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  • When a server IP changes, do exising TCP (e.g. http/mysql) connections remain running

    - by Luke Cousins
    We have some PHP-FPM servers and when they need a database connection, they connect to an HAProxy server which selects them a database server to use and the connection opens. When we then want to perform some maintenance on the HAProxy servers (such as config changes requiring an HAProxy restart), the process is as follows: Shutdown Keepalived on the HAProxy server Wait for the floating IP to transfer to the backup HAProxy server (also running Keepalived) Wait until HAProxy stats is reporting just one connection (us checking how many connections there are) Restart HAProxy Restart Keepalived As step 2 occurs, what will happen to the open mysql connections at that point? According to this TCP Sessions and IP Changes question the connections will be dropped. Is this really the case? If so, what, if anything, can be done to prevent this happening? Can the connection be in some way forced to use the main (non-floating) IP of the server? We also have a similar setup with two Nginx servers with Keepalived running on them and we were planning on doing the equivalent process. If we do, the same question applies - what happens to the existing http connections when the IP moves to the other server? I appreciate your help.

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  • Symbolic link modification for HP unix

    - by kalpesh
    Hi David Zaslavsky, Recently i was working on modifying the Symbolic links ... for a particular files.. while searching on internet i saw your post ... I am trying to use this script which you had posted .. find /home/user/public_html/qa/ -type l \ -lname '/home/user/public_html/dev/*' -printf \ 'ln -nsf $(readlink %p|sed s/dev/qa/) $(echo %p|sed s/dev/qa/)\n'\ script.sh SO i tried to modify your script for my problem .. in Hp unix env.. but it seems that the -lname command does not works for HP unix. do you know something equivalent that i can use ... Just to give you and idea of my problem ... I want to change all the symbolic links inside a particular folder .. New Symbolic link -- /base/testusr/scripts Old Symbolic link -- /base/produsr/scripts Now folder "A" contains more than 100 different files having soft links which points to this path -- /base/produsr/scripts But what I want is that the files inside folder A to point to this soft link --/base/testusr/scripts I am trying to achieve in Hp unix ... would really appreciate your help on this ...

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  • how to rewrite '%25' in url

    - by nn4l
    My website software replaces space characters with '+' characters in the URL, A proper link would look like 'http://www.schirmacher.de/display/INFO/How+to+reattach+a+disk+to+XenServer' for example. Some websites link to that article but somehow their embedded editor can't handle the encoding, so what I see in the httpd log files is actually GET /display/INFO/How%2525252bto%2525252breattach%2525252ba%2525252bdisk%2525252bto%2525252bXenServer which of course leads to a 404 error. It seems that the '+' character is encoded as '%2b' and then the '%' character is encoded as '%25' - several times. Since there are many such references to different pages from different websites, I would like to rewrite the url so that the visitors get the correct page. Here's my attempt which does not work: RewriteRule ^(.*)%25(.*)$ $1%$2 [R=301] What it is supposed to do is: take everything before the %25 string and everything after it, concat those strings with a '%' in between, then redirect. With the example input URL the rule should rewrite to /display/INFO/How%25252bto%2525252breattach%2525252ba%2525252bdisk%2525252bto%2525252bXenServer followed by a redirect, then it should rewrite to /display/INFO/How%252bto%2525252breattach%2525252ba%2525252bdisk%2525252bto%2525252bXenServer and again to /display/INFO/How%2bto%2525252breattach%2525252ba%2525252bdisk%2525252bto%2525252bXenServer and so on. Finally, after a lot of redirects I should have left /display/INFO/How%2bto%2breattach%2ba%2bdisk%2bto%2bXenServer which is a valid url equivalent to /display/INFO/How+to+reattach+a+disk+to+XenServer. My problem is that the expression does not match at all, so it does not even replace a single occurrence of %25. I understand that there is a limit in the number of redirects and I should really use the [N] flag however I don't even get the first step right.

