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• Same netmask or /32 for secondary IP on Linux

  - by derobert

  There appear to be (at least) two ways to add a secondary IP address to an interface on Linux. By secondary, I mean that it'll accept traffic to the IP address, and responses to connections made to that IP will use it as a source, but any traffic the box originates (e.g., an outgoing TCP connection) will not use the secondary address. Both ways start with adding the primary address, e.g., ip addr add 172.16.8.10/24 dev lan. Then I can add the secondary address with either a netmask of /24 (matching the primary) or /32. If I add it with a /24, it gets flagged secondary, so will not be used as the source of outgoing packets, but that leaves a risk of the two addresses being added in the wrong order by mistake. If I add it with /32, wrong order can't happen, but it doesn't get flagged as secondary, and I'm not sure what the bad effects of that may be. So, I'm wondering, which approach is least likely to break? (If it matters, the main service on this machine is MySQL, but it also runs NFSv3. I'm adding a second machine as a warm standby, and hope to switch between them by changing which owns the secondary IP.)

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• how to force an illegal netmask in ubuntu

  - by user1064232

  I want to force a netmask on my Ubuntu machine. For example, I want 11.0.0.1 to get a netmask of 255.255.255.0 I tried editing /etc/network/interfaces and I forced the desired netmask, but as soon as I restarted the interfaces it changed it back to the default value. When I used ifconfig the netmask that I gave survived the interface restart but it was reset as soon as I rebooted the machine. Is there a way to force an "illegal" netmask on an interface?

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• Cent OS ifcfg configuration for ranges of IP's with different netmask

  - by Aaron Schlegel

  I have 1 set of 30 public IP's with a netmask of 255.255.255.0 and another set of 30 IP's with a netmask of 255.255.255.128. Both sets of IP's also have different gateways. How can I virtually assign the IP's to the machine? I have tried creating ifcfg-eth0:0 ifcfg-eth0:1 ifcfg-eth0:X ect for each IP. Below is my ifcfg file with. I have this for each IP with the correct gateway IP and netmask for each of my 60 IP's. If I do ip addr show it does show all of the 60 addresses with the correct broadcast IP and netmask. However I can only use 30 of my IP's that are from the same netmask. Am I doing this correctly? If the IP's show up with ip addr show does that mean I have correctly assigned them to the machine virtually? I want to check before I blame my hosting company for not routing the IP's correctly. DEVICE="eth0:1" BOOTPROTO="static" DNS1="**.**.**.**" DNS2="**.**.**.**" GATEWAY="2**.**.***.126" HOSTNAME="localhost.localdomain" HWADDR="0*:19:**:**:**:**" IPADDR="2**.*.**.**" IPV6INIT="no" MTU="1500" NETMASK="255.255.255.128" NM_CONTROLLED="yes" ONBOOT="yes" TYPE="Ethernet" Also is there a better way to do this? I have used ifcfg-eth0:0-range1 before to assign a range of IP's from the same netmask. Is it possible to do this with ranges with different netmask? Thanks!

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• What is the netmask equivalent on the verision of route for the Mac

  - by Wes Reing

  In order to create some special routes for debugging I used the following command on my linux server: sudo route add -net 10.78.0.0 netmask 255.255.0.0 gw 10.101.1.1 which works, and sets up the routes I need. But when I run the same command on my Mac I get: route: bad address: netmask I'm guessing that the version of route that is included in OS X requires a different format but I'm at a loss to figure it out.

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• netmask: command not found

  - by Ian R.

  I purchased a new server with a few ip's so I modified the /etc/network/interfaces file recently so that my ip's can go live. While editing that file I created a backup and deleted the original file. I recreated the interfaces file using the touch command and gave +x permissions but now, when trying to restart the interface (/etc/network/interfaces restart) I get all sorts of errors: /etc/network/interfaces: line 10: iface: command not found /etc/network/interfaces: line 11: address: command not found /etc/network/interfaces: line 12: netmask: command not found /etc/network/interfaces: line 13: auto: command not found Can any1 point what I forgot to do? Thanks.

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• How can I programmatically find the IP address/netmask/gateway configured for a specific network dev

  - by Oren S

  Hi I would like to write a piece of code which checks, for each network device (e.g. eth0, lo, master devices) some statistics and configuration data about that device. I could find the statistics data (and most of the configuration data) in /sys/class/net/..., however, I couldn't find any C/C++ API or any entry in procfs/sysfs listing the inet addr, netmask and gateway. Some alternatives I checked: parsing the output from ifconfig/route/some other utilities: I don't want to start a subprocess every time I need to do the inspection. parsing /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/: will give me only the start-up configuration, and not the current state. Also, since this code is intended for a product in my workplace, where every external library is inspected thoroughly (meaning it will take me forever to add any external library) I prefer solutions which rely on Linux native API and not external libraries. Thanks!

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• Algorithm for non-contiguous netmask match

  - by Gianluca

  Hi, I have to write a really really fast algorithm to match an IP address to a list of groups, where each group is defined using a notation like 192.168.0.0/252.255.0.255. As you can see, the bitmask can contain zeros even in the middle, so the traditional "longest prefix match" algorithms won't work. If an IP matches two groups, it will be assigned to the group containing most 1's in the netmask. I'm not working with many entries (let's say < 1000) and I don't want to use a data structure requiring a large memory footprint (let's say 1-2 MB), but it really has to be fast (of course I can't afford a linear search). Do you have any suggestion? Thanks guys. UPDATE: I found something quite interesting at http://www.cse.usf.edu/~ligatti/papers/grouper-conf.pdf, but it's still too memory-hungry for my utopic use case

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• Why can't my networks reach each other?

  - by HOLOGRAPHICpizza

  We have two Buffalo WZR-HP-G300NH2 routers, with the default firmware, DD-WRT v24SP2-MULTI (10/31/11) std - build 17798. Each has a separate cable internet connection with a public static IP address. They are both in the 24.123.68.0/24 space. Both of them can contact pretty much the whole internet, and they can both be accessed out on the internet with no problem, but for some reason they can't talk to each other! When I try to ping one from the other I always get "Destination Host Unreachable". There are no strange routing or firewall rules in place. And they are both set to respond to pings, I can ping them from outside. Our main IT guy is going to call our ISP on Monday, but I'm impatient, so does anyone have any ideas?

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• Why can't all zeros in the host portion of IP address be used for a host?

