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• Stop Windows Domain Environment Caching Old Passwords?

  - by Daryl Gill

  I have noticed on my domain environment; the old Administrator password (before password expire).. The client machines have cached the old password and have the ability to bypass the new password by entering the old one..? I have noticed on my domain environment; the old Administrator password (before password expire).. The client machines have cached the old password and have the ability to bypass the new password by entering the old one..? Basically; I'm running a UAC enabled domain, which needs the administrator password to continue basic stuff; installations and such. The password for the administrator account has been changed due to expiration of said accounts password. By accident a fellow administrator typed the old password and still bypassed the UAC with what should have been the incorrect password. Is this a bug with the environment? or something that needs to be tweaked in the server sided settings? Is this a bug with the environment? or something that needs to be tweaked in the server sided settings?

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• Windows Server 2003 SBS domain in multiple sites

  - by E3 Group

  We have about 25 employees in our current office and are looking to open up another office in another capital city housing about 15 employees. In our current office, we are running a domain hosted by a 2003 SBS server and I've been tasked by the boss to expand our infrastructure to the new office in the cheapest way possible (cheapest way in the short run that is, because my boss doesn't think more than 6 months ahead). So I'm looking to get a second hand server and have it run Server 2003 Std with exchange server 2003. These are the things that it needs to do: Replicate shared folders that are hosted in the parent LAN. Deliver emails hosted in the parent Exchange Server Somehow link up with the parent domain controller and push the AD to the remote site I'm pretty sure 3 is impossible but the DC would be available if a VPN connection is present, right? On that note, would I be looking at hardware VPN connections? I'm not sure how to deploy the new site as this is my first time doing it and i'm making it especially difficult for myself, seeing as the AD and DC is on an SBS server. Would I first start by establishing a VPN connection and then joining the new server to the domain? Will things 'just work' if I install exchange onto the new server and point outlooks to it? and how would I be able to replicate shared folders?

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• In spite of correct DNS, Exchange sending to wrong destination server for single outbound domain

  - by beporter

  My company uses an SBS 2003 server and makes use of Exchange to host our own email. We also have a linux server hosting domains for some of our clients. In order for us to send to those clients, we had internal DNS set up to shadow the client domains to provide "correct" MX records inside our network. For example, public DNS for a domain abc.com might point to 1.2.3.4, but internally we have MX records set up to route mail for abc.com to 172.16.0.4, which is the linux email server. This setup was entirely functional; this is just back story. We've recently moved one of our client domains from our internal linux server to an external email provider. When we did that, we naturally deleted our internal shadow DNS records so our Exchange server would fetch correct (public) DNS records and route mail out to the new external host. This has NOT had any effect on Exchange though. Even after rebooting the Exchange server and completely flushing the DNS cache (nslookups on the Exchange machine itself correctly resolve to the new external address) Exchange still attempts to deliver messages for the domain to our internal server! Exchange correctly routes to all other internal and external domains when sending email. Somehow Exchange is trying to deliver to a machine that by all accounts it has no business trying to use for just this one domain. Is there a DNS cache that Exchange uses internally? Is there a way to flush that internal cache? What else could I be missing?

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• Seizing naming master from child domain server

  - by meera

  when I am trying to seize the role from my child domain server the naming master I get the following error fsmo maintenance: seize naming master Attempting safe transfer of domain naming FSMO before seizure. ldap_modify_sW error 0x34(52 (Unavailable). Ldap extended error message is 000020AF: SvcErr: DSID-03210380, problem 5002 (UN AVAILABLE), data 8438 Win32 error returned is 0x20af(The requested FSMO operation failed. The current FSMO holder could not be contacted.) ) Depending on the error code this may indicate a connection, ldap, or role transfer error. Transfer of domain naming FSMO failed, proceeding with seizure ... Server "win-fb20ixk90mu" knows about 5 roles Schema - CN=NTDS Settings,CN=WIN-3918XHC5STU,CN=Servers,CN=Default-First-Site-Na me,CN=Sites,CN=Configuration,DC=HCL,DC=com Naming Master - CN=NTDS Settings,CN=WIN-FB20IXK90MU,CN=Servers,CN=Default-First- Site-Name,CN=Sites,CN=Configuration,DC=HCL,DC=com PDC - CN=NTDS Settings,CN=WIN-FB20IXK90MU,CN=Servers,CN=Default-First-Site-Name, CN=Sites,CN=Configuration,DC=HCL,DC=com RID - CN=NTDS Settings,CN=WIN-FB20IXK90MU,CN=Servers,CN=Default-First-Site-Name, CN=Sites,CN=Configuration,DC=HCL,DC=com Infrastructure - CN=NTDS Settings,CN=WIN-FB20IXK90MU,CN=Servers,CN=Default-First -Site-Name,CN=Sites,CN=Configuration,DC=HCL,DC=com

