the following lexer rules in my grammar file: LINE : 'F' | 'G'; RULE : (('->' ('F' | 'G')) => 'F' | 'G' ) | LINE LINE + | LINE * (ROTATE + LINE+)+ ; fragment ROTATE : ('/' | '\\'); I'm basically trying to match productions that look like F - F/F\F\F/F. It successfully matches stuff like the above, but I'm guessing there's a problem with my syntactic predicate, since G - G produces a MismatchedTokenException. The predicate serves to disambiguate between single letters on the lhs of '-', which I want to be recognized as the LINE token, and those on the rhs, which should be RULEs. Any idea what I'm doing wrong?

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• ruby syntactic sugar: dealing with nils..

  - by luca

  probably asked already but I couldn't find it.. here are 2 common situation (for me while programming rails..) that are frustrating to write in ruby: "a string".match(/abc(.+)abc/)[1] in this case I get an error because the string doesn't match, therefore the [] operator is called upon nil. What I'd like to find is a nicer alternative to the following: temp="a string".match(/abc(.+)abc/); temp.nil? ? nil : temp[1] in brief, if it didn't match simply return nil without the error The second situation is this one: var = something.very.long.and.tedious.to.write var = something.other if var.nil? In this case I want to assign something to var only if it's not nil, in case it's nil I'll assign something.other.. Any suggestion? Thanks!

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• How to use Fluent style syntactic sugar with c# property declaration

  - by Thomas

  i never use fluent style code before. so first time i tried to develop Fluent style with c# property declaration but getting error. can any one help me. public class MailTemplate { string _MailBody = ""; public MailTemplate MailBody { get { return _MailBody; } set { _MailBody = value ; } } string _Subject = ""; public MailTemplate Subject { get { return _Subject; } set { _Subject = value; } } string _MailFrom = ""; public MailTemplate MailFrom { get { return _MailFrom; } set { _MailFrom = value; } } } please help me how could assign or initialize mail body and later also can read with same property name. i think proeprty can not be use in case of fluent style development. need some light here. thanks

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• Looking for a syntactic shortcut for accessing dictionaries

  - by Sisiutl

  I have an abstract base class that holds a Dictionary. I'd like inherited classes to be able to access the dictionary fields using a convenient syntax. Currently I have lots of code like this: string temp; int val; if (this.Fields.TryGetValue("Key", out temp)) { if (int.TryParse(temp, out val)) { // do something with val... } } Obviously I can wrap this in utility functions but I'd like to have a cool, convenient syntax for accessing the dictionary fields where I can simply say something like: int result = @Key; Is there any way to do something like this in C# (3.5)?

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• Why would you use "AS" when aliasing a SQL table?

  - by froadie

  I just came across a SQL statement that uses AS to alias tables, like this: SELECT all, my, stuff FROM someTableName AS a INNER JOIN someOtherTableName AS b ON a.id = b.id What I'm used to seeing is: SELECT all, my, stuff FROM someTableName a INNER JOIN someOtherTableName b ON a.id = b.id I'm assuming there's no difference and it's just syntactic sugar, but which of these is more prevalent/wide-spread? Is there any reason to prefer one over the other?

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• Does this feature exist? Defining my own curly brackets in C#

  - by Carlos

  You'll appreciate the following two syntactic sugars: lock(obj) { //Code } same as: Monitor.Enter(obj) try { //Code } finally { Monitor.Exit(obj) } and using(var adapt = new adapter()){ //Code2 } same as: var adapt= new adapter() try{ //Code2 } finally{ adapt.Dispose() } Clearly the first example in each case is more readable. Is there a way to define this kind of thing myself, either in the C# language, or in the IDE? The reason I ask is that there are many similar usages (of the long kind) that would benefit from this, eg. if you're using ReaderWriterLockSlim, you want something pretty similar.

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• Serve up syntactic XHTML5 using the text/html MIME type?

