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• Help debugging Sendmail/Mailman configuration issue

  - by inxilpro

  Hi folks, I'm trying to configure a server with Sendmail and Mailman. I've been getting "Broken pipe" errors for a while, and have slowly been debugging. I fixed some permission issues, and changed the user that Mailman expects to be called from, among other things. Finally, I'd gone through everything I could think of, so I added a new test to see if it's the Mailman script or Sendmail that's causing the problem. Here's the error I'm getting now (stripped of timestamps and identifying information): <-- MAIL FROM:[email protected] Authentication-Warning: xxxxx.org: xxxxxxxxxxxxxx.net [xx.xx.xxx.xxx] didn't use HELO protocol --- 250 2.1.0 [email protected]... Sender ok <-- RCPT TO: [email protected] --- 250 2.1.5 [email protected]... Recipient ok <-- DATA --- 354 Enter mail, end with "." on a line by itself [email protected], size=20, class=0, nrcpts=1, msgid=<[email protected]>, proto=SMTP, relay=xxxxxxxxxxxxxx.net [xx.xx.xxx.xxx] --- 250 2.0.0 o6KMg2xZ025804 Message accepted for delivery alias [email protected] => "|/bin/echo foo" SYSERR(root): putbody: write error: Broken pipe 0: fl=0x0, mode=20660: CHR: dev=0/15, ino=776, nlink=1, u/gid=0/0, size=0 1: fl=0x1, mode=20660: CHR: dev=0/15, ino=776, nlink=1, u/gid=0/0, size=0 2: fl=0x1, mode=20660: CHR: dev=0/15, ino=776, nlink=1, u/gid=0/0, size=0 3: fl=0x2, mode=140777: SOCK localhost->[[UNIX: /dev/log]] 5: fl=0x0, mode=100600: dev=8/3, ino=486765, nlink=1, u/gid=0/51, size=5 6: fl=0x8000, mode=100640: dev=8/3, ino=65501, nlink=1, u/gid=0/0, size=12288 7: fl=0x8000, mode=100640: dev=8/3, ino=65501, nlink=1, u/gid=0/0, size=12288 8: fl=0x8000, mode=100640: dev=8/3, ino=65510, nlink=1, u/gid=0/0, size=12288 9: fl=0x8000, mode=100640: dev=8/3, ino=65510, nlink=1, u/gid=0/0, size=12288 10: fl=0x8000, mode=100640: dev=8/3, ino=64814, nlink=1, u/gid=0/51, size=12288 11: fl=0x8000, mode=100640: dev=8/3, ino=64814, nlink=1, u/gid=0/51, size=12288 12: fl=0x1, mode=100600: dev=8/3, ino=486767, nlink=1, u/gid=0/51, size=754 13: fl=0x1, mode=10600: FIFO: dev=0/5, ino=7649785, nlink=1, u/gid=0/51, size=0 14: fl=0x0, mode=10600: FIFO: dev=0/5, ino=7649786, nlink=1, u/gid=0/51, size=0 MCI@0x0: NULL MCI@0x0: NULL to="|/bin/echo foo", [email protected] (8/0), delay=00:00:08, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=prog, pri=30476, dsn=5.0.0, stat=Service unavailable o6KMsnxX025948: DSN: Service unavailable done; delay=00:00:08, ntries=1 The alias in /etc/aliases is: cmtest: "|/bin/echo foo" As you can see, even when trying to pipe to /bin/echo I still get the same error. But I can't for the life of me figure out what else to check. Normal aliases work fine. Any ideas? Thanks!

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• What are good CLI tools for JSON?

