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  • R ggplot barplot; Fill based on two separate variables

    - by user1476968
    A picture says more than a thousand words. As you can see, my fill is based on the variable variable. Within each bar there is however multiple data entities (black borders) since the discrete variable complexity make them unique. What I am trying to find is something that makes each section of the bar more distinguishable than the current look. Preferable would be if it was something like shading. Here's an example (not the same dataset, since the original was imported): dat <- read.table(text = "Complexity Method Sens Spec MMC 1 L Alpha 50 20 10 2 M Alpha 40 30 80 3 H Alpha 10 10 5 4 L Beta 70 50 60 5 M Beta 49 10 80 6 H Beta 90 17 48 7 L Gamma 19 5 93 8 M Gamma 18 39 4 9 H Gamma 10 84 74", sep = "", header=T) library(ggplot2) library(reshape) short.m <- melt(dat) ggplot(short.m, aes(x=Method, y= value/100 , fill=variable)) + geom_bar(stat="identity",position="dodge", colour="black") + coord_flip()

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  • Does `throw` cause stack variables (full types) to be freed from memory in C++?

    - by nbolton
    I'm pondering a question on Brainbench. I actually realised that I could answer my question easily by compiling the code, but it's an interesting question nonetheless, so I'll ask the question anyway and answer it myself shortly. Take a look at this snippet: The question considers what happens when we throw from a destructor (which causes terminate() to be called). It's become clear to me by asking the question that the memory is indeed freed and the destructor is called, but, is this before or after throw is called from foo? Perhaps the issue here is that throw is used while the stack is unwinding that is the problem... Actually this is slightly confusing.

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  • Why is this variables declared as private and also readonly?

    - by Sergio Tapia
    In the following code: public class MovieRepository : IMovieRepository { private readonly IHtmlDownloader _downloader; public MovieRepository(IHtmlDownloader downloader) { _downloader = downloader; } public Movie FindMovieById(string id) { var idUri = ...build URI...; var html = _downloader.DownloadHtml(idUri); return ...parse ID HTML...; } public Movie FindMovieByTitle(string title) { var titleUri = ...build URI...; var html = _downloader.DownloadHtml(titleUri); return ...parse title HTML...; } } I asked for something to review my code, and someone suggested this approach. My question is why is the IHtmlDownloader variable readonly?

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  • When do instance variables get initialized and values assigned?

    - by AKh
    When doees the instance variable get initialized? Is it after the constructor block is done or before it? Consider this example: public abstract class Parent { public Parent(){ System.out.println("Parent Constructor"); init(); } public void init(){ System.out.println("parent Init()"); } } public class Child extends Parent { private Integer attribute1; private Integer attribute2 = null; public Child(){ super(); System.out.println("Child Constructor"); } public void init(){ System.out.println("Child init()"); super.init(); attribute1 = new Integer(100); attribute2 = new Integer(200); } public void print(){ System.out.println("attribute 1 : " +attribute1); System.out.println("attribute 2 : " +attribute2); } } public class Tester { public static void main(String[] args) { Parent c = new Child(); ((Child)c).print(); } } OUTPUT: Parent Constructor Child init() parent Init() Child Constructor attribute 1 : 100 attribute 2 : null When the memory for the atribute 1 & 2 are allocated in the heap ? Curious to know why is attribute 2 is NULL ? Are there any design flaws?

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  • Does `throw` cause stack variables to be freed from memory in C++?

    - by nbolton
    I'm pondering a question on Brainbench. I actually realised that I could answer my question easily by compiling the code, but it's an interesting question nonetheless, so I'll ask the question anyway and answer it myself shortly. Take a look at this snippet: The question considers what happens when we throw from a destructor (which causes terminate() to be called). It's become clear to me by asking the question that the memory is indeed freed and the destructor is called, but, is this before or after throw is called from foo? Perhaps the issue here is that throw is used while the stack is unwinding that is the problem... Actually this is slightly confusing.

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  • How do I use my own debugger visualiser to edit variables runtime?

