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  • Python development with Emacs?

    - by ipeev
    Anybody knows some actual documentation written? I can't find anything good for any of the 2 competing mods. Looks like Emacs is pretty much abandon when it comes to Python and it is a shame as there is no other programmable programming editor that comes close to Emacs.

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  • Play a Sound with Python

    - by Claudiu
    What's the easiest way to play a sound file (.wav) in Python? By easiest I mean both most platform independent and requiring the least dependencies. pygame is certainly an option, but it seems overkill for just sound.

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  • Get current URL in Python

    - by Alex
    How would i get the current URL with Python, I need to grab the current URL so i can check it for query strings e.g requested_url = "URL_HERE" url = urlparse(requested_url) if url[4]: params = dict([part.split('=') for part in url[4].split('&')]) also this is running in Google App Engine

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  • best way to implement a deck for a card game in python

    - by matt1024
    What is the best way to store the cards and suits in python so that I can hold a reference to these values in another variable? For example, if I have a list called hand (cards in players hand), how could I hold values that could refer to the names of suits and values of specific cards, and how would these names and values of suits and cards be stored?

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  • Making a python script only be able to run once at a time

    - by Richard
    I am looking to make a python script be unique in the sense that it can only run once at a time. For example if I run the script and open another session of the same script a second time and the first session is still running, then the second session will just exit and do nothing. Anyone knows how I could implement this?

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  • Equivalent of alarm(3600) in Python

    - by knorv
    Starting a Perl script with alarm(3600) will make the script abort if it is still running after one hour (3600 seconds). Assume I want to set an upper bound on the running time of a Python script, what is the easiest way to achieve that?

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  • Python file - Want to change it to a function or a class

    - by curious2know
    Hello, I have a python program/file that I want to run repeatedly and calculate the averages of some variables over these runs. To do so, I thought it might be convenient to convert this program into a function or a class. One way I can think of is to add a def Main(): line at the top and indent every line manually within it. Is there an easier way? I am using pydev on eclipse. Thanks.

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  • Perl like regex in Python

    - by anansi
    In Perl I would do something like this for taking different fields in a regexp, separating different fields by () and getting them using $ foreach $line (@lines) { $line =~ m/(.*?):([^-]*)-(.*)/; $field_1 = $1 $field_2 = $2 $field_3 = $3 } How could I do something like this in Python?

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  • Python 3.2: How to pass a dictionary into str.format()

    - by Robert Dailey
    I've been reading the Python 3.2 docs about string formatting but it hasn't really helped me with this particular problem. Here is what I'm trying to do: stats = { 'copied': 5, 'skipped': 14 } print( 'Copied: {copied}, Skipped: {skipped}'.format( stats ) ) The above code will not work because the format() call is not reading the dictionary values and using those in place of my format placeholders. How can I modify my code to work with my dictionary?

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  • Python: Open() using a variable

    - by nuustik
    Good day, I've ran into a problem with opening a file with randomly generated name in Python 2.6. import random random = random.randint(1,10) localfile = file("%s","wb") % random Then I get an error message about the last line TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for %: 'file' and 'int' I just couldn't figure this out by myself nor with Google, but there has to be a cure for this, I believe. Thanks.

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  • windows stdbool.h for python module

    - by swasheck
    I found this http://stackoverflow.com/questions/25461/stdbool-h-c as an answer to "where is stdbool.h on windows?" but now need to know what to do with it. I'm actually trying to install the lazyboy python extension on windows and this is the first error that I'm receiving. So, being completely unfamiliar with this, where do I put this header file so that it's seen?