  - by jasonmp85

  General Problem Though I may be diagnosing the root cause of an event, determining how many users it affected, or distilling timing logs in order to assess the performance and throughput impact of a recent code change, my tools stay the same: grep, awk, sed, tr, uniq, sort, zcat, tail, head, join, and split. To glue them all together, Unix gives us pipes, and for fancier filtering we have xargs. If these fail me, there's always perl -e. These tools are perfect for processing CSV files, tab-delimited files, log files with a predictable line format, or files with comma-separated key-value pairs. In other words, files where each line has next to no context. XML Analogues I recently needed to trawl through Gigabytes of XML to build a histogram of usage by user. This was easy enough with the tools I had, but for more complicated queries the normal approaches break down. Say I have files with items like this: <foo user="me"> <baz key="zoidberg" value="squid" /> <baz key="leela" value="cyclops" /> <baz key="fry" value="rube" /> </foo> And let's say I want to produce a mapping from user to average number of <baz>s per <foo>. Processing line-by-line is no longer an option: I need to know which user's <foo> I'm currently inspecting so I know whose average to update. Any sort of Unix one liner that accomplishes this task is likely to be inscrutable. Fortunately in XML-land, we have wonderful technologies like XPath, XQuery, and XSLT to help us. Previously, I had gotten accustomed to using the wonderful XML::XPath Perl module to accomplish queries like the one above, but after finding a TextMate Plugin that could run an XPath expression against my current window, I stopped writing one-off Perl scripts to query XML. And I just found out about XMLStarlet which is installing as I type this and which I look forward to using in the future. JSON Solutions? So this leads me to my question: are there any tools like this for JSON? It's only a matter of time before some investigation task requires me to do similar queries on JSON files, and without tools like XPath and XSLT, such a task will be a lot harder. If I had a bunch of JSON that looked like this: { "firstName": "Bender", "lastName": "Robot", "age": 200, "address": { "streetAddress": "123", "city": "New York", "state": "NY", "postalCode": "1729" }, "phoneNumber": [ { "type": "home", "number": "666 555-1234" }, { "type": "fax", "number": "666 555-4567" } ] } And wanted to find the average number of phone numbers each person had, I could do something like this with XPath: fn:avg(/fn:count(phoneNumber)) Questions Are there any command-line tools that can "query" JSON files in this way? If you have to process a bunch of JSON files on a Unix command line, what tools do you use? Heck, is there even work being done to make a query language like this for JSON? If you do use tools like this in your day-to-day work, what do you like/dislike about them? Are there any gotchas? I'm noticing more and more data serialization is being done using JSON, so processing tools like this will be crucial when analyzing large data dumps in the future. Language libraries for JSON are very strong and it's easy enough to write scripts to do this sort of processing, but to really let people play around with the data shell tools are needed. Related Questions Grep and Sed Equivalent for XML Command Line Processing Is there a query language for JSON? JSONPath or other XPath like utility for JSON/Javascript; or Jquery JSON

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• How do I reference the value of a constructed environment variable in a loop?

  - by Rob Spieldenner

  What I'm trying to do is loop over environment variables. I have a number of installs that change and each install has 3 IPs to push files to and run scripts on, and I want to automate this as much as possible (so that I only have to modify a file that I'll source with the environment variables). The following is a simplified version that once I figure out I can solve my problem. So given in my.props: COUNT=2 A_0=foo B_0=bar A_1=fizz B_1=buzz I want to fill in the for loop in the following script #!/bin/bash . <path>/my.props for ((i=0; i < COUNT; i++)) do <script here> done So that I can get the values from the environment variables. Like the following(but that actually work): echo $A_$i $B_$i or A=A_$i B=B_$i echo $A $B returns foo bar then fizz buzz

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• Sun Java keytool importing EV certificates into a single keystore

  - by ss0

  At my current job we are using tomcat, customers have custom web portals setup on their own local machines. EV certs are new to me, they have 2 part intermediary and a primary certificate. For our product to work it appears I need to get all three parts installed under a single keystore entry. How can I roll all three parts into a single x.509 compliant file for import? They syntax I am using is as follows: /blah/system/j2sdk/bin/keytool -import -alias foo -keystore /zix/system/jdk1.5.0_06/jre/lib/security/cacerts -file certname.pem -trustcacerts where foo = the keystore name and certname.pem is the main cert. I have tried importing the intermediate certs under their own names into the keystore and I don't know if it's just the product I have to work with (not vanilla tomcat) or what but it doesn't see those. I have seen a working system and all three certs were under the single keystore alias. Anyone have any ideas?

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• Rewrite rule to redirect all subpages to a single page?

