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• Providing high availability and failover using MySQL on EC2

  - by crb

  I would like to have a highly-available MySQL system, with automatic failover, running on Amazon EC2 instances. The standard approach to solving this is problem Heartbeat + DRBD, but I've found a lot of posts suggesting DRBD doesn't work on EC2, though none saying exactly why. Obviously, a serial heartbeat or distinct network is out of the question in the virtualised environment. It would also be good to have the different servers be in different availability zones, but we're getting into a much harder problem there. What are peoples' opinion on having a high uptime solution in "the cloud"? Note: This question was asked before RDS with multi-AZ was announced, which is the nice automatic answer for today's modern IT professional. :)

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• Where do vendors publish internal transfer rates of HDDs?

  - by red888

  So I've started to dig into storage fundamentals and found that in order to calculate the IOPS of a HDD you need to know the internal transfer rate of the drive (time it takes data to move from the platters to internal disk's cache). I went on newegg and even a few vendor sites and could not find this info published for any HDDs. Is it sometimes called something else? Take this link to a seagate HDD for instance. Nowhere do I see "internal transfer rate", but I do see something called "Sustained Data Rate OD"- is that the same thing? Just so you know where I'm getting this info (Book: "Information Storage and Management Storing, Managing..."): Consider an example with the following specifications provided for a disk: The average seek time is 5 ms in a random I/O environment; therefore, T = 5 ms. Disk rotation speed of 15,000 revolutions per minute or 250 revolutions per second — from which rotational latency (L) can be determined, which is one-half of the time taken for a full rotation or L = (0.5/250 rps expressed in ms). 40 MB/s internal data transfer rate, from which the internal transfer time (X) is derived based on the block size of the I/O — for example, an I/O with a block size of 32 KB; therefore X = 32 KB/40 MB. Consequently, the time taken by the I/O controller to serve an I/O of block size 32 KB is (TS) = 5 ms + (0.5/250) + 32 KB/40 MB = 7.8 ms. Therefore, the maximum number of I/Os serviced per second or IOPS is (1/TS) = 1/(7.8 × 10^-3) = 128 IOPS.

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• Automation Question using VMWare Workstation

  - by James K

  I'm running an experiment that requires me to create 100 instances of Windows XP w/SP3 and saving each VM instance off to a hard drive. I have to annotate the time that the VM load starts (starting my timer when I see the "Setup is preparing...") until the load ends when I see the final desktop after VM loads its drivers. I also have to annotate the host start and stop time. Is there any way this process can be automated? Each load runs me about 16:00 minutes and gets real tiresome after a time. BTW... Exact timing is not necessary, eyeballing as described above is sufficient for my testing needs.

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• Deploy Jetty as port 80 daemon on Linux

  - by McKAMEY

  I'm curious what techniques you Linux admin gods are using to manage your Jetty deployments. I come from a Windows Server background so I'm still getting used to all of this. I've been looking for a good solution for deploying Jetty instances as port 80 on a Linux installation. So far I've seen this thread which allows Jetty to run as a daemon: http://jira.codehaus.org/browse/JETTY-458 And I've seen this thread which talks about alternates for setting up on port 80: http://wiki.eclipse.org/Jetty/Howto/Port80 These all seemed kind of hacky. Surely there is a relatively standard way of deploying a web server like Jetty on Linux. I'm currently using CentOS 5.5 but open to other distros. Thanks in advance.

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• Can I automatically add a new host to known_hosts ?

  - by gareth_bowles

  Here's my situation; I'm setting up a test harness that will, from a central client, launch a number of virtual machine instances and then execute commands on them via SSH. The virtual machines will have previously unused hostnames and IP addresses, so they won't be in the ~/.ssh/known_hosts file on the central client. The problem I'm having is that the first SSH command run against a new virtual instance always comes up with an interactive prompt: The authenticity of host '[hostname] ([IP address])' can't be established. RSA key fingerprint is [key fingerprint]. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? Is there a way that I can bypass this and get the new host to be already known to the client machine, maybe by using a public key that's already baked into the virtual machine image ? I'd really like to avoid having to use Expect or whatever to answer the interactive prompt if I can.

