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• Diagnosing extremely slow network operations.

  - by Chris Becke

  The network: * A windows 7 PC with 2 NICs - one connected to an old style ethernet hub - the other to the internet - with internet sharing enabled * An Apple iMac connected to the hub, successfully utilizing the ICS to access the internet. My problem: Using the Mac, copying from the internet is fast. However, if I connect to a SMB: share on the Windows 7 PC and try and copy anything a few kb the copy operation is appallingly slow with my network card using the Windows 7 control panel showing ~.1% utilization. The NICs are 100Mbs and show a 10x larger throughput (now ~1%) if I download large files over the internet using the Mac. WTF?

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• hung up troubleshooting packet discards

  - by Chris Satola

  I realize my question is generic, but hopefully someone may have some guidance for me. My network consists of Cisco switches. I am seeing a significant amount (upwards of millions of packets per day) transmit drops between two switches. One being a 3750 and the other a 3560. The peak throughput of this link is only upper 400Mbps, so it shouldn't be a bandwidth issue. At this point, I am sort of clueless where to look or what tools I can use to determine what packets are dropping and why. I can setup a SPAN port on that link and wireshark it, but I don't know if that could tell me anything. Does anyone have any suggestions? Thanks in advance.

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• Network monitoring solution

  - by Hellfrost

  Hello Serverfault ! I have a big distributed system I need to monitor. Background: My system is comprised of two servers, concentrating and controlling the system. Each server is connected to a set of devices (some custom kind of RF controllers, doesnt matter to my question), each device connects to a network switch, and eventually all devices talk to the servers, the protocol between the servers and the devices is UDP, usually the packets are very small, but there are really a LOT of packets. the network is also somewhat complex, and is deployed on a large area physically. i'll have 150-300 of these devices, each generating up to 100+ packets per second, and several network switches, perhaps on 2 different subnets. Question I'm looking for some solution that will allow me to monitor all this mess, how many packets are sent, where, how do they move through the network, bandwidth utilization, throughput, stuff like that. what would you recommend to achieve this? BTW Playing nice with windows is a requirement.

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• How can I use a computer as a router and send all client traffic through anonymous proxies?

  - by Terrapin

  Is there a way that I can setup a spare box as a router on my network, and route client traffic through a proxy in order to hide my location? Specifically, I would like internet traffic to/from my Roku Box to be routed via proxy, but there is no proxy support built in to the Roku. So I would like wire my Roku directly my computer's second NIC, and force all traffic through a proxy. What kind of software and hardware setup will I need? Also, which anonymous proxy service are best for this purpose? I'm not interesting in full anonymity or encryption. I simply want to mask my location while providing the best possible throughput.

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• Methodologies for performance-testing a WAN link

  - by Chopper3

  We have a pair of new diversely-routed 1Gbps Ethernet links between locations about 200 miles apart. The 'client' is a new reasonably-powerful machine (HP DL380 G6, dual E56xx Xeons, 48GB DDR3, R1 pair of 300GB 10krpm SAS disks, W2K8R2-x64) and the 'server' is a decent enough machine too (HP BL460c G6, dual E55xx Xeons, 72GB, R1 pair of 146GB 10krpm SAS disks, dual-port Emulex 4Gbps FC HBA linked to dual Cisco MDS9509s then onto dedicated HP EVA 8400 with 128 x 450GB 15krpm FC disks, RHEL 5.3-x64). Using SFTP from the client we're only seeing about 40Kbps of throughput using large (2GB) files. We've performed server to 'other local server' tests and see around 500Mbps through the local switches (Cat 6509s), we're going to do the same on the client side but that's a day or so away. What other testing methods would you use to prove to the link providers that the problem is theirs?

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• Why Standards Place Limits on Data Transfer Rates?

  - by Mehrdad

  This is a rather general question about hardware and standards in general: Why do they place limits on data transfer rates, and disallow manufacturers from exceeding those rates? (E.g. 100 Mbit/s for Wireless G, 150 Mbit/s for Wireless N, ...) Why not allow for some sort of handshake protocol, whereby the devices being connected agree upon the maximum throughput that they each support, and use that value instead? Why does there have to be a hard-coded limit, which would require a new standard for every single improvement to a data rate?