  - by user784637

  I have two two files /etc/apache2/sites-available/foo and /etc/apache2/sites-available/foo_maintenance The rewrite rule I use in /etc/apache2/sites-available/foo is <Directory /var/www/public_html> Options +FollowSymlinks RewriteOptions inherit RewriteEngine on # RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^mysite\.com [NC] RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://www.mysite.com/$1 [R=301,L] </Directory> so that all mysite.com/* redirect to www.mysite.com After I take my site down for maintenance, if the user is navigates to a subpage of the site like mysite.com/subdir/something.php I would like to redirect them to www.mysite.com so the index.html of the maintenance page would be displayed. What is the rewrite rule to redirect all traffic from any subpage to www.mysite.com?

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• How can I run msiexec from cygwin to unpack a msi?

  - by Stefano Borini

  I need to unpack (not execute, unpack) a msi in a cygwin makefile. If I invoke from the windows command prompt the following msiexec /a package.msi /qn TARGETDIR=C:\foo The package is correctly deployed in C:\foo. However, if I try to perform the exact same operation from the cygwin prompt msiexec /a package.msi /qn TARGETDIR=C:\\foobaz All I get is the msiexec window stating the usage. I can solve this problem in two ways, either running successfully msiexec as above, or by starting a windows command from the makefile, and have it invoke that operation. Any ideas?

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• Creating IIS Rewrite Rules

  - by Tom Bell

  I'm having a hard time converting old .htaccess rewrite rules to new IIS ones so I was wondering if anyone could point me in the right direction. Below are some example URLs I would like rewriting. http://example.org.uk/about/ Rewrites to http://example.org.uk/about/about.html ----------- http://example.org.uk/blog/events/ Rewrites to http://example.org.uk/blog/events.html ----------- http://example.org.uk/blog/2010/11/foo-bar Rewrites to http://example.org.uk/blog/2010/11/foo-bar.html The directories and file names are generic and could be anything. Any help would be greatly appreciated.

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• adding remote ssh printer as local printer

  - by guest

  I have SSH access to a remote host (FreeBSD) that has a printer set up. I do not have root access on that host or any other special user rights. Now I want to print directly from my laptop on that printer (Ubuntu 10.10). The problem is that I don't know how to "import" or whatever the the printer, as it needs authetification from my user account (print quota limitations). E-mailing me the files I want to print or scp them every time is a pain, ATM I pipe the PostScript output manually to a ssh command, but that's also a huge working overhead. E.g. when I want to print a foo.pdf pdftops '/path/to/foo.pdf' - | ssh user@remotehost 'lpr -P printername' So, does anyone know of a smooth way to shorten this procedure? Ideally I would just want to use a printername instead of the whole ssh command

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• How to place additional access-restrictions on a subdirectory in Apache?

  - by Mikhail T.

  We have a list of "internal" IP-addresses and only allow access to the server (Location /) from that list: <Location /> Require ip x.x.x.x Require ip y.y.y.y </Location> I need to further restrict access to a sub-directory (Location /foo) to authenticated users (Require valid-user). Whatever I do, I never get prompted for login to access /foo -- Apache simply grants me access, because my IP-address is on the list (for Location /). I cycled through all three different values of AuthMerging (off, and, or) to no avail... Must be something really stupid :-/ Using httpd-2.4.6. Thank you!

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• How are my DNS entries safe in a shared hosting environment?

  - by Jake

  I'm trying to understand how DNS works in a shared hosting environment. I went to my registrar and set my name servers to my host's ns1.foo.com and ns2.foo.com. I'm using a cloud hosting provider who has a web portal where I can set my DNS entries. However I am confused by the lack of security. when I entered in the entries for my domain there was never any step to prove that I actually own that domain. What is to stop somebody else on the same hosting service (a nasty neighbor) from writing over my DNS entries and pointing my traffic to their server instead?

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• Is there a RAR extractor (for multiple rar files like .r00 etc.) that will use all of my quad cores?

  - by Christopher Done

  I've got a quad core Intel processor. I've got a big file split into little ones as RAR files, foo.r00, foo.r01, etc. which the RAR program extracts into one file/directory. Is there a RAR program that I can specify like "use four cores" in the extract process? At the moment it sits there using 100% of one core. I recognise the bottleneck might be my hard drive anyway, but I don't see a lot of HD usage and suspect the decompression process is more intensive than waiting on I/O. For example, GNU Make accepts a (-j, I think) argument to tell it how many cores to use, which I used to compile PHP 6 really quickly.

