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  • zsh : How to list directory content with tab?

    - by Philippe CM
    I just switched from BASH to ZSH and thing are pretty good, but: when I start typing cd /usr/share/s and hit TAB, this is what I get : $ cd /usr/share/sane/ sane/ skype/ ssl-cert/ screen/ smplayer/ strigi/ seed-gtk3/ snmp/ synaptic/ sgml/ software-properties/ system-config-printer/ sgml-base/ soprano/ sysv-rc/ sgml-data/ sounds/ simple-scan/ splashy/ And this is ok. If I then hit TAB again, I get $ cd /usr/share/screen/, the next candidate, witch is also OK. (BTW, how do I cycle back to the previous candidate? Sorry, on to my question) Now what if I want to see the contents of /usr/share/screen/ now ? You now, BASH-style? The cursor is at the end of the line, will I have to ctrl-a (or home), then del del (to erase cd) then ls then ENTER? That seems like a lot of typing. (And it - possibly unnecessarily - enters the command in the history) Would not there be a key (maybe modifier-TAB? but the obvious candidates are already taken by the desktop... I digress) that would tell zsh to stop cycling through /usr/share/ and instead, just list the content /usr/share/screen/ ?

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  • PHP script keeps doing mmap/munmap

    - by Aurélien Momow
    Hello, My PHP script contains a loop, which does nothing much more than echoing and dereferencing pointers (like in $tab[$othertab[$i]]- stuff). It was working great until yesterday, when this script starting being VERY slow (like 50 times slower than before). After using strace, i figured out that 90% of the time, the script does mmap/munmap. Here is a random portion of the strace log : mmap(NULL, 266240, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fac0156c000 munmap(0x7fac0156c000, 266240) = 0 mmap(NULL, 266240, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fac0156c000 munmap(0x7fac0156c000, 266240) = 0 mmap(NULL, 266240, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fac0156c000 munmap(0x7fac0156c000, 266240) = 0 mmap(NULL, 266240, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fac0156c000 munmap(0x7fac0156c000, 266240) = 0 mmap(NULL, 266240, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fac0156c000 munmap(0x7fac0156c000, 266240) = 0 mmap(NULL, 266240, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fac0156c000 munmap(0x7fac0156c000, 266240) = 0 mmap(NULL, 266240, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fac0156c000 munmap(0x7fac0156c000, 266240) = 0 mmap(NULL, 266240, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fac0156c000 munmap(0x7fac0156c000, 266240) = 0 mmap(NULL, 266240, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fac0156c000 munmap(0x7fac0156c000, 266240) = 0 mmap(NULL, 266240, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fac0156c000 munmap(0x7fac0156c000, 266240) = 0 mmap(NULL, 266240, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fac0156c000 munmap(0x7fac0156c000, 266240) = 0 mmap(NULL, 266240, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fac0156c000 munmap(0x7fac0156c000, 266240) = 0 mmap(NULL, 266240, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fac0156c000 munmap(0x7fac0156c000, 266240) = 0 mmap(NULL, 266240, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fac0156c000 mmap(NULL, 266240, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fac0152b000 mmap(NULL, 266240, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fac014ea000 Here is the result of the strace -c command : % time seconds usecs/call calls errors syscall ------ ----------- ----------- --------- --------- ---------------- 82.77 0.004092 0 13542 mmap 9.69 0.000479 0 3642 write 7.54 0.000373 0 13541 munmap 0.00 0.000000 0 100 read 0.00 0.000000 0 88 poll 0.00 0.000000 0 25 4 access ------ ----------- ----------- --------- --------- ---------------- 100.00 0.004944 30938 4 total Here is the php script : function affAnnonce($tabAnnonces, $isDoublon = 0) { GLOBAL $db, $base, $tabDomaine, $doublon, $traduction, $tab_contrat, $tab_emploi, $tab_categ, $tab_metier, $tab_region, $tab_departement, $tab_secteur, $tab_experience, $calc_all, $tabLangues, $tabLanguesNiveau, $tabNoAffAnnonce, $tabHisto; foreach($tabAnnonces AS $tmp) { if (in_array($tmp['id'], $tabNoAffAnnonce) === true) { continue; } $value->host = "../"; foreach($tabDomaine AS $domaine => $valeur) { if ($domaine == $tmp['domaine']) { $value->host = $valeur->host; break; } } // Ordre // secteur;metier;contrat;emploi;region;langues;domaine $tabPushModif = array(); if ($tmp['push_preview'] != '') { $tabPushModif = explode(';', $tmp['push_preview']); $tabPushModif['secteur'] = $tabPushModif[0]; $tabPushModif['metier'] = $tabPushModif[1]; $tabPushModif['contrat'] = $tabPushModif[2]; $tabPushModif['id_emploi'] = $tabPushModif[3]; $tabPushModif['regions'] = $tabPushModif[4]; $tabPushModif['langues'] = $tabPushModif[5]; $tabPushModif['domaine'] = $tabPushModif[6]; } $infoSoc = get_nom_societe($tmp['id_societe']); $number = ($tmp['nb_preview_push'] != '' ? $tmp['nb_preview_push'] : '&nbsp;'); $secteurs = explode ("/", $tmp[secteur]); $sector = ""; $count_sect = count($secteurs); for ($k = 0; $k < $count_sect; $k++) { if ($secteurs[$k] != '') { $sector .= $tab_secteur[$secteurs[$k]].'/'; } } $tmp['poste'] = apresinsertion($tmp['poste']); $tmp['metier'] = $tab_metier[$tmp['metier']]; $tmp['region'] = $tab_region[$tmp['region']]; $tmp['departement'] = $tab_departement[$tmp['departement']]; $tmp['secteur'] = $sector; $tmp['id_contrat'] = $tmp['contrat']; $tmp['contrat'] = $tab_contrat[$tmp['contrat']]; $tmp['emploi'] = $tab_emploi[$tmp['id_emploi']]; $tmp['categorie'] = $tab_categ[$tmp['categorie']]; echo '<tr id="'.($isDoublon ? 'dbl_' : '').$tmp['id'].'"><td align="center" class="tdFirst nowrap dbl_'.$tmp['id'].'" id="aff_'.$tmp['id'].'"'; switch($tmp['affiche']) { case '0': echo ' bgcolor=#DBB7FF'; break; default : ; } echo '><a href=?op=annonces&search4='.$tmp[id].' target=_new>'.$tmp[id].'</a><br />'; echo '<a href="'.$value->host.'" target="blank">'.strtoupper($tmp['domaine']).'<br /><img src="../images/flags/'.$tmp['domaine'].'.png" border=0 align=middle></a>'; echo '</TD><TD align=center class=tdNext'; if ($tmp['filtre'] == 1) echo ' bgcolor=#FF0000'; echo '>'; if ($isDoublon) echo '<a id="'.$tmp['id'].'" class="doublon" href="#">DOUBLON</a> - '; if (($tmp[id_reponse] == 1) || ($tmp[id_reponse] == 2) || ($tmp[id_reponse] == 4) || ($tmp[id_reponse] == 5)) echo '<a href="javascript:voir_annonce(\''.$tmp['id'].'\', \''.$value->host.'\')" onMouseOver="showPreview('.$tmp['id'].');" onMouseOut="hidePreview('.$tmp['id'].');">'.$tmp['poste'].'</a>'; if ($tmp[id_reponse] == 3) echo '<a href="javascript:voir_annonce3(\''.$tmp['url_reponse'].'\')" onMouseOver="showPreview('.$tmp['id'].');" onMouseOut="hidePreview('.$tmp['id'].');">'.$tmp['poste'].'</a>'; if ($tmp['urgent'] == 1) print " - <font class=r_bold>urgent</font>"; if ($tmp['gold'] == 1) print " - <font class=g_bold>gold</font>"; if ($tmp['cvtheque'] == 1) print " - CVthèque"; if ($tmp['url_reponse'] != '' && $tmp['id_reponse'] != 3) { echo '<br /><br />URL - '; $len = strlen($tmp['url_reponse']); if ($len > 50) { $link = substr($tmp['url_reponse'], 0, 47).'...'; } else { $link = $tmp['url_reponse']; } echo '<a href="'.$tmp['url_reponse'].'" style="color: #666;" target="_blank">'.$link.'</a>'; } // Début du div ou sera placé l'annonce echo '<br /><div id="preview_'.$tmp['id'].'" name="preview_'.$tmp['id'].'" class="tdStyle1" style="z-index: 1000; display: none; position: fixed; left: 0px; top: 0px; padding: 4px; border: 1px solid #666; background: #fff; text-align: left; width: 777px;" onMouseOver="showPreview('.