  - by cboettig

  I have a site currently written with HTML5 tags. I'd like to be able to parse the site as XML, with support for namespaces, etc, to facilitate programmatic extraction of data. Currently I have <!DOCTYPE html> and <meta charset="utf-8"> Which I gather is equivalent in HTML5 to explicitly setting the content-types as <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> for my current setup. In order to serve XML it sounds like the right thing to do is <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> Should I also change my Content-Type to <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="application/xhtml+xml; charset=iso-8859-1" /> Or is that not necessary? What is the advantage of having content-type be "application/xhtml+xml"? What is the disadvantage? (Sounds like it may break internet explorer rendering of the site? but maybe that information is out of date now?) Many thanks!

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• Assignment in python for loop possible?

  - by flyingcrab

  I have a dictionary d (and a seperate sorted list of keys, keys). I wanted the loop to only process entries where the value is False - so i tried the following: for key in keys and not d[key]: #do foo I suppose my understanding of python sytax is not what i thought it was - because the assignment doesnt suppose to have happened above, and a i get an instanciation error. The below works of course, but I'd really like to be able to use something like the code above.. possible? for key in keys: if d[key]: continue #foo time! Thanks!

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• Java for each vs regular for -- are they equivalent?

  - by polygenelubricants

  Are these two constructs equivalent? char[] arr = new char[5]; for (char x : arr) { // code goes here } Compared to: char[] arr = new char[5]; for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) { char x = arr[i]; // code goes here } That is, if I put exactly the same code in the body of both loops (and they compile), will they behave exactly the same??? Full disclaimer: this was inspired by another question (Java: are these 2 codes the same). My answer there turned out not to be the answer, but I feel that the exact semantics of Java for-each has some nuances that needs pointing out.

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• WITH statement in Java

  - by Mike Clark

  In VB.NET there is the WITH command that lets you omit an object name and only access the methods and properties needed. For example: With foo .bar() .reset(true) myVar = .getName() End With Is there any such syntax within Java? Thanks!

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• Is there an implementation of rapid concurrent syntactical sugar in scala? eg. map-reduce

  - by TiansHUo

  Passing messages around with actors is great. But I would like to have even easier code. Examples (Pseudo-code) val splicedList:List[List[Int]]=biglist.partition(100) val sum:Int=ActorPool.numberOfActors(5).getAllResults(splicedList,foldLeft(_+_)) where spliceIntoParts turns one big list into 100 small lists the numberofactors part, creates a pool which uses 5 actors and receives new jobs after a job is finished and getallresults uses a method on a list. all this done with messages passing in the background. where maybe getFirstResult, calculates the first result, and stops all other threads (like cracking a password)

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• What is the purpose of Java's unary plus operator?

  - by Syntactic

  Java's unary plus operator appears to have come over from C, via C++. As near as I can tell, it has the following effects: promotes its operand to int, if it's not already an int or wider unboxes its operand, if it's a wrapper object complicates slightly the parsing of evil expressions containing large numbers of consecutive plus signs It seems to me that there are better (or, at least, clearer) ways to do all of these things. In this SO question, concerning the counterpart operator in C#, someone said that "It's there to be overloaded if you feel the need." But in Java, one cannot overload any operator. So does this operator exist in Java just because it existed in C++?

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• What is the advantage of currying?

  - by Mad Scientist

  I just learned about currying, and while I think I understand the concept, I'm not seeing any big advantage in using it. As a trivial example I use a function that adds two values (written in ML). The version without currying would be fun add(x, y) = x + y and would be called as add(3, 5) while the curried version is fun add x y = x + y (* short for val add = fn x => fn y=> x + y *) and would be called as add 3 5 It seems to me to be just syntactic sugar that removes one set of parentheses from defining and calling the function. I've seen currying listed as one of the important features of a functional languages, and I'm a bit underwhelmed by it at the moment. The concept of creating a chain of functions that consume each a single parameter, instead of a function that takes a tuple seems rather complicated to use for a simple change of syntax. Is the slightly simpler syntax the only motivation for currying, or am I missing some other advantages that are not obvious in my very simple example? Is currying just syntactic sugar?

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• Etiquette for refactoring other people's sourcecode?