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• Oracle Exalogic Customer Momentum @ OOW'12

  - by Sanjeev Sharma

  [Adapted from here]  At Oracle Open World 2012, i sat down with some of the Oracle Exalogic early adopters  to discuss the business benefits these businesses were realizing by embracing the engineered systems approach to data-center modernization and application consolidation. Below is an overview of the 4 businesses that won the Oracle Fusion Middleware Innovation Award for Oracle Exalogic this year. Company: Netshoes About: Leading online retailer of sporting goods in Latin America.Challenges: Rapid business growth resulted in frequent outages and poor response-time of online store-front Conventional ad-hoc approach to horizontal scaling resulted in high CAPEX and OPEX Poor performance and unavailability of online store-front resulted in revenue loss from purchase abandonment Solution: Consolidated ATG Commerce and Oracle WebLogic running on Oracle Exalogic.Business Impact:Reduced abandonment rates resulting in a two-digit increase in online conversion rates translating directly into revenue up-liftCompany: ClaroAbout: Leading communications services provider in Latin America.Challenges: Support business growth over the next 3  - 5 years while maximizing re-use of existing middleware and application investments with minimal effort and risk Solution: Consolidated Oracle Fusion Middleware components (Oracle WebLogic, Oracle SOA Suite, Oracle Tuxedo) and JAVA applications onto Oracle Exalogic and Oracle Exadata. Business Impact:Improved partner SLA’s 7x while improving throughput 5X and response-time 35x for  JAVA applicationsCompany: ULAbout: Leading safety testing and certification organization in the world.Challenges: Transition from being a non-profit to a profit oriented enterprise and grow from a $1B to $5B in annual revenues in the next 5 years Undertake a massive business transformation by aligning change strategy with execution Solution: Consolidated Oracle Applications (E-Business Suite, Siebel, BI, Hyperion) and Oracle Fusion Middleware (AIA, SOA Suite) on Oracle Exalogic and Oracle ExadataBusiness Impact:Reduced financial and operating risk in re-architecting IT services to support new business capabilities supporting 87,000 manufacturersCompany: Ingersoll RandAbout: Leading manufacturer of industrial, climate, residential and security solutions.Challenges: Business continuity risks due to complexity in enforcing consistent operational and financial controls; Re-active business decisions reduced ability to offer differentiation and compete Solution: Consolidated Oracle E-business Suite on Oracle Exalogic and Oracle ExadataBusiness Impact:Service differentiation with faster order provisioning and a shorter lead-to-cash cycle translating into higher customer satisfaction and quicker cash-conversionCheck out the winners of the Oracle Fusion Middleware Innovation awards in other categories here.

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• Linux servers seeing bad download performance behind Sonicwall firewall

  - by Joshua Penix

  I'm working with a pair of co-located CentOS Linux servers sitting behind a Sonicwall PRO 2040 Enhanced firewall running in transparent bridge mode. These servers are having a strange problem downloading files more than a few megabytes in size. For example, if I try to wget or FTP a copy of the Linux kernel from kernel.org, the first ~1-2MB will download at 600+K/s, and then throughput will drop off a cliff to 1K/s. I've reviewed all the firewall configuration settings for anything suspicious, but found nothing. More interestingly, I performed the same download with a Windows server sitting behind the same firewall, and it sailed right through at 600+K/s the whole way. Has anyone seen this? Where should I start looking to troubleshoot this problem?

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• How to interpret IOZone results?

  - by homer5439

  Here are the resuts of running IOZone on an ext3 filesystem on an LVM volume residing on a SAN LUN (it was ran with 5 parallel processes). "Throughput report Y-axis is type of test X-axis is number of processes" "Record size = 4 Kbytes " "Output is in Kbytes/sec" " Initial write " 81628.55 " Rewrite " 83354.72 " Read " 115595.02 " Re-read " 119306.09 " Reverse Read " 47684.20 " Stride read " 10011.09 " Random read " 16751.27 " Mixed workload " 5659.77 " Random write " 1661.85 " Pwrite " 36030.83 Now this is all nice and dandy, but my question is: how do I know whether the values are as good as they could be or there is something to tweak (and if so, what?) The actual usage I will have for that Logical Volume is to act as virtual disk for a VM.

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• Does a bad Internet connection increase bandwidth usage?