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• SQL Server 2008 R2 Error 15401 when trying to add a domain user

  - by Alice

  I am trying to add a domain user. I am doing the following. Expand Security Right click on Logins Select New Login... Login name select search Click on location and select entire directory Type username Click checkname The name goes underlined and add some more info Click OK Click OK I then get the following error: I have found http://support.microsoft.com/kb/324321. The Login does exist There is no Duplicate security identifiers Authentication failure I don't think is happening as I can browse AD Case sensitivity should not be the problem as I am doing the checkname and it is correcting it. Not a Local account Name resolution again I can see the AD I have rebooted the server (VM) and the issue is still happening. Any ideas? Edit I have also: Domain member: Digitally encrypt secure channel data (when possible) – Disable this policy Domain member: Digitally sign secure channel data (when possible) – Disable this policy Rebooted server http://talksql.blogspot.com/2009/10/windows-nt-user-or-group-domainuser-not.html Edit 2 I have also: Digitally encrypt or sign secure channel data (always)- Disabled Rebooted Edit 3 Since the question have moved site I no longer haves access to comment etc... I have checked the dns on the server to a machine where it is working. The DNS servers are the same on both...

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• Cannot access shares via full domain name on Server 2008R2

  - by Stu

  Hi, I have a strange issue. We have a 2008R2 PDC and BDC. I can join the domain fine and everything seems "normal". However, on some of the other 2008R2 servers, I am unable to do things like a gpupdate. When I try, I get an error that the clocks are wrong (they aren't) and that I don't have permission. So far, this has only affected our 2008R2 servers -- the Win 7 clients are fine. The really strange things is if I browse to: \\mydomain.lan\sysvol - I get the error. But! if I browse to: \\MYDOMAIN\sysvol - it works fine. I can also access the \hostname.domain\sysvol remotely for each of the DC's and it's fine. So in short, it appears the permissions are fine since I can access them all individually on the same account. It also seems unlikely it's on the server as most clients can access it fine. The only drama I have is when I try to use the full domain name (which of course gpupdate does) on a 2008R2 server. Also, it's not just sysvol...netlogon has the same issues too on the affected machines. Any ideas? Thanks! Drew

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• Issues using gmail with google apps and external domain

  - by Jonathan Kelly

  I have recently tried to use gmail through google apps as my main email client, but I'm experiencing a few different problems. I am managing the domain (conjunktiondesign.co.uk) through 123reg.co.uk but it is hosted through fasthosts.co.uk. I transfered the domain to 123reg as fasthosts did not allow me to change the MX records myself. I followed the setup instructions step by step on google apps and changed the MX records as they told me to. My email was now working perfectly but my website was down and I was getting the following error: The dnsserver returned: No DNS records I have a friend that is using the same system as me (ie. Externally hosted domain and google apps mail) and I changed my 123reg details to the same that he had (as his was working perfectly - both email and website). I changed my name servers to point to fasthosts, rather than 123reg and I added an A record called '@' pointing to fasthosts IP address. I also created another A record called 'www' pointing to fasthosts IP address. After I did this, my website worked almost immediately but I have only realised that since changing it my email is now down. I have not received anything since Saturday. I am a web designer and would consider myself fairly tech savvy, but I have no idea about A records, CNAME's and all the things I have been messing about with! What I ultimately need is someone to help me get my email and website working at the same time, rather than one being down when the other is OK. I seem only able to get one or the other working. I have now changed the name servers back to 123reg in an attempt to get my email back as it is more important than my website at this stage. Any help is much appreciated. Thanks.

