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• Cannot enable Additional drivers for Broadcom in 12.10

  - by Compt

  tl;dr version: Additional Drivers does not work for enabling a driver in Ubuntu 12.10, however it worked in 12.04. I upgraded to Ubuntu 12.10 from 12.04 via a live USB. I did a fresh install to avoid any conflicts. From 12.04 I know that my wireless card has proprietary drivers that could be installed via Additional Drivers. I did eventually find additional drivers in the software sources menu, however when I attempt to switch to Broadcom 802.11 Linux STA wireless driver source from bcmwl-kernel-source, it not only does not work, it in fact disables my wireless completely. The only way to revert this is to restart, and revert back to "do not use the device". Then upon another restart, my wireless will function once again. I was curious if anyone else had this issue, and if there was a fix for it as of yet. I looked on launchpad and it may be a potential bug, but I am unsure. Any help would be greatly appreciated (and sorry for that wall of text). Until then, I'll continue to use my wireless as it is (or revert to 12.04), but I do notice a slower connection without it enabled.

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• Thoughts on type aliases/synonyms?

  - by Rei Miyasaka

  I'm going to try my best to frame this question in a way that doesn't result in a language war or list, because I think there could be a good, technical answer to this question. Different languages support type aliases to varying degrees. C# allows type aliases to be declared at the beginning of each code file, and they're valid only throughout that file. Languages like ML/Haskell use type aliases probably as much as they use type definitions. C/C++ are sort of a Wild West, with typedef and #define often being used seemingly interchangeably to alias types. The upsides of type aliasing don't invoke too much dispute: It makes it convenient to define composite types that are described naturally by the language, e.g. type Coordinate = float * float or type String = [Char]. Long names can be shortened: using DSBA = System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepBoundaryAttribute. In languages like ML or Haskell, where function parameters often don't have names, type aliases provide a semblance of self-documentation. The downside is a bit more iffy: aliases can proliferate, making it difficult to read and understand code or to learn a platform. The Win32 API is a good example, with its DWORD = int and its HINSTANCE = HANDLE = void* and its LPHANDLE = HANDLE FAR* and such. In all of these cases it hardly makes any sense to distinguish between a HANDLE and a void pointer or a DWORD and an integer etc.. Setting aside the philosophical debate of whether a king should give complete freedom to their subjects and let them be responsible for themselves or whether they should have all of their questionable actions intervened, could there be a happy medium that would allow the benefits of type aliasing while mitigating the risk of its abuse? As an example, the issue of long names can be solved by good autocomplete features. Visual Studio 2010 for instance will alllow you to type DSBA in order to refer Intellisense to System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepBoundaryAttribute. Could there be other features that would provide the other benefits of type aliasing more safely?

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• Parallel Class/Interface Hierarchy with the Facade Design Pattern?

  - by Mike G

  About a third of my code is wrapped inside a Facade class. Note that this isn't a "God" class, but actually represents a single thing (called a Line). Naturally, it delegates responsibilities to the subsystem behind it. What ends up happening is that two of the subsystem classes (Output and Timeline) have all of their methods duplicated in the Line class, which effectively makes Line both an Output and a Timeline. It seems to make sense to make Output and Timeline interfaces, so that the Line class can implement them both. At the same time, I'm worried about creating parallel class and interface structures. You see, there are different types of lines AudioLine, VideoLine, which all use the same type of Timeline, but different types of Output (AudioOutput and VideoOutput, respectively). So that would mean that I'd have to create an AudioOutputInterface and VideoOutputInterface as well. So not only would I have to have parallel class hierarchy, but there would be a parallel interface hierarchy as well. Is there any solution to this design flaw? Here's an image of the basic structure (minus the Timeline class, though know that each Line has-a Timeline): NOTE: I just realized that the word 'line' in Timeline might make is sound like is does a similar function as the Line class. They don't, just to clarify.