$tmp['id'].');" onMouseOut="hidePreview('.$tmp['id'].');">'; $tmp["url"] = substr($tmp["url"], 7); $id_modele = getIdModeleByAnnonce($tmp['id_societe'], $tmp["id"], $tmp['domaine']); $tmp["poste"] = mb_strtoupper($tmp["poste"]); $isFnh = isFnhAnnonce($tmp['id']); $logo = ""; if ($isFnh) { $logo_jpg = getFnhLogo(); $logo = "<img align='center' border='0' src='".$logo_jpg."' />"; } else { if ($id_modele > 0) { if ($tmp['id_reponse'] == 1) { $logo_gif = "../fichiers/societes/".$tmp['id_societe']."/".$id_modele.".gif"; if (file_exists($logo_gif)) { $logo = "<img align=center border=0 src=".$logo_gif.">"; } } else { $rep = "../fichiers/societes/".$tmp['id_societe']."/".$id_modele; $logo_jpg = $rep.".jpg"; $logo_swf = $rep.".swf"; $logo_gif = $rep.".gif"; if (file_exists($logo_jpg)) { $logo = "<img align=center border=0 src=".$logo_jpg.">"; } elseif (file_exists($logo_swf)) $logo = '<object classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=7,0,0,0" width="120" height="600"> <param name=movie value="'.$logo_swf.'"> <param name=quality value=high> <embed src="'.$logo_swf.'" quality=high pluginspage="http://www.macromedia.com/shockwave/download/index.cgi?P1_Prod_Version=ShockwaveFlash" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="120" height="600"></embed> </object>'; elseif (file_exists($logo_gif)) { $logo = "<img align=center border=0 src=".$logo_gif.">"; } } } } if (strlen($logo) > 0 && strlen($tmp['url']) > 0) $logo = "<a href=http://".$tmp['url']." target=_blank>".$logo."</a>"; if (strlen($tmp['url_reponse']) <= 0) { $tmp['url_reponse'] = "../jobs/repondre_annonce.php?id=".$tmp['id']."\" onClick=\""; if ($tmp['contact_email'] == "") $tmp['url_reponse'] .= "alert('".$traduction->aff_word("repondre_courrier", $tabTrad['only_word']).'\n'.$tmp['societe'].'\n'.str_replace("<br />", '\n', ereg_replace("[\r\n\t]", "", $tmp['adresse']))."');"; else $tmp['url_reponse'] .= "popUp(this.href, 'scroll', 540, 400);"; $tmp['url_reponse'] .= "return false;"; } ?> <table width="775" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border=0> <? if ($tmp['id_reponse'] != "2") { ?> <tr> <td width="575" align=center valign=top> <table width="535" border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="nom_societe"><?=$tmp['societe']?></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><hr size=1 color=#000000></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" align="right"><?=date_2fr($tmp["date_affichage"], 1)?></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right" class=bold><?=$traduction->aff_word("pays")?>&nbsp;:</td> <td align="left"><?=$tmp['pays0']?></td> </tr> <? if ($tmp['region']) { ?> <tr> <td align="right" class=bold><?=$traduction->aff_word("region")?>&nbsp;:</td> <td align="left"><?=$tmp['region']?></td> </tr> <? } if ($tmp['departement']) { ?> <tr> <td align="right" class=bold><?=$traduction->aff_word("departement")?>&nbsp;:</td> <td align="left"><?=$tmp['departement']?></td> </tr> <? } if ($tmp['ville']) { ?> <tr> <td align="right" class=bold><?=$traduction->aff_word("ville")?>&nbsp;:</td> <td align="left"><?=$tmp['ville']?></td> </tr> <? } if ($tmp['debut']) { ?> <tr> <td align="right" class=bold><?=$traduction->aff_word("debut_travail")?>&nbsp;:</td> <td align="left"><?=$tmp['debut']?></td> </tr> <? } ?> <tr> <td align="right" class=bold><?=$traduction->aff_word("type_contrat")?>&nbsp;:</td> <td align="left"><?=$tmp['contrat']?></td> </tr> <? if ($tmp['emploi']) { ?> <tr> <td align="right" class=bold><?=$traduction->aff_word("type_emploi")?>&nbsp;:</td> <td align="left"><?=$tmp['emploi']?></td> </tr> <? } if ($tmp['salaire']) { ?> <tr> <td align="right" class=bold><?=$traduction->aff_word("salaire")?>&nbsp;:</td> <td align="left"><?=$tmp['salaire']?></td> </tr> <? } if ($tmp['experience']) { ?> <tr> <td align="right" class=bold><?=$traduction->aff_word("experience_metier")?>&nbsp;:</td> <td align="left"><?=$tab_experience[$tmp['experience']]?></td> </tr> <? } if ($tmp['reference']) { ?> <tr> <td align="right" class=bold><?=$traduction->aff_word("reference")?>&nbsp;:</td> <td align="left"><?=$tmp['reference']?></td> </tr> <? } ?> <tr> <td>&nbsp;</td> <td><hr size=1 color=#000000 width=405></td> </tr> <? if ($tmp['presentation']) { ?> <tr> <td valign=top align="right" class=bold><?=$traduction->aff_word("presentation")?>&nbsp;:</td> <td style="text-align: justify;"><?=$tmp['presentation']?></td> </tr> <tr> <td>&nbsp;</td> <td><hr size=1 color=#000000 width=405></td> </tr> <? } ?> <tr> <td valign="top" class=bold align="right"><?=$traduction->aff_word("poste")?>&nbsp;:</td> <td valign="top" class=titre_poste align=center><?=$tmp['poste']?></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan=2>&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" class=bold align="right"><?=$traduction->aff_word("description")?>&nbsp;:</td> <td style="text-align: justify;"><?=$tmp['description']?></td> </tr> <tr> <td width=100%>&nbsp;</td> <td width=405><hr size=1 color=#000000 width=405></td> </tr> <? if ($tmp['profil']) { ?> <tr> <td valign="top" align="right" class=bold><?=$traduction->aff_word("profil")?>&nbsp;:</td> <td valign="top" style="text-align: justify;"><?=$tmp['profil']?></td> </tr> <tr> <td>&nbsp;</td> <td><hr size=1 color=#000000 width=405></td> </tr> <? } if ($tmp['recommandation']) { ?> <tr> <td valign="top" align="left"></td> <td valign="top" style="text-align: justify;"><?=$tmp['recommandation']?></td> </tr> <tr> <td>&nbsp;</td> <td><hr size=1 color=#000000 width=405></td> </tr> <? } if ($tmp['contact_nom'] || $tmp['contact_prenom']) { ?> <tr> <td valign="top" align="right" class=bold><?=$traduction->aff_word("contact")?>&nbsp;:</td> <td valign="top" align="left"><?=$tmp['contact_prenom']?>&nbsp;<?=$tmp['contact_nom']?></td> </tr> <tr> <td>&nbsp;</td> <td><hr size=1 color=#000000 width=405></td> </tr> <? } ?> <? } elseif ($tmp['domaine'] != 'de') { ?> <tr> <td colspan=2><table width="755" align=right valign=top><tr><td><?=$tmp['presentation']?></td></tr></table></td> </tr> <? } ?> <tr> <td rowspan=6>&nbsp;</td> <td><a href="<?=$tmp['url_reponse']?>" target="_blank">&gt;&gt;&nbsp;<?=$traduction->aff_word("repondre_en_ligne")?></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="../jobs/affiche_imprime_annonce.php?id=<?=$tmp['id']?>" onClick="popUp(this.href, 'scroll', 540, 400);return false;" target="_blank">&gt;&gt;&nbsp;<?=$traduction->aff_word("version_imprimer")?></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="../jobs/send_friend_annonce.php?id=<?=$tmp['id']?>" onClick="popUp(this.href, 'clean', 400, 300);return false;" target="_blank">&gt;&gt;&nbsp;<?=$traduction->aff_word("envoi_ami")?></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="./affiche_liste.php?soc=<?=$tmp['societe_clean']?>">&gt;&gt;&nbsp;<?=$traduction->aff_word("toutes_offres")?> <?=$tmp['societe']?></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="../jobs/index.php">&gt;&gt;&nbsp;<?=$traduction->aff_word("nouvelle_recherche")?></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="../jobs/index.php" onClick="javascript:retour(); return false;">&lt;&lt;&nbsp;<?=$traduction->aff_word("retour")?></a></td> </tr> <? if ($tmp['id_reponse'] != "2") { ?> </table> </td> <td width="200" align=center class=black_bord valign=top> <table width="190" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 border=0> <tr> <td colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" class=bold><? if ($tmp['id_reponse'] != "5") { ?><br><? } ?><?=$logo?><br><br><?=$tmp['societe']?></td> </tr> <? if ($tmp['adresse']) { ?