  - by Synetech

  My (Rogers) cable connection has been pretty bad recently (channels 3 and 10 are particularly fuzzy—it’s analog, not digital cable). Not surprisingly, this has caused my cable modem to drop out and have to reestablish a connection a couple of times since it started. The poor connection of course means higher corruption (not necessarily dropped per se) which causes the TCP/IP stack to have to retransmit packets more often. Reduction of bandwidth throughput aside, I got to wondering if it increases the actual bandwidth usage. That is, if there is a high error rate on the line causing packets to have to be retransmitted: Does this increase a bandwidth monitoring program’s numbers? Does the ISP count the retransmitted packets toward the monthly cap? Based on what I remember from my university networking courses and common sense, I have a feeling that the answer to both questions is yes, but I cannot reliably measure the first, and have no authoritative answer for the second. I’m wondering if maybe the retransmitted packets are acknowledged as being duplicates and thus not counted somewhere along the line.

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• How to know if my nginx is in good health?

  - by Howard

  I am running a nginx on EC2 (m1.small) for SSL termination. I am using 2 workers on Ubuntu, with latest nginx (stable), the network throughput is around 2Mbps and system load average is around 2 to 3. I am wondering if this system is in good health for now, e.g. what is the queue length (I know nginx can handle a lot of concurrent request, but I mean before the request is being served, how many of them need to wait before being served) what is the average queue time for a given request to be served. I want to know because if my nginx is cpu bounded (e.g. due to SSL), I will need to upgrade to a faster instance. My current nginx status Active connections: 4076 server accepts handled requests 90664283 90664283 104117012 Reading: 525 Writing: 81 Waiting: 3470

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• Does ZFS cache Compressed or Uncompressed data in a ZFS file-system with compression turned on?

  - by George Bailey

  ZFS supports file-system compression and it also caches frequently or recently accessed data. If a system has lots of CPU but the underlying data storage system is slow. It is possible that ZFS would perform better with compression turned on. This can be easily tested when writing files by measuring CPU and disk usage and throughput. (of course latency may exist,, but this would not be an issue for large files). But what about cache? If data will have to be decompressed every time it is read then this is probably less of a good idea. Is the cached data compressed?. Does anybody have some information on this?

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• SOA performance on SPARC T5 benchmark results

  - by JuergenKress

  The brand NEW super fast SPARC T5 servers are available. The platform is superb to run large SOA Suite environments or to consolidate your whole middleware platform. Some performance advices, recommended for all workloads: Performance profile for SOA apps on Oracle Solaris 11 BPEL (Fusion Order Demo) instances per second OSB (messages / transformations per second) Crypto acceleration study for SOA transformations SPARC T4 and T5 platform testing, pre-tuning Performance suitable for mid-to-high range enterprise in stand-alone SOA deployment or virtualized consolidation environment shared with Oracle applications 2.2x to 5x faster than SPARC T3 servers 25% faster SOA throughput, core to core than Intel 5600-series servers (running Exalogic software) SPARC T5 has 2x the consolidation density of Intel 5600-class processors 2x faster initial deployment time using Optimized Solutions pre-tested configuration steps Over 200 Application adapters for easiest Oracle software integration Would you like to get details? We can share with you on 1:1 bases T5 SOA Suite performance benchmarks, please contact your local partner manager or myself! SOA & BPM Partner Community For regular information on Oracle SOA Suite become a member in the SOA & BPM Partner Community for registration please visit www.oracle.com/goto/emea/soa (OPN account required) If you need support with your account please contact the Oracle Partner Business Center. Blog Twitter LinkedIn Facebook Wiki Mix Forum Technorati Tags: T5,TS Sparc,T5 SOA,bechmark,SOA Community,Oracle SOA,Oracle BPM,Community,OPN,Jürgen Kress

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• Linux Read-Ahead Downsides

  - by JPerkSter

  Hi Everyone, Hope all is well. I have a question regarding read-ahead caching. Are there any downsides to raising the size of the read-ahead cache? On our farm, we're currently running at 256, and upon raising that higher, we are seeing significant throughput gains.   [root@server~]# hdparm -tT /dev/sda /dev/sda: Timing cached reads: 7352 MB in 2.00 seconds = 3677.62 MB/sec 3 Timing buffered disk reads: 244 MB in 3.10 seconds = 78.68 MB/sec [root@server ~]# blockdev --setra 10240 /dev/sda [root@server ~]# hdparm -tT /dev/sda /dev/sda: Timing cached reads: 11452 MB in 2.00 seconds = 5728.52 MB/sec Timing buffered disk reads: 422 MB in 3.17 seconds = 133.04 MB/sec We are running on 2.6. Thanks!