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• ubuntu 12.04 desktop Error: unknown command 'gfxmode'. Pressing any key continues

  - by Andy

  Premise: linux noobie here, I have the same issue as OP: fresh 12.04 desktop, changed grub with grub customizer, now I get a: unknown command 'gfxmode' press ...etc was asked to "re-post" this question and link to this thread which I refer to above. I have tried what Tarek said, and nothing seems to work, I find two lines with gfxmode: function gfxmode { gfxmode \$linux_gfx_mode Note: not sure if it matter but in the error the two single quotes before gfxmode are not the same, the first is a slanted quote mark, the second (after gfxmode) is a straight one. I commented out the whole line, I tried to add 'set' before gfxmode, neither did any difference. I found another place that said to remove the line from another file 40_custom, but I checked and those files do not contain anything relating to the line we are looking for: gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode Not sure what I am missing, but the file linux.save has recently appeared when searching for the line. Not sure if its just a temp file of some kind. In any case I cannot seem to get it, what am I missing? Thanks! P.S. sorry for any messups in form :)

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• Lost WiFi after 12.10 upgrade

  - by Steven Guillory

  I received my new Dell Vostro 2420 last week, and just got around to upgrading from 11.10 to 12.10. Unfortunately, like many others (after researching the issue), I no longer have WiFi. I have tried every sudo command given that worked for others, and still can't get my wireless to function. I am new to Linux, so any and all help is appreciated. Thanks in advance! Edit: I can connect via ethernet, just not via wifi. As a matter of fact, when I use Fn + F2 to turn on wifi, only my bluetooth comes on. lspci 00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family DRAM Controller (rev 09) 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 09) 00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point MEI Controller #1 (rev 04) 00:1a.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB Enhanced Host Controller #2 (rev 04) 00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation Panther Point High Definition Audio Controller (rev 04) 00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev c4) 00:1c.3 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 4 (rev c4) 00:1c.5 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 6 (rev c4) 00:1d.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB Enhanced Host Controller #1 (rev 04) 00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point LPC Controller (rev 04) 00:1f.2 SATA controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point 6 port SATA Controller [AHCI mode] (rev 04) 00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation Panther Point SMBus Controller (rev 04) 07:00.0 Network controller: Broadcom Corporation Device 4365 (rev 01) 09:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller (rev 07) This is what I am getting... dpkg: error: --install needs at least one package archive file argument Type dpkg --help for help about installing and deinstalling packages [*]; Use dselect or aptitude for user-friendly package management; Type dpkg -Dhelp for a list of dpkg debug flag values; Type dpkg --force-help for a list of forcing options; Type dpkg-deb --help for help about manipulating *.deb files; Options marked [*] produce a lot of output - pipe it through less or more !

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• Is an event loop just a for/while loop with optimized polling?

  - by Alan

  I'm trying to understand what an event loop is. Often the explanation is that in the event loop, you do something until you're notified that an event occurred. You than handle the event and continue doing what you did before. To map the above definition with an example. I have a server which 'listens' in a event loop, and when a socket connection is detected, the data from it gets read and displayed, after which the server goes to the listening it did before. However, this event happening and us getting notified 'just like that' are to much for me to handle. You can say: "It's not 'just like that' you have to register an event listener". But what's an event listener but a function which for some reason isn't returning. Is it in it's own loop, waiting to be notified when an event happens? Should the event listener also register an event listener? Where does it end? Events are a nice abstraction to work with, however just an abstraction. I believe that in the end, polling is unavoidable. Perhaps we are not doing it in our code, but the lower levels (the programming language implementation or the OS) are doing it for us. It basically comes down to the following pseudo code which is running somewhere low enough so it doesn't result in busy waiting: while(True): do stuff check if event has happened (poll) do other stuff This is my understanding of the whole idea, and i would like to hear if this is correct. I am open in accepting that the whole idea is fundamentally wrong, in which case I would like the correct explanation. Best regards

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• What's the best way to manage error logging for exceptions?