> <tr> <td align="center" colspan=2><?=$tmp['adresse']?></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan=2>&nbsp;</td> </tr> <? } if ($tmp['contact_tel']) { ?> <tr> <td class=bold align=right><?=$traduction->aff_word("tel")?> :</td> <td align=center><?=$tmp['contact_tel']?></td> </tr> <? } if ($tmp['contact_fax']) { ?> <tr> <td class=bold align=right><?=$traduction->aff_word("fax")?> :</td> <td align=center><?=$tmp['contact_fax']?></td> </tr> <? } if ($tmp['url']) { ?> <tr> <td colspan=2 align=center><a href="http://<?=$tmp['url']?>" target="_blank"><?=$tmp['url']?></a></td> </tr> <? } ?> </table> </td> </tr> <? } ?> </table> <? echo '</div>'; // Fin du div ou sera placé l'annonce echo "</TD><TD align=center class=tdNext><b>".date_2fr($tmp['date_creation'], 1)."</b><br>".date_2fr($tmp['date_affichage'], 1); echo "</TD><TD align=center class=tdNext>".$tmp[societe]."<br>(<i><a href=".$value->host."login/login.php?login=".$infoSoc->email."&pass=".$infoSoc->password." target=_blank>".$infoSoc->nom."</a></i>)<br><a href=index.php?op=entreprise&ac=tableau_bord&id_societe=".$tmp['id_societe'].">compte</a></TD>"; $color = ''; switch($tmp[push_mail]) { case "0": $color = " bgcolor=#DBB7FF"; break; case "2": $color = " bgcolor=#CCCCCC"; break; default : ; } $type_rep = ""; switch ($tmp[id_reponse]) { case 1: $type_rep = "Standard"; break; case 2: $type_rep = "Chartée"; break; case 3: $type_rep = "Metamoteur"; break; case 4: $type_rep = "Reponse sur site"; break; case 5: $type_rep = "Semi-chartée"; break; } print " <td align=center class=tdNext> <table width=100% border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0> <tr> <td align=center class=cadreBas>".$tmp['contrat']." - ".$tmp['emploi']."</td> <td $color align=center rowspan=4 width=40%> <a onclick=\"javascript:colorannonce(this, '#CFFFCF');\" href=?op=agentalertes&action=modify_push&amp;id_annonce=".$tmp[id]." target=_blank>Modifier push</a><br><br> <a onclick=\"sendPush(this, ".$tmp['id']."); return false;\" href=\"#\">Envoyer Push</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align=center class=cadreBas>".(strlen($tmp['metier']) > 0 ? $tmp['metier'] : '<font class=gris_i>'.$tmp['categorie'].'</font>')."</td> </tr> <tr> <td align=center class=cadreBas>".$tmp[secteur]."</td> </tr> <tr> <td align=center>".($number < 500 ? '<font color="red">' : ($number > 1500 ? '<font color="orange">' : '<font color="green">')).$number."</font></td> </tr> </table> </td> <td align=center class=tdNext> <table width=100% border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0> <tr> <td align=center class=cadreBas>"; if (strlen($tabPushModif['regions']) > 0) { $tab = explode('/', $tabPushModif['regions']); foreach($tab AS $elem) { if (strlen($elem) <= 0) continue; if (strpos($elem, 'dep-') !== false) { echo $tab_departement[substr($elem, 4)]; $query_tmp = 'SELECT region FROM ref_departement WHERE id = "'.substr($elem, 4).'"'; $obj = $db->getObj($query_tmp); if ($obj) { echo ' - '.$tab_region[$obj->region]; $query_tmp = 'SELECT rp.code_pays FROM ref_pays rp INNER JOIN ref_region rr ON rr.pays = rp.id WHERE rr.id = "'.$obj->region.'"'; $obj = $db->getObj($query_tmp); if ($obj) echo ' ('.$obj->code_pays.')'; } } elseif (is_numeric($elem) === false) { echo '<font class=gris_i>'.$tmp['departement'].' - '.$tmp['region'].'</font> ('.$elem.')'; } else { echo '<font class=gris_i>'.$tmp['departement'].'</font> - '.$tab_region[$elem]; $query_tmp = 'SELECT rp.code_pays FROM ref_pays rp INNER JOIN ref_region rr ON rr.pays = rp.id WHERE rr.id = "'.$obj->region.'"'; $obj = $db->getObj($query_tmp); if ($obj) echo ' ('.$obj->code_pays.')'; } } } else echo $tmp['departement']." - ".$tmp['region']." (".$tmp['code_pays'].")"; echo "</td> </tr> <tr> <td align=center class=cadreBas>".$tmp[ville]."</td> </tr> <tr> <td align=center class=cadreBas>"; if (strlen($tabPushModif['metier']) > 0) { $tmpExp = array(); $tab = explode('/', $tabPushModif['metier']); foreach($tab AS $elem) { if (strlen($elem) <= 0) continue; $tmpMetier = explode('-', $elem); if (isset($tmpMetier[1])) { if (in_array($tmpMetier[1], $tmpExp) === true) continue; $tmpExp[] = $tmpMetier[1]; if ($tmpMetier[1] == $tmp['experience']) echo '<b>'.$tab_experience[$tmpMetier[1]].'</b>/'; else echo $tab_experience[$tmpMetier[1]].'/'; } } if (count($tmpExp) <= 0) echo '<font class=gris_i>'.$tab_experience[$tmp['experience']].'</font>'; } else echo $tab_experience[$tmp['experience']]; echo "</td> </tr> <tr> <td align=center>".$tabLangues[$tmp['id_langue']]->langue." - ".$tabLanguesNiveau[$tmp['id_langue_niveau']]->langue_niveau."</td> </tr> </table> </td> <td align=center class=tdNext> <table width=100% cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 border=0> <tr> <td align=center class=cadreBas>$type_rep</td> </tr> <tr> <td align=center>".$tmp[compteur_vu]."&nbsp;/&nbsp;<a href=?op=gcand&ac=liste&id_annonce=".$tmp[id]."&statut=all target=_new>".$tmp[compteur_repondu]."</a></td> </tr> </table> </td> <td align=center class=tdNext> <table width=100% cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 border=0> <tr> <td align=center class=cadreBas><a href=?op=annonces&ac=modifier&id_annonce=".$tmp['id']." target=_new>Modifier</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td align=center class=cadreBas><a href='' onClick=\"valid_delete('".$tmp['id']."'); return false;\">Supprimer</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td align=center><a href='' onClick='changeAff(".$tmp['id']."); return false;' id='changeAff_".$tmp['id']."'>".($tmp['affiche'] == 1 ? 'Mettre hors ligne' : 'Mettre en ligne')."</a></td> </tr> </table> </td> <td align=center class='tdNext gris'> <p style=\"color:#444;\"> &nbsp;".nl2br($tmp['push_res']).'</p>'; if (is_array($tabHisto[$tmp['id']])) { echo '<p style="color:#888; padding-top:5px;">'; foreach($tabHisto[$tmp['id']] as $histo) { echo $histo['type_modif'].' '.HumanDateTime($histo['date']).' par '.$histo['user']; if ($histo['new_annonce']) { echo ' [New ID : <a href="index.php?op=annonces&search4='.$histo['new_annonce'].'">'.$histo['new_annonce'].'</a>]'; } echo '<br />'; } echo '</p>'; } echo " </td> <td align=center>&nbsp;".$tmp['source']; if (!empty($tmp['source_ref'])) { echo '<br /><a href="redirect.php?site='.$tmp['source_ref'].'" target="_blank">Voir original</a>'; } echo '</td></tr>'; if (isset($doublon) && !$isDoublon) { $query2 = " SELECT a.*, rp.pays0, rp.code_pays FROM annonces a INNER JOIN ref_pays rp ON rp.id = a.pays WHERE a.id_societe = '".$tmp['id_societe']."' AND a.contrat = '".$tmp['id_contrat']."' AND a.domaine = '".$tmp['domaine']."' AND a.id != '".$tmp['id']."' AND ADDDATE(a.date_creation, INTERVAL 2 MONTH) > '".$tmp['date_creation']."' AND a.poste = \"".addslashes($tmp['poste'])."\" AND a.ville = \"".addslashes($tmp['ville'])."\" AND a.societe = \"".addslashes($tmp['societe'])."\" AND (a.id_societe != 1 OR (a.id_societe = 1 AND a.contact_email = \"".$tab_annonce['contact_email']."\")) ORDER BY a.id DESC"; $tabAnnonces2 = $db->getTab($query2); if (count($tabAnnonces2) > 0) { $tabId = array(); foreach($tabAnnonces2 as $annonc) { $tabId[] = $annonc['id']; } $tmpListAnnonceTab = annoncelist::getHistorique($tabId); $tmpTabHisto = createTabHisto($tmpListAnnonceTab); $tabHisto += $tmpTabHisto; //Additionne les 2 tableaux, contrairement à array_merge il garde les clés !! affAnnonce($tabAnnonces2, 1); foreach($tabAnnonces2 AS $tmpAnn) $tabNoAffAnnonce[] = $tmpAnn['id']; } } } } ?> Only this script is slow, all the others on the same server/domain/directory work great. On an other server, the same script works fine. The script takes up to 90% of CPU when running. Any ideas?