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• Multiple IP Addresses on a Traceroute Line

  - by Paul

  I'm doing a traceroute from my box to ....say.... stackoverflow.com. I see a couple of instances where there are multiple ip's on one line. For instance, in below, line #2 has two IPs: 10.1.6.5 and 10.1.4.5 Also on line #4, there are two timestamps after 216.182.236.96: 0.653 ms and 0.637 ms What are these? This is on Linux Traceroute example: traceroute to www.stackoverflow.com (198.252.206.16), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets 2 ip-10-1-6-5.us-west-1.compute.internal (10.1.6.5) 0.329 ms 0.425 ms ip-10-1-4-5.us-west-1.compute.internal (10.1.4.5) 0.471 ms 4 216.182.236.104 (216.182.236.104) 0.554 ms 216.182.236.96 (216.182.236.96) 0.653 ms 0.637 ms 5 205.251.230.64 (205.251.230.64) 0.616 ms 205.251.229.232 (205.251.229.232) 1.305 ms 205.251.230.64 (205.251.230.64) 0.573 ms

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• What's the utility of the return command in autohotkey?

  - by Shashank Sawant

  In the instances where the return command returns a value, the utility is obvious. I have seen the return command being used even when it is seemingly unnecessary. Let me show the following examples: Example 1: Loop { if a_index > 25 break ; Terminate the loop if a_index < 20 continue ; Skip the below and start a new iteration MsgBox, a_index = %a_index% ; This will display only the numbers 20 through 25 } Example 2: IfWinExist, Untitled - Notepad { WinActivate ; Automatically uses the window found above. return } Why is the return command used in Example 2 but is not used in Example 1? Both examples are copy-pasted/modified-pasted from the autohotkey.com's documentation.

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• Encrypt EC2 API call

  - by Frank

  I have to host an AMI in the Amazon Marketplace. i need to get the type of instance, whenever some user launches the AMI., like if its small medium or large. based on that i need to make some changes in the AMI when its created. I can do this with Amazon API call, to get the instance type, but the problem is that the instances created with the AMI will be started by other users, and i cannot use my AWS Credentials in the Amazon API. Is there any way that i can create an anonymous readonly user to make only specific type of EC2 API Calls? Or can i encrypt my EC2 API credentials, so no one can use it?

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• Firefox (on windows) constantly consuming 10% CPU - is there an add-in to find the rogue tab?

  - by tbone

  I often have many Firefox windows open, each with many tabs. Now and then one of the tabs will be running a web page that for some reason consumes lots of resources. Right now, I have a tab somewhere that is constantly consuming 10% of the CPU...which would be fine as my computer can easily handle that (see specs below...all other apps are responsive), but it seems to slow Firefox down....everything, everywhere is extremely laggy in Firefox, I can see pauses while I type this. Is there: - a way I can isolate separate instances (or even tabs) in FF into a separate process, so one rogue tab doesn't bog down FF across the entire system? - maybe an add-in that can either identify tabs consuming lots of CPU, or maybe a way to "shut down" activity on tabs you haven't used in a while? Firefox 3.6.10 Windows 7 Ultimate 64 i7 920 @ 3.6 GHz 12 GB Ram

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• Couldn't start mysql service in linux

  - by Haseena

  Iam trying to install one version of mysql in a LINUX machine. The system contain already another version of mysql installation. I prefer manual installation. Copy the exctracted tarball into a location and create symbolic link to that. I wish to install my mysql version without affecting already installed mysql version in the system. I created mysqld as service. But It couldn't start. When Iam trying to start this mysqld process, it shows an error like: Starting MySQL............................................................ ......................................... ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/var/lib/mysql/Test.pid). Please help me, is any wrong with my installation??? I follow the below mentioned link for installion : http://code.openark.org/blog/mysql/manually-installing-multiple-mysql-instances-on-linux-howto Thanks in Advance

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• Wireshark WPA 4-way handshake