  - by Peter Boughton

  Introduction If an error occurs on a website or system, it is of course useful to log it, and show the user a polite message with a reference code for the error. And if you have lots of systems, you don't want this information dotted around - it is good to have a single centralised place for it. At the simplest level, all that's needed is an incrementing id and a serialized dump of the error details. (And possibly the "centralised place" being an email inbox.) At the other end of the spectrum is perhaps a fully normalised database that also allows you to press a button and see a graph of errors per day, or identifying what the most common type of error on system X is, whether server A has more database connection errors than server B, and so on. What I'm referring to here is logging code-level errors/exceptions by a remote system - not "human-based" issue tracking, such as done with Jira,Trac,etc. Questions I'm looking for thoughts from developers who have used this type of system, specifically with regards to: What are essential features you couldn't do without? What are good to have features that really save you time? What features might seem a good idea, but aren't actually that useful? For example, I'd say a "show duplicates" function that identifies multiple occurrence of an error (without worrying about 'unimportant' details that might differ) is pretty essential. A button to "create an issue in [Jira/etc] for this error" sounds like a good time-saver. Just to re-iterate, what I'm after is practical experiences from people that have used such systems, preferably backed-up with why a feature is awesome/terrible. (If you're going to theorise anyway, at the very least mark your answer as such.)

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• Is it good idea to require to commit only working code?

  - by Astronavigator

  Sometimes I hear people saying something like "All committed code must be working". In some articles people even write descriptions how to create svn or git hooks that compile and test code before commit. In my company we usually create one branch for a feature, and one programmer usually works in this branch. I often (1 per 100, I think and as I think with good reason) do non-compilable commits. It seems to me that requirement of "always compilable/stable" commits conflicts with the idea of frequent commits. A programmer would rather make one commit in a week than test the whole project's stability/compilability ten times a day. For only compilable code I use tags and some selected branches (trunk etc). I see these reasons to commit not fully working or not compilable code: If I develop a new feature, it is hard to make it work writing a few lines of code. If I am editing a feature, it is again sometimes hard to keep code working every time. If I am changing some function's prototype or interface, I would also make hundreds of changes, not mechanical changes, but intellectual. Sometimes one of them could cause me to carry out hundreds of commits (but if I want all commits to be stable I should commit 1 time instead of 100). In all these cases to make stable commits I would make commits containing many-many-many changes and it will be very-very-very hard to find out "What happened in this commit?". Another aspect of this problem is that compiling code gives no guarantee of proper working. So is it good idea to require every commit to be stable/compilable? Does it depends on branching model or CVS? In your company, is it forbidden to make non compilable commits? Is it (and why) a bad idea to use only selected branches (including trunk) and tags for stable versions?

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• Is goto to improve DRY-ness OK?

  - by Marco Scannadinari

  My code has many checks to detect errors in various cases (many conditions would result in the same error), inside a function returning an error struct. Instead of looking like this: err_struct myfunc(...) { err_struct error = { .error = false }; ... if(something) { error.error = true; error.description = "invalid input"; return error; } ... case 1024: error.error = true; error.description = "invalid input"; // same error, but different detection scenario return error; break; // don't comment on this break please (EDIT: pun unintended) ... Is use of goto in the following context considered better than the previous example? err_struct myfunc(...) { err_struct error = { .error = false }; ... if(something) goto invalid_input; ... case 1024: goto invalid_input; break; return error; invalid_input: error.error = true; error.description = "invalid input"; return error;

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• Strange behavior of RigidBody with gravity and impulse applied

  - by Heisenbug

  I'm doing some experiments trying to figure out how physics works in Unity. I created a cube mesh with a BoxCollider and a RigidBody. The cuve is laying on a mesh plane with a BoxCollider. I'm trying to update the object position applying a force on its RigidBody. Inside script FixedUpdate function I'm doing the following: public void FixedUpdate() { if (leftButtonPressed()) this.rigidbody.AddForce( this.transform.forward * this.forceStrength, ForceMode.Impulse); } Despite the object is aligned with the world axis and the force is applied along Z axis, it performs a quite big rotation movement around its y axis. Since I didn't modify the center of mass and the BoxCollider position and dimension, all values should be fine. Removing gravity and letting the object flying without touching the plane, the problem doesn't show. So I suppose it's related to the friction between objects, but I can't understand exactly which is the problem. Why this? What's my mistake? How can I fix this, or what's the right way to do such a moving an object on a plane through a force impulse?

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• What do you wish language designers paid attention to?