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• Restrict access to SSH for one specific user

  - by j0nes

  I am looking for a way to secure my servers with the following setup: I have a server where I can log in via SSH. The main account there (named "foo") is secured by a keybased login with password. I have another user account (named "bar") that I use to log in via cronjobs running on other servers - this one also has keybased login, but without password. Now I want to limit access to this machine for the "bar" account. The account should only be accessible via known IPs. However, the "foo" account should not be affected by this, this one should basically be accessible from any IP. How can I manage this? Or is there a simpler solution to everything?

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• How to make a jQuery plugin (the right way)?

  - by macek

  I know there are jQuery cookie plugins out there, but I wanted to write one for the sake of better learning the jQuery plugin pattern. I like the separation of "work" in small, manageable functions, but I feel like I'm passing name, value, and options arguments around too much. Is there a way this can be refactored? I'm looking for snippets of code to help illustrate examples provided with in answers. Any help is appreciated. Thanks :) example usage $.cookie('foo', 'bar', {expires:7}); $.cookie('foo'); //=> bar $.cookie('foo', null); $.cookie('foo'); //=> undefined Edit: I did a little bit of work on this. You can view the revision history to see where this has come from. It still feels like more refactoring can be done to optimize the flow a bit. Any ideas? the plugin (function($){ $.cookie = function(name, value, options) { if (typeof value == 'undefined') { return get(name); } else { options = $.extend({}, $.cookie.defaults, options || {}); return (value != null) ? set(name, value, options) : unset(name, options); } }; $.cookie.defaults = { expires: null, path: '/', domain: null, secure: false }; var set = function(name, value, options){ console.log(options); return document.cookie = options_string(name, value, options); }; var get = function(name){ var cookies = {}; $.map(document.cookie.split(';'), function(pair){ var c = $.trim(pair).split('='); cookies[c[0]] = c[1]; }); return decodeURIComponent(cookies[name]); }; var unset = function(name, options){ value = ''; options.expires = -1; set(name, value, options); }; var options_string = function(name, value, options){ var pairs = [param.name(name, value)]; $.each(options, function(k,v){ pairs.push(param[k](v)); }); return $.map(pairs, function(p){ return p === null ? null : p; }).join(';'); }; var param = { name: function(name, value){ return name + "=" + encodeURIComponent(value); }, expires: function(value){ // no expiry if(value === null){ return null; } // number of days else if(typeof value == "number"){ d = new Date(); d.setTime(d.getTime() + (value * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000)); } // date object else if(typeof value == "object" && value instanceof "Date") { d = value; } return "expires=" + d.toUTCString(); }, path: function(value){ return "path="+value; }, domain: function(value){ return value === null ? null : "domain=" + value; }, secure: function(bool){ return bool ? "secure" : null; } }; })(jQuery);

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• fstab and cifs mounting, possible to store authentication information outside of fstab?

  - by tj111

  I am currently using cifs to mount some network shares (that require authentication) in /etc/fstab. It works excellently, but I would like to move the authentication details (username/pass) outside of fstab and be able to chmod it 600 (as fstab can have issues if I were to change its permissions). I was wondering if it is possible to do this (many-user system, don't want these permissions to be viewable by all users). from: //server/foo/bar /mnt/bar cifs username=user,password=pass,r 0 0 to: //server/foo/bar /mnt/bar cifs <link to permissions>,r 0 0 (or something analogous to this). Thanks.

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• Zsh, directory tab-completion with prefix

  - by nifty

  I have a directory where I put all my projects in, let's say it's ~/projects as an example. I've made a command called s which takes one argument, and moves me into that directory. E.g.: s foo moves me to ~/projects/foo. What I'd like is to have a completion command of some sorts, which would act like cd so I could do keep hitting tab to go further into the ~/projects/... directories. Basically, cd with a prefix which is always present. I've looked into zstyle completion in man zshcompsys, but realized I just don't know enough about it to understand it properly.

