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  • How to program simple chat bot AI?

    - by Larsenal
    I want to build a bot that asks someone a few simple questions and branches based on the answer. I realize parsing meaning from the human responses will be challenging, but how do you setup the program to deal with the "state" of the conversation? EDIT: It will be a one-to-one conversation between a human and the bot.

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  • What's the best way of accessing a DRb object (e.g. Ruby Queue) from Scala (and Java)?

    - by Tom Morris
    I have built a variety of little scripts using Ruby's very simple Queue class, and share the Queue between Ruby and JRuby processes using DRb. It would be nice to be able to access these from Scala (and maybe Java) using JRuby. I've put together something Scala and the JSR-223 interface to access jruby-complete.jar. import javax.script._ class DRbQueue(host: String, port: Int) { private var engine = DRbQueue.factory.getEngineByName("jruby") private var invoker = engine.asInstanceOf[Invocable] engine.eval("require \"drb\" ") private var queue = engine.eval("DRbObject.new(nil, \"druby://" + host + ":" + port.toString + "\")") def isEmpty(): Boolean = invoker.invokeMethod(this.queue, "empty?").asInstanceOf[Boolean] def size(): Long = invoker.invokeMethod(this.queue, "length").asInstanceOf[Long] def threadsWaiting: Long = invoker.invokeMethod(this.queue, "num_waiting").asInstanceOf[Long] def offer(obj: Any) = invoker.invokeMethod(this.queue, "push", obj.asInstanceOf[java.lang.Object]) def poll(): Any = invoker.invokeMethod(this.queue, "pop") def clear(): Unit = { invoker.invokeMethod(this.queue, "clear") } } object DRbQueue { var factory = new ScriptEngineManager() } (It conforms roughly to java.util.Queue interface, but I haven't declared the interface because it doesn't implement the element and peek methods because the Ruby class doesn't offer them.) The problem with this is the type conversion. JRuby is fine with Scala's Strings - because they are Java strings. But if I give it a Scala Int or Long, or one of the other Scala types (List, Set, RichString, Array, Symbol) or some other custom type. This seems unnecessarily hacky: surely there has got to be a better way of doing RMI/DRb interop without having to use JSR-223 API. I could either make it so that the offer method serializes the object to, say, a JSON string and takes a structural type of only objects that have a toJson method. I could then write a Ruby wrapper class (or just monkeypatch Queue) to would parse the JSON. Is there any point in carrying on with trying to access DRb from Java/Scala? Might it just be easier to install a real message queue? (If so, any suggestions for a lightweight JVM-based MQ?)

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  • Searching in graphs trees with Depth/Breadth first/A* algorithms

    - by devoured elysium
    I have a couple of questions about searching in graphs/trees: Let's assume I have an empty chess board and I want to move a pawn around from point A to B. A. When using depth first search or breadth first search must we use open and closed lists ? This is, a list that has all the elements to check, and other with all other elements that were already checked? Is it even possible to do it without having those lists? What about A*, does it need it? B. When using lists, after having found a solution, how can you get the sequence of states from A to B? I assume when you have items in the open and closed list, instead of just having the (x, y) states, you have an "extended state" formed with (x, y, parent_of_this_node) ? C. State A has 4 possible moves (right, left, up, down). If I do as first move left, should I let it in the next state come back to the original state? This, is, do the "right" move? If not, must I transverse the search tree every time to check which states I've been to? D. When I see a state in the tree where I've already been, should I just ignore it, as I know it's a dead end? I guess to do this I'd have to always keep the list of visited states, right? E. Is there any difference between search trees and graphs? Are they just different ways to look at the same thing?

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  • What is the fastest way to check if files are identical?

    - by ojblass
    If you have 1,000,0000 source files, you suspect they are all the same, and you want to compare them what is the current fasted method to compare those files? Assume they are Java files and platform where the comparison is done is not important. cksum is making me cry. When I mean identical I mean ALL identical. Update: I know about generating checksums. diff is laughable ... I want speed. Update: Don't get stuck on the fact they are source files. Pretend for example you took a million runs of a program with very regulated output. You want to prove all 1,000,000 versions of the output are the same. Update: read the number of blocks rather than bytes? Immediatly throw out those? Is that faster than finding the number of bytes? Update: Is this ANY different than the fastest way to compare two files?

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  • Tree-like queues

    - by Rehno Lindeque
    I'm implementing a interpreter-like project for which I need a strange little scheduling queue. Since I'd like to try and avoid wheel-reinvention I was hoping someone could give me references to a similar structure or existing work. I know I can simply instantiate multiple queues as I go along, I'm just looking for some perspective by other people who might have better ideas than me ;) I envision that it might work something like this: The structure is a tree with a single root. You get a kind of "insert_iterator" to the root and then push elements onto it (e.g. a and b in the example below). However, at any point you can also split the iterator into multiple iterators, effectively creating branches. The branches cannot merge into a single queue again, but you can start popping elements from the front of the queue (again, using a kind of "visitor_iterator") until empty branches can be discarded (at your discretion). x -> y -> z a -> b -> { g -> h -> i -> j } f -> b Any ideas? Seems like a relatively simple structure to implement myself using a pool of circular buffers but I'm following the "think first, code later" strategy :) Thanks

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  • Testing When Correctness is Poorly Defined?