    - by C Sharper
    I'm writing my own debugger visualiser. All works great to show up to visualiser with the data. Now I add the code for more clearness: public class MyVisualiserObjectSource : VisualizerObjectSource { public override void GetData(object target, Stream outgoingData) { string data= target as string; var writer = new StreamWriter(outgoingData); writer.Write(data); writer.Flush(); } } public class MyVirtualizer : DialogDebuggerVisualizer { protected override void Show(IDialogVisualizerService windowService, IVisualizerObjectProvider objectProvider) { var streamReader = new StreamReader(objectProvider.GetData()); string data = streamReader.ReadToEnd(); using (var form = new MyVirtualizerForm(data)) { windowService.ShowDialog(form); } } } The string here is passed to the visualizer and show my own form. It works. But now I want to pass back the modified data from the form to the variable. How do I do that? Edit: I found out that I need to override the TransferData method in VisualizerObjectSource. But in the MSDN is no detail information about how I implement this correctly. Can someone help me please?

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  • Where should I initialize variables for an OO Recursive Descent Parse Tree?

    - by Vasto
    I'd like to preface this by stating that this is for a class, so please don't solve this for me. One of my labs for my cse class is creating an interpreter for a BNF that was provided. I understand most of the concepts, but I'm trying to build up my tree and I'm unsure where to initialize values. I've tried in both the constructor, and in the methods but Eclipse's debugger still only shows the left branch, even though it runs through completely. Here is my main procedure so you can get an idea of how I'm calling the methods. public class Parser { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { FileTokenizer instance = FileTokenizer.Instance(); FileTokenizer.main(args); Prog prog = new Prog(); prog.ParseProg(); prog.PrintProg(); prog.ExecProg(); } Now here is My Prog class: public class Prog { private DeclSeq ds; private StmtSeq ss; Prog() { ds = new DeclSeq(); ss = new StmtSeq(); } public void ParseProg() { FileTokenizer instance = FileTokenizer.Instance(); instance.skipToken(); //Skips program (1) // ds = new DeclSeq(); ds.ParseDS(); instance.skipToken(); //Skips begin (2) // ss = new StmtSeq(); ss.ParseSS(); instance.skipToken(); } I've tried having Prog() { ds = null; ss = null; } public void ParseProg() { FileTokenizer instance = FileTokenizer.Instance(); instance.skipToken(); //Skips program (1) ds = new DeclSeq(); ds.ParseDS(); ... But it gave me the same error. I need the parse tree built up so I can do a pretty print and an execute command, but like I said, I only get the left branch. Any help would be appreciated. Explanations why are even more so appreciated. Thank you, Vasto

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  • Delphi Unit local variables - how to make each instance unique?

    - by Justin
    Ok, this, I'm sure is something simple that is easy to do. The problem : I've inherited scary spaghetti code and am slowly trying to better it when new features need adding - generally when a refactor makes adding the new feature neater. I've got a bunch of code I'm packing into a single unit which, in different places in the application, controls the same physical thing in the outside world. The control appears in several places in the application and operates slightly differently in each instance. What I've done is to create a unit with all of the features I need which I can simply drop, as a frame, into each form that requires it. Each form then uses the unit's interface methods to customise the behaviour for each instance. The problem within the problem : In the unit in question (the frame) I have a variable declared in the IMPLEMENTATION section - local to the unit. I also have a procedure, declared in the TYPE section which takes an argument and assigns that argument to the local variable in question - each form passes a unique variable to each instance of the frame/unit. What I want it to do is for each instance of the frame to keep its own version of that variable, different from the others, and use that to define how it operates. What seems to be happening, however, is that all instances are using the same value, even if I explicitly pass each instance a different variable. ie: Unit FlexibleUnit; interface uses //the uses stuff type TFlexibleUnit=class(TFrame) //declarations including procedure makeThisInstanceX(passMeTheVar:integer); private // public // end; implementation uses //the uses var myLocalVar; procedure makeThisInstanceX(passMeTheVar:integer); begin myLocalVar:=passMeTheVar; end; //other procedures using myLocalVar //etc to the end; Now somewhere in another Form I've dropped this Frame onto the Design pane, sometimes two of these frames on one Form, and have it declared in the proper places, etc. Each is unique in that : ThisFlexibleUnit : TFlexibleUnit; ThatFlexibleUnit : TFlexibleUnit; and when I do a: ThisFlexibleUnit.makeThisInstanceX(var1); //want to behave in way "var1" ThatFlexibleUnit.makeThisInstanceX(var2); //want to behave in way "var2" it seems that they both share the same variable "myLocalVar". Am I doing this wrong, in principle? If this is the correct method then it's a matter of debugging what I have (which is too huge to post) but if this is not correct in principle then is there a way to do what I am suggesting? Thanks in advance, Stack Overflow - you guys (and gals!) are legendary.

