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Search found 1898 results on 76 pages for 'structures'.

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  • Using Zend Framework and Doctrine with independend modular structures

    - by stefax
    I've seen a lot of articles about integrating ZF and Doctrine. There is also a proposal for ZF here but they have always two possible structures. Either they put all models into one top level model directory or they put it into a module related model directory. application |-- Bootstrap.php |-- configs |-- controllers |-- models - EITHER HERE |-- modules | -- examplemodule | |-- controllers | |-- models - OR HERE | |-- views |-- views For our projects I see problems for either of the two options: 1. One directory: application/models - in a complex system after a short time there will be hundreds of files, over all when you have the table classes two (e.g. User.php and UserTable.php). 2. Module based model directories: application/modules/examplemodule/models - in many cases we use models in multiple modules at the same time. So the "User" is required e.g. in the modules "game", "administration", ... Is there a way to use some kind of sub directories under the top level directory "models" to get some grouping. It should be completely independent of the module structure. application |-- Bootstrap.php ... |-- models | -- user | |-- User.php | |-- Friend.php | |-- other user related models | -- game | |-- Game.php | |-- Score.php | |-- ... ... Any solution should support autoloading and the class generation from yaml files. Any ideas, links or solutions? Thanks!

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  • passing an array of structures (containing two mpz_t numbers) to a function

    - by jerome
    Hello, I'm working on some project where I use the type mpz_t from the GMP C library. I have some problems passing an array of structures (containing mpz_ts) adress to a function : I wille try to explain my problem with some code. So here is the structure : struct mpz_t2{ mpz_t a; mpz_t b; }; typedef struct mpz_t2 *mpz_t2; void petit_test(mpz_t2 *test[]) { printf("entering petit test function\n"); for (int i=0; i < 4; i++) { gmp_printf("test[%d]->a = %Zd and test[%d]->b = %Zd\n", test[i]->a, test[i]->b); } } /* IN MAIN FUNCTION */ mpz_t2 *test = malloc(4 * sizeof(mpz_t2 *)); for (int i=0; i < 4; i++) { mpz_t2_init(&test[i]); // if I pass test[i] : compiler error mpz_set_ui(test[i].a, i); //if test[i]->a compiler error mpz_set_ui(test[i].b, i*10); //same problem gmp_printf("%Zd\n", test[i].b); //prints correct result } petit_test(test); The programm prints the expected result (in main) but after entering the petit_test function produces a segmentation fault error. I would need to edit the mpz_t2 structure array in petit_test. I tried some other ways allocating and passing the array to the function but I didn't manage to get this right. If someone has a solution to this problem, I would be very thankfull! Regards, jérôme.

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  • Pronunciation of programming structures (particularly in c#)

    - by Andrzej Nosal
    As a non-English speaking person I often have problems pronouncing certain programming structures and abbreviations. I've been watching some video tutorials and listening to podcasts as well, though I couldn't catch them all. My question is what is the common or correct pronunciation of the following code snippets? Generics, like IEnumerable<int> or in a method void Swap<T>(T lhs, T rhs) Collections indexing and indexer access e.g. garage[i], rectangular arrays myArray[2,1] or jagged[1][2][3] Lambda operator =>, e.g. in a where extension method .Where(animal => animal.Color == Color.Brown) or in an anonymous method () => { return false;} Inheritance class Derived : Base (extends?) class SomeClass : IDisposable (implements?) Arithemtic operators += -= *= /= %= ! Are += and -= pronounced the same for events? Collections initializers new int[] { 4, 5, 8, 9, 12, 13, 16, 17 }; Casting MyEnum foo = (MyEnum)(int)yourFloat; (as?) Nullables DateTime? dt = new DateTime?(); I tagged the question with C# as some of them are specific to C# only.

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  • Lock-Free Data Structures in C++ Compare and Swap Routine

    - by slf
    In this paper: Lock-Free Data Structures (pdf) the following "Compare and Swap" fundamental is shown: template <class T> bool CAS(T* addr, T exp, T val) { if (*addr == exp) { *addr = val; return true; } return false; } And then says The entire procedure is atomic But how is that so? Is it not possible that some other actor could change the value of addr between the if and the assignment? In which case, assuming all code is using this CAS fundamental, it would be found the next time something "expected" it to be a certain way, and it wasn't. However, that doesn't change the fact that it could happen, in which case, is it still atomic? What about the other actor returning true, even when it's changes were overwritten by this actor? If that can't possibly happen, then why? I want to believe the author, so what am I missing here? I am thinking it must be obvious. My apologies in advance if this seems trivial.

