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  • Nagios: NRPE: Unable to read output, Can't find the reason, can you?

    - by Itai Ganot
    I have a Nagios server and a monitored server. On the monitored server: [root@Monitored ~]# netstat -an |grep :5666 tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5666 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN [root@Monitored ~]# locate check_kvm /usr/lib64/nagios/plugins/check_kvm [root@Monitored ~]# /usr/lib64/nagios/plugins/check_kvm -H localhost hosts:3 OK:3 WARN:0 CRIT:0 - ab2c7:running alpweb5:running istaweb5:running [root@Monitored ~]# /usr/lib64/nagios/plugins/check_nrpe -H localhost -c check_kvm NRPE: Unable to read output [root@Monitored ~]# /usr/lib64/nagios/plugins/check_nrpe -H localhost NRPE v2.14 [root@Monitored ~]# ps -ef |grep nrpe nagios 21178 1 0 16:11 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/nrpe -c /etc/nagios/nrpe.cfg -d [root@Monitored ~]# On the Nagios server: [root@Nagios ~]# /usr/lib64/nagios/plugins/check_nrpe -H 1.1.1.159 -c check_kvm NRPE: Unable to read output [root@Nagios ~]# /usr/lib64/nagios/plugins/check_nrpe -H 1.1.1.159 NRPE v2.14 [root@Nagios ~]# When I check another server in the network using the same command it works: [root@Nagios ~]# /usr/lib64/nagios/plugins/check_nrpe -H 1.1.1.80 -c check_kvm hosts:4 OK:4 WARN:0 CRIT:0 - karmisoft:running ab2c4:running kidumim1:running travel2gether1:running [root@Nagios ~]# Running the check locally using Nagios account: [root@Monitored ~]# su - nagios -bash-4.1$ /usr/lib64/nagios/plugins/check_kvm hosts:3 OK:3 WARN:0 CRIT:0 - ab2c7:running alpweb5:running istaweb5:running -bash-4.1$ Running the check remotely from the Nagios server using Nagios account: -bash-4.1$ /usr/lib64/nagios/plugins/check_nrpe -H 1.1.1.159 -c check_kvm NRPE: Unable to read output -bash-4.1$ /usr/lib64/nagios/plugins/check_nrpe -H 1.1.1.159 NRPE v2.14 -bash-4.1$ Running the same check_kvm against a different server in the network using Nagios account: -bash-4.1$ /usr/lib64/nagios/plugins/check_nrpe -H 1.1.1.80 -c check_kvm hosts:4 OK:4 WARN:0 CRIT:0 - karmisoft:running ab2c4:running kidumim1:running travel2gether1:running -bash-4.1$ Permissions: -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 4684 2013-10-14 17:14 nrpe.cfg (aka /etc/nagios/nrpe.cfg) drwxrwxr-x. 3 nagios nagios 4096 2013-10-15 03:38 plugins (aka /usr/lib64/nagios/plugins) /etc/sudoers: [root@Monitored ~]# grep -i requiretty /etc/sudoers #Defaults requiretty iptables/selinux: [root@Monitored xinetd.d]# service iptables status iptables: Firewall is not running. [root@Monitored xinetd.d]# service ip6tables status ip6tables: Firewall is not running. [root@Monitored xinetd.d]# grep disable /etc/selinux/config # disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded. SELINUX=disabled [root@Monitored xinetd.d]# The command in /etc/nagios/nrpe.cfg is: [root@Monitored ~]# grep kvm /etc/nagios/nrpe.cfg command[check_kvm]=sudo /usr/lib64/nagios/plugins/check_kvm and the nagios user is added on /etc/sudoers: nagios ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:/usr/lib64/nagios/plugins/check_kvm nagios ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:/usr/lib64/nagios/plugins/check_nrpe The check_kvm is a shell script, looks like that: #!/bin/sh LIST=$(virsh list --all | sed '1,2d' | sed '/^$/d'| awk '{print $2":"$3}') if [ ! "$LIST" ]; then EXITVAL=3 #Status 3 = UNKNOWN (orange) echo "Unknown guests" exit $EXITVAL fi OK=0 WARN=0 CRIT=0 NUM=0 for host in $(echo $LIST) do name=$(echo $host | awk -F: '{print $1}') state=$(echo $host | awk -F: '{print $2}') NUM=$(expr $NUM + 1) case "$state" in running|blocked) OK=$(expr $OK + 1) ;; paused) WARN=$(expr $WARN + 1) ;; shutdown|shut*|crashed) CRIT=$(expr $CRIT + 1) ;; *) CRIT=$(expr $CRIT + 1) ;; esac done if [ "$NUM" -eq "$OK" ]; then EXITVAL=0 #Status 0 = OK (green) fi if [ "$WARN" -gt 0 ]; then EXITVAL=1 #Status 1 = WARNING (yellow) fi if [ "$CRIT" -gt 0 ]; then EXITVAL=2 #Status 2 = CRITICAL (red) fi echo hosts:$NUM OK:$OK WARN:$WARN CRIT:$CRIT - $LIST exit $EXITVAL Edit (10/22/13): Following all that, I am now able to get some response from the script: [root@Monitored ~]# /usr/lib64/nagios/plugins/check_nrpe -H localhost -c check_kvm Unknown guests [root@Monitored ~]# /usr/lib64/nagios/plugins/check_nrpe -H localhost NRPE v2.14 [root@Monitored ~]# /usr/lib64/nagios/plugins/check_kvm hosts:3 OK:3 WARN:0 CRIT:0 - ab2c7:running alpweb5:running istaweb5:running [root@Monitored ~]# su - nagios -bash-4.1$ /usr/lib64/nagios/plugins/check_kvm hosts:3 OK:3 WARN:0 CRIT:0 - ab2c7:running alpweb5:running istaweb5:running -bash-4.1$ /usr/lib64/nagios/plugins/check_nrpe -H localhost -c check_kvm Unknown guests -bash-4.1$ /usr/lib64/nagios/plugins/check_nrpe -H localhost NRPE v2.14 It seems like the problem is some how related to the check_nrpe command or something which is related to the nrpe installation on the server.