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  • Le Logiciel Libre – Omniprésent dans le secteur public

    - by gravax
    NOTE : Cet article a servi de base à du contenu publié en Juin 2011 dans le magazine Acteurs Publics. Créé il y a plusieurs décennies déjà, pour répondre à un besoin de partage de savoir, et de compétences, le Logiciel Libre existe sous plusieurs appellations, à l'origine anglo-saxonnes, dont « Free Software » et « Open Source » sont les plus utilisées. En Anglais, le mot « Free » pouvant signifier à la fois libre et gratuit, cela a créé une certaine confusion qui n'existe pas en Français avec le mot « libre ». Du coup, on voit souvent l’acronyme FOSS ou FLOSS, pour « Free, Libre, Open Source Software » afin d'éliminer l’ambiguïté. De nos jours, dans le secteur public, le logiciel libre est, depuis, devenu omniprésent. Il répond à plusieurs besoins critiques dont le contrôle des coûts, le choix (de partenaire, de logiciel, de fonctionnalités), la liberté de pouvoir modifier les applications pour les adapter à ses propres besoins, la sécurité provenant du fait que de nombreux développeurs et utilisateurs ont pu contrôler la qualité du code. Un autre aspect très présent dans les logiciels libres et l'adhérence quasi-systématique aux standards de l'industrie, qui garantit une intégration simple et facile au système d'information existant. Il y a cependant des éléments à prendre en compte lors des choix de logiciels libres stratégiques. Si l'aspect coûts est clairement un élément de choix qui peut conduire aux logiciels libres, il est principalement dû au fait qu'un logiciel libre existe souvent en version gratuite, librement téléchargeable. Mais ceci n'est que le le sommet de l'iceberg. Lors de la mise en production de logiciels il va falloir s'entourer de services dont l'intégration, où les possibilités de choix d'un partenaire seront d'autant plus grandes que le logiciel choisi est populaire et connu, ce qui conduira à des coups tirés vers le bas grâce à une concurrence saine. Mais il faudra aussi prévoir le support technique. La encore, la popularité du logiciel choisi augmentera la palette de prestataires de support possible. Le choix devra se faire suivant des critères très solides, et en particulier la capacité à s'engager sur des niveaux de service, la disponibilité 24 heures sur 24, 7 jours sur 7 (le pays ne s’arrête pas de fonctionner le week-end ou la nuit), et, éventuellement, la couverture géographique correspondant aux métiers que l'on exerce (un pays comme la France couvrant avec ses DOM et ses TOM une grande partie des fuseaux horaires et zones géographiques de la planète). La plus part des services publics, que ce soit éducation, santé, ou gouvernement, utilisent déjà des logiciels libres. On les retrouve coté infrastructure, avec des produits comme la base de données MySQL, fortement appréciée dans le monde de l'éducation pour construire des plate-formes d'e-éducation en conjonction avec d'autres produits libres tels Moodle, ou GlassFish, le serveur d'applications très prisé des développeurs pour son adhérence au standard Java EE version 6 et sa simplicité de mise-en-œuvre. Linux est extrêmement présent comme système d'exploitation libre dans le datacenter, mais aussi sur le poste de travail. On retrouve des outils de virtualisation tels Oracle VM, issu de Xen, dans le datacenter, et VirtualBox sur le poste du développeur. Avec une telle palette de solutions et d'outils dans le monde du Logiciel libre, Oracle se apporte au secteur public des réponses ciblées, efficaces, aux besoins du marché, y compris en matière de support technique et qualité de service associée.