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  • python floating number

    - by zhack
    i am kind of confused why python add some additional decimal number in this case, please help to explain >>> mylist = ["list item 1", 2, 3.14] >>> print mylist ['list item 1', 2, 3.1400000000000001]

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  • RuntimeError: maximum recursion depth exceeded while calling a Python object

    - by Bilal Basharat
    this error arises when i try to run the following test case which is written in models.py of my django app named 'administration' : from django.test import Client, TestCase from django.core import mail class ClientTest( TestCase ): fixtures = [ 'testdata.json' ] def test_get_register( self ): response = self.client.get( '/accounts/register/', {} ) self.assertEqual( response.status_code, 200 ) the error arises at this line specifically: response = self.client.get( '/accounts/register/', {} ) my django version is 1.2.1 and python 2.6 and satchmo version is 0.9.2-pre hg-unknown. I code in windows platform(xp sp2). The command to run test case is: python manage.py test administration the complete error log is as follow: site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 101, in by_host site = Site.objects.get(domain=host) File "C:\django\django\db\models\manager.py", line 132, in get return self.get_query_set().get(*args, **kwargs) File "C:\django\django\db\models\query.py", line 336, in get num = len(clone) File "C:\django\django\db\models\query.py", line 81, in __len__ self._result_cache = list(self.iterator()) File "C:\django\django\db\models\query.py", line 269, in iterator for row in compiler.results_iter(): File "C:\django\django\db\models\sql\compiler.py", line 672, in results_iter for rows in self.execute_sql(MULTI): File "C:\django\django\db\models\sql\compiler.py", line 717, in execute_sql sql, params = self.as_sql() File "C:\django\django\db\models\sql\compiler.py", line 65, in as_sql where, w_params = self.query.where.as_sql(qn=qn, connection=self.connection) File "C:\django\django\db\models\sql\where.py", line 91, in as_sql sql, params = child.as_sql(qn=qn, connection=connection) File "C:\django\django\db\models\sql\where.py", line 94, in as_sql sql, params = self.make_atom(child, qn, connection) File "C:\django\django\db\models\sql\where.py", line 141, in make_atom lvalue, params = lvalue.process(lookup_type, params_or_value, connection) File "C:\django\django\db\models\sql\where.py", line 312, in process connection=connection, prepared=True) File "C:\django\django\db\models\fields\subclassing.py", line 53, in inner return func(*args, **kwargs) File "C:\django\django\db\models\fields\subclassing.py", line 53, in inner return func(*args, **kwargs) File "C:\django\django\db\models\fields\__init__.py", line 323, in get_db_prep _lookup return [self.get_db_prep_value(value, connection=connection, prepared=prepar ed)] File "C:\django\django\db\models\fields\subclassing.py", line 53, in inner return func(*args, **kwargs) File "C:\django\django\db\models\fields\subclassing.py", line 53, in inner return func(*args, **kwargs) RuntimeError: maximum recursion depth exceeded while calling a Python object ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Ran 7 tests in 48.453s FAILED (errors=1) Destroying test database 'default'...

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  • I have a very long and repetitive python path, where do I look to correct this?