  - by cYrus

  From this wiki page: WPA and WPA2 use keys derived from an EAPOL handshake to encrypt traffic. Unless all four handshake packets are present for the session you're trying to decrypt, Wireshark won't be able to decrypt the traffic. You can use the display filter eapol to locate EAPOL packets in your capture. I've noticed that the decryption works with (1, 2, 4) too, but not with (1, 2, 3). As far as I know the first two packets are enough, at least for what concern unicast traffic. Can someone please explain exactly how does Wireshark deal with that, in other words why does only the former sequence work, given that the fourth packet is just an acknowledgement? Also, is it guaranteed that the (1, 2, 4) will always work when (1, 2, 3, 4) works? Test case This is the gzipped handshake (1, 2, 4) and an ecrypted ARP packet (SSID: SSID, password: password) in base64 encoding: H4sICEarjU8AA2hhbmRzaGFrZS5jYXAAu3J400ImBhYGGPj/n4GhHkhfXNHr37KQgWEqAwQzMAgx 6HkAKbFWzgUMhxgZGDiYrjIwKGUqcW5g4Ldd3rcFQn5IXbWKGaiso4+RmSH+H0MngwLUZMarj4Rn S8vInf5yfO7mgrMyr9g/Jpa9XVbRdaxH58v1fO3vDCQDkCNv7mFgWMsAwXBHMoEceQ3kSMZbDFDn ITk1gBnJkeX/GDkRjmyccfus4BKl75HC2cnW1eXrjExNf66uYz+VGLl+snrF7j2EnHQy3JjDKPb9 3fOd9zT0TmofYZC4K8YQ8IkR6JaAT0zIJMjxtWaMmCEMdvwNnI5PYEYJYSTHM5EegqhggYbFhgsJ 9gJXy42PMx9JzYKEcFkcG0MJULYE2ZEGrZwHIMnASwc1GSw4mmH1JCCNQYEF7C7tjasVT+0/J3LP gie59HFL+5RDIdmZ8rGMEldN5s668eb/tp8vQ+7OrT9jPj/B7425QIGJI3Pft72dLxav8BefvcGU 7+kfABxJX+SjAgAA Decode with: $ base64 -d | gunzip > handshake.cap Run tshark to see if it correctly decrypt the ARP packet: $ tshark -r handshake.cap -o wlan.enable_decryption:TRUE -o wlan.wep_key1:wpa-pwd:password:SSID It should print: 1 0.000000 D-Link_a7:8e:b4 - HonHaiPr_22:09:b0 EAPOL Key 2 0.006997 HonHaiPr_22:09:b0 - D-Link_a7:8e:b4 EAPOL Key 3 0.038137 HonHaiPr_22:09:b0 - D-Link_a7:8e:b4 EAPOL Key 4 0.376050 ZyxelCom_68:3a:e4 - HonHaiPr_22:09:b0 ARP 192.168.1.1 is at 00:a0:c5:68:3a:e4

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• cannot unset env variables from script

  - by w00t

  Hi, I am trying to unset all environment variables from within a script. The script runs fine but if I run env it still shows all the variables set. If I run the command from CLI, it works and the variables are unset. unset `env | awk -F= '/^\w/ {print $1}' | xargs` Have any idea how to run this from a script? Also, have any idea how to source /etc/profile from a script? This doesn't work either. I need to set variables with same names but different paths, depending on the instances my users need.

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• Is this a valid backup strategy for MongoDB?

  - by James Simpson

  I've got a single dedicated server with a MongoDB database of around 10GB. I need to do daily backups, but I can't have downtime with the database. Is it possible to use a replica set on a single disk (with 2 instances of mongod running on different ports), and simply take the secondary one offline and backup the data files to an offsite storage such as S3 (journaling is turned on)? Or would using master/slave be better than a replica set? Is this viable, and if so, what potential problems could I have? If not, how do I conceptualize this to work?

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• Running SQL 2008 on a VM

  - by chris.w.mclean

  We are pondering trying to set up a SQL 2008 instance inside a VM for a production environment. All our SQL instances use iSCSI over gigabit ethernet to talk to a NAS, as would this new instance. Any reason this is a bad idea or any considerations to make this work well? The VM would be running in Xen 5.5 or we could set it up in Hyper-V if there's a compelling case for that. And the VM's VHD would be stored on a different NAS then the SQL storage is on.