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  • c++ tables of unions and structures

    - by newbDeveloper
    I was told to write a program, that creates a union and structure, then creates two-element arrays of unions and structures and fills their fields. I have created a union and a structure, but how to fill their fields in arrays ? #include <iostream> #include <stdlib.h> #include <stdio.h> using namespace std; union complex; union complex{ int i1; long double ld1; } u; struct Person { char* name; int age; bool sex; void show(){ printf("name %s, age %2.0d, sex %1d\n", name , age, sex); }; } person; int main(void) { Person *o = new Person[2]; complex *un = new complex[2]; un[0]->i1=i; system("pause"); return 0; } I've tried un[0]-i1=i; but it's not the proper way to do this.

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  • Bazaar newbie question about repository structures

    - by esc1729
    I want to use Bazaar on Windows XP for web-development and related tasks. Most of the files are edited locally and then transferred via FTP to the server. Just now the repository sits on my local workstation. Later on it should be shared locally with some co-workers. Perhaps we will use a local Linux server as a centralized repository, but this structure is not decided for now. But first I need to understand the impacts of the different repository setups, which I do not at all. Using Bazaar-Explorer on Windows XP I’ve created a ‘shared tree repository’ from the option list of the init-dialogue in some location dev-filter/. Bazaar Explorer tells me: Created repository with treeless branches at F:/bzr.local/dev-filter Created branch at F:/bzr.local/dev-filter/trunk Created working tree at F:/bzr.local/dev-filter/work OK so far. Now I move a bunch of files into the work directory and add and commit them as Rev 1 ‘Start Revision’. Then I work on some of these files and commit them again as Rev 2. Here my confusion starts. Shouldn’t both revisions go into the trunk? The trunk is still empty, beside the .bzr directory which only holds some management information. If I delete my working directory, which I have tried during these first experiments, everything is gone. There’s obviously no hidden storage of those files. OK. Perhaps I need to push it into the trunk? This does not work either. Entering the work/ directory and initializing the ‘push’ to the trunk, Bazaar-Explorer tells me No new revisions to push. So what? This looks like a severe conceptual misunderstanding about what should happen on my side. Edit, 2010-02-03: Some conclusions What I learned meanwhile is this: I think I should switch to the command line until I really understand what’s going on, at least for creating the repositories and branches. Bazaar Explorer introduces a new level of abstraction which I only can handle if I understand the level beneath One of the secrets of working with Bazaar at least for me is to understand those .bzr directories, their particular properties and states when created with ‘bzr init’, ‘bzr init-repository’, ‘bzr branch’ etc. in all their variants and how they are plumped together. While there’s a whole chapter of ‘Organizing your workspace’ in the Bazaar User Guide, it’s more or less workflow oriented. The manual contains a lot of directory structures for the given examples. What I would prefer beside this and have not (or only rudimentary) found so far is some graphical representation of those ‘Lego like’ .bzr building blocks which create the linking of all the parts. So I started to invent some simple notation while working through the examples and looking into the .bzr directories to document what information is stored there, where does it come from, how and to what is it linked, is it complete or shared, etc. Erich Schreiber

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  • Write Scheme data structures so they can be eval-d back in, or alternative