    - by ninja123
    I know it is probably not necessary to paste the whole path, but just for the record I have done so below. Whenever I run a python command, it takes a long time to load this path I suppose. I have checked in .bash_profile and only have these two lines: export PATH=/Users/username/bin:/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.5/bin:/opt/local/bin:/opt/local/sbin:/opt/local/apache2/bin:$PATH export PYTHONPATH=/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/ And my python path as outputed by Django's debug is: Python path : ['/Users/username/Sites/videocluster/eggs/ipython-0.10-py2.5.egg', '/Users/username/Sites/videocluster/eggs/South-0.6.1-py2.5.egg', '/Users/username/Sites/videocluster/eggs/django_markitup-0.5.2-py2.5.egg', '/Users/username/Sites/videocluster/eggs/DateTime-2.12.0-py2.5.egg', '/Users/username/Sites/videocluster/eggs/Markdown-2.0.3-py2.5.egg', '/Users/username/Sites/videocluster/eggs/PIL-1.1.7-py2.5-macosx-10.5-i386.egg', '/Users/username/Sites/videocluster/eggs/djangorecipe-0.20-py2.5.egg', '/Users/username/Sites/videocluster/eggs/zc.recipe.egg-1.2.3b2-py2.5.egg', '/Users/username/Sites/videocluster/eggs/zc.buildout-1.5.0b2-py2.5.egg', '/Users/username/Sites/videocluster/eggs/pytz-2010h-py2.5.egg', '/Users/username/Sites/videocluster/eggs/zope.interface-3.6.1-py2.5-macosx-10.5-i386.egg', '/Users/username/Sites/videocluster/eggs/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.5.egg', '/Users/username/Sites/videocluster/parts/django', '/Users/username/Sites/videocluster', '/Users/username/Sites/videocluster/bin', '/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/setuptools_git-0.3.3-py2.5.egg', '/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/pysqlite-2.5.5-py2.5-macosx-10.5-i386.egg', '/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/CouchDB-0.5-py2.5.egg', '/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/httplib2-0.4.0-py2.5.egg', '/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/PyYAML-3.08-py2.5-macosx-10.5-i386.egg', '/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/simple_db_migrate-1.2.8-py2.5.egg', '/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/PyDispatcher-2.0.1-py2.5.egg', '/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/pyOpenSSL-0.9-py2.5-macosx-10.5-i386.egg', '/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/greenlet-0.2-py2.5-macosx-10.5-i386.egg', '/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/Supay-0.0.2-py2.5.egg', '/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/configobj-4.6.0-py2.5.egg', '/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/Fabric-0.9b1-py2.5.egg', '/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/fudge-0.9.3-py2.5.egg', '/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/pydelicious-0.5.3-py2.5.egg', '/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/feedparser-4.1-py2.5.egg', '/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/github_cli-0.2.5.2-py2.5.egg', '/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/simplejson-2.0.9-py2.5-macosx-10.5-i386.egg', '/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.5.egg', '/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.5.egg', '/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.5.egg', '/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.5.egg', '/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.5.egg', '/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.5.egg', '/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.5.egg', '/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.5.egg', '/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.5.egg', '/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.5.egg', '/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.5.egg', '/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.5.egg', '/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.5.egg', '/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.5.egg', '/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.5.egg', '/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.5.egg', '/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.5.egg', '/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.5.egg', '/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.5.egg', ......(repeating)....... 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'/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/gtk-2.0', '/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/gtk-2.0', '/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/gtk-2.0', '/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/gtk-2.0', '/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/gtk-2.0', '/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/gtk-2.0', '/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/gtk-2.0', '/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/gtk-2.0', '/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/gtk-2.0', '/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/gtk-2.0', '/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/gtk-2.0', '/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/gtk-2.0', '/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/gtk-2.0', '/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/gtk-2.0', '/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/gtk-2.0', '/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/gtk-2.0', '/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/gtk-2.0', '/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/gtk-2.0', '/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/gtk-2.0', '/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/gtk-2.0', '/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/gtk-2.0', '/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/gtk-2.0', '/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/gtk-2.0', '/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/gtk-2.0', ......(repeating)....... '/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/gtk-2.0', '/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/gtk-2.0', '/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/gtk-2.0', '/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/gtk-2.0', '/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/gtk-2.0', '/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/gtk-2.0', '/opt/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/gtk-2.0', '/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.5/lib/python2.5/site-packages/gtk-2.0'] Someone, please tell me where I can go to correct this. Thanks