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  • How do I copy files between harddrives on Ubuntu CLI?

    - by ed209
    I have a dedicated server with a 120gb main ssd. The server happens to come with a couple of 3000GB hard drives. I'd like to use them to back up my main drive. Preferably, I'd like one as an exact copy of the main SSD and the other with incremental backups of the mysql database and a user uploads file. These are the drives I have Disk /dev/sda: 120.0 GB, 120034123776 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 14593 cylinders, total 234441648 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000f2e18 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 2048 4196352 2097152+ 83 Linux /dev/sda2 4198400 5246976 524288+ 83 Linux /dev/sda3 5249024 234441647 114596312 83 Linux Disk /dev/sdb: 3000.6 GB, 3000592982016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 364801 cylinders, total 5860533168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/sdc: 3000.6 GB, 3000592982016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 364801 cylinders, total 5860533168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/sdc doesn't contain a valid partition table The first problem I have, is that I have no idea how to copy from one drive to another. Kind of embarrassing I know, but I don't know where to start. I'm thinking of this in terms of Mac OS cli where I'm able to copy between /Volumes - is there an equivalent? (there is nothing under /mnt or /media)

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  • Fill down in Excel, but based on multiple values

    - by Jenn D.
    I have spreadsheets (not created by me) that have blank entries in one column where they should really have data. I want to take every empty cell and fill it with the nearest value above it. I'm looking for as little manual intervention as possible, because I'll have to do it repeatedly. I thought some previous version of Excel, or maybe another spreadsheet from the distant past, would do this by default -- that is, if you selected the column with foo and bar, and chose the equivalent of "fill down", you would get what's in the WANT column. What I actually get in Excel is the GET column. HAVE: WANT: GET: foo 1 foo 1 foo 1 2 foo 2 foo 2 bar 1 bar 1 foo 1 2 bar 2 foo 2 3 bar 3 foo 3 I'm worried that this might need a macro to be done properly. I used to be a whiz with Excel macros, and then suddenly they were all in VB. My fallback position will be to dump the whole thing to CSV and write a Python script, but if there's any way to do it in Excel that would be much preferable. Even if it involves a couple of different manual steps, that's fine; just not one step per group of lines. That is, a process of "copy the column, do X to it, cut and paste it back" would work, but "do X for each occurrence of foo or bar" won't. The files are too big for that. Any thoughts are appreciated!

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  • To what extent is size a factor in SSD performance?

    - by artif
    To what extent is the size of an SSD a factor in its performance? In my mind, correct me if I'm wrong, a bigger SSD should be, everything else being equal, faster than a smaller one. A bigger SSD would have more erase blocks and thus more leeway for the FTL (flash translation layer) to do garbage collection optimization. Also there would be more time before TRIM became necessary. I see on Wikipedia that it remarks that "The performance of the SSD can scale with the number of parallel NAND flash chips used in the device" so it seems throughput also increases significantly. Also many SSDs contain internal caches of some sort and presumably those caches are larger for correspondingly large SSDs. But supposing this effect exists, I would like a quantitative analysis. Does throughput increase linearly? How much is garbage collection impacted, if at all? Does latency stay the same? And so on. Would the performance of a 8 GB SSD be significantly different from, for example, an 80 GB SSD assuming both used high quality chips, controllers, etc? Are there any resources (webpages, research papers, presentations, books, etc) that discuss correlations between SSD performance (4 KB random write speed, latency, maximum sequential throughput, etc) and size? I realize this does not really sound like a programming question but it is relevant for what I'm working on (using flash for caching hard drive data) which does involve programming. If there is a better place to ask this question, eg a more hardware oriented site, what would that be? Something like the equivalent of stack overflow (or perhaps a forum) for in-depth questions on hardware interfaces, internals, etc would be appreciated.