    - by Jesse Millikan
    I'm writing an application (A juggling pattern animator) in PLT Scheme that accepts Scheme expressions as values for some fields. I'm attempting to write a small text editor that will let me "explode" expressions into expressions that can still be eval'd but contain the data as literals for manual tweaking. For example, (4hss->sexp "747") is a function call that generates a legitimate pattern. If I eval and print that, it becomes (((7 3) - - -) (- - (4 2) -) (- (7 2) - -) (- - - (7 1)) ((4 0) - - -) (- - (7 0) -) (- (7 2) - -) (- - - (4 3)) ((7 3) - - -) (- - (7 0) -) (- (4 1) - -) (- - - (7 1))) which can be "read" as a string, but will not "eval" the same as the function. For this statement, of course, what I need would be as simple as (quote (((7 3... but other examples are non-trivial. This one, for example, contains structs which print as vectors: pair-of-jugglers ; --> (#(struct:hand #(struct:position -0.35 2.0 1.0) #(struct:position -0.6 2.05 1.1) 1.832595714594046) #(struct:hand #(struct:position 0.35 2.0 1.0) #(struct:position 0.6 2.0500000000000003 1.1) 1.308996938995747) #(struct:hand #(struct:position 0.35 -2.0 1.0) #(struct:position 0.6 -2.05 1.1) -1.3089969389957472) #(struct:hand #(struct:position -0.35 -2.0 1.0) #(struct:position -0.6 -2.05 1.1) -1.8325957145940461)) I've thought of at least three possible solutions, none of which I like very much. Solution A is to write a recursive eval-able output function myself for a reasonably large subset of the values that I might be using. There (probably...) won't be any circular references by the nature of the data structures used, so that wouldn't be such a long job. The output would end up looking like `(((3 0) (... ; ex 1 `(,(make-hand (make-position ... ; ex 2 Or even worse if I could't figure out how to do it properly with quasiquoting. Solution B would be to write out everything as (read (open-input-string "(big-long-s-expression)")) which, technically, solves the problem I'm bringing up but is... ugly. Solution C might be a different approach of giving up eval and using only read for parsing input, or an uglier approach where the s-expression is used as directly data if eval fails, but those both seem unpleasant compared to using scheme values directly. Undiscovered Solution D would be a PLT Scheme option, function or library I haven't located that would match Solution A. Help me out before I start having bad recursion dreams again.

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  • Dynamic allocating of const member structures

    - by Willy
    I've got class which is using plain-only-data struct with const variables and I'm not sure, if I'm allocating these structures in a proper way. It looks more or less like: #include <cstdlib> #include <iostream> using std::cout; using std::endl; struct some_const_struct { const int arg1; const int arg2; }; class which_is_using_above_struct { public: some_const_struct* m_member; const some_const_struct* const m_const_member; public: const some_const_struct& get_member() const { return *m_member; } const some_const_struct& get_const_member() const { return *m_const_member; } void set_member(const int a, const int b) { if(m_member != NULL) { delete m_member; m_member = NULL; } m_member = new some_const_struct((some_const_struct){a, b}); } explicit which_is_using_above_struct(const int a, const int b) : m_const_member(new some_const_struct((const some_const_struct){a, b})) { m_member = NULL; } ~which_is_using_above_struct() { if(m_member != NULL) { delete m_member; } if(m_const_member != NULL) { delete m_const_member; } } }; int main() { which_is_using_above_struct c(1, 2); c.set_member(3, 4); cout << "m_member.arg1 = " << c.get_member().arg1 << endl; cout << "m_member.arg2 = " << c.get_member().arg2 << endl; cout << "m_const_member.arg1 = " << c.get_const_member().arg1 << endl; cout << "m_const_member.arg2 = " << c.get_const_member().arg2 << endl; return 0; } I'm just not quite sure if the statement: m_member = new some_const_struct((some_const_struct){a, b}); doesn't produce unnessesary use of some_const_struct's copy constructor, ergo allocating that struct twice. What do you think? And is it reasonable to make that struct's members const? (they're not supposed to change in their lifetime at all)

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  • SYSTEM_HANDLE_INFORMATION structure

    - by striker
    From where does this structure originates? I know that it is declared in famous ntdll.h and is a part of undocumented windows API. But isn't it vary between different versions of windows? Is there a way to dump this structure from working system? I tried 'dt SYSTEM_HANLDE_INFORMATION' in Windbg and 'type SYSTEM_HANLDE_INFORMATION' in SoftIce but all I get is 'no such symbol' message. I also dumped ntoskrnl.pdb with PdbDump.exe and searched among the dumped structures - and could not find neither SYSTEM_HANLDE_INFORMATION nor SYSTEM_HANLDE. Could you help me?