    Read the article

  • Python: Improving long cumulative sum

    - by Bo102010
    I have a program that operates on a large set of experimental data. The data is stored as a list of objects that are instances of a class with the following attributes: time_point - the time of the sample cluster - the name of the cluster of nodes from which the sample was taken code - the name of the node from which the sample was taken qty1 = the value of the sample for the first quantity qty2 = the value of the sample for the second quantity I need to derive some values from the data set, grouped in three ways - once for the sample as a whole, once for each cluster of nodes, and once for each node. The values I need to derive depend on the (time sorted) cumulative sums of qty1 and qty2: the maximum value of the element-wise sum of the cumulative sums of qty1 and qty2, the time point at which that maximum value occurred, and the values of qty1 and qty2 at that time point. I came up with the following solution: dataset.sort(key=operator.attrgetter('time_point')) # For the whole set sys_qty1 = 0 sys_qty2 = 0 sys_combo = 0 sys_max = 0 # For the cluster grouping cluster_qty1 = defaultdict(int) cluster_qty2 = defaultdict(int) cluster_combo = defaultdict(int) cluster_max = defaultdict(int) cluster_peak = defaultdict(int) # For the node grouping node_qty1 = defaultdict(int) node_qty2 = defaultdict(int) node_combo = defaultdict(int) node_max = defaultdict(int) node_peak = defaultdict(int) for t in dataset: # For the whole system ###################################################### sys_qty1 += t.qty1 sys_qty2 += t.qty2 sys_combo = sys_qty1 + sys_qty2 if sys_combo > sys_max: sys_max = sys_combo # The Peak class is to record the time point and the cumulative quantities system_peak = Peak(time_point=t.time_point, qty1=sys_qty1, qty2=sys_qty2) # For the cluster grouping ################################################## cluster_qty1[t.cluster] += t.qty1 cluster_qty2[t.cluster] += t.qty2 cluster_combo[t.cluster] = cluster_qty1[t.cluster] + cluster_qty2[t.cluster] if cluster_combo[t.cluster] > cluster_max[t.cluster]: cluster_max[t.cluster] = cluster_combo[t.cluster] cluster_peak[t.cluster] = Peak(time_point=t.time_point, qty1=cluster_qty1[t.cluster], qty2=cluster_qty2[t.cluster]) # For the node grouping ##################################################### node_qty1[t.node] += t.qty1 node_qty2[t.node] += t.qty2 node_combo[t.node] = node_qty1[t.node] + node_qty2[t.node] if node_combo[t.node] > node_max[t.node]: node_max[t.node] = node_combo[t.node] node_peak[t.node] = Peak(time_point=t.time_point, qty1=node_qty1[t.node], qty2=node_qty2[t.node]) This produces the correct output, but I'm wondering if it can be made more readable/Pythonic, and/or faster/more scalable. The above is attractive in that it only loops through the (large) dataset once, but unattractive in that I've essentially copied/pasted three copies of the same algorithm. To avoid the copy/paste issues of the above, I tried this also: def find_peaks(level, dataset): def grouping(object, attr_name): if attr_name == 'system': return attr_name else: return object.__dict__[attrname] cuml_qty1 = defaultdict(int) cuml_qty2 = defaultdict(int) cuml_combo = defaultdict(int) level_max = defaultdict(int) level_peak = defaultdict(int) for t in dataset: cuml_qty1[grouping(t, level)] += t.qty1 cuml_qty2[grouping(t, level)] += t.qty2 cuml_combo[grouping(t, level)] = (cuml_qty1[grouping(t, level)] + cuml_qty2[grouping(t, level)]) if cuml_combo[grouping(t, level)] > level_max[grouping(t, level)]: level_max[grouping(t, level)] = cuml_combo[grouping(t, level)] level_peak[grouping(t, level)] = Peak(time_point=t.time_point, qty1=node_qty1[grouping(t, level)], qty2=node_qty2[grouping(t, level)]) return level_peak system_peak = find_peaks('system', dataset) cluster_peak = find_peaks('cluster', dataset) node_peak = find_peaks('node', dataset) For the (non-grouped) system-level calculations, I also came up with this, which is pretty: dataset.sort(key=operator.attrgetter('time_point')) def cuml_sum(seq): rseq = [] t = 0 for i in seq: t += i rseq.append(t) return rseq time_get = operator.attrgetter('time_point') q1_get = operator.attrgetter('qty1') q2_get = operator.attrgetter('qty2') timeline = [time_get(t) for t in dataset] cuml_qty1 = cuml_sum([q1_get(t) for t in dataset]) cuml_qty2 = cuml_sum([q2_get(t) for t in dataset]) cuml_combo = [q1 + q2 for q1, q2 in zip(cuml_qty1, cuml_qty2)] combo_max = max(cuml_combo) time_max = timeline.index(combo_max) q1_at_max = cuml_qty1.index(time_max) q2_at_max = cuml_qty2.index(time_max) However, despite this version's cool use of list comprehensions and zip(), it loops through the dataset three times just for the system-level calculations, and I can't think of a good way to do the cluster-level and node-level calaculations without doing something slow like: timeline = defaultdict(int) cuml_qty1 = defaultdict(int) #...etc. for c in cluster_list: timeline[c] = [time_get(t) for t in dataset if t.cluster == c] cuml_qty1[c] = [q1_get(t) for t in dataset if t.cluster == c] #...etc. Does anyone here at Stack Overflow have suggestions for improvements? The first snippet above runs well for my initial dataset (on the order of a million records), but later datasets will have more records and clusters/nodes, so scalability is a concern. This is my first non-trivial use of Python, and I want to make sure I'm taking proper advantage of the language (this is replacing a very convoluted set of SQL queries, and earlier versions of the Python version were essentially very ineffecient straight transalations of what that did). I don't normally do much programming, so I may be missing something elementary. Many thanks!