  - by Berin Loritsch

  The purpose of this question is not to assemble a laundry list of programming language features that you can't live without, or wish was in your main language of choice. The purpose of this question is to bring to light corners of languge design most language designers might not think about. So, instead of thinking about language feature X, think a little more philisophically. One of my biases, and perhaps it might be controversial, is that the softer side of engineering--the whys and what fors--are many times more important than the more concrete side. For example, Ruby was designed with a stated goal of improving developer happiness. While your opinions may be mixed on whether it delivered or not, the fact that was a goal means that some of the choices in language design were influenced by that philosophy. Please do not post: Syntax flame wars (I could care less whether you use whitespace [Python], keywords [Ruby], or curly braces [Java, C/C++, et. al.] to denote program blocks). That's just an implementation detail. "Any language that doesn't have feature X doesn't deserve to exist" type comments. There is at least one reason for all programming languages to exist--good or bad. Please do post: Philisophical ideas that language designers seem to miss. Technical concepts that seem to be poorly implemented more often than not. Please do provide an example of the pain it causes and if you have any ideas of how you would prefer it to function. Things you wish were in the platform's common library but seldom are. One the same token, things that usually are in a common library that you wish were not. Conceptual features such as built in test/assertion/contract/error handling support that you wish all programming languages would implement properly--and define properly. My hope is that this will be a fun and stimulating topic.

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• Elliptical orbit modeling

  - by Nathon

  I'm playing with orbits in a simple 2-d game where a ship flies around in space and is attracted to massive things. The ship's velocity is stored in a vector and acceleration is applied to it every frame as appropriate given Newton's law of universal gravitation. The point masses don't move (there's only 1 right now) so I would expect an elliptical orbit. Instead, I see this: I've tried with nearly circular orbits, and I've tried making the masses vastly different (a factor of a million) but I always get this rotated orbit. Here's some (D) code, for context: void accelerate(Vector delta) { velocity = velocity + delta; // Velocity is a member of the ship class. } // This function is called every frame with the fixed mass. It's a // method of the ship's. void fall(Well well) { // f=(m1 * m2)/(r**2) // a=f/m // Ship mass is 1, so a = f. float mass = 1; Vector delta = well.position - loc; float rSquared = delta.magSquared; float force = well.mass/rSquared; accelerate(delta * force * mass); }

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• Tracking Outgoing Links With Google Analytics Events

  - by the_archer

  I've been trying to track clicks on external links on my website using the events tracking method. So I've got my Google Analytics code setup before body ends as shown below (note: quotes have been entitied by blogger, but it works fine): <script type='text/javascript'> var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push([&#39;_setAccount&#39;, &#39;UA-XXXXXXX-X#39;]); _gaq.push([&#39;_trackPageview&#39;]); (function() { var ga = document.createElement(&#39;script&#39;); ga.type = &#39;text/javascript&#39;; ga.async = true; ga.src = (&#39;https:&#39; == document.location.protocol ? &#39;https://ssl&#39; : &#39;http://www&#39;) + &#39;.google-analytics.com/ga.js&#39;; var s = document.getElementsByTagName(&#39;script&#39;)[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); })(); </script> Now I wanted to track a link on the addthis.com follow widget. So there is a link of the type below to which following instructions from here I added the onclick event. <a addthis:url='http://feeds.feedburner.com/myfeedburnerlurl' onClick="_gaq.push(['_trackEvent', 'Subscription Clicks', 'RSS']);" class='addthis_button_rss_follow'/> I clicked on it a couple of times, left it for over a day now, but nothing shows up in google analytics events. It just says zero events. Here's a screenshot of the events page on GA: Could anybody help me? Am I doing anything wrong?

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• How do I parse a header with two different version [ID3] avoiding code duplication?

  - by user66141

  I really hope you can give me some interesting viewpoints for my situation, because I am not satisfied with my current approach. I am writing an MP3 parser, starting with an ID3v2 parser. Right now I`m working on the extended header parsing, my issue is that the optional header is defined differently in version 2.3 and 2.4 of the tag. The 2.3 version optional header is defined as follows: struct ID3_3_EXTENDED_HEADER{ DWORD dwExtHeaderSize; //Extended header size (either 6 or 8 bytes , excluded) WORD wExtFlags; //Extended header flags DWORD dwSizeOfPadding; //Size of padding (size of the tag excluding the frames and headers) }; While the 2.4 version is defined : struct ID3_4_EXTENDED_HEADER{ DWORD dwExtHeaderSize; //Extended header size (synchsafe int) BYTE bNumberOfFlagBytes; //Number of flag bytes BYTE bFlags; //Flags }; How could I parse the header while minimizing code duplication? Using two different functions to parse each version sounds less great, using a single function with a different flow for each occasion is similar, any good practices for this kind of issues ? Any tips for avoiding code duplication? Any help would be appreciated.