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  • Linux, how to capture screen, and simulate mouse movements.

    - by 2di
    Hi All I need to capture screen (as print screen) in the way so I can access pixel color data, to do some image recognition, after that I will need to generate mouse events on the screen such as left click, drag and drop (moving mouse while button is pressed, and then release it). Once its done, image will be deleted. Note: I need to capture whole screen everything that user can see, and I need to simulate clicks outside window of my program (if it makes any difference) Spec: Linux ubuntu Language: C++ Performance is not very important,"print screen" function will be executed once every ~10 sec. Duration of the process can be up to 24 hours so method needs to be stable and memory leaks free (as usuall :) I was able to do in windows with win GDI and some windows events, but I'ev no idea how to do it in Linux. Thanks a lot

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  • Software for capturing still image snapshots from video input

    - by cantabilesoftware
    What software is available that will let me watch video from a USB video capture device at full PAL/NTSC resolution and capture a still image at a button press? More info: I'm using a KaiserBaas USB capture device (http://www.kaiserbaas.com/kaiser-baas-product-page/converters/video-to-dvd-maker), and want to capture screen shots from a PS2 connected to it. I'd like to play the game at the full PS2 resolution and capture certain scenes. The device has a one-touch snapshot button on it, but I can't seem to make it work and there's no mention of it anywhere in the documentation. The device works and the video appears in Power Producer (the included software), but I think it previews it smaller than the full resolution. I could print screen it, but having to crop will be a pain.