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  • Cache Control Headers with IIS 7.5

    - by Brad
    I'm trying to wrap my head around client side (web browser) caching and how it works in relation to IIS 7.5 cache control headers. In particular: If we want to force clients to reload cached resources, how must IIS be configured? Do we need to set expire web content immediately if the resources on the server have a more recent Modified Date (or ETag value)? Right now we're not setting any cache headers. So if I set a cache header of no-cache (which I think is the equivalent of expire web content immediately) will that force the web browser to obtain a new version of a particular file. Or will the browser only request a new version after it deems its current copy to be stale and then from that point forward not cache it? Would a best practice be to set a cache control flag of 1 week, then 8 days before I know I am going to make a change set the cache control down to for instance 30 minutes? But if I do that and then need to immediately expire an item from users caches because there was an issue with it how do I do that?

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  • How to limit reverse SSH tunelling ports?

    - by funktku
    We have a public server which accepts SSH connections from multiple clients behind firewalls. Each of these clients create a Reverse SSH tunnel by using the ssh -R command from their web servers at port 80 to our public server. The destination port(at the client side) of the Reverse SSH Tunnel is 80 and the source port(at public server side) depends on the user. We are planning on maintaining a map of port addresses for each user. For example, client A would tunnel their web server at port 80 to our port 8000; client B from 80 to 8001; client C from 80 to 8002. Client A: ssh -R 8000:internal.webserver:80 clienta@publicserver Client B: ssh -R 8001:internal.webserver:80 clientb@publicserver Client C: ssh -R 8002:internal.webserver:80 clientc@publicserver Basically, what we are trying to do is bind each user with a port and not allow them to tunnel to any other ports. If we were using the forward tunneling feature of SSH with ssh -L, we could permit which port to be tunneled by using the permitopen=host:port configuration. However, there is no equivalent for reverse SSH tunnel. Is there a way of restricting reverse tunneling ports per user?

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  • How to use a common library of environment variables among different languages?

    - by JDS
    We have three main languages with which we perform system tasks: Bash, Ruby, and PHP, and Perl. Four, four main languages. We use managed environment variables to provide authorization info that automated scripts need. For example, a mysql user account and password. We'd like to use one single managed file to maintain these variables. In some instances, for example, in cron, these environment variables are not available. They are made available in CLI scripts because we source the env file in everyone's profile. But something like cron doesn't do that. On the CLI, when the env file is sourced, any given script can access those variables. Bash has them directly, PHP in $_ENV, ruby in ENV, etc. We can't source the file into non-Bash scripts, because most languages implement shell commands by running them in a subshell. We considered parsing the Bash, converting to the script's lang, and running the equivalent of "exec(parsed_output)" on the resulting strings. What is a good solution to providing managed environment vars to scripts running in cron, or similar?

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  • What diagnostics are safe to run on an SSD drive?

    - by Peter Mounce
    I have a MacBook Pro (late 2010) with a Crucial RealSSD 256Gb in it; 60Gb is given to the Windows 7 x64 BootCamp partition. I have a USB-attached 500Gb drive for (most) data. In the last day or so, I've had a BSOD and several OS freezes (both Mac OSX 10.6.6 and Win7). The system in both cases will boot fine (at the moment!) and then run things fine, then some time later a program will stop responding, followed shortly thereafter by the system as a whole, forcing a reboot. This smacks to me of a storage problem. Given that I have an SSD and not a regular magnetic HDD, what are my next steps, in both OS'? I haven't seen anything pertinent in Windows' event-log. I'm not sure of the equivalent place to look in OSX; it's never given me issue to find out. What are my options for attempting to save my data from the SSD to another drive, given that after some small amount of time (eg half an hour), the OS stops responding? What are the recommended next steps?