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• Functional programming compared to OOP with classes

  - by luckysmack

  I have been interested in some of the concepts of functional programming lately. I have used OOP for some time now. I can see how I would build a fairly complex app in OOP. Each object would know how to do things that object does. Or anything it's parents class does as well. So I can simply tell Person().speak() to make the person talk. But how do I do similar things in functional programming? I see how functions are first class items. But that function only does one specific thing. Would I simply have a say() method floating around and call it with an equivalent of Person() argument so I know what kind of thing is saying something? So I can see the simple things, just how would I do the comparable of OOP and objects in functional programming, so I can modularize and organize my code base? For reference, my primary experience with OOP is Python, PHP, and some C#. The languages that I am looking at that have functional features are Scala and Haskell. Though I am leaning towards Scala. Basic Example (Python): Animal(object): def say(self, what): print(what) Dog(Animal): def say(self, what): super().say('dog barks: {0}'.format(what)) Cat(Animal): def say(self, what): super().say('cat meows: {0}'.format(what)) dog = Dog() cat = Cat() dog.say('ruff') cat.say('purr')

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• How often is seq used in Haskell production code?

  - by Giorgio

  I have some experience writing small tools in Haskell and I find it very intuitive to use, especially for writing filters (using interact) that process their standard input and pipe it to standard output. Recently I tried to use one such filter on a file that was about 10 times larger than usual and I got a Stack space overflow error. After doing some reading (e.g. here and here) I have identified two guidelines to save stack space (experienced Haskellers, please correct me if I write something that is not correct): Avoid recursive function calls that are not tail-recursive (this is valid for all functional languages that support tail-call optimization). Introduce seq to force early evaluation of sub-expressions so that expressions do not grow to large before they are reduced (this is specific to Haskell, or at least to languages using lazy evaluation). After introducing five or six seq calls in my code my tool runs smoothly again (also on the larger data). However, I find the original code was a bit more readable. Since I am not an experienced Haskell programmer I wanted to ask if introducing seq in this way is a common practice, and how often one will normally see seq in Haskell production code. Or are there any techniques that allow to avoid using seq too often and still use little stack space?

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• How to create an GUI that communicate with the USB Devices

  - by VINAYAK

  I am doing my Project using win 32 programming.I am just learning about win32 programming and able to create an UI.I want to communicate with an USB Device with that UI.SO,How can i go for that?Is there any predefined functions will be there are we need to create the function for communicating with the OS and get the devices List and got the details about them. My purpose is to , 1.Creating an UI that tells about the Basic information about the device(We want to send a control request to the device to get the descriptors). 2.For that first of all i want to communicate with the OS for device attachment.That will lead to get the information about the device and Enumeration takes place and then only i request the device information through descriptors by using standard Requests. 3.And also i want to create the driver for my device.That will also need to achieve for communicating with OS(Windows). So,can anyone help me about this?How can i achieve this or approach this? Note: I am at the entry level now so anyone give response will be in a detailed format like step by step process would be appreciable.

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• Synaptics touchpad problem when disabling it and then enabling it

  - by CYREX

  My girlfriend has an HP dv6000. In ubuntu 10.10 32bit i use the synaptic on it and all is good but when i disable it and enable it the problem starts. when i press the disable button in the synaptics touchpad it disables the mouse AND the keyboard. After enabled the Keyboard keys and Mouse clicks do not work. If i click on the panel below, for example the Applications, Places or System buttons the focus gets stuck there forever. I can open nautilus by clicking on it but i can not use the menus, the ALT+F2 function, see the wireless connections, lower the sound through the panel, etc.. Here comes the weird part. If i press CTRL+ALT+F1 (or any other tty for that matter) and then come back to CTRL+ALT+F7 where the gui is everything works perfect again. This started about a week ago but she told me right now. i checked dmesg which is for sometime now throwing some warnings about Skipping EDID probe do to cached edid but for what i could find out this did not create the problem in the start. NOTE: I do not need to login when i do CTRL+ALT+F1 i just need to change to another tty then come back to F7. What could be causing this problem?