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• postfix not sending domain mail to mx

  - by orlandoresorts

  I'm trying to get postfix to forward email to my domain which is hosted by gmail. As I don't have any users on my server nor do I want to. Here's how I have things set up.. LEt's say you and I have a domain called mcdonalds.com the registrar has mcdonalds.com MX records pointing to gmail. (everything works for like a year) Now we set up a server to host a website. Then we create a mail account called [email protected] and send mail locally from the server using roundcube. This works. We can send mail to cnn.com we can send mail to serverfault.com we can email any/everyone. BUT we cannot send mail to our own domain mcdonalds.com So I cannot email [email protected] I cannot email [email protected] I cannot email [email protected] It gives the error: SMTP Error (450): Failed to add recipient "[email protected]" (4.1.1 : Recipient address rejected: User unknown in virtual mailbox table). I'm guessing because it is looking at the local server to find the mailbox and it doesn't exist. So how to I tell the server for any mail going to mcdonalds.com for [email protected] to send to my external mail server and NOT to lookup on the local www box we set up with zpanel. Any ideas?

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• htaccess: multiple redirections depending on domain name

  - by Marcin Kmiec

  I have a server and a few domains and two webpages. Can't figure out how to do the following: A.com -> root\ www.A.com -> root\ B.com -> root\ www.B.com -> root\ C.com -> root\folder1\ www.C.com -> root\folder1\ By the way. What is the 'and' logical operator used in htaccess? I found that 'or' is [OR] but [AND] doesn't seem to work. And what is the language htaccess is written in:)? UPDATE I made a mistake in the question though. Here's what I'd really want to do. DNS is set for the domain A.com to point to the root folder of the server. Now I would like to set the following redirections: Any domain other than C.com and other than D.com redirects (301) to www.A.com. A.com points to the root folder of the server anyway and that is set in DNS. Domain www.C.com points to the folder 'folder1' on the server. Can it be set in htaccess? Now domains C.com, www.D.com and D.com redirects to www.C.com.

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• Cookieless Domain redirect in WHM/cPANEL

  - by Patrick Lanfranco

  I am currently trying to get my head around in understanding how to set-up a "cookieless" domain using WHM / Cpanel - unfortunately without any success at this moment. I have a Magento store and I would like to use "cookieless domains" for my media, skin (template) and js files. Magento has a nice feature to define URL for those folders. My current setup is as follows: www.mydomain.com <- main store media.mydomain.com <- subdomain to the media folder (mydomain.com/media/) skin.mydomain.com <- subdomain to the media folder (mydomain.com/skin/) js.mydomain.com <- subdomain to the media folder (mydomain.com/js/) I think it's poinless to have them used as "cookieliess domains" since my Magento installation uses .mydomain.com as cookie domain, so what I would like to achieve is to register a new additional domain and have it point via WHM / cPanel to those specific locations. I have tried to change the A and CNAME records although without any success as they were just simply redirecting from one page to another in the browser (newdomain.com - jump to old.com). What kind of records do I have to set to have this working properly? Some advice would be highly appreciated.

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• Why would e-mail from our own domain not be forwarded to gmail

  - by netboffin

  To solve a problem with spam on our server we tried to forward e-mail from our dedicated server's mailserver(matrix smtp service) to gmail, but while most e-mails got through e-mail from our own domain all went missing. They weren't in the inbox or spam or anywhere else. We've had to go back to using the old system, which means my boss gets a huge amount of spam. We have a windows 2003 server with iis 6 and the matrix smtp service installed. I've toyed with the idea of installing a mail proxy like ASSP but it looks pretty complicated. We're hosting 20 domains on the server as well as our own which has an online shop whose payment system depends on email. I can't start playing around with complicated solutions when it could have disastrous consequences and I don't know enough to implement them safely. So my question has two parts: Part One: Why can't we forward e-mails from people using the same domain. If our domain was foobar.com then [email protected] can't receive from [email protected], but he can receive from everyone else. Part Two: Is there a really simple server side solution to spam that would work with matrix? For instance popfile?