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  • Inserting variables into a query string - it won't work!

    - by Jonesy
    Basically i have a query string that when i hardcode in the catalogue value its fine. when I try adding it via a variable it just doesn't pick it up. This works: Dim WaspConnection As New SqlConnection("Data Source=JURA;Initial Catalog=WaspTrackAsset_NROI;User id=" & ConfigurationManager.AppSettings("WASPDBUserName") & ";Password='" & ConfigurationManager.AppSettings("WASPDBPassword").ToString & "';") This doesn't: Public Sub GetWASPAcr() connection.Open() Dim dt As New DataTable() Dim username As String = HttpContext.Current.User.Identity.Name Dim sqlCmd As New SqlCommand("SELECT WASPDatabase FROM dbo.aspnet_Users WHERE UserName = '" & username & "'", connection) Dim sqlDa As New SqlDataAdapter(sqlCmd) sqlDa.Fill(dt) If dt.Rows.Count > 0 Then For i As Integer = 0 To dt.Rows.Count - 1 If dt.Rows(i)("WASPDatabase") Is DBNull.Value Then WASP = "" Else WASP = "WaspTrackAsset_" + dt.Rows(i)("WASPDatabase") End If Next End If connection.Close() End Sub Dim WaspConnection As New SqlConnection("Data Source=JURA;Initial Catalog=" & WASP & ";User id=" & ConfigurationManager.AppSettings("WASPDBUserName") & ";Password='" & ConfigurationManager.AppSettings("WASPDBPassword").ToString & "';") When I debug the catalog is empty in the query string but the WASP variable holds the value "WaspTrackAsset_NROI" Any idea's why? Cheers, jonesy

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  • Why is the compiler caching my "random" and NULLED variables?

    - by alex gray
    I am confounded by the fact that even using different programs (on the same machine) to run /compile, and after nilling the vaues (before and after) the function.. that NO MATTER WHAT.. I'll keep getting the SAME "random" numbers… each and every time I run it. I swear this is NOT how it's supposed to work.. I'm going to illustrate as simply as is possible… #import <Foundation/Foundation.h> int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { int rPrimitive = 0; rPrimitive = 1 + rand() % 50; NSNumber *rObject = nil; rObject = [NSNumber numberWithInt:rand() % 10]; NSLog(@"%i %@", rPrimitive, rObject); rPrimitive = 0; rObject = nil; NSLog(@"%i %@", rPrimitive, rObject); return 0; } Run it in TextMate: i686-apple-darwin11-llvm-gcc-4.2 8 9 0 (null) Run it in CodeRunner: i686-apple-darwin11-llvm-gcc-4.2 8 9 0 (null) Run it a million times, if you'd like. You can gues what it will always be. Why does this happen? Why oh why is this "how it is"?

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  • In what circumstances are instance variables declared as '_var' in 'use fields' readonly?