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• Object oriented wrapper around a dll

  - by Tom Davies

  So, I'm writing a C# managed wrapper around a native dll. The dll contains several hundred functions. In most cases, the first argument to each function is an opaque handle to a type internal to the dll. So, an obvious starting point for defining some classes in the wrapper would be to define classes corresponding to each of these opaque types, with each instance holding and managing the opaque handle (passed to its constructor) Things are a little awkward when dealing with callbacks from the dll. Naturally, the callback handlers in my wrapper have to be static, but the callbacks arguments invariable contain an opaque handle. In order to get from the static callback back to an object instance, I've created a static dictionary in each class, associating handles with class instances. In the constructor of each class, an entry is put into the dictionary, and this entry is then removed in the Destructors. When I receive a callback, I can then consult the dictionary to retrieve the class instance corresponding to the opaque reference. Are there any obvious flaws to this? Something that seems to be a problem is that the existence static dictionary means that the garbage collector will not act on my class instances that are otherwise unreachable. As they are never garbage collected, they never get removed from the dictionary, so the dictionary grows. It seems I might have to manually dispose of my objects, which is something absolutely would like to avoid. Can anyone suggest a good design that allows me to avoid having to do this?

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• BusEnum2 and a Minor Bug Fix

  - by Kate Moss' Open Space

  The default root bus driver, BusEnum, enumerate and active drivers one by one in synchronized manner. It is not only slowing the boot time but in the even if any of driver's init function (XXX_init) get hanged, the whole system won't boot at all. There is a sample of enhanced root bus driver, BusEnum2, on the http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd187254.aspx The page provides the sample code and the detail explanation of the design concept. With multi-threaded BusEnum2 on CE7 with SMP enabled system, the scalability is even more significant. Since you have more than one processor and it can load drivers in parallel! Everything looks good so far, except to there is a small bug in the sample code. Fortunately, it is easy to fix. But hard to trace if you ever enc outer it! The BUSENUM2 flag only defined in BUSENUM2\BUSDEF\sources but not in BUSENUM2\BUSENUM\sources. The DeviceFolder is implemented in BUSENUM2\BUSDEF but the instance is created in BUSENUM2\BUSENUM\busenum.cpp, so the result is it allocates less memory than actual need.   Add   CDEFINES=$(CDEFINES) -DBUSENUM2   into BUSENUM2\BUSENUM\sources and the problem fixed!

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• Abstract Factory Method and Polymorphism

  - by Scotty C.

  Being a PHP programmer for the last couple of years, I'm just starting to get into advanced programming styles and using polymorphic patterns. I was watching a video on polymorphism the other day, and the guy giving the lecture said that if at all possible, you should get rid of if statements in your code, and that a switch is almost always a sign that polymorphism is needed. At this point I was quite inspired and immediately went off to try out these new concepts, so I decided to make a small caching module using a factory method. Of course the very first thing I have to do is create a switch to decide what file encoding to choose. DANG! class Main { public static function methodA($parameter='') { switch ($parameter) { case 'a': $object = new \name\space\object1(); break; case 'b': $object = new \name\space\object2(); break; case 'c': $object = new \name\space\object3(); break; default: $object = new \name\space\object1(); } return (sekretInterface $object); } } At this point I'm not really sure what to do. As far as I can tell, I either have to use a different pattern and have separate methods for each object instance, or accept that a switch is necessary to "switch" between them. What do you guys think?