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  • Converting java language output to Joomla language output

    - by jax
    in java if I run : Locale.getDefault().toString() I get zh_tw I am sending this to a joomla site and setting the language like this: $lang = &JFactory::getLanguage(); $lang->setLanguage( $_GET['lang'] ); $lang->load(); however the site requires the following format zh-TW It appears that if it is not in that exact format the language will not change. Is there a function somewhere in java or php that will convert the format for me? I realise that I could write the method myself like this: public static String convertLanguageToJoomlaFormat(String lang) { String[] parts = lang.split("_"); if(parts.length ==2) return parts[0]+"-"+parts[1].toUpperCase(); return lang; } but am unsure if there are any cases where the format changes for particular languages.

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  • Can someone explain to me why my output is this? And how would I correct my output?

    - by user342231
    /* in this slice of code I get an output of bbb 55 66 77 88 aaa the output I expect and want is bbb 55 66 77 88 bbb because I reassign ss from log[0] to log[1] So my question is why is the output different from what I expect and how do I change it to what I want? */ int w,x,y,z; stringstream ss (stringstream::in | stringstream::out); string word; string log[2]; log[0]="aaa 11 22 33 44"; log[1]="bbb 55 66 77 88"; ss<<log[0]; ss>>word; int k=0; ss>>w>>x>>y>>z; k++; ss<<log[k]; cout<<log[k]<<endl; ss>>word; cout<<word<<endl; return 0;

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  • HDMI video output not working for external monitor

    - by user291852
    I have installed from scratch ubuntu GNOME 14.04 with gnome-flashback on my old HP HDX 16 laptop (core 2 duo p8600 + nvidia GT9600M + 4GB of ram) and I have problems with the HDMI output (I use it to extend my desktop on a dell U2412M 1920x1200 monitor). In the following I summarize the configurations that I have tried: Using the open source nouveau drivers, only the laptop monitor works, no signal from the external monitor connected to the HDMI output. However, the output of the xrandr command show that the HDMI output is connected with the correct resolution 1920x1200 (I find this thing really weird). Nouveau drivers with VGA connection works without problems on the external monitor, but the image is blurry compared to the HDMI connection. Using the nvidia drivers (I have tried different versions: nvidia-331-updates and the xorg-edgers versions nvidia-334 and nvidia-337) the HDMI output works, but I have system instabilities, random crashes and display freezes. I can't even enter in terminal mode with ctrl-alt-f1, so I have to manually shut down the laptop with the power button. I really would like to use the HDMI output with the nouveau drivers to avoid the system instabilities that I experienced with the nvidia drivers, but I can't figure out how to make it works. Alessandro

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  • The Art of Motion Capture [Video]

    - by Jason Fitzpatrick
    Motion capture is the process of using cameras and actors wearing special suits in order to build realistic and fluid foundations for CGI characters. Watch this informative video to see how the process works. Courtesy of the video series Good Job, a series focused on interesting jobs within the film and video game industry, we see how martial artists wearing special suits dotted with LEDs generate the basic framework for the fighters in the popular video game series Tekken. [via Neatorama] HTG Explains: Why Linux Doesn’t Need Defragmenting How to Convert News Feeds to Ebooks with Calibre How To Customize Your Wallpaper with Google Image Searches, RSS Feeds, and More

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  • Using Sql Server Change Data Capture with a frequently changing schema

    - by Pete
    We are looking into enabling Sql Server Change Data Capture for a new subsystem we are building. It's not really because we need it, but we are being pushed for having a complete history traceability, and CDC would nicely solve this requirement with minimum effort on our parts. We are following an agile development process, which in this case means that we frequently make changes to the database schema, e.g. adding new columns, moving data to other columns, etc. We did a small test where we created a table, enabled CDC for that table, and then added a new column to the table. Changes to the new column is not registered in the CDC table. Is there a mechanism to update the CDC table to the new schema, and are there any best practices to how you deal with captured data when migrating the database schema?