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  • How can I fix my keyboard layout?

    - by Scott Severance
    For a long time, I've had my keyboard configured to use the layout currently known as "English (international AltGr dead keys)." I like this layout because without any modifier keys, it's identical to the US English keyboard, but when I hold Right Alt I can get accented letters and other characters not available on a standard US English keyboard. In Oneiric, however, the layout is messed up. Right Alt+N produces "ñ" as expected. And another method works: Right Alt+`, E produces "è", also as expected. But there's no way to type "é", which is probably the accented letter I type the most. I expect Right Alt+A, E to do the trick. But instead of a dead key for the acute accent, it uses a method for combining characters to create the hybrid "´e". This hybrid looks like the proper "é" in some settings, but it isn't the same character and doesn't always work. (For example, in the text input box as I type this, it looks the same as the proper character, but when displayed on the site for all so see, it looks very wrong--at least on my machine.) Ditto for all other characters with an acute accent, though some are available directly as pre-composed characters: For example, Right Alt+I yields "í". How can I change the acute accent on the A key to a proper dead key? Perhaps the more general version of this is: How can I tweak my keyboard layout? Update I just tested this on my other machine, also running Oneiric, but upgraded from previous versions. I have no problems with the second machine. The problem machine was a fresh install of Oneiric, but I kept my old $HOME when I did the fresh install. Clarification Even if an answer doesn't address my specific examples, I would still accept it if it provided enough detail for me to find the layout and tweak it according to my needs. Major Update After working through the information gained through Jim C's and Chascon's helpful replies, I've learned something new: The problem isn't with the layout itself, but with the fact that the selected layout isn't being applied. When I look at the definition in /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/us of the layout I've been running for a long time, I found that the definition doesn't match what I get when I type. In addition, the keyboard layout dialog that's supposed to show the current layout looks different from the way the layout is defined in the file I mentioned, and matches what actually happens when I type. Following Jim C's suggestion, I created a new layout in /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/us containing some modifications to the layout I want. I can select my layout from the keyboard properties, and I can use in on the console following Chascon's post, but the layout I get when typing is unchanged. Apparently, there's a different layout defined somewhere that's overriding what I've set. Where is that layout hiding? This problem occurs in Unity (3D and 2D), but I was able to get the correct layout set in Xfce. In case it's relevant, this problem has occurred since I installed Oneiric fresh on this machine (though I preserved my $HOME). I don't recall whether this problem occurred before the reinstall. Also, in case it's relevant, I also run iBus so I can type Korean. I have a few difficulties with iBus, but I doubt they're related.

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  • Unable to validate data. at System.Web.Configuration.MachineKeySection.GetDecodedData

    - by Ben Williams
    I have several websites which get approximately 3000 pageviews in total per day, and I get this viewstate error roughly 5-10 times per day, caught in global.asax: System.Web.HttpException: Unable to validate data. at System.Web.Configuration.MachineKeySection.GetDecodedData(Byte[] buf, Byte[] modifier, Int32 start, Int32 length, Int32& dataLength) at System.Web.UI.ObjectStateFormatter.Deserialize(String inputString) I have tried: hard-coding the machine key in web.config for all websites hard-coding the machien key in machine.config adding items to the pages section of the web.config for all websites. Machine key looks like: <machineKey validationKey="key goes here" decryptionKey="key goes here" validation="SHA1" decryption="AES" /> Pages section looks like: <pages renderAllHiddenFieldsAtTopOfForm="true" validateRequest="false" enableEventValidation="false" viewStateEncryptionMode="Never"> The errors are not related to application pool recycling as best I can tell, as the pool is set to recycle at every 100,000 requests. I am not running a web farm or web garden. Quite often I get two or three of these errors in a row, as if a user is getting an error, going back, and then clicking the link again. Anyone have any ideas?

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  • I have having following warning in gcc compilation in 32 bit architecture but not having any such wa

    - by thetna
    symbol.c: In function 'symbol_FPrint': symbol.c:1209: warning: format '%ld' expects type 'long int', but argument 3 has type 'SYMBOL' symbol.c: In function 'symbol_FPrintOtter': symbol.c:1236: warning: format '%ld' expects type 'long int', but argument 3 has type 'SYMBOL' symbol.c:1239: warning: format '%ld' expects type 'long int', but argument 3 has type 'SYMBOL' symbol.c:1243: warning: format '%ld' expects type 'long int', but argument 3 has type 'SYMBOL' symbol.c:1266: warning: format '%ld' expects type 'long int', but argument 3 has type 'SYMBOL' In symbol.c 1198 #ifdef CHECK 1199 else { 1200 misc_StartErrorReport(); 1201 misc_ErrorReport("\n In symbol_FPrint: Cannot print symbol.\n"); 1202 misc_FinishErrorReport(); 1203 } 1204 #endif 1205 } 1206 else if (symbol_SignatureExists()) 1207 fputs(symbol_Name(Symbol), File); 1208 else 1209 fprintf(File, "%ld", Symbol); 1210 } And SYMBOL is defined as: typedef size_t SYMBOL When i replaced '%ld' with '%zu' , i got the following warning: symbol.c: In function 'symbol_FPrint': symbol.c:1209: warning: ISO C90 does not support the 'z' printf length modifier Note: From here it has been edited on 26th of march 2010 and and following problem has beeen added because of its similarity to the above mentioned problem. I have following statement: printf("\n\t %4d:%4d:%4d:%4d:%4d:%s:%d", Index, S->info, S->weight, Precedence[Index],S->props,S->name, S->length); The warning I get while compiling in 64 bit architecture is : format ‘%4d’ expects type ‘int’, but argument 5 has type ‘size_t’ here are the definitions of parameter: NAT props; typedef unsigned int NAT; How can i get rid of this so that i can compile without warning in 32 and 64 bit architecture? What can be its solution?

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  • Why does Java's invokevirtual need to resolve the called method's compile-time class?

    - by Chris
    Consider this simple Java class: class MyClass { public void bar(MyClass c) { c.foo(); } } I want to discuss what happens on the line c.foo(). At the bytecode level, the meat of c.foo() will be the invokevirtual opcode, and, according to the documentation for invokevirtual, more or less the following will happen: Look up the foo method defined in compile-time class MyClass. (This involves first resolving MyClass.) Do some checks, including: Verify that c is not an initialization method, and verify that calling MyClass.foo wouldn't violate any protected modifiers. Figure out which method to actually call. In particular, look up c's runtime type. If that type has foo(), call that method and return. If not, look up c's runtime type's superclass; if that type has foo, call that method and return. If not, look up c's runtime type's superclass's superclass; if that type has foo, call that method and return. Etc.. If no suitable method can be found, then error. Step #3 alone seems adequate for figuring out which method to call and verifying that said method has the correct argument/return types. So my question is why step #1 gets performed in the first place. Possible answers seem to be: You don't have enough information to perform step #3 until step #1 is complete. (This seems implausible at first glance, so please explain.) The linking or access modifier checks done in #1 and #2 are essential to prevent certain bad things from happening, and those checks must be performed based on the compile-time type, rather than the run-time type hierarchy. (Please explain.)

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  • Is it practical to program with your feet?