  - by Grezzo

  I know that if I have a network 83.23.159.0/24 then I have 254 usable host IP addresses because: 83.23.159.0 (in binary: host portion all zeros) is the subnet address 83.23.159.1-254 are host addresses 83.23.159.255 (in binary: host portion all ones) is the broadcast address I understand the use for a broadcast address, but I don't understand what the subnet address is ever used for. I can't see any reason that an IP packet's destination address would be set to the subnet address, so why does the subnet itself need an address if it is never going to be the endpoint for AN IP flow? To me it seems like a waste to not allow this address to be used as a host address. To summarise, my questions are: Is an IP packet's destination ever set to the subnet IP address? If yes, in what cases and why? If no, then why not free up that address for any host to use?

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• Wireless Bridge -DHCP

  - by Usta

  I was thinking of picking up a couple of TP-Link wireless routers, and setting them to bridge. I have a sep. LAN network that would have one of them, and I'd put one on my internet connection. Would I be able to keep my current IP subnets? (255.255.255.0 and 255.0.0.0) or would I have to pull my IPs from the same IP range. (I want to keep my current DHCP servers in place) The reason I want a bridge is so that I can VPN into the internal network.

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• CARP: two machines think they're the master, but only on one interface

  - by Conor McDermottroe

  I have two machines, each configured identically as a firewall/load balancer for a busy website. I have set them up with CARP and pfsync on both the internal and external interfaces. The internal interface is behaving as expected (primary listed as MASTER and secondary listed as BACKUP) On both machines, the network interfaces are as follows: em0 - External interface bge0 - Internal interface bge1 - Crossover connection between both machines carp0 - Shared external interface for CARP carp1 - Shared internal interface for CARP I've rewritten the IP addresses and MAC addresses below. The networks are as follows: 10.0.1.0/24 - External network 10.0.2.0/24 - Internal network 10.0.3.0/24 - Crossover network Here's the output from ifconfig on the primary: em0: flags=8943<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,PROMISC,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500 options=19b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING,VLAN_HWCSUM,TSO4> ether [SNIP] inet 10.0.1.10 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 10.0.1.255 media: Ethernet 100baseTX <full-duplex> status: active bge0: flags=8943<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,PROMISC,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500 options=9b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING,VLAN_HWCSUM> ether [SNIP] inet 10.0.2.10 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 10.0.2.255 media: Ethernet 1000baseT <full-duplex> status: active bge1: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500 options=9b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING,VLAN_HWCSUM> ether [SNIP] inet 10.0.3.10 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 10.0.3.255 media: Ethernet 1000baseT <full-duplex> status: active lo0: flags=80c9<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,NOARP,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 16384 options=3<RXCSUM,TXCSUM> inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x4 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000 pflog0: flags=141<UP,RUNNING,PROMISC> metric 0 mtu 33152 pfsync0: flags=0<> metric 0 mtu 1460 pfsync: syncdev: bge1 syncpeer: 10.0.3.11 maxupd: 128 carp0: flags=49<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> metric 0 mtu 1500 inet 10.0.1.5 netmask 0xffffff00 carp: MASTER vhid 1 advbase 1 advskew 0 carp1: flags=49<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> metric 0 mtu 1500 inet 10.0.2.5 netmask 0xffffff00 carp: MASTER vhid 2 advbase 1 advskew 0 And here's the /etc/rc.conf excerpt from the primary: defaultrouter="10.0.1.1" network_interfaces="em0 bge0 bge1 lo0 pfsync0" cloned_interfaces="carp0 carp1" ifconfig_em0="inet 10.0.1.10 netmask 255.255.255.0 media 100BaseTX mediaopt full-duplex" ifconfig_bge0="inet 10.0.2.10 netmask 255.255.255.0 media 1000BaseTX mediaopt full-duplex" ifconfig_bge1="inet 10.0.3.10 netmask 255.255.255.0 media 1000BaseTX mediaopt full-duplex" ifconfig_carp0="vhid 1 pass [SNIP] 10.0.1.5/24" ifconfig_carp1="vhid 2 pass [SNIP] 10.0.2.5/24" pfsync_enable="YES" pfsync_syncdev="bge1" pfsync_syncpeer="10.0.3.11" And here's the output on the secondary: em0: flags=8943<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,PROMISC,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500 options=19b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING,VLAN_HWCSUM,TSO4> ether [SNIP] inet 10.0.1.11 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 10.0.1.255 media: Ethernet 100baseTX <full-duplex> status: active bge0: flags=8943<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,PROMISC,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500 options=9b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING,VLAN_HWCSUM> ether [SNIP] inet 10.0.2.11 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 10.0.2.255 media: Ethernet 1000baseT <full-duplex> status: active bge1: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500 options=9b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING,VLAN_HWCSUM> ether [SNIP] inet 10.0.3.11 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 10.0.3.255 media: Ethernet 1000baseT <full-duplex> status: active lo0: flags=80c9<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,NOARP,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 16384 options=3<RXCSUM,TXCSUM> inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x4 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000 pflog0: flags=141<UP,RUNNING,PROMISC> metric 0 mtu 33152 pfsync0: flags=0<> metric 0 mtu 1460 pfsync: syncdev: bge1 syncpeer: 10.0.3.10 maxupd: 128 carp0: flags=49<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> metric 0 mtu 1500 inet 10.0.1.5 netmask 0xffffff00 carp: MASTER vhid 1 advbase 1 advskew 20 carp1: flags=49<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> metric 0 mtu 1500 inet 10.0.2.5 netmask 0xffffff00 carp: BACKUP vhid 2 advbase 1 advskew 20 And here's the /etc/rc.conf excerpt from the secondary: defaultrouter="10.0.1.1" network_interfaces="em0 bge0 bge1 lo0 pfsync0" cloned_interfaces="carp0 carp1" ifconfig_em0="inet 10.0.1.11 netmask 255.255.255.0 media 100BaseTX mediaopt full-duplex" ifconfig_bge0="inet 10.0.2.11 netmask 255.255.255.0 media 1000BaseTX mediaopt full-duplex" ifconfig_bge1="inet 10.0.3.11 netmask 255.255.255.0 media 1000BaseTX mediaopt full-duplex" ifconfig_carp0="vhid 1 pass [SNIP] advskew 20 10.0.1.5/24" ifconfig_carp1="vhid 2 pass [SNIP] advskew 20 10.0.2.5/24" pfsync_enable="YES" pfsync_syncdev="bge1" pfsync_syncpeer="10.0.3.10" What I don't understand is, the carp status on carp0 is MASTER on both machines when the status on carp1 is as it should be (MASTER on the primary and BACKUP on the secondary). What am I missing? Where should I be looking for clues?

