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  • Why is there "data" and "newtype" in Haskell?

    - by martingw
    To me it seems that a newtype definition is just a data definition that obeys some restrictions (only one constructor and such), and that due to these restrictions the runtime system can handle newtypes more efficiently. Ok, and the handling of pattern matching for undefined values is slightly different. But suppose Haskell would only knew data definitions, no newtypes: Couldn't the compiler find out for himself whether a given data definition obeys these restrictions, and automatically treat it more efficiently? I'm sure I'm missing out on something, these Haskell designers are so clever, there must be some deeper reason for this...

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  • In which situation is the c++/c# namespace approach better than the Java approach?

    - by mike g
    The reason I ask this is that c# could easily have copied the java convention, or a variation of it, but opted for the more flexible approach of explicitly declaring namespaces inside files. As a Java programmer often there are things that I wish I could do differently, but namespaces is not one of them. The flexbility has a certain overhead (extra braces, extra decisions for developers, making it harder to view a projects contributions to the namespace, at least without a specialist IDE). So what practical examples are there when this flexiblity is advantageous?

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  • Mandatory method documentation

    - by Sjoerd
    On my previous job, providing all methods with javadoc was mandatory, which resulted in things like this: /** * Sets the Frobber. * * @param frobber The frobber */ public setFrobber(Frobber frobber) { ... } As you can see, the documentation adds little to the code, but takes up space and work. Should documenting all methods be mandatory or optional? Is there a rule for which methods to document? What are pros and cons of requiring every method to be documented?

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  • Application wide messaging... without singletons?

    - by StormianRootSolver
    So, I want to go for a more Singleton - less design in the future. However, there seem to be a lot of tasks in an application that can't be done in meaningful way without singletons. I call them "application wide services", but they also fall into the same category as the cross cutting concerns, which I usually fix via AOP. Lets take an example: I want an application wide message queue that dispatches messages to components, every component can subscribe and publish there, it's a very nice multicast thing. The message queue and dispatching system are usually a (rather short) singleton class, which is very easy to implement in, say, C#. You can even use double dispatching and utilize message type metadata and the like, it's all so easy to do, it's almost trivial. However, having singletons is not really "object oriented design" (it introduces global variables) and it makes testing harder. Do you have any ideas? I'm asking this question because I'm willing to learn more about this topic, a LOT more. :-)

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  • Guidelines for solution source code organisation(OO/DDD)

    - by fearofawhackplanet
    I'm starting on my first business project (.NET) and am trying to follow DDD principles. Are there any guidelines or common patterns for orgaining source code and namespaces? For example, do your domain objects go in a namespace MyProject.Domain or whatever? Would you separate the concrete implementations and the interfaces? In different namespaces? Different folders? Different solutions? I know a lot of this is subjective and dependent on project size, but a few pointers or suggestions to get started on a relatively small but extensible n-tier project would be useful.

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  • Graph search problem with route restrictions

    - by Darcara
    I want to calculate the most profitable route and I think this is a type of traveling salesman problem. I have a set of nodes that I can visit and a function to calculate cost for traveling between nodes and points for reaching the nodes. The goal is to reach a fixed known score while minimizing the cost. This cost and rewards are not fixed and depend on the nodes visited before. The starting node is fixed. There are some restrictions on how nodes can be visited. Some simplified examples include: Node B can only be visited after A After node C has been visited, D or E can be visited. Visiting at least one is required, visiting both is permissible. Z can only be visited after at least 5 other nodes have been visited Once 50 nodes have been visited, the nodes A-M will no longer reward points Certain nodes can (and probably must) be visited multiple times Currently I can think of only two ways to solve this: a) Genetic Algorithms, with the fitness function calculating the cost/benefit of the generated route b) Dijkstra search through the graph, since the starting node is fixed, although the large number of nodes will probably make that not feasible memory wise. Are there any other ways to determine the best route through the graph? It doesn't need to be perfect, an approximated path is perfectly fine, as long as it's error acceptable. Would TSP-solvers be an option here?