    - by Pedro Silva
    I'm trying to understand the behavior of the fields pragma, which I find poorly documented, regarding fields prefixed with underscores. This is what the documentation has to say about it: Field names that start with an underscore character are made private to the class and are not visible to subclasses. Inherited fields can be overridden but will generate a warning if used together with the -w switch. This is not consistent with its actual behavior, according to my test, below. Not only are _-prefixed fields visible within a subclass, they are visible within foreign classes as well (unless I don't get what 'visible' means). Also, directly accessing the restricted hash works fine. Where can I find more about the behavior of the fields pragma, short of going at the source code? { package Foo; use strict; use warnings; use fields qw/a _b __c/; sub new { my ( $class ) = @_; my Foo $self = fields::new($class); $self->a = 1; $self->b = 2; $self->c = 3; return $self; } sub a : lvalue { shift->{a} } sub b : lvalue { shift->{_b} } sub c : lvalue { shift->{__c} } } { package Bar; use base 'Foo'; use strict; use warnings; use Data::Dumper; my $o = Bar->new; print Dumper $o; ##$VAR1 = bless({'_b' => 2, '__c' => 3, 'a' => 1}, 'Foo'); $o->a = 4; $o->b = 5; $o->c = 6; print Dumper $o; ##$VAR1 = bless({'_b' => 5, '__c' => 6, 'a' => 4}, 'Foo'); $o->{a} = 7; $o->{_b} = 8; $o->{__c} = 9; print Dumper $o; ##$VAR1 = bless({'_b' => 8, '__c' => 9, 'a' => 7}, 'Foo'); }

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  • Is it good practice to name variables differently when defining more than one function?

    - by John
    For example, in this simple function where fun1 takes as input two numbers, adds them together and passes them to function 2 for printing the output. var1_in is local to each function, so is it OK to use the name var1_in in both functions, or is it better practice to call them different things? fun1 <- function (var1_in, var2_in) { var3 = var1_in + var2_in fun2(var3) } fun2 <- function (var1_in) { var4 = var1_in print(var4) }

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  • Who use class variables in SOAP calls with Savon?

    - by Steffen Roller
    I'm writing a little client using Ruby and Savon. The interface changed significantly from version 0.7 to 0.8.x. All my calls don't work anymore :-(. How can I pass on a local member variable. Please see the example, @userName and @userPassword are not defined within the block. begin @response = @authentication_svc.request :wsdl, "AuthenticateUser" do http.headers["SOAPAction"] = "AuthenticateUser" soap.body = "#{@userName}#{@passwd}" end rescue Savon::SOAP::Fault = e @last_soap_error = e.message end

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  • How are variables bound to the body of a define_method?

    - by Chris
    While trying to brush up my Ruby skills I keep running across this case which I can't figure out an explanation for by just reading the API docs. An explanation would be greatly appreciated. Here's the example code: for name in [ :new, :create, :destroy ] define_method("test_#{name}") do puts name end end What I want/expect to happen is that the name variable will be bound to the block given to define_method and that when #test_new is called it will output "new". Instead each defined method outputs "destroy" -- the last value assigned to the name variable. What am I misunderstanding about define_method and its blocks? Thanks!

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  • In what circumstances are instance variables declared as '_var' in 'use fields' private?

    - by Pedro Silva
    I'm trying to understand the behavior of the fields pragma, which I find poorly documented, regarding fields prefixed with underscores. This is what the documentation has to say about it: Field names that start with an underscore character are made private to the class and are not visible to subclasses. Inherited fields can be overridden but will generate a warning if used together with the -w switch. This is not consistent with its actual behavior, according to my test, below. Not only are _-prefixed fields visible within a subclass, they are visible within foreign classes as well (unless I don't get what 'visible' means). Also, directly accessing the restricted hash works fine. Where can I find more about the behavior of the fields pragma, short of going at the source code? { package Foo; use strict; use warnings; use fields qw/a _b __c/; sub new { my ( $class ) = @_; my Foo $self = fields::new($class); $self->a = 1; $self->b = 2; $self->c = 3; return $self; } sub a : lvalue { shift->{a} } sub b : lvalue { shift->{_b} } sub c : lvalue { shift->{__c} } } { package Bar; use base 'Foo'; use strict; use warnings; use Data::Dumper; my $o = Bar->new; print Dumper $o; ##$VAR1 = bless({'_b' => 2, '__c' => 3, 'a' => 1}, 'Foo'); $o->a = 4; $o->b = 5; $o->c = 6; print Dumper $o; ##$VAR1 = bless({'_b' => 5, '__c' => 6, 'a' => 4}, 'Foo'); $o->{a} = 7; $o->{_b} = 8; $o->{__c} = 9; print Dumper $o; ##$VAR1 = bless({'_b' => 8, '__c' => 9, 'a' => 7}, 'Foo'); }

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