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  • Extending the Value of Your Oracle Financials Applications Investment with Document Capture, Imaging and Workflow

    Learn how Oracles end-to-end document imaging system extends the value and increases the automation of your Oracle Financials applications by using intelligent capture and imaging technologies to streamline high volume operations like accounts payable. Oracle Imaging and Process Management 11g (Oracle I/PM 11g) offers an integrated system that digitizes paper invoices, intelligently extracts header information and line item details, initiates automated workflows, and enables in-context access to imaged invoices directly from Oracle Applications, including Oracle E-Business Suite Financials and PeopleSoft Enterprise Financial Management. Come hear more about these certfied, standards-based application integrations as well as how document imaging can help your organization achieve quick, measurable ROI, by increasing efficiencies across financial departments, and reducing costs related to paper storage and handling.

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  • DVC101 Video Capture Device on USB hub - Ubuntu Server 12.04

    - by John
    I have a Dell Inspiron 8600 laptop I use as a media server/video capture system. It only has 2 USB ports and I have a total of 3 devices I need to connect. The DVC101 works perfectly while plugged directly into the USB port in back of the laptop. Unfortunately it does not get recognized when plugged into a passive or powered USB hub. Questions: Is there something I am missing on the Ubuntu side? Something I need to do that will allow the device to be recognized through the hub? If not, will the extra USB ports on a dell laptop dock (port replicator) act the same as the aftermarket hubs? I know this one is off topic of Ubuntu but any input appreciated.

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  • Windows 8 : fuite d'une nouvelle capture d'écran, concernant le panneau de contrôle des langues

    Windows 8 : fuite d'une nouvelle capture d'écran, concernant le panneau de contrôle des langues Une nouvelle fuite concernant Windows 8 a fait son apparition, et a généré la propagation d'un screenshot sur le Web. Sa provenance n'est pas claire, mais il semble authentique. Il montre le "langage explorer" du futur OS de Microsoft, qui est logiquement une nouvelle page du panneau de contrôle des langues. Ces dernières sont classée par ordre alphabétique (réglage par défaut), mais peuvent aussi être ordonnées par région ou type de caractères (latins, etc.) grâce à un menu déroulant. Rien ne permet toutefois de dire que ce design sera celui du Windows Explorer que l'on trouvera ef...

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  • How to use OUTPUT statement inside a SQL trigger?

    - by Jeff Meatball Yang
    From MSDN: If a statement that includes an OUTPUT clause is used inside the body of a trigger, table aliases must be used to reference the trigger inserted and deleted tables to avoid duplicating column references with the INSERTED and DELETED tables associated with OUTPUT. Can someone give me an example of this? I'm not sure if this is correct: create trigger MyInterestingTrigger on TransactionalTable123 AFTER insert, update, delete AS declare @batchId table(batchId int) insert SomeBatch (batchDate, employeeId) output SomeBatch.INSERTED.batchId into @batchId insert HistoryTable select b.batchId, i.col1, i.col2, i.col3 from TransactionalTable123.inserted i cross join @batchId b

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  • How do you set the default source for the Output window in Visual Studio?

    - by Grank
    We added a SharePoint BDC model project to a solution in Visual Studio 2010. Ever since, whenever the solution is built, instead of showing the Build output in the Output window, it insists on having "SharePoint Tools" selected in the "Show Output from:" drop-down, just to say "Model validation started ... Model validation completed with no errors." Short of shutting off any SharePoint projects in the build configuration, can this behavior be overridden?

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  • Can redirection of screen output to file change the result of a C++ code?

    - by Biga
    I am having this very weird behaviour with a C++ code: It gives me different results when running with and without redirecting the screen output to a file (reproducible in cygwin and linux). I mean, if I get the same executable and run it like ./run or run it like ./run >out.log, I get different results! I use std::cout to output to screen, all lines ending with endl; I use ifstream for the input file; I use ofstream for output, all lines ending with endl. I am using g++ 4. Any idea what is going on? UPDATE: I have hard-coded the input data, so 'ifstream' is not used, and problem persists. UPDATE 2: That's getting interesting. I have probed three variables that are computed initially, and that's what I get when using with and without redirecting the output to file redirected to file: 0 -0.02 0 direct to screen: 0 -0.02 1.04083e-17 So there's a round-off difference in the code variables with and without redirecting the output! Now, why redirecting would interefere with an internal computation of the code? UPDATE 3: If I redirect to /dev/null, I get the sam behaviour as outputing direct to screen, instead of redirecting to file.