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  • Data structure for Settlers of Catan map?

    - by templatetypedef
    Hello all- A while back someone asked me if I knew of a nice way to encode the information for the game Settlers of Catan. This would require storing a hexagonal grid in a way where each hex can have data associated with it. More importantly, though, I would need some way of efficiently looking up vertices and edges on the sides of these hexagons, since that's where all the action is. My question is this: is there a good, simple data structure for storing a hexagonal grid while allowing for fast lookup of hexagons, edges between hexagons, and vertices at the intersections of hexagons? I know that general structures like a winged-edge or quad-edge could do this, but that seems like massive overkill. Thanks!

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  • How to find out memory layout of your data structure implementation on Linux 64bit machine

    - by ajay
    In this article, http://cacm.acm.org/magazines/2010/7/95061-youre-doing-it-wrong/fulltext the author talks about the memory layouts of 2 data structures - The Binary Heap and the B-Heap and compares how one has better memory layout than the other. http://deliveryimages.acm.org/10.1145/1790000/1785434/figs/f5.jpg http://deliveryimages.acm.org/10.1145/1790000/1785434/figs/f6.jpg I want to get hands on experience on this. I have an implementation of a N-Ary Tree and I want to find out the memory layout of my data structure. What is the best way to come up with a memory layout like the one in the article? Secondly, I think it is easier to identify the memory layout if it is an array based implementation. If the implementation of a Tree uses pointers then what Tools do we have or what kind of approach is required to map it's memory layout? Thanks!

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  • Find the minimum gap between two numbers in an AVL tree

    - by user1656647
    I have a data structures homework, that in addition to the regular AVL tree functions, I have to add a function that returns the minimum gap between any two numbers in the AVL tree (the nodes in the AVL actually represent numbers.) Lets say we have the numbers (as nodes) 1 5 12 20 23 21 in the AVL tree, the function should return the minimum gap between any two numbers. In this situation it should return "1" which is |20-21| or |21-20|. It should be done in O(1). Tried to think alot about it, and I know there is a trick but just couldn't find it, I have spent hours on this. There was another task which is to find the maximum gap, which is easy, it is the difference between the minimal and maximal number.

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  • Why does forward declaration not work with classes?

    - by eSKay
    int main() { B bb; //does not compile (neither does class B bb;) C cc; //does not compile struct t tt; //compiles class B {}; struct s { struct t * pt; }; //compiles struct t { struct s * ps; }; return 0; } class C {}; I just modified the example given here. Why is that the struct forward declarations work but not the class forward declarations? Does it have something to do with the namespaces - tag namespace and typedef namespace? I know that the structure definitions without typedefs go to tag namespace. Structures are just classes with all public members. So, I expect them to behave similarly.

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  • Accessing structure through pointers [c]

    - by Blackbinary
    I've got a structure which holds names and ages. I've made a linked-list of these structures, using this as a pointer: aNode *rootA; in my main. Now i send **rootA to a function like so addElement(5,"Drew",**rootA); Because i need to pass rootA by reference so that I can edit it in other functions (in my actual program i have two roots, so return will not work) The problem is, in my program, i can't say access the structure members. *rootA->age = 4; for example doesnt work. Hopefully you guys can help me out. Thanks!

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  • Is there an existing solution to the multithreaded data structure problem?

    - by thr
    I've had the need for a multi-threaded data structure that supports these claims: Allows multiple concurrent readers and writers Is sorted Is easy to reason about Fulfilling multiple readers and one writer is a lot easier, but I really would wan't to allow multiple writers. I've been doing research into this area, and I'm aware of ConcurrentSkipList (by Lea based on work by Fraser and Harris) as it's implemented in Java SE 6. I've also implemented my own version of a concurrent Skip List based on A Provably Correct Scalable Concurrent Skip List by Herlihy, Lev, Luchangco and Shavit. These two implementations are developed by people that are light years smarter then me, but I still (somewhat ashamed, because it is amazing work) have to ask the question if these are the two only viable implementations of a concurrent multi reader/writer data structures available today?