  - by Prutswonder

  Our team of software developers consists of a bunch of experienced programmers with a variety of programming styles and preferences. We do not have standards for everything, just the bare necessities to prevent total chaos. Recently, I bumped into some refactoring done by a colleague. My code looked somewhat like this: public Person CreateNewPerson(string firstName, string lastName) { var person = new Person() { FirstName = firstName, LastName = lastName }; return person; } Which was refactored to this: public Person CreateNewPerson (string firstName, string lastName) { Person person = new Person (); person.FirstName = firstName; person.LastName = lastName; return person; } Just because my colleague needed to update some other method in one of the classes I wrote, he also "refactored" the method above. For the record, he's one of those developers that despises syntactic sugar and uses a different bracket placement/identation scheme than the rest of us. My question is: What is the (C#) programmer's etiquette for refactoring other people's sourcecode (both semantic and syntactic)?

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• emacs debugger: how can I step-out, step-over ?

  - by Cheeso

  I don't know why I'm having so much trouble groking the documentation for the elisp debugger. I see it has a commands to "step-into" (d). But for the life of me, I cannot see a step-out or step-over. Can anyone help? If I have this in the Backtrace buffer: Debugger entered--returning value: 5047 line-beginning-position() * c-parse-state() * byte-code("...") * c-guess-basic-syntax() c-show-syntactic-information(nil) call-interactively(c-show-syntactic-information) ...where do I put the cursor, and what key do I type, to step out of the parse-state() fn ? by that I mean, run until that fn returns, and then stop in the debugger again.

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• Are there any memorization techniques that exist for programmers? [closed]

  - by Akromyk

  I just watched this video on Ted.com entitled: Joshua Foer: Feats of memory anyone can do and it got me thinking about memory from a programmers perspective. There are so many abstract concepts and syntactic nuances we encounter daily, and yet we still manage to remember enough information to be productive. The memory palace may help in remembering someone's name or a random story but are there any memorization techniques that can better aid programmers?

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• What are the pros and cons of Coffeescript?

  - by Philip

  Of course one big pro is the amount of syntactic sugar leading to shorter code in a lot of cases. On http://jashkenas.github.com/coffee-script/ there are impressive examples. On the other hand I have doubts that these examples represent code of complex real world applications. In my code for instance I never add functions to bare objects but rather to their prototypes. Moreover the prototype feature is hidden from the user, suggesting classical OOP rather than idiomatic Javascript. The array comprehension example would look in my code probably like this: cubes = $.map(list, math.cube); // which is 8 characters less using jQuery...