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  • Port to use CentOS init.d functions

    - by jcalfee314
    What are good equivalent centos commands using functions in /etc/init.d/functions such as daemon to perform the following tasks? STARTCMD='start-stop-daemon --start --exec /usr/sbin/swapspace --quiet --pidfile /var/run/swapspace.pid -- -d -p' STOPCMD='start-stop-daemon --stop --oknodo --quiet --pidfile /var/run/swapspace.pid' It looks like daemon will work for the start command and killproc is used for the stop command. . /etc/init.d/functions pushd /usr/sbin daemon --pidfile /var/run/swapspace.pid /usr/sbin/swapspace . /etc/init.d/functions killproc -p $(cat /var/run/swapspace.pid) Would the --oknodo be needed in the CentOS env (the swap file is really only boot-time)? "oknodo - Return exit status 0 instead of 1 if no actions are (would be) taken." I don't see quiet in daemon or killproc, I can't imagine that it would matter though. The original start-stop-daemon for swapspace seems to have both -p and --pidfile (the same command). That must be an error. Did I miss anything? Any idea why daemon not create the pid file?

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  • Persistent PuTTY sessions for multiple windows

    - by Tgr
    I'm working in various Linux environments through PuTTY connections which break from time to time. I'm looking for a solution to make the PuTTY windows persist (e.g. if I was editing a file, then after reconnecting I should be in the same editor with the same file open at the same place), with the following requirements: it shouldn't require any manual setup at the beginning of the session or after reconnection (I don't want to type in screen or anything like that) I have several windows open to the same machine with the same user, which tend to disconnect at the same time the number/role of windows is not constant (it's not like I have an mc window, a mysql window and a "script runner" window; sometimes I use one window for search or for SVN commands, other times I need several at the same time) sometimes I need to change the properties of the windows for a task (large window for grepping/editing, small windows because I need to see two of them at the same time, red background because I am modifying the live database in MySQL etc), so I need to get the same console back in the same window after a reconnect Is there a way to achieve this? I suppose I should use screen or something equivalent, but how does it know which window I am reconnecting from? Is there some way to pass a unique window identifier to the shell from PuTTY?

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  • Mac OSX - looking for software for notes, snippets, ideas, etc.

    - by eatloaf
    I have the following requirements: Mobile accessibility: Either a complimentary iphone app to sync with, or DropBox or Google Docs syncing or equivalent so I can use other mobile note applications to edit notes remotely. Minimally some form of markup, but ideally something I can drag and drop images into and do some formatting. Rich Text support is reasonable. Hierarchical organization, AKA outlining. Internal (note to note) linking. I like to cross reference items and thoughts internally and the relationships aren't always hierarchical. These were closest to what I was looking for but, as far as I can tell, suffer from the noted flaws: Mori : No mobile solution. EagleFiler : No item hierarchy. MacJournal : No entry hierarchy. iphone app converts edited entries to plain text. Evernote : No interior linking. No hierarchy. I think I've tried every serious contender and none of them have all four (seemingly simple) requirements. I'm hoping that I'm either missing an existing feature in an app I've tried or that someone knows of something I haven't found it yet.

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  • Wordpress on Apache is redirecting all https to http

    - by Krist van Besien
    I have a problem with a wordpress site on a server I admin. I don't know anything about wordpress however. My problem is that we want the site to be accessed over https, bot somehow all requests to https:// URLs are answered by the server with a 302, redirecting to http. The wordpress site itself is configured to use https, and we see that in the pages that are generated the links are all https links. In the apache config there are no rewrite rules and no redirects. However, any request to a https:// URL is answered with a redirect to the equivalent http URL. And I really would like to know where these redirects are coming from, what is generating these redirects. I've increased the loglevel on the webserver to DEBUG, but did not get any info there. I tried to enable debug logging in wordpress per the recipy I found here: http://codex.wordpress.org/Debugging_in_WordPress But did not get a debug.log file in the directory where one should appear. I'm really at a loss here, and need to fix this urgently. Any hints as where to start looking? Apache is 2.2.14 on Ubuntu. There are several other virtual hosts on this server, using php and https without any problem... Edit: I created a small info.php script and dropped that in the webservers' root. Calling this yields the output of the script, no redirect is generated. This suggest that it's not the webserver, but wordpress that is doing it. A second thing I noticed is that the redirect comes with several cookies, one of which has "httponly" set. Could that be it?