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• Testing performance from around the world - how do I get a linux shell easily in multiple countries?

  - by Matthew O'Riordan

  We are building a socket based service where latency is paramount, and as such we have servers distributed into 7 data centres around the world. However, whilst we know we're bringing the servers closer to the clients, it's very difficult to know how effective this is, and importantly, what difference this makes compared to our competitors. As such, we want to run simple scripts that test latency and throughput for both our service and our competitors, which is easy enough using Amazon, however Amazon only have 7 data centres. We would like to know for example how we perform in locations all over the world such as South Africa, Australia, China, Peru etc. Does anyone know of any service where we could piggy back off their global infrastructure and run some scripts to test this performance? The obvious contenders are people like Monitis, but I don't think they would allow us to run custom scripts, only standard protocol monitors. Thanks for your help. Matt

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• New Write Flash SSDs and more disk trays

  - by Steve Tunstall

  In case you haven't heard, the Write SSDs the ZFSSA have been updated. Much faster now for the same price. Sweet. The new write-flash SSDs have a new part number of 7105026 , so make sure you order the right ones. It's important to note that you MUST be on code level 2011.1.4.0 or higher to use these. They have increased in IOPS from 6,000 to 11,000, and increased throughput from 200MB/s to 350MB/s.    Also, you can now add six SAS HBAs (up from 4) to the 7420, allowing one to have three SAS channels with 12 disk trays each, for a new total of 36 disk trays. With 3TB drives, that's 2.5 Petabytes. Is that enough for you? Make sure you add new cards to the correct slots. I've talked about this before, but here is the handy-dandy matrix again so you don't have to go find it. Remember the rules: You can have 6 of any one kind of card (like six 10GigE cards), but you only really get 8 slots, since you have two SAS cards no matter what. If you want more than 12 disk trays, you need two more SAS cards, so think about expansion later, too. In fact, if you are going to have two different speeds of drives, in other words you want to mix 15K speed and 7,200 speed drives in the same system, I would highly recommend two different SAS channels. So I would want four SAS cards in that system, no matter how many trays you have. 

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• To Virtual or Not to Virtual

  - by Kevin Shyr

  I recently made a comment "I hate everything virtual" while responding to a SQL server performance question.  I then promptly fired up my Hyper-V development environment to do my proof of concept stuff, and realized that I made the cardinal sin of making a generalized comment about something, instead of saying "It depends". The bottom line is if the virtual environment gives the throughput that the server needs, then it is not that big of a deal.  I just have seen so many environment set up with SQL server sitting in virtual environment sitting in a SAN, so on top of having to plan for loss data, I now have to plan for my virtual environment failing for so many different reasons, thought SQL 2012 High Availability Group should make that easier.  To me, a virtual environment makes sense for a stateless application with big scalibility requirement, but doesn't give much benefit to an application where performance and data integrity are both important.  If security is not a concern, I would just build servers with multiple instances on them to balance the workload. Maybe this is also too generalized a comment, and I'll confess that I'm not a DBA by trade.  I'd love to hear the pros and cons of virtualizing a SQL server, or other examples where virtualization makes total sense (not just money, but recovery, rollback, etc.)

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• SQL server availability issue: large query stops other connections from connecting

  - by Carlos

  I've got a high-spec (multicore, RAID) server running MS SQL 2008, with several databases on it. I have a low throughput process that periodically needs a small amount of information from one of the DBs, and the code seems to work fine. However, sometimes when one of my colleagues does a huge query against one of the other DBs, I see full CPU usage on the machine, and connections from my app time out. Why does this happen? I would have thought the many cores and harddisks would somehow (together with cleverly written DB server) be able to keep at least some of the resources free for other apps? I'm pretty sure he doesn't use multiple connections for his query. What can I do to prevent this?