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• F# for the C# Programmer

  - by mbcrump

  Are you a C# Programmer and can’t make it past a day without seeing or hearing someone mention F#?  Today, I’m going to walk you through your first F# application and give you a brief introduction to the language. Sit back this will only take about 20 minutes. Introduction Microsoft's F# programming language is a functional language for the .NET framework that was originally developed at Microsoft Research Cambridge by Don Syme. In October 2007, the senior vice president of the developer division at Microsoft announced that F# was being officially productized to become a fully supported .NET language and professional developers were hired to create a team of around ten people to build the product version. In September 2008, Microsoft released the first Community Technology Preview (CTP), an official beta release, of the F# distribution . In December 2008, Microsoft announced that the success of this CTP had encouraged them to escalate F# and it is now will now be shipped as one of the core languages in Visual Studio 2010 , alongside C++, C# 4.0 and VB. The F# programming language incorporates many state-of-the-art features from programming language research and ossifies them in an industrial strength implementation that promises to revolutionize interactive, parallel and concurrent programming. Advantages of F# F# is the world's first language to combine all of the following features: Type inference: types are inferred by the compiler and generic definitions are created automatically. Algebraic data types: a succinct way to represent trees. Pattern matching: a comprehensible and efficient way to dissect data structures. Active patterns: pattern matching over foreign data structures. Interactive sessions: as easy to use as Python and Mathematica. High performance JIT compilation to native code: as fast as C#. Rich data structures: lists and arrays built into the language with syntactic support. Functional programming: first-class functions and tail calls. Expressive static type system: finds bugs during compilation and provides machine-verified documentation. Sequence expressions: interrogate huge data sets efficiently. Asynchronous workflows: syntactic support for monadic style concurrent programming with cancellations. Industrial-strength IDE support: multithreaded debugging, and graphical throwback of inferred types and documentation. Commerce friendly design and a viable commercial market. Lets try a short program in C# then F# to understand the differences. Using C#: Create a variable and output the value to the console window: Sample Program. using System;   namespace ConsoleApplication9 {     class Program     {         static void Main(string[] args)         {             var a = 2;             Console.WriteLine(a);             Console.ReadLine();         }     } } A breeze right? 14 Lines of code. We could have condensed it a bit by removing the “using” statment and tossing the namespace. But this is the typical C# program. Using F#: Create a variable and output the value to the console window: To start, open Visual Studio 2010 or Visual Studio 2008. Note: If using VS2008, then please download the SDK first before getting started. If you are using VS2010 then you are already setup and ready to go. So, click File-> New Project –> Other Languages –> Visual F# –> Windows –> F# Application. You will get the screen below. Go ahead and enter a name and click OK. Now, you will notice that the Solution Explorer contains the following: Double click the Program.fs and enter the following information. Hit F5 and it should run successfully. Sample Program. open System let a = 2        Console.WriteLine a As Shown below: Hmm, what? F# did the same thing in 3 lines of code. Show me the interactive evaluation that I keep hearing about. The F# development environment for Visual Studio 2010 provides two different modes of execution for F# code: Batch compilation to a .NET executable or DLL. (This was accomplished above). Interactive evaluation. (Demo is below) The interactive session provides a > prompt, requires a double semicolon ;; identifier at the end of a code snippet to force evaluation, and returns the names (if any) and types of resulting definitions and values. To access the F# prompt, in VS2010 Goto View –> Other Window then F# Interactive. Once you have the interactive window type in the following expression: 2+3;; as shown in the screenshot below: I hope this guide helps you get started with the language, please check out the following books for further information. F# Books for further reading   Foundations of F# Author: Robert Pickering An introduction to functional programming with F#. Including many samples, this book walks through the features of the F# language and libraries, and covers many of the .NET Framework features which can be leveraged with F#.       Functional Programming for the Real World: With Examples in F# and C# Authors: Tomas Petricek and Jon Skeet An introduction to functional programming for existing C# developers written by Tomas Petricek and Jon Skeet. This book explains the core principles using both C# and F#, shows how to use functional ideas when designing .NET applications and presents practical examples such as design of domain specific language, development of multi-core applications and programming of reactive applications.

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• QotD: Peter Wayner on Programming trend No. 1

  - by $utils.escapeXML($entry.author)

  Programming trend No. 1: The JVM is not just for Java anymoreA long time ago, Sun created Java and shared the virtual machine with the world. By the time Microsoft created C#, people recognized that the VM didn't have to be limited to one language. Anything that could be transformed into the byte code could use it.Now, it seems that everyone is building their language to do just that. Leave the job of building a virtual machine to Sun/Oracle, and concentrate your efforts on the syntactic bells and structural whistles, goes the mantra today.Peter Wayner in an article on "11 programming trends to watch" at ITWorld.

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• What's the difference between Scala and Red Hat's Ceylon language?

  - by John Bryant

  Red Hat's Ceylon language has some interesting improvements over Java: The overall vision: learn from Java's mistakes, keep the good, ditch the bad The focus on readability and ease of learning/use Static Typing (find errors at compile time, not run time) No “special” types, everything is an object Named and Optional parameters (C# 4.0) Nullable types (C# 2.0) No need for explicit getter/setters until you are ready for them (C# 3.0) Type inference via the "local" keyword (C# 3.0 "var") Sequences (arrays) and their accompanying syntactic sugariness (C# 3.0) Straight-forward implementation of higher-order functions I don't know Scala but have heard it offers some similar advantages over Java. How would Scala compare to Ceylon in this respect?

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