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  • Python dictionary key missing

    - by Greg K
    I thought I'd put together a quick script to consolidate the CSS rules I have distributed across multiple CSS files, then I can minify it. I'm new to Python but figured this would be a good exercise to try a new language. My main loop isn't parsing the CSS as I thought it would. I populate a list with selectors parsed from the CSS files to return the CSS rules in order. Later in the script, the list contains an element that is not found in the dictionary. for line in self.file.readlines(): if self.hasSelector(line): selector = self.getSelector(line) if selector not in self.order: self.order.append(selector) elif selector and self.hasProperty(line): # rules.setdefault(selector,[]).append(self.getProperty(line)) property = self.getProperty(line) properties = [] if selector not in rules else rules[selector] if property not in properties: properties.append(property) rules[selector] = properties # print "%s :: %s" % (selector, "".join(rules[selector])) return rules Error encountered: $ css-combine combined.css test1.css test2.css Traceback (most recent call last): File "css-combine", line 108, in <module> c.run(outfile, stylesheets) File "css-combine", line 64, in run [(selector, rules[selector]) for selector in parser.order], KeyError: 'p' Swap the inputs: $ css-combine combined.css test2.css test1.css Traceback (most recent call last): File "css-combine", line 108, in <module> c.run(outfile, stylesheets) File "css-combine", line 64, in run [(selector, rules[selector]) for selector in parser.order], KeyError: '#header_.title' I've done some quirky things in the code like sub spaces for underscores in dictionary key names in case it was an issue - maybe this is a benign precaution? Depending on the order of the inputs, a different key cannot be found in the dictionary. The script: #!/usr/bin/env python import optparse import re class CssParser: def __init__(self): self.file = False self.order = [] # store rules assignment order def parse(self, rules = {}): if self.file == False: raise IOError("No file to parse") selector = False for line in self.file.readlines(): if self.hasSelector(line): selector = self.getSelector(line) if selector not in self.order: self.order.append(selector) elif selector and self.hasProperty(line): # rules.setdefault(selector,[]).append(self.getProperty(line)) property = self.getProperty(line) properties = [] if selector not in rules else rules[selector] if property not in properties: properties.append(property) rules[selector] = properties # print "%s :: %s" % (selector, "".join(rules[selector])) return rules def hasSelector(self, line): return True if re.search("^([#a-z,\.:\s]+){", line) else False def getSelector(self, line): s = re.search("^([#a-z,:\.\s]+){", line).group(1) return "_".join(s.strip().split()) def hasProperty(self, line): return True if re.search("^\s?[a-z-]+:[^;]+;", line) else False def getProperty(self, line): return re.search("([a-z-]+:[^;]+;)", line).group(1) class Consolidator: """Class to consolidate CSS rule attributes""" def run(self, outfile, files): parser = CssParser() rules = {} for file in files: try: parser.file = open(file) rules = parser.parse(rules) except IOError: print "Cannot read file: " + file finally: parser.file.close() self.serialize( [(selector, rules[selector]) for selector in parser.order], outfile ) def serialize(self, rules, outfile): try: f = open(outfile, "w") for rule in rules: f.write( "%s {\n\t%s\n}\n\n" % ( " ".join(rule[0].split("_")), "\n\t".join(rule[1]) ) ) except IOError: print "Cannot write output to: " + outfile finally: f.close() def init(): op = optparse.OptionParser( usage="Usage: %prog [options] <output file> <stylesheet1> " + "<stylesheet2> ... <stylesheetN>", description="Combine CSS rules spread across multiple " + "stylesheets into a single file" ) opts, args = op.parse_args() if len(args) < 3: if len(args) == 1: print "Error: No input files specified.\n" elif len(args) == 2: print "Error: One input file specified, nothing to combine.\n" op.print_help(); exit(-1) return [opts, args] if __name__ == '__main__': opts, args = init() outfile, stylesheets = [args[0], args[1:]] c = Consolidator() c.run(outfile, stylesheets) Test CSS file 1: body { background-color: #e7e7e7; } p { margin: 1em 0em; } File 2: body { font-size: 16px; } #header .title { font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 1.9em; } #header .title a, #header .title a:hover { color: #f5f5f5; border-bottom: none; text-shadow: 2px 2px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1); } Thanks in advance.