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• Oracle Solaris 11.1 available today

  - by user12611852

  Today Oracle is pleased to announce availability of Oracle Solaris 11.1. Download Solaris 11.1 Order Solaris 11.1 media kitExisting customers can quickly and simply update using the network based repository Highlights include: 8x faster database startup and shutdown and online resizing of the database SGA with a new optimized shared memory interface between the database and Oracle Solaris 11.1 Up to 20% throughput increases for Oracle Real Application Clusters by offloading lock management into the Oracle Solaris kernel Expanded support for Software Defined Networks (SDN) with Edge Virtual Bridging enhancements to maximize network resource utilization and manage bandwidth in cloud environments 4x faster Solaris Zone updates with parallel operations shorten maintenance windows New built-in memory predictor monitors application memory use and provides optimized memory page sizes and resource location to speed overall application performance. Learn more and share these valuable tools with your customers to enable them to move to Oracle Solaris 11.1 quickly. Many customers wait for the first update --now is the time to encourage them to install Oracle Solaris 11.1. Oracle Solaris 11.1 Data Sheet  What's New in Oracle Solaris 11.1 Oracle Solaris 11.1 FAQs Oracle Solaris 11 .1 Customer Presentation Oracle Solaris 11.1 is recommended for all SPARC T4 Systems and will soon be available preinstalled.

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• Linux IO scheduler on databases with RAID

  - by Raghu

  Hi, I have a linux database(MySQL) server(Dell 2950) with a 6-disk RAID 10. The default IO scheduler on it is CFQ. However, from what I have read and heard, there is no need for a scheduler like CFQ when reordering/scheduling is also done by underlying RAID controller; on the contrary since it does not account underlying RAID configuration into account performance may actually degrade with CFQ. The primary concern is to reduce CPU usage and improve throughput. Also, I have seen recommendations of using noop/deadline IO scheduler for databases primarily because of the nature of their R/W access.

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• What is fastest way to backup a disk image over LAN?

  - by David Balažic

  Sometimes I boot sysrescd or a similar live linux on a PC to backup the hardrive over local network to my server. I noticed many times, that the transfer speed is not optimal (slower than HDD and network speed). Any rules of thumb what to do and what to avoid? What I typically do is something like: dd bs=16M if=/dev/sda | nc ... # on client nc ... | dd bs=16M of=/destination/disk/backup1 # on server I also "throw" in lzop (other are way too slow) and sometimes on the fly md5sum calculation (both of uncompressed and compress source). I try to add (m)buffer (or other alternatives) to improve throughput (and get a progress indicator). I noticed that even with enough free CPU, adding commands to the pipeline slows things down. Typically the destination is on a NTFS volume (accessed via ntfs-3g, with the _big_writes_ option).

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• Does a single LACP channel over multiple switches increase redundancy?

  - by Sirch

  I am curious for opinions, findings, or evidence that having multiple interfaces bonded using LACP to ports in multiple switches can increase redundancy. Previously bonded interfaces have always been to a single switch, with a redundant channel to another port. Without getting into vendor specifics, my thought is that as this is a single LACP, the likelihood that an event or change could lead to a wide service outage. Without having the spare equipment or time to test this single channel over diverse switches, could anyone with a greater networking knowledge than myself, tell me if there a network side event that would bring down the network connectivity to a server that had created a bonded interface to two ports on separate switches? Does the use of bonded ethernet channels across multiple switches (that we are advised that we can use) from the server, provide both improved throughput (unquestionably), and improved redundancy (uncertain). Could/would network events such as switch failure, port migration, patching, recovery, etc, cause the channel for both server network interfaces to be unavailable? Thanks in advance.

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• Super slow time machine backup on my mac

  - by lowellk

  I just got a new 2TB drive which I'm trying to use as a time machine drive for my mac which has a 1TB drive. On my first time trying to back it up, I'm getting terrible throughput, not even 1GB per day (it's been running for 36 hours now). I erased the disk and tried to copy a large file to it and got the same slow speed. What can I do to diagnose this? Are there any tools which can inspect the disk and tell me if it's messed up? Thanks!

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• Best usb storage for my router, Asus RT-AC66U?

  - by Jason94

  I have the ASUS RT-AC66U and I want to add a USB storage to it. It has 2x USB, and Im already using one for my printer. So the last one I want to use to attach a USB storage, and I've read some reviews stating the throughput of the USB could be up to 18 mb/s. So in regard of USB storage, should I care about hard disk cache? Simple powered-over-usb seems to have 8 mb cache, other (externally powered) has 16 for instance.

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• Tcp window size won't go above 130048

  - by Roger

  I have 2 servers set up with about 80ms latency between them. Both are centos 6 and run a java app that transfers data from on location to another. Both are on 1gbps connections. I have been trying different sysctl settings and different send & receive buffer settings in java but no matter what I set them to, I cannot get the tcp window size to go above 130048 in the tcp dumps. This equates to roughly 13mbps which is the actual throughput I am getting.

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