    - by bmm
    Has anyone tried using foot pedals in addition to the traditional keyboard and mouse combo to improve your effectiveness in the editor? Any actual experiences out there? Does it work, or is it just for carpal tunnel relief? I found one blog entry from a programmer who actually tried it: So now I can type using my feet for most of the modifier keys. I am using the pedals as I type this. I am still getting used to them, but the burning in my left wrist has definitely reduced. I think I can also type a little faster, but I am too lazy to do the speed tests with and without the pedals to verify this. On the negative side: Working out where to put your feet when you aren’t typing can be a little awkward. The pedals tend to move around the carpet, despite being metal and quite heavy. Some small spikes might have helped. Although the travel on the pedals is small, they are surprisingly stiff. Another programmer's experience: Anybody with hand pain must get foot pedals, since they can remove a tremendous load from your hands. I have two foot pedals, and use one for the SHIFT key, and the other for the CONTROL key. (I still type META by hand.) I have found that in the process of using the Emacs text editor to compose computer programs, I tend to use the SHIFT, CONTROL and META keys constantly, and it is easy to remove most of this load from one's hands. Some foot switch products: Savant Elite Triple Foot Switch FragPedal Bilbo Step On It!

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  • Partial template specialization on a class

    - by Jonathan Swinney
    I'm looking for a better way to this. I have a chunk of code that needs to handle several different objects that contain different types. The structure that I have looks like this: class Base { // some generic methods } template <typename T> class TypedBase : public Base { // common code with template specialization private: std::map<int,T> mapContainingSomeDataOfTypeT; } template <> class TypedBase<std::string> : public Base { // common code with template specialization public: void set( std::string ); // functions not needed for other types std::string get(); private: std::map<int,std::string> mapContainingSomeDataOfTypeT; // some data not needed for other types } Now I need to add some additional functionality that only applies to one of the derivative classes. Specifically the std::string derivation, but the type doesn't actually matter. The class is big enough that I would prefer not copy the whole thing simply to specialize a small part of it. I need to add a couple of functions (and accessor and modifier) and modify the body of several of the other functions. Is there a better way to accomplish this?

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  • java time check API

    - by ring bearer
    I am sure this was done 1000 times in 1000 different places. The question is I want to know if there is a better/standard/faster way to check if current "time" is between two time values given in hh:mm:ss format. For example, my big business logic should not run between 18:00:00 and 18:30:00. So here is what I had in mind: public static boolean isCurrentTimeBetween(String starthhmmss, String endhhmmss) throws ParseException{ DateFormat hhmmssFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddhh:mm:ss"); Date now = new Date(); String yyyMMdd = hhmmssFormat.format(now).substring(0, 8); return(hhmmssFormat.parse(yyyMMdd+starthhmmss).before(now) && hhmmssFormat.parse(yyyMMdd+endhhmmss).after(now)); } Example test case: String doNotRunBetween="18:00:00,18:30:00";//read from props file String[] hhmmss = downTime.split(","); if(isCurrentTimeBetween(hhmmss[0], hhmmss[1])){ System.out.println("NOT OK TO RUN"); }else{ System.out.println("OK TO RUN"); } What I am looking for is code that is better in performance in looks in correctness What I am not looking for third-party libraries Exception handling debate variable naming conventions method modifier issues

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  • How can I substitute the nth occurrence of a match in a Perl regex?

    - by Zaid
    Following up from an earlier question on extracting the n'th regex match, I now need to substitute the match, if found. I thought that I could define the extraction subroutine and call it in the substitution with the /e modifier. I was obviously wrong (admittedly, I had an XY problem). use strict; use warnings; sub extract_quoted { # à la codaddict my ($string, $index) = @_; while($string =~ /'(.*?)'/g) { $index--; return $1 if(! $index); } return; } my $string = "'How can I','use' 'PERL','to process this' 'line'"; extract_quoted ( $string, 3 ); $string =~ s/&extract_quoted($string,2)/'Perl'/e; print $string; # Prints 'How can I','use' 'PERL','to process this' 'line' There are, of course, many other issues with this technique: What if there are identical matches at different positions? What if the match isn't found? In light of this situation, I'm wondering in what ways this could be implemented.

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  • preg_match_all and newlines inside quotes

    - by David
    Another noob regex problem/question. I'm probably doing something silly so I thought I'd exploit the general ingenuity of the SO regulars ;) Trying to match newlines but only if they occur within either double quotes or single quotes. I also want to catch strings that are between quotes but contain no newlines. Okay so there's what i got, with output. Below that, will be the output I would like to get. Any help would be greatly appreciated! :) I use Regex Coach to help me create my patterns, being a novice and all. According to RC, The pattern I supply does match all occurances within the data, but in my PHP, it skips over the multi-line part. I have tried with the 'm' pattern modifier already, to no avail. Contents of $CompressedData: <?php $Var = "test"; $Var2 = "test2"; $Var3 = "blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah"; $Var4 = "hello"; ?> Pattern / Code: preg_match_all('!(\'|")(\b.*\b\n*)*(\'|")!', $CompressedData, $Matches); Current print_r output of $Matches: Array ( [0] => Array ( [0] => "test" [1] => "test2" [2] => "hello" ) ... } DESIRED print_r output of $Matches: Array ( [0] => Array ( [0] => "test" [1] => "test2" [2] => "blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah" [3] => "hello" ) ... }

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  • Linq duplicate removal with a twist

    - by Danthar
    I got a list that contains al the status items of each order. The problem that i have is that i need to remove all the items of which the status - logdate combination is not the highest. e.g var inputs = new List<StatusItem>(); //note that the 3th id is simply a modifier that adds that amount of secs //to the current datetime, to make testing easier inputs.Add(new StatusItem(123, 30, 1)); inputs.Add(new StatusItem(123, 40, 2)); inputs.Add(new StatusItem(123, 50, 3)); inputs.Add(new StatusItem(123, 40, 4)); inputs.Add(new StatusItem(123, 50, 5)); inputs.Add(new StatusItem(100, 20, 6)); inputs.Add(new StatusItem(100, 30, 7)); inputs.Add(new StatusItem(100, 20, 8)); inputs.Add(new StatusItem(100, 30, 9)); inputs.Add(new StatusItem(100, 40, 10)); inputs.Add(new StatusItem(100, 50, 11)); inputs.Add(new StatusItem(100, 40, 12)); var l = from i in inputs group i by i.internalId into cg select from s in cg group s by s.statusId into sg select sg.OrderByDescending(n => n.date).First() ; This creates a list that returnes me the following: order 123 status 30 date 4/9/2010 6:44:21 PM order 123 status 40 date 4/9/2010 6:44:24 PM order 123 status 50 date 4/9/2010 6:44:25 PM order 100 status 20 date 4/9/2010 6:44:28 PM order 100 status 30 date 4/9/2010 6:44:29 PM order 100 status 40 date 4/9/2010 6:44:32 PM order 100 status 50 date 4/9/2010 6:44:31 PM This is ALMOST correct. However that last line which has status 50 needs to be filtered out as well because it was overruled by status 40 in the historylist. U can tell by the fact that its date is lower then the "last" status-item with the status 40. I was hoping someone could give me some pointers because im stuck.

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  • In .NET, Why Can I Access Private Members of a Class Instance within the Class?