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  • globals and locals in python exec()

    - by hawkettc
    Hi, I'm trying to run a piece of python code using exec. my_code = """ class A(object): pass print 'locals: %s' % locals() print 'A: %s' % A class B(object): a_ref = A """ global_env = {} local_env = {} my_code_AST = compile(my_code, "My Code", "exec") exec(my_code_AST, global_env, local_env) print local_env which results in the following output locals: {'A': <class 'A'>} A: <class 'A'> Traceback (most recent call last): File "python_test.py", line 16, in <module> exec(my_code_AST, global_env, local_env) File "My Code", line 8, in <module> File "My Code", line 9, in B NameError: name 'A' is not defined However, if I change the code to this - my_code = """ class A(object): pass print 'locals: %s' % locals() print 'A: %s' % A class B(A): pass """ global_env = {} local_env = {} my_code_AST = compile(my_code, "My Code", "exec") exec(my_code_AST, global_env, local_env) print local_env then it works fine - giving the following output - locals: {'A': <class 'A'>} A: <class 'A'> {'A': <class 'A'>, 'B': <class 'B'>} Clearly A is present and accessible - what's going wrong in the first piece of code? I'm using 2.6.5, cheers, Colin * UPDATE 1 * If I check the locals() inside the class - my_code = """ class A(object): pass print 'locals: %s' % locals() print 'A: %s' % A class B(object): print locals() a_ref = A """ global_env = {} local_env = {} my_code_AST = compile(my_code, "My Code", "exec") exec(my_code_AST, global_env, local_env) print local_env Then it becomes clear that locals() is not the same in both places - locals: {'A': <class 'A'>} A: <class 'A'> {'__module__': '__builtin__'} Traceback (most recent call last): File "python_test.py", line 16, in <module> exec(my_code_AST, global_env, local_env) File "My Code", line 8, in <module> File "My Code", line 10, in B NameError: name 'A' is not defined However, if I do this, there is no problem - def f(): class A(object): pass class B(object): a_ref = A f() print 'Finished OK' * UPDATE 2 * ok, so the docs here - http://docs.python.org/reference/executionmodel.html 'A class definition is an executable statement that may use and define names. These references follow the normal rules for name resolution. The namespace of the class definition becomes the attribute dictionary of the class. Names defined at the class scope are not visible in methods.' It seems to me that 'A' should be made available as a free variable within the executable statement that is the definition of B, and this happens when we call f(), but not when we use exec(). This can be more easily shown with the following - my_code = """ class A(object): pass print 'locals in body: %s' % locals() print 'A: %s' % A def f(): print 'A in f: %s' % A f() class B(object): a_ref = A """ which outputs locals in body: {'A': <class 'A'>} A: <class 'A'> Traceback (most recent call last): File "python_test.py", line 20, in <module> exec(my_code_AST, global_env, local_env) File "My Code", line 11, in <module> File "My Code", line 9, in f NameError: global name 'A' is not defined So I guess the new question is - why aren't those locals being exposed as free variables in functions and class definitions - it seems like a pretty standard closure scenario.