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• Virtual hosting in Varnish with individual vcl files for configuration

  - by Michael Sørensen

  I wish to use varnish to put in front of an apache and a tomcat on the same server. Depending on the ip requested, it goes to a different backend. This works. Now for most of the sites the default varnish logic will work just fine. However for some specific sites I wish to use custom VCL code. I can test for host name and include config files for the specific domains, but this only works inside the individual methods recv etc. Is there a way to include a complete set of instructions, in one file, per domain, without having to manage separate files for subdomain_recv, subdomain_fetch etc? And preferably without running seperate instances of varnish. When I try to include a file on the "root level" of default.vcl, I get a compilation error. Best regards, Michael

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• Cheapest High Available Web Server [closed]

  - by xyz

  I would like to create a high-available setup (e.g. a small cluster) for a webserver, i.e. it will run Apache, PHP and MySQL. There will be between 2-8 small websites running with only very little traffic and workload. High availability is however very important. I don't want to be dependent on 1 datacenter, so there must be a minimum of 2 servers placed in different datacenters, and if one server goes down, the user must experience no or only a minimum of downtime - and no data loss. I have considered Amazon AWS using their Elastic Load Balancing, since it is possible to buy 2 EC2 instances in 2 availability zones and set up load balancing and RDS (Multi-AZ). However this seems rather expensive. Using the AWS price calculator http://calculator.s3.amazonaws.com/calc5.html it totals to 185$/month the first year (including the free tier). Are my calculations incorrect or is there a cheaper way to make this HA setup? Best regards

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• Apache conf for high trafic CMS with backend users?

  - by Annan

  I'm in the situation where a website is going to have a high number of web users and a few backend webmasters. Webmasters will upload images (+other high mem tasks) and this bumps up the memory allocation of the httpd child processes to 100-150mb. In order to stop swapping I'm currently setting MaxClients in httpd.conf to 20. However this lowers maximum simultaneous requests. Will this be a problem when the website goes live? What is the best configuration? Info: Drupal 6, PHP 5, Apache 2.2 (Prefork atm) I'm thinking about Worker MPM, two apache instances or low MaxRequestsPerChild.

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• Help, I need to debug my BrowserHelperObject (BHO) (in C++) after a internet explorer 8 crash in Rel

  - by BHOdevelopper

  Hi, here is the situation, i'm developping a Browser Helper Object (BHO) in C++ with Visual Studio 2008, and i learned that the memory wasn't managed the same way in Debug mode than in Release mode. So when i run my BHO in debug mode, internet explorer 8 works just fine and i got no erros at all, the browser stays alive forever, but as soon as i compile it in release mode, i got no errors, no message, nothing, but after 5 minutes i can see through the task manager that internet explorer instances are just eating memory and then the browser just stop responding every time. Please, I really need some hint on how to get a feedback on what could be the error. I heard that, often it was happening because of memory mismanagement. I need a software that just grab a memory dump or something when iexplorer crashes to help me find the problem. Any help is appreciated, I'll be looking for responses every single days, thank you.

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• Three apps going through apache. How to configure apache httpd?

  - by Chris F.

  I have a quick question but I've been struggling to find the best solution: I have two java webapps and wordpress (php) that I need to serve through my Prod website: App #1 should be accessed when pointing to www.example.com/ (this would have other url too such as "www.example.com/book") App #2 should be accessed when pointing to www.example.com/manage Finally WordPress would be accessed at www.example.com/info How can I configure apache to serve all these three instances at the same time? So far I have and it's not quite working right. Any suggestions would be much appreciated! Listen 8081 <VirtualHost *:8081> DocumentRoot /var/www/html </VirtualHost> ProxyPass /manage http://127.0.0.1:8080/manage ProxyPassReverse /manage http://127.0.0.1:8080/manage ProxyPass /info http://127.0.0.1:8081/info ProxyPassReverse /info http://127.0.0.1:8081/info ProxyPass / http://127.0.0.1:9000/ ProxyPassReverse / http://127.0.0.1:9000/

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• MS project publishing to TFS web portal display

  - by denis bastarache

  So, when we initially created our MPP schedule, I made use of indends / subordinates to break down the project by the various stages of the lifecycle, which is fine... no issues there... But now that I'm trying to publish this over to TFS display, it'll only pick up the actual "action items / sub-tasks" seeing as I have resource allocation specified. So for example I have an "Analysis" phase with a few items underneath, and "System Requirements" phase with the same items, so when I publish these to TFS, it won't display the "Parent" distinction between items, so both "Tasks" instances are being published in TFS under the exact same name... So, if I can't do this Automatically, I'll likely have edit each tasks with "Analysis - Item 1", "Analysis - item 2", "SRD - Item 1", "SRD - item 2"... is there a way to do this automatically, or will have to go the manual route??