    - by AMissico
    While cleaning some code today written by someone else, I changed the access modifier from Public to Private on a class variable/member/field. I expected a long list of compiler errors that I use to "refactor/rework/review" the code that used this variable. Imagine my surprise when I didn't get any errors. After reviewing, it turns out that another instance of the Class can access the private members of another instance declared within the Class. Totally unexcepted. Is this normal? I been coding in .NET since the beginning and never ran into this issue, nor read about it. I may have stumbled onto it before, but only "vaguely noticed" and move on. Can anyone explain this behavoir to me? I would like to know the "why" I can do this. Please explain, don't just tell me the rule. Am I doing something wrong? I found this behavior in both C# and VB.NET. The code seems to take advantage of the ability to access private variables. Sincerely, Totally Confused Class Jack Private _int As Integer End Class Class Foo Public Property Value() As Integer Get Return _int End Get Set(ByVal value As Integer) _int = value * 2 End Set End Property Private _int As Integer Private _foo As Foo Private _jack As Jack Private _fred As Fred Public Sub SetPrivate() _foo = New Foo _foo.Value = 4 'what you would expect to do because _int is private _foo._int = 3 'TOTALLY UNEXPECTED _jack = New Jack '_jack._int = 3 'expected compile error _fred = New Fred '_fred._int = 3 'expected compile error End Sub Private Class Fred Private _int As Integer End Class End Class

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  • Can't block capslock with CGEventTap

    - by Thor Frølich
    I'm using Quartz CGEventTap in an attempt to globally intercept capslock presses and block them (to have them do something useful instead). I succesfully detect capslock presses but have so far been unable to block them. My code (originating from this stackoverflow answer) is something like this: eventTap = CGEventTapCreate(kCGHIDEventTap, kCGTailAppendEventTap, kCGEventTapOptionDefault, eventMask, myCGEventCallback, &oldFlags); runLoopSource = CFMachPortCreateRunLoopSource(kCFAllocatorDefault, eventTap, 0); CFRunLoopAddSource(CFRunLoopGetCurrent(), runLoopSource, kCFRunLoopCommonModes); CGEventTapEnable(eventTap, true); CGEventRef myCGEventCallback(CGEventTapProxy proxy, CGEventType type, CGEventRef theEvent, void *refcon) { CGEventFlags *oldFlags = (CGEventFlags *)refcon; switch (type) { case kCGEventFlagsChanged: { CGEventFlags newFlags = CGEventGetFlags(theEvent); CGEventFlags changedFlags = *oldFlags ^ newFlags; *oldFlags = newFlags; if (changedFlags == 65536) { NSLog(@"Capslock pressed. Let's not return the event"); return NULL; } break; } default: break; } NSLog(@"Different modifier than capslock. Returning the event"); return theEvent; } If I understand correctly returning NULL should effectively block the keypress from propagating. Indeed it also does for "normal" keyup and -down events. However capslock toggles regardless. Any ideas why that is? Am I making incorrect assumptions? And/or how can I do things differently to achieve my goal? Thanks, Thor

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  • Why do pure virtual base classes get direct access to static data members while derived instances do

    - by Shamster
    I've created a simple pair of classes. One is pure virtual with a static data member, and the other is derived from the base, as follows: #include <iostream> template <class T> class Base { public: Base (const T _member) { member = _member; } static T member; virtual void Print () const = 0; }; template <class T> T Base<T>::member; template <class T> void Base<T>::Print () const { std::cout << "Base: " << member << std::endl; } template <class T> class Derived : public Base<T> { public: Derived (const T _member) : Base<T>(_member) { } virtual void Print () const { std::cout << "Derived: " << this->member << std::endl; } }; I've found from this relationship that when I need access to the static data member in the base class, I can call it with direct access as if it were a regular, non-static class member. i.e. - the Base::Print() method does not require a this- modifier. However, the derived class does require the this-member indirect access syntax. I don't understand why this is. Both class methods are accessing the same static data, so why does the derived class need further specification? A simple call to test it is: int main () { Derived<double> dd (7.0); dd.Print(); return 0; } which prints the expected "Derived: 7"

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  • Is this a hole in dynamic binding in C# 4?

    - by Galilyou
    I've seen a very interesting post on Fabio Maulo's blog. Here's the code and the bug if you don't want to jump to the url. I defined a new generic class like so: public class TableStorageInitializer<TTableEntity> where TTableEntity : class, new() { public void Initialize() { InitializeInstance(new TTableEntity()); } public void InitializeInstance(dynamic entity) { entity.PartitionKey = Guid.NewGuid().ToString(); entity.RowKey = Guid.NewGuid().ToString(); } } Note that InitializeInstance accepts one parameter, which is of type dynamic. Now to test this class, I defined another class that is nested inside my main Program class like so: class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { TableStorageInitializer<MyClass> x = new TableStorageInitializer<MyClass>(); x.Initialize(); } private class MyClass { public string PartitionKey { get; set; } public string RowKey { get; set; } public DateTime Timestamp { get; set; } } } Note: the inner class "MyClass" is declared private. Now if i run this code I get a "Microsoft.CSharp.RuntimeBinder.RuntimeBinderException" on the line "entity.PartitionKey = Guide.NewGuid().ToString()". The interesting part, though is that the message of the exception says "Object doesn't contain a definition for PartitionKey". Also note that if you changed the modifier of the nested class to public, the code will execute with no problems. So what do you guys think is really happening under the hood? Please refer to any documentation -of course if this is documented anywhere- that you may find?

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  • Why does Microsoft advise against readonly fields with mutable values?

    - by Weeble
    In the Design Guidelines for Developing Class Libraries, Microsoft say: Do not assign instances of mutable types to read-only fields. The objects created using a mutable type can be modified after they are created. For example, arrays and most collections are mutable types while Int32, Uri, and String are immutable types. For fields that hold a mutable reference type, the read-only modifier prevents the field value from being overwritten but does not protect the mutable type from modification. This simply restates the behaviour of readonly without explaining why it's bad to use readonly. The implication appears to be that many people do not understand what "readonly" does and will wrongly expect readonly fields to be deeply immutable. In effect it advises using "readonly" as code documentation indicating deep immutability - despite the fact that the compiler has no way to enforce this - and disallows its use for its normal function: to ensure that the value of the field doesn't change after the object has been constructed. I feel uneasy with this recommendation to use "readonly" to indicate something other than its normal meaning understood by the compiler. I feel that it encourages people to misunderstand the meaning of "readonly", and furthermore to expect it to mean something that the author of the code might not intend. I feel that it precludes using it in places it could be useful - e.g. to show that some relationship between two mutable objects remains unchanged for the lifetime of one of those objects. The notion of assuming that readers do not understand the meaning of "readonly" also appears to be in contradiction to other advice from Microsoft, such as FxCop's "Do not initialize unnecessarily" rule, which assumes readers of your code to be experts in the language and should know that (for example) bool fields are automatically initialised to false, and stops you from providing the redundancy that shows "yes, this has been consciously set to false; I didn't just forget to initialize it". So, first and foremost, why do Microsoft advise against use of readonly for references to mutable types? I'd also be interested to know: Do you follow this Design Guideline in all your code? What do you expect when you see "readonly" in a piece of code you didn't write?

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  • Why Does Private Access Remain Non-Private in .NET Within a Class?