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• ifconfig not showing all IPs bound to the machine

  - by pankaj sharma

  I have configured multiple IP addresses on a ubuntu box, but when I run ifconfig it shows just one of them. I am able, however, to ping all other adresses assigned to this machine. /etc/network/interface contents: # This file describes the network interfaces available on your system # and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5). # The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback # The primary network interface auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.202.11 netmask 255.255.255.0 network 192.168.202.0 broadcast 192.168.202.255 gateway 192.168.202.1 # dns-* options are implemented by the resolvconf package, if installed dns-search idil.dz1.da auto eth0:1 iface eth0:1 inet static address 192.168.202.12 netmask 255.255.255.0 auto eth0:2 iface eth0:2 inet static address 192.168.202.13 netmask 255.255.255.0 auto eth0:3 iface eth0:3 inet static address 192.168.202.14 netmask 255.255.255.0 auto eth0:4 iface eth0:4 inet static address 192.168.202.15 netmask 255.255.255.0 auto eth0:5 iface eth0:5 inet static address 192.168.202.16 netmask 255.255.255.0 but the output of the ifconfig is only: 192.168.202.11

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• Cisco ASA not forwarding traffic from one interface to another

  - by Antoine Benkemoun

  Hello ServerFault, I am needing help in the configuration process of my Cisco ASA 5510. I have set up 4 Cisco ASA interconnected together via a big LAN. Each Cisco ASA has 3 or 4 LANs attached to them. The IP routing part is taken care of by OSPF. My problem is on another level. A computer connected to one of the LANs attached to an ASA has no problem communicating with the outside world. The outside world being anything "after" the ASA. My problem is that I am completely unable to have them communicate with another LAN connected to the same ASA. To rephrase this, I am unable to send traffic from one interface of a given ASA to another interface of the same ASA. My configuration is the following : ! hostname Fuji ! interface Ethernet0/0 speed 100 duplex full nameif outside security-level 0 ip address 10.0.0.2 255.255.255.0 no shutdown ! interface Ethernet0/1 speed 100 duplex full nameif cs4 no shutdown security-level 100 ip address 10.1.4.1 255.255.255.0 ! interface Ethernet0/2 speed 100 duplex full no shutdown ! interface Ethernet0/2.15 vlan 15 nameif cs5 security-level 100 ip address 10.1.5.1 255.255.255.0 ! interface Ethernet0/2.16 vlan 16 nameif cs6 security-level 100 ip address 10.1.6.1 255.255.255.0 ! interface Management0/0 speed 100 duplex full nameif management security-level 100 ip address 10.6.0.252 255.255.255.0 ! access-list nat_cs4 extended permit ip 10.1.4.0 255.255.255.0 any access-list acl_cs4 extended permit ip 10.1.4.0 255.255.255.0 any access-list nat_cs5 extended permit ip 10.1.5.0 255.255.255.0 any access-list acl_cs5 extended permit ip 10.1.5.0 255.255.255.0 any access-list nat_cs6 extended permit ip 10.1.6.0 255.255.255.0 any access-list acl_cs6 extended permit ip 10.1.6.0 255.255.255.0 any ! access-list nat_outside extended permit ip any any access-list acl_outside extended permit ip any 10.1.4.0 255.255.255.0 access-list acl_outside extended permit ip any 10.1.5.0 255.255.255.0 access-list acl_outside extended permit ip any 10.1.6.0 255.255.255.0 ! nat (outside) 0 access-list nat_outside nat (cs4) 0 access-list nat_cs4 nat (cs5) 0 access-list nat_cs5 nat (cs6) 0 access-list nat_cs6 ! static (outside,cs4) 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 netmask 0.0.0.0 static (outside,cs5) 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 netmask 0.0.0.0 static (outside,cs6) 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 netmask 0.0.0.0 ! static (cs4,outside) 10.1.4.0 10.1.4.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 static (cs4,cs5) 10.1.4.0 10.1.4.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 static (cs4,cs6) 10.1.4.0 10.1.4.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 ! static (cs5,outside) 10.1.5.0 10.1.5.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 static (cs5,cs4) 10.1.5.0 10.1.5.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 static (cs5,cs6) 10.1.5.0 10.1.5.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 ! static (cs6,outside) 10.1.6.0 10.1.6.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 static (cs6,cs4) 10.1.6.0 10.1.6.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 static (cs6,cs5) 10.1.6.0 10.1.6.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 ! access-group acl_outside in interface outside access-group acl_cs4 in interface cs4 access-group acl_cs5 in interface cs5 access-group acl_cs6 in interface cs6 ! router ospf 1 network 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 area 1 network 10.1.4.0 255.255.255.0 area 1 network 10.1.5.0 255.255.255.0 area 1 network 10.1.6.0 255.255.255.0 area 1 log-adj-changes ! There is nothing really complicated in this configuration. It just NATs from one interface to another and that's it. I have tried enabling same-security-traffic permit inter-interface but that doesn't help. I therefore must be missing something a little bit more complicated. Does anyone know why I cannot foward traffic from one interface to another ? Thank you in advance for your help, Antoine

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• What's the best way to convert from network bitcount to netmask?

  - by Choy

  For example, if I have a network spec like 172.20.10.0/24, "24" is the bitcount. What's the best way to convert that to a netmask like 0xffffff00 ?

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• Cisco ASA5505 8.2 Multiple Outside IP to Multiple Inside IP