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• Why is access to my database very slow?

  - by Fabien

  I have a mysql database that used to work perfectly fine, but now it is dead slow on startup. When I type in $> mysql -u foo bar I get the following usual message for about 30 seconds before I get a prompt : Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Of course, I tried it and it goes a lot faster : $> mysql -u foo bar -A But why do I have to wait so long in regular startup ? This is not a very big database, and data does not seem to be corrupted (everything looks fine after startup). I have no other client connecting to the mysql server at the same time (only one process is shown with the command show full processlist) and I have already restarted the mysqld service. What's going on ?

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• Highlight identical strings in vi(m)

  - by Boldewyn

  One feature of Notepad++, which I find really useful and haven't found elsewhere, is the highlighting of other text that is identical to the one currently selected. Is there something similar possible with vi(m)? (Of course, there is. But how do I achieve it?) That is, any of those: If I am in Visual Mode and have text selected: Highlight identical text If I have searched /foo, highlight all instances of foo. If I am at the beginning of a string (series of characters, numbers or underscores), highlight all other matching strings (prefered solution). The last one is similar to the closing parentheses matching and IMHO the most useful. Edit: For my second use case, I found a solution (that is, Google found it...): :set hls However, the others remain.

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• Search Domain Not Working With Squid

  - by Kyle Brandt

  I just set up a squid proxy as a parent proxy to HAVP. When I or other users try to access a domain with an address like "http://foo" I get the following squid error in the browser: The dnsserver returned: Server Failure: The name server was unable to process this query. However, "http://foo.companyname.com" works fine. The search domain in resolv.conf on both the client and proxy host is companyname.com. (There a better term for "search domain"?) Is there a way to correct this, maybe something in the squid.conf file?.

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• linux script, standard directory locations.

  - by Thingomy

  I am trying to write a bash script to do a task, I have done pretty well so far, and have it working to an extent, but I want to set it up so it's distributable to other people, and will be opening it up as open source, so I want to start doing things the "conventional" way. Unfortunately I'm not all that sure what the conventional way is. Ideally I want a link to an in depth online resource that discusses this and surrounding topics in depth, but I'm having difficulty finding keywords that will locate this on google. At the start of my script I set a bunch of global variables that store the names of the dirs that it will be accessing, this means that I can modify the dir's quickly, but this is programming shortcuts, not user shortcuts, I can't tell the users that they have to fiddle with this stuff. Also, I need for individual users' settings not to get wiped out on every upgrade. Questions: Name of settings folder: ~/.foo/ -- this is well and good, but how do I keep my working copy and my development copy separate? tweek the reference in the source of the dev version? If my program needs to maintain and update library of data (gps tracklog data in this case) where should this directory be? the user will need to access some of this data, but it's mostly for internal use. I personally work in cygwin, and I like to keep this data on separate drive, so the path is wierd, I suspect many users could find this. for a default however I'm thinking ~/gpsdata/ -- would this be normal, or should I hard code a system that ask the user at first run where to put it, and stores this in the settings folder? whatever happens I'm going ot have to store the directory reference in a file in the settings folder. The program needs a data "inbox" that is a folder that the user can dump files, then run the script to process these files. I was thinking ~/gpsdata/in/ ?? though there will always be an option to add a file or folder to the command line to use that as well (it processed files all locations listed, including the "inbox") Where should the script its self go? it's already smart enough that it can create all of it's ancillary/settings files (once I figure out the "correct" directory) if run with "./foo --setup" I could shove it in /usr/bin/ or /bin or ~/.foo/bin (and add that to the path) what's normal? I need to store login details for a web service that it will connect to (using curl -u if it matters) plan on including a setting whereby it asks for a username and password every execution, but it currently stores it plane text in a file in ~/.foo/ -- I know, this is not good. The webservice (osm.org) does support oauth, but I have no idea how to get curl to use it -- getting curl to speak to the service in the first place was a hack. Is there a simple way to do a really basic encryption on a file like this to deter idiots armed with notepad? Sorry for the list of questions, I believe they are closely related enough for a single post. This is all stuff that stabbing at, but would like clarification/confirmation over.