    - by AMissico
    While cleaning some code today written by someone else, I changed the access modifier from Public to Private on a class variable/member/field. I expected a long list of compiler errors that I use to "refactor/rework/review" the code that used this variable. Imagine my surprise when I didn't get any errors. After reviewing, it turns out that another instance of the Class can access the private members of another instance declared within the Class. Totally unexcepted. Is this normal? I been coding in .NET since the beginning and never ran into this issue, nor read about it. I may have stumbled onto it before, but only "vaguely noticed" and move on. Can anyone explain this behavoir to me? Am I doing something wrong? I found this behavior in both C# and VB.NET. The code seems to take advantage of the ability to access private variables. Sincerely, Totally Confused Class Foo Private _int As Integer Private _foo As Foo Private _jack As Jack Private _fred As Fred Public Sub SetPrivate() _foo = New Foo _foo._int = 3 'TOTALLY UNEXPECTED _jack = New Jack '_jack._int = 3 'expected compile error because Foo doesn't know Jack _fred = New Fred '_fred._int = 3 'expected compile error because Fred hides from Foo End Sub Private Class Fred Private _int As Integer End Class End Class Class Jack Private _int As Integer End Class

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  • Access modifiers - Property on business objects - getting and setting

    - by Mike
    Hi, I am using LINQ to SQL for the DataAccess layer. I have similar business objects to what is in the data access layer. I have got the dataprovider getting the message #23. On instantiation of the message, in the message constructor, it gets the MessageType and makes a new instance of MessageType class and fills in the MessageType information from the database. Therefore; I want this to get the Name of the MessageType of the Message. user.Messages[23].MessageType.Name I also want an administrator to set the MessageType user.Messages[23].MessageType = MessageTypes.LoadType(3); but I don't want the user to publicly set the MessageType.Name. But when I make a new MessageType instance, the access modifier for the Name property is public because I want to set that from an external class (my data access layer). I could change this to property to internal, so that my class can access it like a public variable, and not allow my other application access to modify it. This still doesn't feel right as it seems like a public property. Are public access modifiers in this situation bad? Any tips or suggestions would be appreciated. Thanks.

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  • Property on business objects - getting and setting

    - by Mike
    Hi, I am using LINQ to SQL for the DataAccess layer. I have similar business objects to what is in the data access layer. I have got the dataprovider getting the message #23. On instantiation of the message, in the message constructor, it gets the MessageType and makes a new instance of MessageType class and fills in the MessageType information from the database. Therefore; I want this to get the Name of the MessageType of the Message. user.Messages[23].MessageType.Name I also want an administrator to set the MessageType user.Messages[23].MessageType = MessageTypes.LoadType(3); but I don't want the user to publicly set the MessageType.Name. But when I make a new MessageType instance, the access modifier for the Name property is public because I want to set that from an external class (my data access layer). I could change this to property to internal, so that my class can access it like a public variable, and not allow my other application access to modify it. This still doesn't feel right as it seems like a public property. Are public access modifiers in this situation bad? Any tips or suggestions would be appreciated. Thanks.

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  • Google Maps API and "rightclick" events on Macs

    - by samc
    Using the Google Maps API (v3), I can create a map and handle normal click events just fine, but when I want to handle rightclick events, it doesn't work on Macs. I assume this is because a rightclick on a Mac is actually converted to a ctrl-click, but the Google Maps API MouseEvent doesn't provide information about modifier keys, so I can't check for the ctrl key. I tried adding an "capture" event listener to the document that converts the click event to a rightclick event. function convertClick(e) { if (e.ctrlKey) { e.button = 2; } } document.addEventListener("click", convertClick, true) I added an alert to verify that the condition is correct, but modifying the event in this way didn't work. So, I decided to have my event handler set a global flag that my click handler could check. If the flag is set, it means ctrl was pressed, so the click handler just invokes the rightclick handler. var ctrl; function captureCtrl(e) { ctrl = e.ctrlKey; } This approach worked great, except for one thing. The ctrl flag gets set for the click after the one that occured when ctrl was pressed. That means the event handler is be called during the bubble phase rather than the capture phase. Could explain why the event modification approach didn't work. So, my question is how can you detect "rightclick" events from Macs with the Google Maps API? I can't be the first person to want to do this. That said, when I right-click on the map on http://maps.google.com from a Windows or Linux machine, I get a popup box with options like "Directions from here...", etc. On a Mac, nothing happens. So, not even the main Google Maps page has solved this problem. ...maybe I am the first person to want to do this.

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  • How to limit setAccessible to only "legitimate" uses?

    - by polygenelubricants
    The more I learned about the power of setAccessible, the more astonished I am at what it can do. This is adapted from my answer to the question (Using reflection to change static final File.separatorChar for unit testing). import java.lang.reflect.*; public class EverythingIsTrue { static void setFinalStatic(Field field, Object newValue) throws Exception { field.setAccessible(true); Field modifiersField = Field.class.getDeclaredField("modifiers"); modifiersField.setAccessible(true); modifiersField.setInt(field, field.getModifiers() & ~Modifier.FINAL); field.set(null, newValue); } public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception { setFinalStatic(Boolean.class.getField("FALSE"), true); System.out.format("Everything is %s", false); // "Everything is true" } } You can do truly outrageous stuff: public class UltimateAnswerToEverything { static Integer[] ultimateAnswer() { Integer[] ret = new Integer[256]; java.util.Arrays.fill(ret, 42); return ret; } public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception { EverythingIsTrue.setFinalStatic( Class.forName("java.lang.Integer$IntegerCache") .getDeclaredField("cache"), ultimateAnswer() ); System.out.format("6 * 9 = %d", 6 * 9); // "6 * 9 = 42" } } Presumably the API designers realize how abusable setAccessible can be, but must have conceded that it has legitimate uses to provide it. So my questions are: What are the truly legitimate uses for setAccessible? Could Java has been designed as to NOT have this need in the first place? What would the negative consequences (if any) of such design be? Can you restrict setAccessible to legitimate uses only? Is it only through SecurityManager? How does it work? Whitelist/blacklist, granularity, etc? Is it common to have to configure it in your applications?

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  • Dealing With Java Default Level Access Specifiers

    - by Tom Tresansky
    I've seen some code in a project recently where some fields in a couple classes have been using the default access modifier without good reason to. It almost looks like a case of "oops, forgot to make these private". Since the classes are used almost exclusively outside of the package they are defined in, the fields are not visible from the calling code, and are treated as private. So the mistake/oversight would not be very noticeable. However, encapsulation is broken. If I wanted to add a new class to the existing package, I could then mess with internal data in objects using fields with default access. So, my questions: Are there any best practices concerning default access specifiers that I should be aware of? Anything that would help prevent this type of accident from re-occurring? Are are any annotations which might say something to the effect of "I really meant for these to be default access"? Using CheckStyle, or any other Eclipse plugins, is there any way to flag instances of default fields, or disallow any not accompanied by, say, a "//default access" comment trailing them?

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  • how to emulate thread local storage at user space in C++ ?

    - by vprajan
    I am working on a mobile platform over Nucleus RTOS. It uses Nucleus Threading system but it doesn't have support for explicit thread local storage i.e, TlsAlloc, TlsSetValue, TlsGetValue, TlsFree APIs. The platform doesn't have user space pthreads as well. I found that __thread storage modifier is present in most of the C++ compilers. But i don't know how to make it work for my kind of usage. How does __thread keyword can be mapped with explicit thread local storage? I read many articles but nothing is so clear for giving me the following basic information will __thread variable different for each thread ? How to write to that and read from it ? does each thread has exactly one copy of the variable ? following is the pthread based implementation: pthread_key_t m_key; struct Data : Noncopyable { Data(T* value, void* owner) : value(value), owner(owner) {} int* value; }; inline ThreadSpecific() { int error = pthread_key_create(&m_key, destroy); if (error) CRASH(); } inline ~ThreadSpecific() { pthread_key_delete(m_key); // Does not invoke destructor functions. } inline T* get() { Data* data = static_cast<Data*>(pthread_getspecific(m_key)); return data ? data->value : 0; } inline void set(T* ptr) { ASSERT(!get()); pthread_setspecific(m_key, new Data(ptr, this)); } How to make the above code use __thread way to set & get specific value ? where/when does the create & delete happen? If this is not possible, how to write custom pthread_setspecific, pthread_getspecific kind of APIs. I tried using a C++ global map and index it uniquely for each thread and retrieved data from it. But it didn't work well.

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