  - by GriffJ

  Trying to setup ASA5505. Semi working but having issues with accessing services from the outside. ASA5505 Basic License, Version 8.2. (plus upgrade to unlimited inside hosts). Alert: I'm a Cisco Noob. 321.321.39.X is a place holder for privacy. I came up with this config and tested it tonight. ASA Version 8.2(1) ! hostname <removed> domain-name <removed> enable password <removed> encrypted passwd <removed> encrypted names ! interface Vlan1 nameif inside security-level 100 ip address 172.21.36.1 255.255.252.0 ! interface Vlan2 nameif outside security-level 0 ip address 321.321.39.10 255.255.255.248 ! interface Ethernet0/0 switchport access vlan 2 ! interface Ethernet0/1 ! interface Ethernet0/2 ! interface Ethernet0/3 ! interface Ethernet0/4 ! interface Ethernet0/5 ! interface Ethernet0/6 ! interface Ethernet0/7 ! ftp mode passive dns server-group DefaultDNS domain-name <removed> access-list outside_inbound extended permit tcp any host 321.321.39.10 eq pptp access-list outside_inbound extended permit tcp any host 321.321.39.11 eq https access-list outside_inbound extended permit tcp any host 321.321.39.11 eq 993 access-list outside_inbound extended permit tcp any host 321.321.39.11 eq smtp access-list outside_inbound extended permit tcp any host 321.321.39.11 eq 1001 access-list outside_inbound extended permit tcp any host 321.321.39.11 eq 465 access-list outside_inbound extended permit tcp any host 321.321.39.11 eq domain access-list outside_inbound extended permit udp any eq domain host 321.321.39.11 eq domain access-list outside_inbound extended permit tcp any host 321.321.39.12 eq www access-list outside_inbound extended permit tcp any host 321.321.39.12 eq https access-list outside_inbound extended permit tcp any host 321.321.39.13 eq www access-list outside_inbound extended permit tcp any host 321.321.39.13 eq https access-list outside_inbound extended permit icmp any any echo-reply access-list outside_inbound extended permit icmp any any source-quench access-list outside_inbound extended permit icmp any any unreachable access-list outside_inbound extended permit icmp any any time-exceeded access-list outside_inbound extended permit icmp any any traceroute access-list outside_inbound extended permit icmp any any echo pager lines 24 logging asdm informational mtu inside 1500 mtu outside 1500 icmp unreachable rate-limit 1 burst-size 1 no asdm history enable arp timeout 14400 global (outside) 2 321.321.39.11-321.321.39.14 netmask 255.255.255.248 global (outside) 1 interface nat (inside) 1 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 static (inside,outside) tcp interface pptp 172.21.37.20 pptp netmask 255.255.255.255 static (inside,outside) 321.321.39.11 172.21.37.14 netmask 255.255.255.255 static (inside,outside) 321.321.39.12 172.21.37.24 netmask 255.255.255.255 static (inside,outside) 321.321.39.13 172.21.37.17 netmask 255.255.255.255 access-group outside_inbound in interface outside route outside 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 321.321.39.9 1 route inside 192.168.15.0 255.255.255.0 172.21.36.52 1 timeout xlate 3:00:00 timeout conn 1:00:00 half-closed 0:10:00 udp 0:02:00 icmp 0:00:02 timeout sunrpc 0:10:00 h323 0:05:00 h225 1:00:00 mgcp 0:05:00 mgcp-pat 0:05:00 timeout sip 0:30:00 sip_media 0:02:00 sip-invite 0:03:00 sip-disconnect 0:02:00 timeout sip-provisional-media 0:02:00 uauth 0:05:00 absolute timeout tcp-proxy-reassembly 0:01:00 dynamic-access-policy-record DfltAccessPolicy http server enable http 172.21.36.0 255.255.252.0 inside no snmp-server location no snmp-server contact snmp-server enable traps snmp authentication linkup linkdown coldstart crypto ipsec security-association lifetime seconds 28800 crypto ipsec security-association lifetime kilobytes 4608000 telnet 172.21.36.0 255.255.252.0 inside telnet timeout 60 ssh timeout 5 console timeout 0 threat-detection basic-threat threat-detection statistics access-list no threat-detection statistics tcp-intercept webvpn ! class-map inspection_default match default-inspection-traffic ! ! policy-map type inspect dns preset_dns_map parameters message-length maximum 512 policy-map global_policy class inspection_default inspect dns preset_dns_map inspect ftp inspect h323 h225 inspect h323 ras inspect rsh inspect rtsp inspect sqlnet inspect skinny inspect sunrpc inspect xdmcp inspect sip inspect netbios inspect tftp inspect pptp inspect ipsec-pass-thru inspect http ! service-policy global_policy global prompt hostname context The servers that had static forwards did not have any outside network access. couldn't ping google.com for instance. mail server couldn't Domain POP the Barracuda spam filter from our ISP etc. So after doing some reading I removed the statics for 172.21.37.11, 12 and 13, and replaced those three with what's below.. static (inside,outside) tcp 321.321.39.11 https 172.21.37.14 https netmask 255.255.255.255 static (inside,outside) tcp 321.321.39.11 993 172.21.37.14 993 netmask 255.255.255.255 static (inside,outside) tcp 321.321.39.11 smtp 172.21.37.14 smtp netmask 255.255.255.255 static (inside,outside) tcp 321.321.39.11 1001 172.21.37.14 1001 netmask 255.255.255.255 static (inside,outside) tcp 321.321.39.11 465 172.21.37.14 465 netmask 255.255.255.255 static (inside,outside) tcp 321.321.39.11 domain 172.21.37.14 domain netmask 255.255.255.255 static (inside,outside) tcp 321.321.39.12 www 172.21.37.24 www netmask 255.255.255.255 static (inside,outside) tcp 321.321.39.12 https 172.21.37.24 https netmask 255.255.255.255 static (inside,outside) tcp 321.321.39.13 www 172.21.37.17 www netmask 255.255.255.255 static (inside,outside) tcp 321.321.39.13 https 172.21.37.17 https netmask 255.255.255.255 Now the servers (for instance 172.21.37.14) could ping the outside world again. Mail started flowing (Domain POP was successful) etc. etc. But I forgot to check if webmail worked from the outside admittedly. But the webservers at 172.21.37.17 and 172.21.37.24 still didn't respond from the outside world. Although I was able to PPTP VPN in on 321.321.39.10 (interface) which is the outside interface IP address. and it is static mapped to 172.21.37.20. So I'm thinking there must be something wrong with NAT somewhere? no response from 321.321.39.11 to 321.321.39.14.. Could anyone look over the config and please let me know what I've done wrong? Is there something I've missed? well obviously but.. please help! Thank you.

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• Customer site is out of IP addresses, they want to go from /24 to /12 netmask... Bad idea?

  - by ewwhite

  One of my client sites called to ask me to change the subnet masks of the Linux servers I manage there while they re-IP/change the netmask of their network based on a 10.0.0.x scheme. "Can you change the server netmasks from 255.255.255.0 to 255.240.0.0?" You mean, 255.255.240.0? "No, 255.240.0.0." Are you sure you need that many IP addresses? "Yeah, we never want to run out of IP addresses." A quick check against the Subnet Cheat Sheet shows: a 255.255.255.0 netmask, a /24 provides 256 hosts. It's clear to see that an organization can exhaust that number of IP addresses. a 255.240.0.0 netmask, a /12 provides 1,048,576 hosts. This is a small < 200-user site. I doubt that they'd allocate more than 400 IP addresses. I suggested something that provides fewer hosts, like a /22 or /21 (1024 and 2048 hosts, respectively), but was unable to give a specific reason against using the /12 subnet. Is there anything this customer should be concerned about? Are there any specific reasons they shouldn't use such an incredibly large mask in their environment?