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  • Does Anyone Still Prefer N-Tier Architecture After Having *Shipped* an MVC Application?

    - by Jim G.
    Other SO threads have asked people if they prefer N-Tier or MVC architecture. I'm not looking to continue that debate on this thread. I'm looking for something more specific. My Question: Does Anyone Still Prefer N-Tier Architecture After Having Shipped an MVC Application? Reason for My Question: Before I shipped an MVC web application, I wasn't convinced that it was superior to N-Tier Architecture. Specifically, if better unit testing was the only obvious benefit of MVC, then I saw no reason to switch gears and adopt a new architecture. But after having shipped an MVC application, I can see many benefits (which have been enumerated on other threads).

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  • Inter-rater agreement (Fleiss' Kappa, Krippendorff's Alpha etc) Java API?

    - by adam
    I am working on building a Question Classification/Answering corpus as a part of my masters thesis. I'm looking at evaluating my expected answer type taxonomy with respect to inter-rater agreement/reliability, and I was wondering: Does anybody know of any decent (preferably free) Java API(s) that can do this? I'm reasonably certain all I need is Fleiss' Kappa and Krippendorff's Alpha at this point. Weka provides a kappa statistic in it's evaluation package, but I think it can only evaluate a classifier and I'm not at that stage yet (because I'm still building the data set and classes). Thanks.

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  • int i vs int index etc. Which one is better?

    - by Earlz
    Coming from a C background I've always used int i for generic loop variables. Of course in big nested loops or other complex things I may use a descriptive name but which one had you rather see? int i; for(i=0;i<Controls.Count;i++){ DoStuff(Controls[i]); } or int index; for(index=0;index<Controls.Count;index++){ DoStuff(Controls[index]); } In the current project I am working on there are both of these styles and index being replaced by ndx. Which one is better? Is the i variable too generic? Also what about the other C style names? i, j, k Should all of these be replaced by actual descriptive variables?

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  • Creating our own APIs

    - by Markii
    We need a bunch of APIs for our service and are looking at the job as being quite tedious for starting from scratch because we need strict user restrictions such as max queries and usage statistics. Are there any pre-made services or scripts for this already?

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  • Link to Google Streetview using Lat/Long

    - by Dan Monego
    I'm trying to make an app that links to Google streetview using latitude/longitude coordinates, and shows a streetview of the nearest road. This is coming from a fairly small and well covered area, so there isn't going to be any coordinates in the middle of the ocean. Is there a published API showing the get parameters you need to link directly to streetview?

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  • Interface explosion problem

    - by Benny
    I am implementing a screen using MVP pattern, with more feature added to the screen, I am adding more and more methods to the IScreen/IPresenter interface, hence, the IScreen/IPresenter interface is becoming bigger and bigger, what should I do to cope with this situation?

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  • Questions to ask a client before beginning a website

    - by Jason
    I am aware of this question which deals with the technical aspects of website construction, but I was unable to find any place with suggestions on knowledge you must obtain from a client before undergoing a project. As someone who freelances on the side, I think this could be incredibly useful. What important questions must one ask the client (and require an answer to) before undergoing a website? or, in other words, What must you know about the project before starting it? This can range from "When do I get paid?" to "How many pages will the site be?". I believe this is relevant to programming because you must know how to communicate with your client to get all the information necessary before you can begin programming. If not, downstream changes can put a serious delay on the project from things not hashed out beforehand. Thanks!

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  • What is a Custom Class?

    - by John Saunders
    Many questions here on SO ask about custom classes. I, on the other hand, have no idea what they're talking about. "Custom class" seems to mean the same thing I mean when I say "class". What did I miss, back in the '80s, that keeps me from understanding? I know that it's possible to purchase a packaged system - for Accounting, ERP, or something like that. You can then customize it, or add "custom code" to make the package do things that are specific to your business. But that doesn't describe the process used in writing a .NET program. In this case, the entire purpose of the .NET Framework is to allow us to write our own code. There is nothing useful out of the box.