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• Windows: disable remote access of local drive, even by domain admin

  - by Matt

  We have a network of Windows 7 PCs that are managed as part of a domain. What we want is for the domain admin to be unable to view the PC's local drive (C:) unless he is physically at the PC. In other words, no remote desktop and no ability to use UNC. In other words, the domain admin should not be allowed to put \\user_pc\c$ in Windows Explorer and see all the files on that computer, unless he is physically present at the PC itself. Edit: to clarify some of the questions/comments that have come up. Yes, I am an admin---but a complete Windows novice. And yes, for the sake of this and my similar questions, it is fair to assume that I am working for someone who is paranoid. I understand the arguments about this being a "social problem versus a technical problem", and "you should be able to trust your admins", etc. But this is the situation in which I find myself. I'm basically new to Windows system administration, but am tasked with creating an environment that is secure by the company owner's definition---and this definition is clearly very different from what most people expect. In short, I understand that this is an unusual request. But I'm hoping there is enough expertise in the ServerFault community to point me in the right direction.

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• Apache local verses external (domain)

  - by Jessy Houle

  I have an Apache server running on Ubuntu server 10, using Passenger for Ruby on Rails. I have configured my site under the sites-enabled directory of Apache and can hit the server with an internal IP address (192.168.X.X) and the site comes back as expected. However, whenever I try to hit the site externally, either through the domain name or the IP address tied to the domain name, the site will not come back. I have a router in the middle with a static IP address, with Port Forwarding turned on (forwarding 80/443) to the server and I'm quite confident the issue isn't there. In fact, I even DMZed to the Ubuntu Server just to make sure. Also, all router firewall options have been turned off. So here is the question... Is there something else I have to do with Ubuntu server to allow externally requested port 80 traffic? Otherwise, is there some settings that need to be set in Apache to allow domain or external IP address port 80 traffic through? I'm pretty new to Apache, so, please take it a bit easy on me :-) Thank you for your responses. -Jessy Houle

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• Recover windows cached domain password

  - by theguy

  I have a computer from another small organization that works with our school. It was previously joined to another domain from elsewhere. The organization doesn't have an IT person so they didn't think of what they needed to do about the information on the computer before they moved it to our school. The previous user of the computer is no longer with the organization so no information about the password. The computer has information that needs to be accessed and programs so putting the hard drive on another computer and grabbing the information is a no go as I need the computer itself to be working as well. The computer is running Windows Vista Business Edition and is joined to a domain with a cached profile. The admin accounts are disabled by GPO. I've been asked to see if I could recover the password but running ophcrack gave me no hits on the cached profile. I'm not too familiar with password recovery tools that would work on a cached profile from a domain so I'm looking for answers here. Any other suggestions? Preferably something free as we're a small school and an easy to use liveCD solution like ophcrack would be appreciated.

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• One Windows Domain workstation can ping gateway but gets no internet access

  - by dindeman

  One of the (Windows XP SP3) workstations of our Windows Domain could not access internet anymore, this problem suddenly happened overnight. The domain controllers (there are three of them) are all running Windows Server 2008. First I compared the output of ipconfig /all on the faulty workstation with the output of a working workstation and it was just fine as it had always been. In particular the default gateway was correct and always remained pingable from the faulty workstation. I guessed that something was wrong with the DHCP service and I restarted the DHCP server service on all of our three DCs as well as the DHCP client service on the faulty workstation. This didn't solve the issue. I then thought of renewing the DHCP lease with ipconfig /release and ipconfig /renew and here is my first question: why did this never work? The same IP address (192.168.0.45) kept being assigned despite all my attempts to renew it (note that all our workstation are getting their TCP/IP automatically.) Even by leaving the domain and changing the computer name the same address was yet again obtained... Anyway I then proceeded to switch the TCP/IP configuration for that machine manually to another free valid IP address (192.168.0.41)... and then the internet access came back! I then cleared any traces of the previous IP in the DHCP leases list and in the DNS tables of our DCs and, after setting back the TCP/IP configuration to 'automatic', finally, the new lease would be granted (192.168.0.41) alongside with the internet access. My second question: what went suddenly wrong with the original IP address?