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• iphone SDK: How to check user set up a valid IP , Netmask , Router ???

  - by WebberLai

  It is simple to understand after this pic. I add fewtextfields in tableview I already set the keyboard style is number pad. Now the problems is 1.Do I need to create 12 textfields ???ex. UITextField *ip1,ip2,ip3,ip4....or just set different tag for textfield ? 2.How to check user enter wrong char not 3 valid numbers (even the keyboard is set number pad,but it might can paste words...) 3.How to check user did follow this setting rules ??? <1If IP1 is 0~223 , IP2 need to be set 0~255,IP3,IP4 both are 0~255 <2If IP1 is 172 ,IP2 is set 16~31.IP3,IP4 both are 0~255; If IP1 is 192 ,IP2 must be 168.IP3 IP4 are 0~255 <3Netmask set default 255.255.255.0 <4Router 0~223 ,0~255 ,0~255 ,0~255 This IP setting rules is my friends tech me this ...I not sure the rules is right or not?

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• netkit: why cant my router 4 pc4 ping my router 1 pc1 - how can I solve this please?

  - by donok

  Below I have four routers connected but my pc1 on r1 cannot ping my pc4 on r4 and also my pc2 on r2 cant ping my pc4 on r4 and vice versa. Below is a network diagram: and the configurations are below that, could anyone help me please on making them accessible? ![connecting 4 routers][1] I cant post my diagram on serverfault(less than 10 rep) so I did on stackoverflow and asked the same question. pc1: ifconfig eth0 195.11.14.5 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 195.11.14.255 up route add default gw 195.11.14.1 dev eth0 pc2.start: ifconfig eth0 200.1.1.7 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 200.1.1.255 up route add default gw 200.1.1.1 dev eth0 pc3: ifconfig eth0 195.20.14.9 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 195.20.1.255 up route add default gw 195.20.14.1 dev eth0 pc4: ifconfig eth0 200.2.1.11 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 200.2.1.255 up route add default gw 200.2.1.1 dev eth0 r1: ifconfig eth0 195.11.14.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 195.11.14.255 up ifconfig eth1 100.0.0.9 netmask 255.255.255.252 broadcast 100.0.0.11 up route add -net 200.1.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 100.0.0.10 dev eth1 route add default gw 100.0.0.10 lab.conf: if you need more on that Ill post it up but I think most of the info is there. Any help would be greatly appreciated especially trying to make a connection between pc4 and pc1, even if you think it does not make sense please explain why. Thank you.

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• Solaris 10 branded zone VM Templates for Solaris 11 on OTN