    - by dsimcha
    I generally try to use unit tests for any code that has easily defined correct behavior given some reasonably small, well-defined set of inputs. This works quite well for catching bugs, and I do it all the time in my personal library of generic functions. However, a lot of the code I write is data mining code that basically looks for significant patterns in large datasets. Correct behavior in this case is often not well defined and depends on a lot of different inputs in ways that are not easy for a human to predict (i.e. the math can't reasonably be done by hand, which is why I'm using a computer to solve the problem in the first place). These inputs can be very complex, to the point where coming up with a reasonable test case is near impossible. Identifying the edge cases that are worth testing is extremely difficult. Sometimes the algorithm isn't even deterministic. Usually, I do the best I can by using asserts for sanity checks and creating a small toy test case with a known pattern and informally seeing if the answer at least "looks reasonable", without it necessarily being objectively correct. Is there any better way to test these kinds of cases?

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  • How to pass non-fatal warnings from a library

    - by wRAR
    A library function parses a file and returns an object. If a parser encounters unknown data, missing values etc., it shouldn't throw an exception and stop parsing (because this is not fatal), but there should be a way to pass information about these things to a caller (so that warnings can be displayed in the UI, for example). How can these warning be returned? I'm thinking of passing a callback function/object into the library, are there any other possible solutions?

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  • When does it make sense to use a map?

    - by kiwicptn
    I am trying to round up cases when it makes sense to use a map (set of key-value entries). So far I have two categories (see below). Assuming more exist, what are they? Please limit each answer to one unique category and put up an example. Property values (like a bean) age -> 30 sex -> male loc -> calgary Presence, with O(1) performance peter -> 1 john -> 1 paul -> 1

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  • What is an efficient way to find a non-colliding rectangle nearest to a location

    - by hyn
    For a 2D game I am working on, I am using y axis sorting in a simple rectangle-based collision detection. This is working fine, and now I want to find the nearest empty rectangle at a given location with a given size, efficiently. How can I do this? Is there an algorithm? I could think of a simple brute force grid test (with each grid the size of the empty space we're looking for) but obviously this is slow and not even a complete test.

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  • Problem Naming an Interface

    - by Jens Schauder
    I have an interface named PropertyFilter which used to take a Propertyand decide if accepts it or not. And the world was good. But now the interface changed, so that implementations may choose to add additional Propertys. For example a Customer property might get expanded into Name and Address properties. I think it is obvious this is not a Filter anymore, but how would you call such a thing?

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  • How are a session identifiers generated?

    - by Asaf R
    Most web applications depend on some kind of session with the user (for instance, to retain login status). The session id is kept as a cookie in the user's browser and sent with every request. To make it hard to guess the next user's session these session-ids need to be sparse and somewhat random. The also have to be unique. The question is - how to efficiently generate session ids that are sparse and unique? This question has a good answer for unique random numbers, but it seems not scalable for a large range of numbers, simply because the array will end up taking a lot of memory.

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  • Starting a code library.

    - by Rob Stevenson-Leggett
    Hi, I've been meaning to start a library of reusable code snippets for a while and never seem to get round to it. I think my main problems are: Where to start. What structure should my library take? Should it be a compiled library (where appropriate or just classes I can drop into any project? Or a library project that can be included? In my experience, a built library will quickly become out of date and the source will get lost. So I'm leaning towards source libraries that I can export from SVN and include in any project. Intellectual property. I am employeed, so a lot of the code I write is not my IP. How can I ensure that I don't give my own IP away using it on projects in work and at home? I'm thinking the best way would be to licence my library with an open source licence and make sure I only add to it in my own time using my own equipment and therefore making sure that if I use it in a work project the same rules apply as if I was using a third party library. I write in many different languages and often would require two or more parts of this library. Should I look at implementing a few template projects and a core project for each of my chosen reusable components and languages? Has anyone else got this sort of library and how do you organise and update it?

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  • How to handle printing of HTML pages?

    - by Jaran
    In my portfolio site I have listed my projects under separate tabs (tab menu). This works well except for printing which requires the user to click on a tab, print, click on the next tab and print the same page again to get everything. Being a portfolio I'd assume that visitors want to print all of the content. Is there a general way to create a different style when printing a web page? Or should I just add a printer icon on my page which redirects the user to a different page where all the data is in a big chunk and then prompt the user's browser to start printing?

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  • How do I load a second view correctly in Swift?