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  • Strange Photoshop Problem: Can not select, zoom, paint, option button 'locked'

    - by nikcub
    I have a very strange problem with Photoshop. I can not use any of the tools, since the cursor appears 'locked'. If I select v on my keyboard, it goes to the zoom tool, but the cursor does not change. If I select the paintbrush tool, I can only paint if I hold down the option key. This is what the cursor look like (I had to paint it since I couldn't capture it). It is a rectangle with two lines through it. I am running Photoshop CS4 on a Macbook Pro with Mac OS X 10.6.6. Using both the trackpad and an external Logitech MX5000 mouse I see the same issue. This started when I fired up Photoshop today for the first time in a while. I can't remember changing any options or doing anything that could cause this. Is it possible that the option key is somehow locked in place, or there is some equivalent of num lock on? Very strange problem, I would appreciate any help anybody can offer. Edit: To add, the icon remains the same within all the menu options - it never goes back to being just a normal mouse cursor. Also, right click works fine, and if I hold down option, the cursor goes back to normal and I can paint with it. I can't use Marquee, Lasso, Crop, Type etc. even with option held down. When I go into Bridge, it is the same icon.

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  • Alias for Drupal "Sites" folder with Apache on Windows Server 2008

    - by sgtbeano
    I'm having to move a number of sites from a LAMP stack to a WAMP one, provided by Zend, and I've hit a problem. Our architecture is a number of loadbalanced web servers which have their own local webapp drives which are kept in sync with one server performing as the master copy. There is then a separate DFS share provided to all web servers from our pillar san. Usually a Drupal install under our LAMP cluster would have the main Drupal web app in a local HTDOCS mount for each server and the SITES directory within Drupal would then be symlinked out to the DFS or NFS share so that there is a common FILES and TMP directory. The problem I'm having is that there seems to be no equivalent of symlinks on Win Server 2008, shortcuts have a .ink at the end making Apache see them as a distinct file. So I've tried using an alias call in the vhost file like this; <Location /drupal-626/sites> Order deny, allow Allow from all </Location> Alias /drupal-626/sites "Z:\Path to alternate sites directory" The root for this test is; http://main-domain-url/drupal-626/ Unfortunately this isn't work so I'm wondering if any of you have a solution which would work? Many thanks for taking the time to read this.

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  • Truecrypt and hidden volumes

    - by user51166
    I would like to know the opinion of some users using (or not) the hidden volume encryption feature of Truecrypt. Personally until now I never used this feature: on Windows I encrypt the system drive as a standard volume, on GNU/Linux I encrypt using LUKS which is Truecrypt's equivalent to standard volume. As for data I use the standard volume approach as well. I read that this feature is nice and all, but it isn't really used by most people. Do you use it or not? Why? Do you only store inside it VERY sensible data or what else? Because technically speaking doing a hidden volume which has (almost) the same size as the outer one doesn't make sense: the outer volume will be encrypted but no data will be on it, which will appear very strange. So not only one has to plan which data store where, but has even to remember each time to mount the outer volume with hidden volume protection (otherwise there'll be a data loss when writing to it). It's a bit messy: hidden OS + outer OS + outer volume + hidden volume = 4 partitions :( Similar question about the hidden operating system (which I don't use [yet]).

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  • How do I set up Tomcat 7's server.xml to access a network share with an different url?