  - by jsavit

  Early this year I wrote the article Ours Goes To 11 which describes the ability to import Solaris 10 systems into a "Solaris 10 branded zone" under Oracle Solaris 11. I did this using Solaris 11 Express, and the capability remains in Solaris 11 with only slight changes. This important tool lets you painlessly inhaling a Solaris Container from Solaris 10 or entire Solaris 10 systems ("the global zone") into virtualized environments on a Solaris 11 OS. Just recently, Oracle provided Oracle VM Templates for Oracle Solaris 10 Zones to let you create Solaris 10 branded zones for Solaris 11 even if you don't currently have access to install media or a running Solaris 10 system. To use this, just download the Oracle VM Template for Oracle Solaris Zone 10 from OTN at http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/server-storage/solaris11/downloads/virtual-machines-1355605.html. This page contains images of Oracle Solaris 10 8/11 (the recent update to Solaris 10) in SPARC and x86 formats suitable for creating branded zones. The same page also has a VirtualBox image you can download for a complete Solaris 10 install in a guest virtual machine you can run on any host OS that supports VirtualBox. Both sets of downloads provide a quick - and extremely easy - way to set up a virtual Solaris 10 environment. In the case of the Oracle VM Templates, they illustrate several advanced features of Solaris 11. To start, just go to the above link, download the template for the hardware platform (SPARC or x86) you want, and download the README file also linked from that page. Install prerequisites The README file tells you to install the prerequisite Solaris 11 package that implements the Solaris 10 brand. Then you can install instances of zones with that brand. # pkg install pkg:/system/zones/brand/brand-solaris10 Packages to install: 1 Create boot environment: No Create backup boot environment: Yes DOWNLOAD PKGS FILES XFER (MB) Completed 1/1 44/44 0.4/0.4 PHASE ACTIONS Install Phase 74/74 PHASE ITEMS Package State Update Phase 1/1 Image State Update Phase 2/2 That took only a few minutes, and didn't require a reboot. Install the Solaris 10 zone Now it's time to run the downloaded template file. First make it executable via the chmod command, of course. I found that (unlike stated in the README) there was no need to rename the downloaded file to remove the .bin. When you run it you provide several parameters to describe the zone configuration: -a IP address - the IP address and optional netmask for the zone. This is the only mandatory parameter. -z zonename - the name of the zone you would like to create. -i interface - the package will create an exclusive-IP zone using a virtual NIC (vnic) based on this physical interface. In my case, I have a NIC called rge0. -p PATH - specifies the path in which you want the zoneroot to be placed. In my case, I have a ZFS dataset mounted at /zones, and this will create a zoneroot at /zones/s10u10. Kicking it off, you will see a copyright message, and then messages showing progress building the zone, which only takes a few minutes. # ./solaris-10u10-x86.bin -p /zones -a 192.168.1.100 -i rge0 -z s10u10 ... ... Checking disk-space for extraction Ok Extracting in /export/home/CDimages/s10zone/bootimage.ihaqvh ... 100% [===============================] Checking data integrity Ok Checking platform compatibility The host and the image do not have the same Solaris release: host Solaris release: 5.11 image Solaris release: 5.10 Will create a Solaris 10 branded zone. Warning: could not find a defaultrouter Zone won't have any defaultrouter configured IMAGE: ./solaris-10u10-x86.bin ZONE: s10u10 ZONEPATH: /zones/s10u10 INTERFACE: rge0 VNIC: vnicZBI13379 MAC ADDR: 2:8:20:5c:1a:cc IP ADDR: 192.168.1.100 NETMASK: 255.255.255.0 DEFROUTER: NONE TIMEZONE: US/Arizona Checking disk-space for installation Ok Installing in /zones/s10u10 ... 100% [===============================] Using a static exclusive-IP Attaching s10u10 Booting s10u10 Waiting for boot to complete booting... booting... booting... Zone s10u10 booted The zone's root password has been set using the root password of the local host. You can change the zone's root password to further harden the security of the zone: being root, log into the zone from the local host with the command 'zlogin s10u10'. Once logged in, change the root password with the command 'passwd'. The nifty part in my opinion (besides being so easy), is that the zone was created as an exclusive-IP zone on a virtual NIC. This network configuration lets you enforce traffic isolation from other zones, enforce network Quality of Service, and even let the zone set its own characteristics like IP address and packet size. Independence of the zone's network characteristics from the global zone is one of the enhancements in Solaris 10 that make it easier to consolidate zones while preserving their autonomy, yet provide control in a consolidated environment. Let's see what the virtual network environment looks like by issuing commands from the Solaris 11 global zone. First I'll use Old School ifconfig, and then I'll use the new ipadm and dladm commands. # ifconfig -a4 lo0: flags=2001000849<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST,IPv4,VIRTUAL> mtu 8232 index 1 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask ff000000 rge0: flags=1004943<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,PROMISC,MULTICAST,DHCP,IPv4> mtu 1500 index 2 inet 192.168.1.3 netmask ffffff00 broadcast 192.168.1.255 ether 0:14:d1:18:ac:bc vboxnet0: flags=201000843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST,IPv4,CoS> mtu 1500 index 3 inet 192.168.56.1 netmask ffffff00 broadcast 192.168.56.255 ether 8:0:27:f8:62:1c # dladm show-phys LINK MEDIA STATE SPEED DUPLEX DEVICE yge0 Ethernet unknown 0 unknown yge0 yge1 Ethernet unknown 0 unknown yge1 rge0 Ethernet up 1000 full rge0 vboxnet0 Ethernet up 1000 full vboxnet0 # dladm show-link LINK CLASS MTU STATE OVER yge0 phys 1500 unknown -- yge1 phys 1500 unknown -- rge0 phys 1500 up -- vboxnet0 phys 1500 up -- vnicZBI13379 vnic 1500 up rge0 s10u10/vnicZBI13379 vnic 1500 up rge0 s10u10/net0 vnic 1500 up rge0 # dladm show-vnic LINK OVER SPEED MACADDRESS MACADDRTYPE VID vnicZBI13379 rge0 1000 2:8:20:5c:1a:cc random 0 s10u10/vnicZBI13379 rge0 1000 2:8:20:5c:1a:cc random 0 s10u10/net0 rge0 1000 2:8:20:9d:d0:79 random 0 # ipadm show-addr ADDROBJ TYPE STATE ADDR lo0/v4 static ok 127.0.0.1/8 rge0/_a dhcp ok 192.168.1.3/24 vboxnet0/_a static ok 192.168.56.1/24 lo0/v6 static ok ::1/128 Log into the zone The install step already booted the zone, so lets log into it. Notice how you have to be appropriately privileged to log into a zone. This is my home system so I'm being a bit cavalier, but in a production environment you can give granular control of who can login to which zones. Voila! a Solaris 10 environment under a Solaris 11 kernel. Notice the output from the uname -a and ifconfig commands, and output from a ping to a nearby host. $ zlogin s10u10 zlogin: You lack sufficient privilege to run this command (all privs required) savit@home:~$ sudo zlogin s10u10 Password: [Connected to zone 's10u10' pts/5] Oracle Corporation SunOS 5.10 Generic Patch January 2005 # uname -a SunOS s10u10 5.10 Generic_Virtual i86pc i386 i86pc # ifconfig -a4 lo0: flags=2001000849 mtu 8232 index 1 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask ff000000 vnicZBI13379: flags=1000843 mtu 1500 index 2 inet 192.168.1.100 netmask ffffff00 broadcast 192.168.1.255 ether 2:8:20:5c:1a:cc # bash bash-3.2# ifconfig -a lo0: flags=2001000849 mtu 8232 index 1 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask ff000000 vnicZBI13379: flags=1000843 mtu 1500 index 2 inet 192.168.1.100 netmask ffffff00 broadcast 192.168.1.255 ether 2:8:20:5c:1a:cc bash-3.2# ping 192.168.1.2 192.168.1.2 is alive For fun, I configured Apache (setting its configuration file in /etc/apache2) and brought it up. Easy - took just a few minutes. bash-3.2# svcs apache2 STATE STIME FMRI disabled 12:38:46 svc:/network/http:apache2 bash-3.2# svcadm enable apache2 Summary In just a few minutes, I built a functioning virtual Solaris 10 environment under by Solaris 11 system. It was... easy! While I can still do it the manual way (creating and using a system archive), this is a low-effort way to create a Solaris 10 zone on Solaris 11.

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• OpenIndiana (illumos): vmxnet3 interface lost on reboot