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• Scripting around the lack of user:password@domain url functionality in jscript/IE

  - by Idiomatic

  I currently have a jscript that runs a php script on a server for me, dead simple. But... I want to be atleast somewhat secure so I setup a login. Now if I use the regular user:password@domain system it won't work (IE decided it was a security issue). And if I let IE just remember the password then it pops up a security message confirming my login every time (which kills the point of the button). So I need a way to make the security message go away. I could lower security settings, which tbh I am fine with but nothing seems to make it fuck off (there might be some registry setting to change). Find a fix for jscript that will let me use a password in the url. There used to be a regedit that worked for older systems which allowed IE to use url passwords (not working on my 64bit windows7 setup) though I doubt that'd have helped jscript anyways (since it outright crashes). Use an app other than IE. Inwhich case I'm not sure how to go about it, I want it to be responsive and invisible so IE was a good choice. It is near instant. Use XMLHttpRequest instead of IE directly? May even be faster but I've no idea if it'd help or just have the same error. Use a completely different approach. Maybe some app that can script website browsing. var args = {}; var objIEA = new ActiveXObject("InternetExplorer.Application"); if( WScript.Arguments.Item(0) == "pause" ){ objIEA.navigate("http://domain/index.html?pause"); } if( WScript.Arguments.Item(0) == "next" ){ objIEA.navigate("http://domain/index.html?next"); } objIEA.visible = false; while(objIEA.readyState != 4) {} objIEA.quit();

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• Compare-Object gives false differences

  - by Andy

  I have some problem with Compare-Object. My task is to get difference between two directory snapshots made at different times. First snapshot is taken like this: ls -recurse d:\dir | export-clixml dir-20100129.xml Then, later, I get second snapshot and load both of them: $b = (import-clixml dir-20100130.xml) $a = (import-clixml dir-20100129.xml) Next, I'm trying to compare with Compare-Object, like that: diff $a $b What I get is in some places files that were added to $b since $a, but in some -- files that were in both snapshots, and some files, that were added to $b, are not given in Compare-Object output. Puzzling, but $b.count - $a.count is EXACTLY the same as (diff $a $b).count. Why is that? Ok, Compare-Object has -property param. I try to use that: diff -property fullname $a $b And I get the whole mess of differences: it shows me ALL the files. For example, say $a contains: A\1.txt A\2.txt A\3.txt And $b contains: X\2.mp3 X\3.mp3 X\4.mp3 A\1.txt A\2.txt A\3.txt diff output is something like that: X\2.mp3 => A\1.txt <= X\3.mp3 => A\2.txt <= X\4.mp3 => A\3.txt <= A\1.txt => A\2.txt => A\3.txt => Weird. I think I don't understand something crucial about Compare- Object usage, and manuals are scarce... Please, help me to get the DIFFERENCE between two directory snapshots. Thanks in advance UPDATE: I've saved data as plain strings like that: > import-clixml dir-20100129.xml | % { $_.fullname } | out-file -enc utf8 a.txt And results are the same. Here're excerpts of both snapshots (top 100-something lines, a.txt and b.txt), output of compare-object, and output of UNIX diff (unified). All files are UTF-8: http://dl.dropbox.com/u/2873752/compare-object-problem.zip

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• Strange Domain name under the same IP Address

  - by Mike Chip

  There's something really weird happening in my server. But first things first: I wanted to have my website and chose the domain name "myowndomain.com", Now on my domain registrar I point "myowndomain.com" to the address of my recently setup VPS, let's say 50.50.50.50 So I installed everything I needed to run my website, and I started to notice strange queries coming from different IP Addresses. Like these [client 123.123.123.123] File does not exist: /var/www/html/api, referer: http://www.strangedomain.com/api/manyou/my.php [client 456.456.456.456] File does not exist: /var/www/html/api, referer: http://www.strangedomain.com/api/manyou/my.php or like this (Really a long line, I cut some things) GET /?s=vod-show-id-22-area-%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96-language-%E9%9F%A9%E8%AF%AD.html HTTP/1.1" 301 295 "http://v.strangedomain.com/?s=vod-s ...[cut]... spider" That above is happening the most. The 'strangedomain.com' returns the same IP address of my VPS which my website is hosted on. The whois of such domain shows it's registered to a chinese. But the street name didn't look so right (like a huge single word), so I think all of that info might be fake, but still might be a chinese. I also noticed that all 'clients' trying to access the 'strangedomain.com' is coming from china. If I type in the browser 'strangedomain.com', I see my website. I'm worried, because my website is actually an e-commerce. I don't know if 'strangedomain.com' WAS a website on 50.50.50.50 in the not so far past, or if it's something else.