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• Two routers, one off-site, same ISP-assigned static IP. A recipe for conflict?

  - by boost

  This is the situation I've inherited: There are two routers, one off-site. Both are connected to the ISP. The ISP assigns both of them the same static IP (or so it seems). Presumably, the network problems we're having are related to the idea that you can't have two instances of the same IP. So we rang up the folk off-site and told them to turn off the router. Now everything's working okay here. How do I get around this? Get another static IP? Figure out how to get the router to ask for a dynamic IP (as we're not using the static IP for anything)?

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• Optimal Instance Size for EC2 Sharepoint Server

  - by Rob Wilkerson

  I'm surprised that I can't find any info about this, but I'm not a Windows admin and just a novice EC2 user. I have a client who wants to stand up a Sharepoint server on EC2 for internal use. The team is small (10-20) folks and traffic will be light. Mostly, the client is looking for one place to store documents (and revisions of documents) while making access easy for authenticated users anywhere in the world. They've settled on Sharepoint and have other EC2 instances so that seems like the natural fit, but I'm trying to figure out what to recommend for them. I'm currently thinking about a Medium instance. I'm afraid to go smaller because I think Windows would need a fair amount of memory just to run, but I'm very open to suggestions. Any advice would be much appreciated. I expect that the storage itself would happen in an EBS mount, but again, suggestions welcome. Thanks for your input.

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• ServerName no longer works as SQL Server 2008 Default instance name?

  - by TomK

  Folks, Somehow in struggling to install something (Sage MIP), I have unsettled my system's SQL Server 2008 instance names. If I fired up SSMS and connected to "MySystemName" (while logged into MySystemName), I used to immediately connect and could view my databases. Now if I connect to "(local)" or "." I connect just fine...but "MySystemName" gives me a timeout error. If I log in with "." and do "SELECT @@SERVERNAME" it comes back with "MySystemName" just fine. I've double checked that my network name is in the Security\Logins list, and it is, as a dbadmin. Any suggestions? I thought that having SQL Server 2005 Express might be a problem (the "battle of the default instances"), so I uninstalled that. No better.

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• Pasting into Vista cmd.exe broke, why?

  - by Michel de Ruiter

  I use Windows Vista x64 and regularly use the command line window CMD.EXE. I have enabled QuickEdit Mode (and Insert Mode and AutoComplete), to be able to quickly copy and paste text. Copying (select block, Enter) works fine. Pasting (right click) text also works, as long as it has been copied inside a CMD.EXE window. When I copied the text somewhere else (in an editor, browser or whatever) however, pasting into CMD.EXE does not work! :-( Using the menu to Edit, Paste does not do anything either, so it's not a mouse thing. I also tried elevating CMD.EXE. I can copy/paste freely between CMD.EXE instances of all sorts: elevated/normal, x64/x86... I'm sure it did work on this machine until relatively recently. What could have happened? Some Windows Update perhaps? The problem has been reported by others, but without a solution.

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• How can I stop SipVicious ('friendly-scanner') from flooding my SIP server?

  - by a1kmm

  I run an SIP server which listens on UDP port 5060, and needs to accept authenticated requests from the public Internet. The problem is that occasionally it gets picked up by people scanning for SIP servers to exploit, who then sit there all day trying to brute force the server. I use credentials that are long enough that this attack will never feasibly work, but it is annoying because it uses up a lot of bandwidth. I have tried setting up fail2ban to read the Asterisk log and ban IPs that do this with iptables, which stops Asterisk from seeing the incoming SIP REGISTER attempts after 10 failed attempts (which happens in well under a second at the rate of attacks I'm seeing). However, SipVicious derived scripts do not immediately stop sending after getting an ICMP Destination Host Unreachable - they keep hammering the connection with packets. The time until they stop is configurable, but unfortunately it seems that the attackers doing these types of brute force attacks generally set the timeout to be very high (attacks continue at a high rate for hours after fail2ban has stopped them from getting any SIP response back once they have seen initial confirmation of an SIP server). Is there a way to make it stop sending packets at my connection?

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