  - by protomouse

  I want my VMware vmxnet3 interface to be brought up with DHCP on boot. I can manually configure the NIC with: # ifconfig vmxnet3s0 plumb # ipadm create-addr -T dhcp vmxnet3s0/v4dhcp But after creating /etc/dhcp.vmxnet3s0 and rebooting, the interface is down and the logs show: Aug 13 09:34:15 neumann vmxnet3s: [ID 654879 kern.notice] vmxnet3s:0: getcapab(0x200000) -> no Aug 13 09:34:15 neumann vmxnet3s: [ID 715698 kern.notice] vmxnet3s:0: stop() Aug 13 09:34:17 neumann vmxnet3s: [ID 654879 kern.notice] vmxnet3s:0: getcapab(0x200000) -> no Aug 13 09:34:17 neumann vmxnet3s: [ID 920500 kern.notice] vmxnet3s:0: start() Aug 13 09:34:17 neumann vmxnet3s: [ID 778983 kern.notice] vmxnet3s:0: getprop(TxRingSize) -> 256 Aug 13 09:34:17 neumann vmxnet3s: [ID 778983 kern.notice] vmxnet3s:0: getprop(RxRingSize) -> 256 Aug 13 09:34:17 neumann vmxnet3s: [ID 778983 kern.notice] vmxnet3s:0: getprop(RxBufPoolLimit) -> 512 Aug 13 09:34:17 neumann nwamd[491]: [ID 605049 daemon.error] 1: nwamd_set_unset_link_properties: dladm_set_linkprop failed: operation not supported Aug 13 09:34:17 neumann vmxnet3s: [ID 654879 kern.notice] vmxnet3s:0: getcapab(0x20000) -> no Aug 13 09:34:17 neumann nwamd[491]: [ID 751932 daemon.error] 1: nwamd_down_interface: ipadm_delete_addr failed on vmxnet3s0: Object not found Aug 13 09:34:17 neumann nwamd[491]: [ID 819019 daemon.error] 1: nwamd_plumb_unplumb_interface: plumb IPv4 failed for vmxnet3s0: Operation not supported on disabled object Aug 13 09:34:17 neumann nwamd[491]: [ID 160156 daemon.error] 1: nwamd_plumb_unplumb_interface: plumb IPv6 failed for vmxnet3s0: Operation not supported on disabled object Aug 13 09:34:17 neumann nwamd[491]: [ID 771489 daemon.error] 1: add_ip_address: ipadm_create_addr failed on vmxnet3s0: Operation not supported on disabled object Aug 13 09:34:17 neumann nwamd[491]: [ID 405346 daemon.error] 9: start_dhcp: ipadm_create_addr failed for vmxnet3s0: Operation not supported on disabled object I then tried disabling network/physical:nwam in favour of network/physical:default. This works, the interface is brought up but physical:default fails and my network services (e.g. NFS) refuse to start. # ifconfig -a lo0: flags=2001000849<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST,IPv4,VIRTUAL> mtu 8232 index 1 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask ff000000 vmxnet3s0: flags=1004843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST,DHCP,IPv4> mtu 9000 index 2 inet 192.168.178.248 netmask ffffff00 broadcast 192.168.178.255 vmxnet3s0:1: flags=1004842<BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST,DHCP,IPv4> mtu 9000 index 2 inet 192.168.178.248 netmask ffffff00 broadcast 192.168.178.255 vmxnet3s0:2: flags=1004842<BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST,DHCP,IPv4> mtu 9000 index 2 inet 192.168.178.248 netmask ffffff00 broadcast 192.168.178.255 vmxnet3s0:3: flags=1004842<BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST,DHCP,IPv4> mtu 9000 index 2 inet 192.168.178.248 netmask ffffff00 broadcast 192.168.178.255 vmxnet3s0:4: flags=1004842<BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST,DHCP,IPv4> mtu 9000 index 2 inet 192.168.178.248 netmask ffffff00 broadcast 192.168.178.255 vmxnet3s0:5: flags=1004842<BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST,DHCP,IPv4> mtu 9000 index 2 inet 192.168.178.248 netmask ffffff00 broadcast 192.168.178.255 vmxnet3s0:6: flags=1004842<BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST,DHCP,IPv4> mtu 9000 index 2 inet 192.168.178.248 netmask ffffff00 broadcast 192.168.178.255 vmxnet3s0:7: flags=1004842<BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST,DHCP,IPv4> mtu 9000 index 2 inet 192.168.178.248 netmask ffffff00 broadcast 192.168.178.255 vmxnet3s0:8: flags=1004842<BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST,DHCP,IPv4> mtu 9000 index 2 inet 192.168.178.248 netmask ffffff00 broadcast 192.168.178.255 lo0: flags=2002000849<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST,IPv6,VIRTUAL> mtu 8252 index 1 inet6 ::1/128 vmxnet3s0: flags=20002000840<RUNNING,MULTICAST,IPv6> mtu 9000 index 2 inet6 ::/0 # cat /var/svc/log/network-physical\:default.log [ Aug 16 09:46:39 Enabled. ] [ Aug 16 09:46:41 Executing start method ("/lib/svc/method/net-physical"). ] [ Aug 16 09:46:41 Timeout override by svc.startd. Using infinite timeout. ] starting DHCP on primary interface vmxnet3s0 ifconfig: vmxnet3s0: DHCP is already running [ Aug 16 09:46:43 Method "start" exited with status 96. ] NFS server not running: # svcs -xv network/nfs/server svc:/network/nfs/server:default (NFS server) State: offline since August 16, 2012 09:46:40 AM UTC Reason: Service svc:/network/physical:default is not running because a method failed. See: http://illumos.org/msg/SMF-8000-GE Path: svc:/network/nfs/server:default svc:/milestone/network:default svc:/network/physical:default Reason: Service svc:/network/physical:nwam is disabled. See: http://illumos.org/msg/SMF-8000-GE Path: svc:/network/nfs/server:default svc:/milestone/network:default svc:/network/physical:nwam Reason: Service svc:/network/nfs/nlockmgr:default is disabled. See: http://illumos.org/msg/SMF-8000-GE Path: svc:/network/nfs/server:default svc:/network/nfs/nlockmgr:default See: man -M /usr/share/man -s 1M nfsd Impact: This service is not running. I'm new to the world of Solaris, so any help solving would be much appreciated. Thanks!

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• Several IPs for my VPS

  - by Serafim

  I bought vps on santrex.net but can't receive any reply from support. My Problem: I have 5 ip but it pings only 1!!! I can't setup DNS because I need 2 ip minimum . Could you help me to activate other my IPs? root@spnova:~# ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr aa:00:b9:4f:19:01 inet addr:188.72.240.100 Bcast:188.72.240.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:163342 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:13585 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:32862185 (32.8 MB) TX bytes:15189036 (15.1 MB) eth0:0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr aa:00:b9:4f:19:01 inet addr:188.72.240.101 Bcast:188.72.240.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 eth0:1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr aa:00:b9:4f:19:01 inet addr:188.72.240.102 Bcast:188.72.240.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 eth0:2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr aa:00:b9:4f:19:01 inet addr:188.72.240.103 Bcast:188.72.240.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 eth0:3 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr aa:00:b9:4f:19:01 inet addr:188.72.240.104 Bcast:188.72.240.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:11885 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:11885 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:8124693 (8.1 MB) TX bytes:8124693 (8.1 MB) root@spnova:~# nano /etc/network/interfaces # Auto generated eth0 interfaces auto eth0 lo iface eth0 inet static address 188.72.240.100 netmask 255.255.255.0 up route add -net 188.72.225.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 dev eth0 up route add default gw 188.72.225.1 iface lo inet loopback auto eth0:0 iface eth0:0 inet static address 188.72.240.101 netmask 255.255.255.0 auto eth0:1 iface eth0:1 inet static address 188.72.240.102 netmask 255.255.255.0 auto eth0:2 iface eth0:2 inet static address 188.72.240.103 netmask 255.255.255.0 auto eth0:3 iface eth0:3 inet static address 188.72.240.104 netmask 255.255.255.0

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• Instabilities with Bridged and bonded interfaces