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• Constructor and Destructor of a singleton object called twice

  - by Bikram990

  I'm facing a problem in singleton object in c++. Here is the explanation: Problem info: I have a 4 shared libraries (say libA.so, libB.so, libC.so, libD.so) and 2 executable binary files each using one another shared library( say libE.so) which deals with files. The purpose of libE.so is to write data into a file and if the executable restarts or size of file exceeds a certain limit it is zipped and a new file is created with time stamp in name. It is using singleton object. It exports a handler class for getting and using singleton. Compressing only happens in the above said two cases. The user/loader executable can specify the starting name of file only no other control is provided by handler class. libA.so, libB.so, libC.so and libD.so have almost same behavior. They all have a class and declare and object of an handler which gets the instance of the singleton in libE.so and uses it for further purpose. All these libraries are linked to two executable binary files. If only one of the two executable runs then its fine, But if both executable runs one after other then the file of the first started executable gets compressed. Debug info: The constructor and destructor of the singleton object is called twice.(for each executable) The object of singleton is a static object and never deleted. The executable is not able to exit/return gives: glibc detected * (exe1 or exe2): double free or corruption (!prev): some_addr * Running with binaries valgrind gives that the above error is due to the destructor of the singleton object. Thanks

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• Cannot access Domain Controller through VPN

  - by Markus

  In our small network there is a Windows 2008 R2 Domain Controller that also serves as Remote Access Server. For years, we could access this server and the resources in the network over a VPN connection without any problem. Since some time however, I am able to connect to the VPN, but my Windows 8 client (and another one I used for testing purposes) is not able to connect the domain controller afterwards. I can access any other server in the network, but there seems to be a problem regarding the trust between the client(s) and the server. If I connect the client to the network directly over a LAN cable, everything works as expected. Also I can connect to another server over VPN and open a RDP prompt to the DC without a problem. On the client, whenever I try to access the DC, I get an access denied message. I've tried to update the group policies both over VPN and LAN. Also, I've removed the client from the domain and re-added it. The client shows a message that Windows requires valid login information when connected to the VPN - but my credentials are valid. They work when I logon to the client when not connected to the VPN and also when connected to the LAN. Turning off the firewall on the client and the server did not change anything. DNS resolution works both on the server and the client. What else can I do to diagnose and solve the problem?

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• BYOD (accessing files) on a domain without joining?

  - by Philip White

  I run a Samba 4 instance at a small private school. This makes a regular Linux server appear as a directory controller. There are two relevant benefits to this: I have a Samba share for people's documents, and I use the Redirected Folders feature to allow any employee to sit down at any PC, log in with their domain credentials, and their My Documents points to network storage. Everyone has a mapped drive (using Group Policy Preferences) to a share specific to their account type. Students can access one share (one share for all students), teachers have another, and office staff have another. However, I would like to allow BYOD (Bring Your Own Device). Some employees are already asking for it with their personal laptops, and I know eventually most everyone will want to. Is there any way to replicate the two features above without having to join PCs to the domain? Joining personal PCs is impractical if only because only professional editions of Windows support this. Ideally, any operating system (including mobile) could access the relevant shares, but of course Windows is key. Offline caching is optional. (I could set up OpenVPN for teachers who want to access their files from home.) The problem with simply giving SSH access to the relevant shares is primarily that Samba 4 relies on ext4 ACLs and ext4 extended attributes to maintain NTFS permissions. Writing files directly to the Linux server would bypass this and would (probably) not be interoperable with Samba4. Right now I am completely flexible. I am even fine with scrapping the whole domain and using some other software for the two features above. How can I allow school employees and students freedom to securely share files without requiring everyone to have specific editions of Windows?