    - by jneff
    I have Apache Tomcat 7.0 installed on a Windows 2008 R2 Server. Tomcat has access to a share '\server\share' that has a documents folder that I want to access using '/foo/Documents' in my web application. My application is able to access the documents when I set the file path to '//server/share/documents/doc1.doc'. I don't want the file server's path to be exposed on my link to the file in my application. I want to be able to set the path to '/foo/Documents/doc1.doc'. In http://www3.ntu.edu.sg/home/ehchua/programming/howto/Tomcat_More.html under 'Setting the Context Root Directory and Request URL of a Webapp' item number two says that I can rename the path by putting in a context to the server.xml file. So I put <Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true"> <!-- SingleSignOn valve, share authentication between web applications Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html --> <!-- <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.authenticator.SingleSignOn" /> --> <!-- Access log processes all example. Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html Note: The pattern used is equivalent to using pattern="common" --> <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs" prefix="localhost_access_log." suffix=".txt" pattern="%h %l %u %t &quot;%r&quot; %s %b" /> <Context path="/foo" docBase="//server/share" reloadable="false"></Context> </Host> The context at the bottum was added. Then I tried to pull the file using '/foo/Documents/doc1.doc' and it didn't work. What do I need to do to get it to work correctly? Should I be using an alias instead? Are there other security issues that this may cause?

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  • Can't login after upgrading to Windows 8.1

    - by flatline
    This afternoon, I upgraded my work laptop from Windows 8 to Windows 8.1. I had previously had a local account, but after the upgrade, it prompted me to enter my windows account credentials, which I had set up beforehand at some point. I entered my password and clicked next, went through another screen or two, grew tired with the process, and clicked whatever the equivalent button to "skip this step" that I was presented with. Now I can't log in. Not with my (previous) local account password, and not with my windows account password. It's a Dell with biometric identification, which I had set up previously, so I put my finger on the reader and it complained that I couldn't use that fingerprint because I had changed my password. But, I hadn't wittingly changed my password at all. I assume that what happened is that, by entering my credentials, my local account was tied to the Windows account, but because I cancelled the process partway through, something went wrong and I cannot log in. A few questions: 1) How do I log in with my windows account credentials? Should LOCALMACHINENAME\username, which was my previous login method, still work for the Windows account? When I booted to safemode it prompted me with WindowsAccount\myemailaddress, which allowed me to login there, but the regular login doesn't accept the '@' symbol. 2) Is there any way to make that account local-only again? I can't find any way of doing it. 3) I managed to enable the local administrator account and get back into the box; failing all else, is there a quick way to migrate my old profile over to a new user?

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  • VMware ESX Linux Guest Customization

    - by andyh_ky
    Hello, I am interested in deploying several RHEL 4 Update 8 virtual machines for creation of a test environment. Here are the steps I am taking: In off hours, P2V/V2V the production machines and convert them to templates Deploy the virtual machines with a customization specification that changes hostname, IP address I am interested in how these processes are done and if there are any options for further customization. Are the machines brought on the network when they are powered on, before they are reconfigured? Is there a potential IP address conflict? Is there an option to run additional scripts which reside on the guest as a part of the reconfiguration? For example, restoring an Oracle Database. This is an option with Windows guests and sysprep, but I have been unable to locate anything showing a RHEL equivalent. I am dealing with a multi tier application. The main issue I am attempting to mitigate is that the application servers reference database servers by hostname and in tnsnames files. I am interested in scripting the reconfiguration of the application in the deployment so that the app/db servers are pointing to the test environment. I am OK with placing the 'cleanup' script on the source and executing it after the machine has been brought up. I am interested in the automation of the script's execution post clone/boot, as well as if there could be an IP address conflict. (cross posted to VMTN's ESX 4 community)

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  • What apps can you only get on Mac and not Windows?

    - by ytk
    What apps do you absolutely have to use a Mac to run, and there are no decent Windows PC equivalent? This is not a religious war. Please be specific and practical It doesn't have to be a direct 1-2-1 comparison, but overall usefulness to the task I'll start off with a few: KeyNote -- the animations are quite cool and not available in PowerPoint iTune's photo sync -- on Windows it makes copy of all the photos you want to sync, effectively double the space taken up by your photos. On a Mac it's easier as long as you use iPhoto Keychain -- a centralized password manager tied to the OS. The benefit of this is you don't have to set a Master Password (like Firefox) which you need to enter when starting the browser. And it doesn't reveal your password (like Chrome, which makes no effort in hiding the password you have stored in Options) Time Machine -- 0-configuration backup in the background. Easy interface for restoring a file, or even just a contact in the address book. Text-to-speech -- works in any program, and sounds better than Windows computer voice Quick View -- press space bar to preview a file. Windows95 had quick view, but was removed.