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  • Problem using easy_install on Windows 7, 64 bit. (cannot find python.exe)

    - by Rune
    Hi, I have just now installed Python 2.6 on my Windows 7 (64 bit) Lenovo t61p laptop. I have downloaded Sphinx and nose and apparently installed them correctly using python setup.py install (at least no errors were reported during the installation). Now I am trying to install pymongo using easy_install but I am not having much success. It seems that easy_install isn't working at all. I execute easy_install as administrator: C:\>easy_install Cannot find Python executable C:\Program Files\Python26\python.exe The path C:\Program Files\Python26\python.exe is correct. I have found this bug report on bugs.python.org which seems to be related, although its status is 'Resolved'. Do you have any ideas as to what may be wrong? Any pointers, hints or tips for diagnosing the problem further would be greatly appreciated. EDIT: This is the stacktrace I receive when trying to install pymongo: C:\Users\Rune Ibsen\Documents\Downloads\pymongo-1.4>python setup.py install running install running bdist_egg running egg_info writing pymongo.egg-info\PKG-INFO writing top-level names to pymongo.egg-info\top_level.txt writing dependency_links to pymongo.egg-info\dependency_links.txt reading manifest file 'pymongo.egg-info\SOURCES.txt' reading manifest template 'MANIFEST.in' writing manifest file 'pymongo.egg-info\SOURCES.txt' installing library code to build\bdist.win-amd64\egg running install_lib running build_py running build_ext building 'pymongo._cbson' extension Traceback (most recent call last): File "setup.py", line 166, in <module> "doc": doc}) File "C:\Program Files\Python26\lib\distutils\core.py", line 152, in setup dist.run_commands() File "C:\Program Files\Python26\lib\distutils\dist.py", line 975, in run_commands self.run_command(cmd) File "C:\Program Files\Python26\lib\distutils\dist.py", line 995, in run_command cmd_obj.run() File "C:\Program Files\Python26\lib\site-packages\setuptools-0.6c9-py2.6.egg\setuptools\command\install.py", line 76, in run File "C:\Program Files\Python26\lib\site-packages\setuptools-0.6c9-py2.6.egg\setuptools\command\install.py", line 96, in do_egg_install File "C:\Program Files\Python26\lib\distutils\cmd.py", line 333, in run_command self.distribution.run_command(command) File "C:\Program Files\Python26\lib\distutils\dist.py", line 995, in run_command cmd_obj.run() File "C:\Program Files\Python26\lib\site-packages\setuptools-0.6c9-py2.6.egg\setuptools\command\bdist_egg.py", line 174, in run File "C:\Program Files\Python26\lib\site-packages\setuptools-0.6c9-py2.6.egg\setuptools\command\bdist_egg.py", line 161, in call_command File "C:\Program Files\Python26\lib\distutils\cmd.py", line 333, in run_command self.distribution.run_command(command) File "C:\Program Files\Python26\lib\distutils\dist.py", line 995, in run_command cmd_obj.run() File "C:\Program Files\Python26\lib\site-packages\setuptools-0.6c9-py2.6.egg\setuptools\command\install_lib.py", line 20, in run File "C:\Program Files\Python26\lib\distutils\command\install_lib.py", line 113, in build self.run_command('build_ext') File "C:\Program Files\Python26\lib\distutils\cmd.py", line 333, in run_command self.distribution.run_command(command) File "C:\Program Files\Python26\lib\distutils\dist.py", line 995, in run_command cmd_obj.run() File "setup.py", line 107, in run build_ext.run(self) File "C:\Program Files\Python26\lib\distutils\command\build_ext.py", line 340, in run self.build_extensions() File "C:\Program Files\Python26\lib\distutils\command\build_ext.py", line 449, in build_extensions self.build_extension(ext) File "setup.py", line 117, in build_extension build_ext.build_extension(self, ext) File "C:\Program Files\Python26\lib\distutils\command\build_ext.py", line 499, in build_extension depends=ext.depends) File "C:\Program Files\Python26\lib\distutils\msvc9compiler.py", line 448, in compile self.initialize() File "C:\Program Files\Python26\lib\distutils\msvc9compiler.py", line 358, in initialize vc_env = query_vcvarsall(VERSION, plat_spec) File "C:\Program Files\Python26\lib\distutils\msvc9compiler.py", line 274, in query_vcvarsall raise ValueError(str(list(result.keys()))) ValueError: [u'path'] C:\Users\Rune Ibsen\Documents\Downloads\pymongo-1.4> PS.: I previously installed Python 3.1 but later installed 2.6 because I am not sure whether pymongo supports 3.1. PPS.: I have tried installing pymongo using the python setup.py install approach, but this resulted in a nasty-looking stack trace, so I thought I would try to let easy_install take care of it for me. PPPS.: I am completely new to Python, easy_install, eggs etc.