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• Do I suffer from encapsulation overuse?

  - by Florenc

  I have noticed something in my code in various projects that seems like code smell to me and something bad to do, but I can't deal with it. While trying to write "clean code" I tend to over-use private methods in order to make my code easier to read. The problem is that the code is indeed cleaner but it's also more difficult to test (yeah I know I can test private methods...) and in general it seems a bad habit to me. Here's an example of a class that reads some data from a .csv file and returns a group of customers (another object with various fields and attributes). public class GroupOfCustomersImporter { //... Call fields .... public GroupOfCustomersImporter(String filePath) { this.filePath = filePath; customers = new HashSet<Customer>(); createCSVReader(); read(); constructTTRP_Instance(); } private void createCSVReader() { //.... } private void read() { //.... Reades the file and initializes the class attributes } private void readFirstLine(String[] inputLine) { //.... Method used by the read() method } private void readSecondLine(String[] inputLine) { //.... Method used by the read() method } private void readCustomerLine(String[] inputLine) { //.... Method used by the read() method } private void constructGroupOfCustomers() { //this.groupOfCustomers = new GroupOfCustomers(**attributes of the class**); } public GroupOfCustomers getConstructedGroupOfCustomers() { return this.GroupOfCustomers; } } As you can see the class has only a constructor which calls some private methods to get the job done, I know that's not a good practice not a good practice in general but I prefer to encapsulate all the functionality in the class instead of making the methods public in which case a client should work this way: GroupOfCustomersImporter importer = new GroupOfCustomersImporter(filepath) importer.createCSVReader(); read(); GroupOfCustomer group = constructGoupOfCustomerInstance(); I prefer this because I don't want to put useless lines of code in the client's side code bothering the client class with implementation details. So, Is this actually a bad habit? If yes, how can I avoid it? Please note that the above is just a simple example. Imagine the same situation happening in something a little bit more complex.

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• Is throwing an error in unpredictable subclass-specific circumstances a violation of LSP?

  - by Motti Strom

  Say, I wanted to create a Java List<String> (see spec) implementation that uses a complex subsystem, such as a database or file system, for its store so that it becomes a simple persistent collection rather than an basic in-memory one. (We're limiting it specifically to a List of Strings for the purposes of discussion, but it could extended to automatically de-/serialise any object, with some help. We can also provide persistent Sets, Maps and so on in this way too.) So here's a skeleton implementation: class DbBackedList implements List<String> { private DbBackedList() {} /** Returns a list, possibly non-empty */ public static getList() { return new DbBackedList(); } public String get(int index) { return Db.getTable().getRow(i).asString(); // may throw DbExceptions! } // add(String), add(int, String), etc. ... } My problem lies with the fact that the underlying DB API may encounter connection errors that are not specified in the List interface that it should throw. My problem is whether this violates Liskov's Substitution Principle (LSP). Bob Martin actually gives an example of a PersistentSet in his paper on LSP that violates LSP. The difference is that his newly-specified Exception there is determined by the inserted value and so is strengthening the precondition. In my case the connection/read error is unpredictable and due to external factors and so is not technically a new precondition, merely an error of circumstance, perhaps like OutOfMemoryError which can occur even when unspecified. In normal circumstances, the new Error/Exception might never be thrown. (The caller could catch if it is aware of the possibility, just as a memory-restricted Java program might specifically catch OOME.) Is this therefore a valid argument for throwing an extra error and can I still claim to be a valid java.util.List (or pick your SDK/language/collection in general) and not in violation of LSP? If this does indeed violate LSP and thus not practically usable, I have provided two less-palatable alternative solutions as answers that you can comment on, see below. Footnote: Use Cases In the simplest case, the goal is to provide a familiar interface for cases when (say) a database is just being used as a persistent list, and allow regular List operations such as search, subList and iteration. Another, more adventurous, use-case is as a slot-in replacement for libraries that work with basic Lists, e.g if we have a third-party task queue that usually works with a plain List: new TaskWorkQueue(new ArrayList<String>()).start() which is susceptible to losing all it's queue in event of a crash, if we just replace this with: new TaskWorkQueue(new DbBackedList()).start() we get a instant persistence and the ability to share the tasks amongst more than one machine. In either case, we could either handle connection/read exceptions that are thrown, perhaps retrying the connection/read first, or allow them to throw and crash the program (e.g. if we can't change the TaskWorkQueue code).