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  • How do I tunnel an HTTPS proxy through a virtual machine (VMWare)

    - by Kyle
    I have a personal setup at home using VMWare Workstation. I also have a set of Virtual Private Machines that run Squid, and therefore provide me HTTPS proxy tunnels. Using Proxifier, I can tunnel all traffic for given applications through these tunnels. However, I also have a few virtual machines for dev/staging/experimentation/etc. I generally just use NAT to provide Internet access to the machines, and if I need to use these proxies, I can just setup Proxifier (or a Linux equivalent) to pipe the traffic through them. No problem. But... I got to thinking: Wouldn't it be great if I could assign these proxy tunnels to a virtual machine, so that when I start up the VM, it has instant-on access through the tunnel and not my local connection? (EDIT: Of course, it would USE my local connection, but it would tunnel traffic through the proxy.) To be more clear: I want a solution that binds the proxy to a VM, so that when I start the VM, I don't have to use a proxy client to connect to the tunnel - I am already piping all traffic from that VM through that proxy. I did a bit of searching, and the closest thing I could find was this: How to route public static IP to a virtual machine on a vmware ESXi host? Which wasn't all that applicable. The proxies are protected by user/pass but do not filter by IP. Again, they are HTTPS proxies setup through Squid. Any ideas on how to make this happen? Thanks a ton.

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  • Accessing the partitions on an VLM volume

    - by projix
    Suppose you have an LVM volume /dev/vg0/mylv. You have presented this as a virtual disk to a virtualised or emulated guest system. During installation the guest system sees it as /dev/sda and partitions it into /dev/sda{1,2,5,6} and completes the installation. Now at some point you need to access those filesystems from within the host system, without running the guest system. fdisk sees these partitions just fine: # fdisk -l /dev/vg0/mylv Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/vg0/mylv1 2048 684031 340992 83 Linux /dev/vg0/mylv2 686078 20969471 10141697 5 Extended /dev/vg0/mylv5 686080 8290303 3802112 83 Linux /dev/vg0/mylv6 8292352 11980799 1844224 83 Linux However, the devices such as /dev/vg0/mylv1 do not actually exist. I guess that because they're within an LV, the OS does not recognise this type of nesting by default. Is there any way I can prod Linux so that /dev/vg0/mylv1 or equivalent appears and thus becomes mountable within the host system? I understand that it's possible with qemu-nbd, and will use this if necessary. However, I was hoping for something more direct if possible, rather than simulating a network block device and attaching that.

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  • Windows user moving to Ubuntu 12.04. Where are the system tools, or equivalents?

    - by Big Endian
    I am a Windows user who has begun experimenting with Ubuntu. Ubuntu seems great, but for all the things it seems like I CAN'T do. How do I get to advanced administration stuff, like the list of drivers, all of the installed software, and something equivalent to Windows' Device Manager. I always heard that Linux was supposed to be very raw, and you had to have lots of computer experience to make it work. This seems just the opposite. Ubuntu seems very modern and user friendly, better in some regards than any operating system I have seen. Unfortunately, I can't find any of the guts of this system beneath all of the user friendly frosting... gunk... crap... stuff. I'm reminded more and more of an Apple computer (except Linux is more affordable :). So how do I peel back this layer and start using the computer? A solution other than installing Gnome 3 would be appreciated.