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  • Python XLWT attempt to overwrite cell workaround

    - by PPTim
    Hi, Using the python module xlwt, writing to the same cell twice throws an error: Message File Name Line Position Traceback <module> S:\******** write C:\Python26\lib\site-packages\xlwt\Worksheet.py 1003 write C:\Python26\lib\site-packages\xlwt\Row.py 231 insert_cell C:\Python26\lib\site-packages\xlwt\Row.py 150 Exception: Attempt to overwrite cell: sheetname=u'Sheet 1' rowx=1 colx=12 with the code snippet def insert_cell(self, col_index, cell_obj): if col_index in self.__cells: if not self.__parent._cell_overwrite_ok: msg = "Attempt to overwrite cell: sheetname=%r rowx=%d colx=%d" \ % (self.__parent.name, self.__idx, col_index) raise Exception(msg) #row 150 prev_cell_obj = self.__cells[col_index] sst_idx = getattr(prev_cell_obj, 'sst_idx', None) if sst_idx is not None: self.__parent_wb.del_str(sst_idx) self.__cells[col_index] = cell_obj Looks like the code 'raise'es an exception which halts the entire process. Is removing the 'raise' term enough to allow for overwriting cells? I appreciate xlwt's warning, but i thought the pythonic way is to assume "we know what we're doing". I don't want to break anything else in touching the module.

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  • Usabe of Python 3 super()

    - by deamon
    I wonder when to use what flavour of Python 3 super(). Help on class super in module builtins: class super(object) | super() -> same as super(__class__, <first argument>) | super(type) -> unbound super object | super(type, obj) -> bound super object; requires isinstance(obj, type) | super(type, type2) -> bound super object; requires issubclass(type2, type) Until now I've used super() only without arguments and it worked as expected (by a Java developer). Questions: What does "bound" mean in this context? What is the difference between bound and unbound super object? When to use super(type, obj) and when super(type, type2)? Would it be better to name the super class like in Mother.__init__(...)?

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  • Python: split files using mutliple split delimiters

    - by donalmg
    Hi, I have multiple CSV files which I need to parse in a loop to gather information. The problem is that while they are the same format, some are delimited by '\t' and others by ','. After this, I want to remove the double-quote from around the string. Can python split via multiple possible delimiters? At the minute, I can split the line with one by using: f = open(filename, "r") fields = f.readlines() for fs in fields: sf = fs.split('\t') tf = [fi.strip ('"') for fi in sf] Any suggestions are welcome.

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