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  • error: 'void Base::output()' is protected within this context

    - by Bill
    I'm confused about the errors generated by the following code. In Derived::doStuff, I can access Base::output directly by calling it. Why can't I create a pointer to output() in the same context that I can call output()? (I thought protected / private governed whether you could use a name in a specific context, but apparently that is incomplete?) Is my fix of writing callback(this, &Derived::output); instead of callback(this, Base::output) the correct solution? #include <iostream> using std::cout; using std::endl; template <typename T, typename U> void callback(T obj, U func) { ((obj)->*(func))(); } class Base { protected: void output() { cout << "Base::output" << endl; } }; class Derived : public Base { public: void doStuff() { // call it directly: output(); Base::output(); // create a pointer to it: // void (Base::*basePointer)() = &Base::output; // error: 'void Base::output()' is protected within this context void (Derived::*derivedPointer)() = &Derived::output; // call a function passing the pointer: // callback(this, &Base::output); // error: 'void Base::output()' is protected within this context callback(this, &Derived::output); } }; int main() { Derived d; d.doStuff(); }

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  • Change Data Capture

    - by Ricardo Peres
    There's an hidden gem in SQL Server 2008: Change Data Capture (CDC). Using CDC we get full audit capabilities with absolutely no implementation code: we can see all changes made to a specific table, including the old and new values! You can only use CDC in SQL Server 2008 Standard or Enterprise, Express edition is not supported. Here are the steps you need to take, just remember SQL Agent must be running: use SomeDatabase; -- first create a table CREATE TABLE Author ( ID INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY(1, 1), Name NVARCHAR(20) NOT NULL, EMail NVARCHAR(50) NOT NULL, Birthday DATE NOT NULL ) -- enable CDC at the DB level EXEC sys.sp_cdc_enable_db -- check CDC is enabled for the current DB SELECT name, is_cdc_enabled FROM sys.databases WHERE name = 'SomeDatabase' -- enable CDC for table Author, all columns exec sys.sp_cdc_enable_table @source_schema = 'dbo', @source_name = 'Author', @role_name = null -- insert values into table Author insert into Author (Name, EMail, Birthday, Username) values ('Bla', 'bla@bla', 1990-10-10, 'bla') -- check CDC data for table Author -- __$operation: 1 = DELETE, 2 = INSERT, 3 = BEFORE UPDATE 4 = AFTER UPDATE -- __$start_lsn: operation timestamp select * from cdc.dbo_author_CT -- update table Author update Author set EMail = '[email protected]' where Name = 'Bla' -- check CDC data for table Author select * from cdc.dbo_author_CT -- delete from table Author delete from Author -- check CDC data for table Author select * from cdc.dbo_author_CT -- disable CDC for table Author -- this removes all CDC data, so be carefull exec sys.sp_cdc_disable_table @source_schema = 'dbo', @source_name = 'Author', @capture_instance = 'dbo_Author' -- disable CDC for the entire DB -- this removes all CDC data, so be carefull exec sys.sp_cdc_disable_db SyntaxHighlighter.config.clipboardSwf = 'http://alexgorbatchev.com/pub/sh/2.0.320/scripts/clipboard.swf'; SyntaxHighlighter.all();

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  • HTML5 video capture and streaming?