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• how to make a continuous machine gun sound-effect

  - by Jan

  I am trying to make an entity fire one or more machine-guns. For each gun I store the time between shots (1.0 / firing rate) and the time since the last shot. Also I've loaded ~10 different gun-shot sound-effects. Now, for each gun I do the following: function update(deltatime): timeSinceLastShot += deltatime if timeSinceLastShot >= timeBetweenShots + verySmallRandomValue(): timeSinceLastShot -= timeBetweenShots if gunIsFiring: displayMuzzleFlash() spawnBullet() selectRandomSound().play() But now I often get a crackling noise (which I assume is when two or more guns are firing at the same time and confuse the sound-device). My question is whether A) This a common problem and there is a well-known solution, maybe to do with the channels or something, or B) I am using a completely wrong approach to the task. I had a look at some sound-assets for other games and they used complete burst with multiple shots. I suppose I could try that, but I would like to have organic little hickups in the gun-fire (that's what the random value is for) to make the game more gritty and dirty. I am using Panda3D, but I had the exact same problem in PyGame and SDL. [edit] Thanks a lot for the answers so far! One more problem with faking it though: Now how do I stop the sound? Let's say I have an effect with 5 bangs... *bang* *bang* *bang* *bang* *bang* And I magically manage to loop it so that there's no gap or overlap if the player fires more than 5 shots. Now, what do I do if the player stops firing halfway through the third bang? How do I know how long to keep playing the sample so that the third bang is completed and I can start playing the rumbling echo of the last shot? Of course I can look up the shot/pause timing of that sound-sample and code accordingly, but it feels extremely hacky.

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• How do references work in R?

  - by djechlin

  I'm finding R confusing because it has such a different notion of reference than I am used to in languages like C, Java, Javascript... Ruby, Python, C++, well, pretty much any language I have ever programmed in ever. So one thing I've noticed is variable names are not irrelevant when passing them to something else. The reference can be part of the data. e.g. per this tutorial a <- factor(c("A","A","B","A","B","B","C","A","C")) results <- table(a) Leads to $a showing up as an attribute as $dimnames$a. We've also witnessed that calling a function like a <- foo(alpha=1, beta=2) can create attributes in a of names alpha and beta, or it can assign or otherwise compute on 1 and 2 to properties already existing. (Not that there's a computer science distinction here - it just doesn't really happen in something like Javascript, unless you want to emulate it by passing in the object and use key=value there.) Functions like names(...) return lvalues that will affect the input of them. And the one that most got me is this. x <- c(3, 5, 1, 10, 12, 6) y = x[x <= 5] x[y] <- 0 is different from x <- c(3, 5, 1, 10, 12, 6) x[x <= 5] <- 0 Color me confused. Is there a consistent theory for what's going on here?

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• Why does my player stop when stepping onto a new tile?

  - by user220631

  Me and my friend are creating a game from scratch. He is in charge of art design and I am in charge of coding. I have done well so far with the code, but I have a collision detection problem when the character moves right: Once the player moves right, whenever a new block is encountered, the player stops. I don't know if this is a problem with collision or the player but I can't work around it. Here is the collision code: this.IsColliding = function(obj) { if(this.X > obj.X + obj.Width) return false; else if(this.X + this.Width < obj.X) return false; else if(this.Y > obj.Y + obj.Height) return false; else if(this.Y + this.Height < obj.Y) return false; else return true; } I also wanted to see if there as a way to make the player collide with the bottom of the block and the right side of the block instead of running through it.

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• Html 5 clock, part ii - CSS marker classes and getElementsByClassName

  - by Norgean

  The clock I made in part i displays the time in "long" - "It's a quarter to ten" (but in Norwegian). To save space, some letters are shared, "sevenineight" is four letters shorter than "seven nine eight". We only want to highlight the "correct" parts of this, for example "sevenineight". When I started programming the clock, each letter had its own unique ID, and my script would "get" each element individually, and highlight / hide each element according to some obscure logic. I quickly realized, despite being in a post surgery haze, …this is a stupid way to do it. And, to paraphrase NPH, if you find yourself doing something stupid, stop, and be awesome instead. We want an easy way to get all the items we want to highlight. Perhaps we can use the new getElementsByClassName function? Try to mark each element with a classname or two. So in "sevenineight": 's' is marked as 'h7', and the first 'n' is marked with both 'h7' and 'h9' (h for hour). <div class='h7 h9'>N</div><div class='h9'>I</div> getElementsByClassName('h9') will return the four letters of "nine". Notice that these classes are not backed by any CSS, they only appear directly in html (and are used in javascript). I have not seen classes used this way elsewhere, and have chosen to call them "marker classes" - similar to marker interfaces - until somebody comes up with a better name.

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