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  • Boost::Spirit::Qi autorules -- avoiding repeated copying of AST data structures

    - by phooji
    I've been using Qi and Karma to do some processing on several small languages. Most of the grammars are pretty small (20-40 rules). I've been able to use autorules almost exclusively, so my parse trees consist entirely of variants, structs, and std::vectors. This setup works great for the common case: 1) parse something (Qi), 2) make minor manipulations to the parse tree (visitor), and 3) output something (Karma). However, I'm concerned about what will happen if I want to make complex structural changes to a syntax tree, like moving big subtrees around. Consider the following toy example: A grammar for s-expr-style logical expressions that uses autorules... // Inside grammar class; rule names match struct names... pexpr %= pand | por | var | bconst; pand %= lit("(and ") >> (pexpr % lit(" ")) >> ")"; por %= lit("(or ") >> (pexpr % lit(" ")) >> ")"; pnot %= lit("(not ") >> pexpr >> ")"; ... which leads to parse tree representation that looks like this... struct var { std::string name; }; struct bconst { bool val; }; struct pand; struct por; struct pnot; typedef boost::variant<bconst, var, boost::recursive_wrapper<pand>, boost::recursive_wrapper<por>, boost::recursive_wrapper<pnot> > pexpr; struct pand { std::vector<pexpr> operands; }; struct por { std::vector<pexpr> operands; }; struct pnot { pexpr victim; }; // Many Fusion Macros here Suppose I have a parse tree that looks something like this: pand / ... \ por por / \ / \ var var var var (The ellipsis means 'many more children of similar shape for pand.') Now, suppose that I want negate each of the por nodes, so that the end result is: pand / ... \ pnot pnot | | por por / \ / \ var var var var The direct approach would be, for each por subtree: - create pnot node (copies por in construction); - re-assign the appropriate vector slot in the pand node (copies pnot node and its por subtree). Alternatively, I could construct a separate vector, and then replace (swap) the pand vector wholesale, eliminating a second round of copying. All of this seems cumbersome compared to a pointer-based tree representation, which would allow for the pnot nodes to be inserted without any copying of existing nodes. My question: Is there a way to avoid copy-heavy tree manipulations with autorule-compliant data structures? Should I bite the bullet and just use non-autorules to build a pointer-based AST (e.g., http://boost-spirit.com/home/2010/03/11/s-expressions-and-variants/)?

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  • Efficient data structure for fast random access, search, insertion and deletion

    - by Leonel
    I'm looking for a data structure (or structures) that would allow me keep me an ordered list of integers, no duplicates, with indexes and values in the same range. I need four main operations to be efficient, in rough order of importance: taking the value from a given index finding the index of a given value inserting a value at a given index deleting a value at a given index Using an array I have 1 at O(1), but 2 is O(N) and insertion and deletions are expensive (O(N) as well, I believe). A Linked List has O(1) insertion and deletion (once you have the node), but 1 and 2 are O(N) thus negating the gains. I tried keeping two arrays a[index]=value and b[value]=index, which turn 1 and 2 into O(1) but turn 3 and 4 into even more costly operations. Is there a data structure better suited for this?

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  • Comparison of collection datatypes in C#

    - by Joel in Gö
    Does anyone know of a good overview of the different C# collection types? I am looking for something showing which basic operations such as Add, Remove, RemoveLast etc. are supported, and giving the relative performance. It would be particularly interesting for the various generic classes - and even better if it showed eg. if there is a difference in performance between a List<T> where T is a class and one where T is a struct. A start would be a nice cheat-sheet for the abstract data structures, comparing Linked Lists, Hash Tables etc. etc. Thanks!

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  • Queue-like data structure with fast search and insertion

    - by Max
    I need a datastructure with the following properties: It contains integer numbers, no duplicates. After it reaches the maximal size the first element is removed. So if the capacity is 3, then this is how it would look when putting in it sequential numbers: {}, {1}, {1, 2}, {1, 2, 3}, {2, 3, 4}, {3, 4, 5} etc. Only two operations are needed: inserting a number into this container (INSERT) and checking if the number is already in the container (EXISTS). The number of EXISTS operations is expected to be approximately 2 * number of INSERT operations. I need these operations to be as fast as possible. What would be the fastest data structure or combination of data structures for this scenario?

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  • Where can I learn more about datastructure tricky questions?