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  • Programação paralela no .NET Framework 4 – Parte I

    - by anobre
    Introdução O avanço de tecnologia nos últimos anos forneceu, a baixo custo, acesso  a workstations com inúmeros CPUs. Facilmente encontramos hoje máquinas clientes com 2, 4 e até 8 núcleos, sem considerar os “super-servidores” com até 36 processadores :) Da wikipedia: A Unidade central de processamento (CPU, de acordo com as iniciais em inglês) ou o processador é a parte de um sistema de computador que executa as instruções de um programa de computador, e é o elemento primordial na execução das funções de um computador. Este termo tem sido usado na indústria de computadores pelo menos desde o início dos anos 1960[1]. A forma, desenho e implementação de CPUs têm mudado dramaticamente desde os primeiros exemplos, mas o seu funcionamento fundamental permanece o mesmo. Fazendo uma analogia, seria muito interessante delegarmos tarefas no mundo real que podem ser executadas independentemente a pessoas diferentes, atingindo desta forma uma  maior performance / produtividade na sua execução. A computação paralela se baseia na idéia que um problema maior pode ser dividido em problemas menores, sendo resolvidos de forma paralela. Este pensamento é utilizado há algum tempo por HPC (High-performance computing), e através das facilidades dos últimos anos, assim como a preocupação com consumo de energia, tornaram esta idéia mais atrativa e de fácil acesso a qualquer ambiente. No .NET Framework A plataforma .NET apresenta um runtime, bibliotecas e ferramentas para fornecer uma base de acesso fácil e rápido à programação paralela, sem trabalhar diretamente com threads e thread pool. Esta série de posts irá apresentar todos os recursos disponíveis, iniciando os estudos pela TPL, ou Task Parallel Library. Task Parallel Library A TPL é um conjunto de tipos localizados no namespace System.Threading e System.Threading.Tasks, a partir da versão 4 do framework. A partir da versão 4 do framework, o TPL é a maneira recomendada para escrever código paralelo e multithreaded. http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd460717(v=VS.100).aspx Task Parallelism O termo “task parallelism”, ou em uma tradução live paralelismo de tarefas, se refere a uma ou mais tarefas sendo executadas de forma simultanea. Considere uma tarefa como um método. A maneira mais fácil de executar tarefas de forma paralela é o código abaixo: Parallel.Invoke(() => TrabalhoInicial(), () => TrabalhoSeguinte()); O que acontece de verdade? Por trás nos panos, esta instrução instancia de forma implícita objetos do tipo Task, responsável por representar uma operação assíncrona, não exatamente paralela: public class Task : IAsyncResult, IDisposable É possível instanciar Tasks de forma explícita, sendo uma alternativa mais complexa ao Parallel.Invoke. var task = new Task(() => TrabalhoInicial()); task.Start(); Outra opção de instanciar uma Task e já executar sua tarefa é: var t = Task<int>.Factory.StartNew(() => TrabalhoInicialComValor());var t2 = Task<int>.Factory.StartNew(() => TrabalhoSeguinteComValor()); A diferença básica entre as duas abordagens é que a primeira tem início conhecido, mais utilizado quando não queremos que a instanciação e o agendamento da execução ocorra em uma só operação, como na segunda abordagem. Data Parallelism Ainda parte da TPL, o Data Parallelism se refere a cenários onde a mesma operação deva ser executada paralelamente em elementos de uma coleção ou array, através de instruções paralelas For e ForEach. A idéia básica é pegar cada elemento da coleção (ou array) e trabalhar com diversas threads concomitantemente. A classe-chave para este cenário é a System.Threading.Tasks.Parallel // Sequential version foreach (var item in sourceCollection) { Process(item); } // Parallel equivalent Parallel.ForEach(sourceCollection, item => Process(item)); Complicado né? :) Demonstração Acesse aqui um vídeo com exemplos (screencast). Cuidado! Apesar da imensa vontade de sair codificando, tome cuidado com alguns problemas básicos de paralelismo. Neste link é possível conhecer algumas situações. Abraços.

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