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• How to call a program and exit from the shell (the caller) when program is active?

  - by Jack

  I want to run a program with GUI, by typing into konsole: foo args … and exit from the shell (that's the caller) when the program (foo) is active. How do I this? Is there a Linux/Unix built-in command/program to do it? I'm not a shell-man, really. I know that it's possible by writing a small program in C or C++ (any other programming language with small I/O interface on POSIX) programming language with the fork() and one-of exec*() function family. It may take some time; I'll do it only if there is no native solution. Sorry for my bad English; it's not my native language. Also, not sure on tags, please edit for me, if I'm wrong. If it matters, I'm using OpenSUSE 10.x.

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• route to vpn based on destination

  - by inquam

  I have a VPN connection on a Windows 7 machine. It's set up to connect to a server in US. Is it possible, and if so how, to setup so that .com destinations uses the vpn interface and .se destinations uses the "normal" connection? Edit (clarification): This is for outbound connections. I.e. the machine conencts to a server on foo.com and uses the VPN and the machine connects to bar.se and uses the "normal" interface. Let's say foo.com has an IP filter that ensures users are located in USA, if I go through the VPN I get a US ip and everything is fine. But tif all traffic goes this way the bar.se server that has a IP filter ensuring users are in Sweden will complain. So I want to route the traffic depending on server location. US servers through VPN and others through the normal interface.

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• Adding text to the beginning and end of a number of files?

  - by John Feminella

  I have a number of files in a directory hierarchy. For each file, I'd like to add "abcdef" to the beginning, on its own line, and "ghijkl" to the end, on its own line. For example, if the files initially contained: # one/foo.txt apples bananas # two/three/bar.txt coconuts Then afterwards, I'd expect them to contain: # one/foo.txt abcdef apples bananas ghijkl # two/three/bar.txt abcdef coconuts ghijkl What's the best way to do this? I've gotten as far as: # put stuff at start of file find . -type f -print0 | xargs -0 sed -i 's/.../abcdef/g' # put stuff at end of file find . -type f -print0 | xargs -0 sed -i 's/.../ghijkl/g' but I can't seem to figure out how what to put in the ellipses.

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• Diff and ignore lines missing in one file

  - by Millianz

  I want to diff two files and ignore lines that are present in one file but missing in the other. For example File1: foo bar baz bat File2: foo ball bat I'm currently running the following diff command diff File1 File2 --changed-group-format='%>' --unchanged-group-format='' Which in this case would produce bar baz as the output, i.e. only missing or conflicting lines. I would like to only print conflicting lines, i.e. ignore cases where one line is missing from File2 and is present in File1 (not the other way around). Is there any way to do something like this using diff or do I have to resort to other tools? If so, what would you recommend?

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• Iterating over resources in puppet templates

  - by daveg

  So I've got a puppet manifest, with multiple resources class foo { Custom::Resource {'resource1': attr1 => 'val1', attr2 => 'val2', } Custom::Resource {'resource2': attr1 => 'val3', attr2 => 'val4', } Custom::Resource {'resource3': attr1 => 'val5', attr2 => 'val6', } } If I wanted to loop over the Custom::Resource resource names in an .erb template that are defined in class foo, how do I access them? So if I wanted to write out a template that looked like this: ThisLine = resource1 ThisLine = resource2 ThisLine = resource3

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• Ubuntu on Oracle VirtualBox: Shared folders

  - by Rosarch

  I looked at this question, but it didn't help. I'm running Windows 7 as a host with Ubuntu 10.10 as a guest with VBox 4.0. I want to have a shared directory between the two. I have installed Guest Additions. I went to the VBox control panel in Windows, added a Shared Folder (sharename Shared_Folder), and chose "Auto Mount". A directory named "sf_Shared_Folder" appeared in /media on Ubuntu, but when I put files in that directory from an OS, I can't see them on the other one. I then tried to create a directory without automounting (sharename collectivefiles), and to run the following command: foo@foo-VirtualBox:~$ sudo mount -t vboxsf collectivefiles FileShare /sbin/mount.vboxsf: mounting failed with the error: No such device What is causing this error? I rebooted both the VM and VBox itself, but I'm still observing this.

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