    - by Sandbox
    I am relatively new to programming (around 1 year programming C#-winforms). Also, I come from a non CS background (no formal degree) Recently, while being interviewed for a job, I was asked about implementing a queue using a stack. I fumbled and wan't able to answer the question. After, the interview I could do it(had to spend some time). I have learnt (and think that I know it well) basic algorithms in datastructures using the book Data Structures: A Pseudocode Approach with C - Richard F. Gilberg (Author) . I want to know about sites/ books which have such questions along with answers. I think this will allow me to develop my CS specific problem solving skills. Any help is appreciated. BOUNTY: I am looking at some blog/website with datastructure and algorithms Q&A.

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  • What is it about Fibonacci numbers?

    - by Ian Bishop
    Fibonacci numbers have become a popular introduction to recursion for Computer Science students and there's a strong argument that they persist within nature. For these reasons, many of us are familiar with them. They also exist within Computer Science elsewhere too; in surprisingly efficient data structures and algorithms based upon the sequence. There are two main examples that come to mind: Fibonacci heaps which have better amortized running time than binomial heaps. Fibonacci search which shares O(log N) running time with binary search on an ordered array. Is there some special property of these numbers that gives them an advantage over other numerical sequences? Is it a density quality? What other possible applications could they have? It seems strange to me as there are many natural number sequences that occur in other recursive problems, but I've never seen a Catalan heap.

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  • what are the recent dataStructure and algorithms that one should know?

    - by Shamik
    Recently I came across the SkipList data structure. It really helped me to solve one otherwise critical problem to be solved. I was struggling to solve the same problem with Balanced Binary tree but it became very complex as the tree needs to be always balanced and I wanted to know the existence of not only a particular value but values in certain range. SkipList helped me to solve that problem effectively. I am wondering what else data structures that I need to know? I know - Array, List, Stack, Queue, Linked List, hashtable, tree and its different forms like B-tree, Trie etc. Would like to know if you find some other data structure/concept very interesting to know yet effective enough to be used in a daily development cycle.

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  • The data structure of libev watchers

    - by changchang
    Libev uses three data structures to storage different watchers. Heap: for watchers that sorted by time, such as ev_timer and ev_periodic. Linked list: such as ev_io, ev_signal, ev_child and etc. Array: such as ev_prepare, ev_check, ev_async and etc. There is no doubt about that uses heap to store timer watcher. But what is the criteria of selecting linked list and array? The data structure that stores ev_io watchers seems a little complex. It first is an array that with fd as its index and the element in the array is a linked list of ev_io watcher. It is more convenient to allocate space for array if use linked list as element. Is it the reason? Or just because of the insert or remove operation of ev_io is more frequently and the ev_prepare seems more stable? Or any other reasons?

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  • Which term to use when referring to functional data structures: persistent or immutable?

    - by Bob
    In the context of functional programming which is the correct term to use: persistent or immutable? When I Google "immutable data structures" I get a Wikipedia link to an article on "Persistent data structure" which even goes on to say: such data structures are effectively immutable Which further confuses things for me. Do functional programs rely on persistent data structures or immutable data structures? Or are they always the same thing?

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  • weighted matching algorithm in Perl

    - by srk
    Problem : We have equal number of men and women.each men has a preference score toward each woman. So do the woman for each man. each of the men and women have certain interests. Based on the interest we calculate the preference scores. So initially we have an input in a file having x columns. First column is the person(men/woman) id. id are nothing but 0.. n numbers.(first half are men and next half woman) the remaining x-1 columns will have the interests. these are integers too. now using this n by x-1 matrix... we have come up with a n by n/2 matrix. the new matrix has all men and woman as their rows and scores for opposite sex in columns. We have to sort the scores in descending order, also we need to know the id of person related to the scores after sorting. So here i wanted to use hash table. once we get the scores we need to make up pairs.. for which we need to follow some rules. My trouble is with the second matrix of n by n/2 that needs to give information of which man/woman has how much preference on a woman/man. I need these scores sorted so that i know who is the first preferred woman/man, 2nd preferred and so on for a man/woman. I hope to get good suggestions on the data structures i use.. I prefer php or perl. Thank you in advance

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