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• When following SRP, how should I deal with validating and saving entities?

  - by Kristof Claes

  I've been reading Clean Code and various online articles about SOLID lately, and the more I read about it, the more I feel like I don't know anything. Let's say I'm building a web application using ASP.NET MVC 3. Let's say I have a UsersController with a Create action like this: public class UsersController : Controller { public ActionResult Create(CreateUserViewModel viewModel) { } } In that action method I want to save a user to the database if the data that was entered is valid. Now, according to the Single Responsibility Principle an object should have a single responsibility, and that responsibility should be entirely encapsulated by the class. All its services should be narrowly aligned with that responsibility. Since validation and saving to the database are two separate responsibilities, I guess I should create to separate class to handle them like this: public class UsersController : Controller { private ICreateUserValidator validator; private IUserService service; public UsersController(ICreateUserValidator validator, IUserService service) { this.validator = validator; this.service= service; } public ActionResult Create(CreateUserViewModel viewModel) { ValidationResult result = validator.IsValid(viewModel); if (result.IsValid) { service.CreateUser(viewModel); return RedirectToAction("Index"); } else { foreach (var errorMessage in result.ErrorMessages) { ModelState.AddModelError(String.Empty, errorMessage); } return View(viewModel); } } } That makes some sense to me, but I'm not at all sure that this is the right way to handle things like this. It is for example entirely possible to pass an invalid instance of CreateUserViewModel to the IUserService class. I know I could use the built in DataAnnotations, but what when they aren't enough? Image that my ICreateUserValidator checks the database to see if there already is another user with the same name... Another option is to let the IUserService take care of the validation like this: public class UserService : IUserService { private ICreateUserValidator validator; public UserService(ICreateUserValidator validator) { this.validator = validator; } public ValidationResult CreateUser(CreateUserViewModel viewModel) { var result = validator.IsValid(viewModel); if (result.IsValid) { // Save the user } return result; } } But I feel I'm violating the Single Responsibility Principle here. How should I deal with something like this?

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• Confusion about inheritance

  - by Samuel Adam

  I know I might get downvoted for this, but I'm really curious. I was taught that inheritance is a very powerful polymorphism tool, but I can't seem to use it well in real cases. So far, I can only use inheritance when the base class is an abstract class. Examples : If we're talking about Product and Inventory, I quickly assumed that a Product is an Inventory because a Product must be inventorized as well. But a problem occured when user wanted to sell their Inventory item. It just doesn't seem to be right to change an Inventory object to it's subtype (Product), it's almost like trying to convert a parent to it's child. Another case is Customer and Member. It is logical (at least for me) to think that a Member is a Customer with some more privileges. Same problem occurred when user wanted to upgrade an existing Customer to become a Member. A very trivial case is the Employee case. Where Manager, Clerk, etc can be derived from Employee. Still, the same upgrading issue. I tried to use composition instead for some cases, but I really wanted to know if I'm missing something for inheritance solution here. My composition solution for those cases : Create a reference of Inventory inside a Product. Here I'm making an assumption about that Product and Inventory is talking in a different context. While Product is in the context of sales (price, volume, discount, etc), Inventory is in the context of physical management (stock, movement, etc). Make a reference of Membership instead inside Customer class instead of previous inheritance solution. Therefor upgrading a Customer is only about instantiating the Customer's Membership property. This example is keep being taught in basic programming classes, but I think it's more proper to have those Manager, Clerk, etc derived from an abstract Role class and make it a property in Employee. I found it difficult to find an example of a concrete class deriving from another concrete class. Is there any inheritance solution in which I can solve those cases? Being new in this OOP thing, I really really need a guidance. Thanks!

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