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  • Scala puts precedence on implicit conversion over "natural" operations... Why? Is this a bug? Or am

    - by Alex R
    This simple test, of course, works as expected: scala var b = 2 b: Int = 2 scala b += 1 scala b res3: Int = 3 Now I bring this into scope: class A(var x: Int) { def +=(y:Int) { this.x += y } } implicit def int2A(i:Int) : A = new A(i) I'm defining a new class and a += operation on it. I never expected this would affect the way my regular Ints behave. But it does: scala var b:Int = 0 b: Int = 0 scala b += 1 scala b res29: Int = 0 scala b += 2 scala b res31: Int = 0 Scala seems to prefer the implicit conversion over the natural += that is already defined to Ints. That leads to several questions... Why? Is this a bug? Is it by design? Is there a work-around (other than not using "+=")? Thanks

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  • Code Golf: Connecting the dots

    - by ChristopheD
    Description: The input are multiple lines (terminated by a newline) which describe a 'field'. There are 'numbers' scattered across this field: the numbers always start at 1 they follow the ordering of the natural numbers: every 'next number' is incremented with 1 every number is surrounded by (at least) one whitespace on it's left and right Task: Draw lines between these numbers in their natural order (1 -> 2 -> 3 -> ...N) with the following characteristics: replace a number with a '+' character for horizontal lines: use '-' for vertical lines: use '|' going left and down or right and up: / going left and up or right and down: \ Important note: When drawing lines of type 4 and 5 you can assume that : (given points to connect with coordinates x1, y1 and x2, y2) distance(x1,x2) == distance(y1,y2). Have a look at the examples to see where you should 'attach' the lines. It is important to follow the order in which the dots are connected (newer lines can be drawn over older lines). Sample input 1 9 10 8 7 6 5 11 13 12 3 4 14 15 16 1 2 Sample output 1 /+ / | / | +/ +--+ | +\ | \ | \+ /+ | / | /+-------------+/ +---+ / | +--+ | + | +--------------------------+ Sample input 2 4 2 3 5 6 1 8 7 Sample output 2 /+ / | / | / | /+------------------+/ +--------+\ / \ +/ +--------------------------------------+ Winner: shortest solution (by code count). Input can be read via command line.

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  • Starting a personal reuasable code repository.

    - by Rob Stevenson-Leggett
    Hi, I've been meaning to start a library of reusable code snippets for a while and never seem to get round to it. At the moment I just tend to have some transient classes/files that I drag out of old projects. I think my main problems are: Where to start. What structure should my repository take? Should it be a compiled library (where appropriate) or just classes/files I can drop into any project? Or a library project that can be included? What are the licencing implications of that? In my experience, a built/minified library will quickly become out of date and the source will get lost. So I'm leaning towards source that I can export from SVN and include in any project. Intellectual property. I am employeed, so a lot of the code I write is not my IP. How can I ensure that I don't give my own IP away using it on projects in work and at home? I'm thinking the best way would be to licence my library with an open source licence and make sure I only add to it in my own time using my own equipment and therefore making sure that if I use it in a work project the same rules apply as if I was using a third party library. I write in many different languages and often would require two or more parts of this library. Should I look at implementing a few template projects and a core project for each of my chosen reusable components and languages? Has anyone else got this sort of library and how do you organise and update it?

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  • Stop overlooking minor details

    - by Mark Lubin
    Compared to most people on this site I am admittedly a novice. I wanted to get some advice from the pros on how to avoid making stupid errors in your code. Is there anyone else who had the problem when they were first starting out of missing some detail that causes big problems? Are there any habits or behaviors that helped you over come this.

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  • Methods in Ruby: objects or not?

    - by Mladen Jablanovic
    Inspired by this discussion, after some googling I wasn't able to find an answer to a pretty simple question regarding methods in Ruby: are they objects or not? There are different opinions here and there, and I would really like to hear, let's say, an in-depth explanation. I'm aware of Object#method method, which takes a method name and returns a Method instance, but, on the other hand, there's a similar thing you can do with blocks to make them into Proc instances, and blocks aren't objects, so what makes methods any different?

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