    - by slooker
    I have a view that I'm trying to load in Swift like this, but it crashes with this error: 'NSInternalInconsistencyException', reason: '-[UIViewController _loadViewFromNibNamed:bundle:] loaded the "DetailView" nib but the view outlet was not set.' Here is the code I'm trying to use to load it. Second View Controller import UIKit class DetailViewController: UIViewController { @IBOutlet var nameField: UITextField override func viewDidLoad() { super.viewDidLoad() } } Code to load the view controller: var newViewController = DetailViewController() @IBAction func buttonTapped(AnyObject) { println("button tapped!") self.presentViewController(newViewController, animated: true, nil) } What am I doing wrong?

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  • Sort months ( with strings ) algorithm

    - by Oscar Reyes
    I have this months array: ["January", "March", "December" , "October" ] And I want to have it sorted like this: ["January", "March", "October", "December" ] I'm currently thinking in a "if/else" horrible cascade but I wonder if there is some other way to do this. The bad part is that I need to do this only with "string" ( that is, without using Date object or anything like that ) What would be a good approach?

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  • Using regex to add leading zeroes

    - by hgpc
    I would like to add a certain number of leading zeroes (say up to 3) to all numbers of a string. For example: Input: /2009/5/song 01 of 3 Output: /2009/0005/song 0001 of 0003 What's the best way to do this with regular expressions?

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  • Creating huge images

    - by David Rutten
    My program has the feature to export a hi-res image of the working canvas to the disk. Users will frequently try to export images of about 20,000 x 10,000 pixels @ 32bpp which equals about 800MB. Add that to the serious memory consumption already going on in your average 3D CAD program and you'll pretty much guarantee an out-of-memory crash on 32-bit platforms. So now I'm exporting tiles of 1000x1000 pixels which the user has to stitch together afterwards in a pixel editor. Is there a way I can solve this problem without the user doing any work? I figured I could probably write a small exe that gets command-lined into the process and performs the stitching automatically. It would be a separate process and it would thus have 2GB of ram all to itself. Or is there a better way still? I'd like to support jpg, png and bmp so writing the image as a bytestream to the disk is not really possible.

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  • Unsigneds in order to prevent negative numbers

    - by Bruno Brant
    let's rope I can make this non-sujective Here's the thing: Sometimes, on fixed-typed languages, I restrict input on methods and functions to positive numbers by using the unsigned types, like unsigned int or unsigned double, etc. Most libraries, however, doesn't seem to think that way. Take C# string.Length. It's a integer, even though it can never be negative. Same goes for C/C++: sqrt input is an int or a double. I know there are reasons for this ... for example your argument might be read from a file and (no idea why) you may prefer to send the value directly to the function and check for errors latter (or use a try-catch block). So, I'm assuming that libraries are way better designed than my own code. So what are the reasons against using unsigned numbers to represent positive numbers? It's because of overflow when we cast then back to signed types?

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  • simplify expression k/m%n

    - by aaa
    hello. Simple question, is it possible to simplify (or replace division or modulo by less-expensive operation) (k/m)%n where variables are integers and operators are C style division and modulo operators. what about the case where m and n are constants (both or just one), not based 2? Thank you

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  • Randomly sorting an array

    - by Cam
    Does there exist an algorithm which, given an ordered list of symbols {a1, a2, a3, ..., ak}, produces in O(n) time a new list of the same symbols in a random order without bias? "Without bias" means the probability that any symbol s will end up in some position p in the list is 1/k. Assume it is possible to generate a non-biased integer from 1-k inclusive in O(1) time. Also assume that O(1) element access/mutation is possible, and that it is possible to create a new list of size k in O(k) time. In particular, I would be interested in a 'generative' algorithm. That is, I would be interested in an algorithm that has O(1) initial overhead, and then produces a new element for each slot in the list, taking O(1) time per slot. If no solution exists to the problem as described, I would still like to know about solutions that do not meet my constraints in one or more of the following ways (and/or in other ways if necessary): the time complexity is worse than O(n). the algorithm is biased with regards to the final positions of the symbols. the algorithm is not generative. I should add that this problem appears to be the same as the problem of randomly sorting the integers from 1-k, since we can sort the list of integers from 1-k and then for each integer i in the new list, we can produce the symbol ai.

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  • What are CAD apps written in, and how are they organized ?

    - by ldigas
    What are CAD applications (Rhino, Autocad) of today written in and how are they organized internally ? I gave as an example, Autocad and Rhino, although I would love to hear of other examples as well. I'm particularly interested in knowing what is their backend written in (multilanguage ?) and how is it organized, and how do they handle their frontend (GUI) in real time ? Do they use native windows API's or some libraries of their own, since I imagine, as good as may be, the open source solutions on today's market won't cut it. I may be wrong ... As most of you who have used them know, they handle amongs other things relatively complex rotational operations in realtime (shading is not interesting me). I've been doing some experiments with several packages recently, and for some larger models found that there is considerable difference in speed in, for example, programed rotation (big full ship models) amongst some of them (which I won't name). So I'm wondering about their internals ... Also, if someone knows of some book on the subject, I'd be interested to hear of it.

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