    - by Shyatic
    I'm working on kind of an educational site, where there are teachers and students around the world (potentially). Since it's a non-profit site, and I don't have the need for it to be done tomorrow (kind of a side project of something bigger), I wanted to know the best way to figure out how to do this. I'm not a programmer by trade, I've been on the systems side of things for years, but I understand most technology and the question here is more how to gauge what to do so I can get the right resources in place. That said... here's what I am looking at. I figure the future is HTML5, and that's probably where I'd rather spend my efforts given that it will be cross platform and without the need for plugins. It will work on mobile as well. Question is, how well does HTML5 handle input media, say desktop capture and camera, or on mobile perhaps, where I'd want to use the user's phone camera, etc. Second question is dynamic streaming... I've read about MPEG DASH, then there are technologies like Smooth Streaming (which I think given the way Silverlight is going is going to be gone or useless), then also Apple and Flash, but if I'm doing HTML5 it doesn't benefit me. Any ideas here would be really helpful, and the more detail the better! :) That's about it... there are free chat services out there like using the MSN Web Chat controls (how good they are, I don't know, but worldwide most people have a Hotmail/MSN account) so I can use that for chat. I don't know its limitations of course, but that's something if people know or have suggestions, then I'm all ears. Thanks for the help, I greatly appreciate it!

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  • Automation : Selenium iphone(Mobile) Driver To Capture Network using Xcode iPhone Simulator

    - by Sandeep
    I am using Xcode iPhone(Mobile) simulator to run Selenium iPhone WebDriver Automation scripts for mobile Websites. Is there anyway to capture Network-Traffic on iPhone simulator similar to Selenium RC Network capture or BrowserMob Proxy for Web Driver. Please let me know if you know way to capture Network traffic on iPhone simulator programmatically. I do see some tools like Wireshark or HTTPScoop to capture network traffic but I need in a pro grammatical way to automate. I need this scenario for pixel tracking. Thanks Sandeep

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  • Iphone sdk code to capture images at 15 FPS on 3g mobile and sending to ffmpeg server .

    - by user286517
    I'm writing an app code to do video recording on iPhone much like all the available apps :) ... All im trying to do is capture screen from iPhone camera on 3g mobile and sending them to server .. but want some time efficient approach for sending to server and capturing image sequences ... its like i want to send 15 images / second to server in one single go :P i've set up server with FFMPEG and other codecs so their is no issue in generation of live video / stream .... Help me ...special reward for best helping answer

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  • CRM@Oracle Series: Web Marketing Integration

    - by tony.berk
    Who is visiting your website? How did they get there? Was it from a search engine? Email campaign? Are they downloading whitepapers, datasheets, presentations, software? Are they interested in attending one of your marketing events? Are you capturing these leads or which marketing campaign generated the lead? There are a lot of questions related to traffic on a website, and the answers to those questions can be found in your CRM system. Visitors who download marketing collateral are potential leads, so it is important to capture who they are, how they got there, where they went on the website and what they are looking for. Today's CRM@Oracle slidecast discusses how Oracle uses Siebel CRM to plan and execute marketing campaigns on our website, www.oracle.com, and capture the key information about who is downloading content or interested in attending one of our marketing events. The responses are captured, qualified, and if appropriate, a lead is generated. It all happens in Siebel CRM. CRM@Oracle Series: Web Marketing Integration Click here to learn more about Oracle CRM products and here to learn about other customers using Oracle CRM. Are you enjoying the CRM@Oracle Series? If you have a particular CRM area or function which you'd like to hear how Oracle implemented it internally, leave us a comment and we'll try to get it on our list.

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  • New <%: %> Syntax for HTML Encoding Output in ASP.NET 4 (and ASP.NET MVC 2)