  - by Henry-Nicolas Tourneur

  I did post yesterday to get a working setup with several bridged interfaces used for virtual machines (KVM/libvirt). One of the bridged interface is just using eth3 as its ports while the second one (public traffic) is using an ethernet bonded interface. That setup is working but not all the time ! I can start a download from a vm, then it will stop and freeze! So I don't know if my bridge parameters are correct, could you check the below config ? iface eth3 inet manual auto bond0 iface bond0 inet manual slaves eth1 eth2 pre-up ip link set bond0 up down ip link set bond0 down auto br0 iface br0 inet static address 10.160.0.7 netmask 255.255.255.128 bridge_ports eth3 bridge_fd 9 bridge_hello 2 bridge_maxage 12 bridge_stp on auto br0:1 iface br0:1 inet static address 10.160.0.9 netmask 255.255.255.255 auto br0:2 iface br0:2 inet static address 10.160.0.10 netmask 255.255.255.255 auto br1 iface br1 inet static address 217.4.40.242 netmask 255.255.255.240 gateway 217.4.40.241 pre-up /etc/network/firewall start bridge_ports bond0 bridge_fd 9 bridge_hello 2 bridge_maxage 12 bridge_stp on auto br1:1 iface br1:1 inet static address 217.4.40.252 netmask 255.255.255.255 auto br1:2 iface br1:2 inet static address 217.4.40.253 netmask 255.255.255.255 And yes, it also sometimes speaks about martian on the host: kernel: [249146.055172] martian source 10.160.0.17 from 10.160.0.10, on dev vnet2 kernel: [249146.073122] ll header: ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:54:52:00:76:c3:5c:08:06

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• Issue with multiple bridging for KVM hosts

  - by Henry-Nicolas Tourneur

  I'm using KVM and libvirt on my host (Debian lenny) + 2 bridges per guest (one for mgmt, one for public traffic). That setup isn't stable at all, sometimes I can do pings to a management ip, sometimes not. I don't know if my bridging paramateres are correct, could you check ? or if there is anything wrong ... Please also note that interface on guest doesn't flap and that I got not logs on my host. Of course forwarding is enabled. iface eth3 inet manual auto bond0 iface bond0 inet manual slaves eth1 eth2 pre-up ip link set bond0 up down ip link set bond0 down auto br0 iface br0 inet static address 10.160.0.7 netmask 255.255.255.128 bridge_ports eth3 bridge_fd 9 bridge_hello 2 bridge_maxage 12 bridge_stp off auto br0:1 iface br0:1 inet static address 10.160.0.9 netmask 255.255.255.128 auto br0:2 iface br0:2 inet static address 10.160.0.10 netmask 255.255.255.128 auto br1 iface br1 inet static address 217.4.40.242 netmask 255.255.255.240 gateway 217.4.40.241 pre-up /etc/network/firewall start bridge_ports bond0 bridge_fd 9 bridge_hello 2 bridge_maxage 12 bridge_stp off auto br1:1 iface br1:1 inet static address 217.4.40.252 netmask 255.255.255.240 auto br1:2 iface br1:2 inet static address 217.4.40.253 netmask 255.255.255.240

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• Connect two networks

  - by Meek Barrios

  Connecting two different offices with a wireless link and linux boxes. Hardware: 2 CISCO RV42, 2 Dual Homed Linux Boxes running debian, 2 2Wire and 2 AirMax 5 Configuration is: Office A LAN A (10.1.1.0/24) -> RV42 A (WAN1 - 10.1.1.254) -> 2Wire A (Internet) LINUX A ( ETH0 (LAN) 10.1.1.253, ETH1 (LINK) (10.1.3.3) Wireless Link --- AirMax A <-> AirMax B connected as Wireless Bridge Office B LAN B (10.1.2.0/24) -> RV42 B (WAN1 - 10.1.2.254) -> 2Wire B (Internet) LINUX B ( ETH0 (LAN) 10.1.2.253 -> ETH1 (LINK) (10.1.3.4) Network configuration is: LAN A - Default Gateway 10.1.1.254 RV42 A - Static Route 10.1.3.0/24 on 10.1.1.253 Static Route 10.1.2.0/24 on 10.1.1.253 Default on 192.168.1.1 (WAN1 Internet Access) Linux A - ETH0 10.1.1.253 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 10.1.1.254 ETH1 10.1.3.3 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 10.1.3.1 AIRMAX A - 10.1.3.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 10.1.3.1 LAN B - Default Gateway 10.1.2.254 RV42 B - Static Route 10.1.3.0/24 on 10.1.2.253 Static Route 10.1.1.0/24 on 10.1.2.253 Default on 192.168.1.1 (WAN1 Internet Access) Linux B - ETH0 10.1.2.253 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 10.1.2.254 ETH1 10.1.3.4 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 10.1.3.2 AIRMAX B - 10.1.3.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 10.1.3.2 Both linux have ip_forward set to 1 and the following on the iptables: iptables -F iptables -X iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT iptables -P INPUT ACCEPT iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT I can ping from Linux B any ip on 10.1.1.0/24 segment and on linux A any ip on 10.1.2.0/24 segment however I cannot connect to HTTP or FTP on those machines. From LAN A I cannot see any other network. I'm looking for some advice for this configuration or a better solution. Regards

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• Assign individual NIC to KVM guest

  - by Bin S

  I have a server with 6 NICs installed and is running Ubuntu 12.04LTS. I want to setup 4 guest VMs using kvm. Now I want to assign 2 NICs for the host(1 Public IP and 1 private IP), and 1 NIC each to 4 guest VM(all private IP). How do I do this? /etc/network/interfaces I am having trouble with my configuration file shown below: # The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback # The primary network interface auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.1.109 netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.1.5 auto eth1 iface eth1 inet static address 192.168.1.117 netmask 255.255.255.0 auto eth2 iface eth2 inet manual auto br0 iface br0 inet static address 192.168.1.118 netmask 255.255.255.0 bridge_ports eth2 bridge_fd 9 bridge_hello 2 bridge_maxage 12 bridge_stp off auto eth3 iface eth3 inet manual auto br1 iface br1 inet static address 192.168.1.119 netmask 255.255.255.0 bridge_ports eth3 bridge_fd 9 bridge_hello 2 bridge_maxage 12 bridge_stp off auto eth4 iface eth4 inet manual auto br2 iface br2 inet static address 192.168.1.123 netmask 255.255.255.0 bridge_ports eth4 bridge_fd 9 bridge_hello 2 bridge_maxage 12 bridge_stp off auto eth5 iface eth5 inet manual auto br3 iface br3 inet static address 192.168.1.124 netmask 255.255.255.0 bridge_ports eth5 bridge_fd 9 bridge_hello 2 bridge_maxage 12 bridge_stp off

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