    - by ScottGu
    [In addition to blogging, I am also now using Twitter for quick updates and to share links. Follow me at: twitter.com/scottgu] This is the nineteenth in a series of blog posts I’m doing on the upcoming VS 2010 and .NET 4 release. Today’s post covers a small, but very useful, new syntax feature being introduced with ASP.NET 4 – which is the ability to automatically HTML encode output within code nuggets.  This helps protect your applications and sites against cross-site script injection (XSS) and HTML injection attacks, and enables you to do so using a nice concise syntax. HTML Encoding Cross-site script injection (XSS) and HTML encoding attacks are two of the most common security issues that plague web-sites and applications.  They occur when hackers find a way to inject client-side script or HTML markup into web-pages that are then viewed by other visitors to a site.  This can be used to both vandalize a site, as well as enable hackers to run client-script code that steals cookie data and/or exploits a user’s identity on a site to do bad things. One way to help mitigate against cross-site scripting attacks is to make sure that rendered output is HTML encoded within a page.  This helps ensures that any content that might have been input/modified by an end-user cannot be output back onto a page containing tags like <script> or <img> elements.  ASP.NET applications (especially those using ASP.NET MVC) often rely on using <%= %> code-nugget expressions to render output.  Developers today often use the Server.HtmlEncode() or HttpUtility.Encode() helper methods within these expressions to HTML encode the output before it is rendered.  This can be done using code like below: While this works fine, there are two downsides of it: It is a little verbose Developers often forget to call the HtmlEncode method New <%: %> Code Nugget Syntax With ASP.NET 4 we are introducing a new code expression syntax (<%:  %>) that renders output like <%= %> blocks do – but which also automatically HTML encodes it before doing so.  This eliminates the need to explicitly HTML encode content like we did in the example above.  Instead you can just write the more concise code below to accomplish the same thing: We chose the <%: %> syntax so that it would be easy to quickly replace existing instances of <%= %> code blocks.  It also enables you to easily search your code-base for <%= %> elements to find and verify any cases where you are not using HTML encoding within your application to ensure that you have the correct behavior. Avoiding Double Encoding While HTML encoding content is often a good best practice, there are times when the content you are outputting is meant to be HTML or is already encoded – in which case you don’t want to HTML encode it again.  ASP.NET 4 introduces a new IHtmlString interface (along with a concrete implementation: HtmlString) that you can implement on types to indicate that its value is already properly encoded (or otherwise examined) for displaying as HTML, and that therefore the value should not be HTML-encoded again.  The <%: %> code-nugget syntax checks for the presence of the IHtmlString interface and will not HTML encode the output of the code expression if its value implements this interface.  This allows developers to avoid having to decide on a per-case basis whether to use <%= %> or <%: %> code-nuggets.  Instead you can always use <%: %> code nuggets, and then have any properties or data-types that are already HTML encoded implement the IHtmlString interface. Using ASP.NET MVC HTML Helper Methods with <%: %> For a practical example of where this HTML encoding escape mechanism is useful, consider scenarios where you use HTML helper methods with ASP.NET MVC.  These helper methods typically return HTML.  For example: the Html.TextBox() helper method returns markup like <input type=”text”/>.  With ASP.NET MVC 2 these helper methods now by default return HtmlString types – which indicates that the returned string content is safe for rendering and should not be encoded by <%: %> nuggets.  This allows you to use these methods within both <%= %> code nugget blocks: As well as within <%: %> code nugget blocks: In both cases above the HTML content returned from the helper method will be rendered to the client as HTML – and the <%: %> code nugget will avoid double-encoding it. This enables you to default to always using <%: %> code nuggets instead of <%= %> code blocks within your applications.  If you want to be really hardcore you can even create a build rule that searches your application looking for <%= %> usages and flags any cases it finds as an error to enforce that HTML encoding always takes place. Scaffolding ASP.NET MVC 2 Views When you use VS 2010 (or the free Visual Web Developer 2010 Express) you’ll find that the views that are scaffolded using the “Add View” dialog now by default always use <%: %> blocks when outputting any content.  For example, below I’ve scaffolded a simple “Edit” view for an article object.  Note the three usages of <%: %> code nuggets for the label, textbox, and validation message (all output with HTML helper methods): Summary The new <%: %> syntax provides a concise way to automatically HTML encode content and then render it as output.  It allows you to make your code a little less verbose, and to easily check/verify that you are always HTML encoding content throughout your site.  This can help protect your applications against cross-site script injection (XSS) and HTML injection attacks.  Hope this helps, Scott

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