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• No network connection for vmware esxi guests

  - by JavaDev

  I'm new to VMware and setting up an Esxi server as a trial with the intention of possibly virtualizing some of our servers in the near future. I have setup ESXi on a Dell poweredge server, and installed a Centos 5.6 and Ubuntu 11.04 guest os on the server. However I cannot get networking on my guest OS's. The host is connected to a network with a DHCP server via a switch and is configured with a static IP. I have the default set-up for networking on the host: both guests are connected to the default vmnic1 adapter via the virtual switch vSwitch0. One thing though, the virtual adapter shows 'Observed IP ranges' to be XXX.XXX.XXX.194-XXX.XXX.XXX.195 (I've blanked out the initial prefixes) i.e just 1 address, even though the network the host is connected to has the usual 255.255.255.0 subnet mask. On the guest machines (using DHCP) by default, I can see an eth0 interface but with no connection or assigned IP address. A physical machine connected to the network gets a DHCP lease as expected. How do I get networking working on my guest OSes? Apologies for the long-winded question.

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• Unable to resize ec2 ebs root volume

  - by nathanjosiah

  I have followed many of the tutorials that pretty much all say the same thing which is basically: Stop the instance Detach the volume Create a snapshot of the volume Create a bigger volume from the snapshot Attach the new volume to the instance Start the instance back up Run resize2fs /dev/xxx However, step 7 is where the problems start happening. In any case running resize2fs always tells me that it is already xxxxx blocks big and does nothing, even with -f passed. So I start to continue with tutorials which all basically say the same thing and that is: Delete all partitons Recreate them back to what they were except with the bigger sizes Reboot the instance and run resize2fs (I have tried these steps both from the live instance and by attaching the volume to another instance and running the commands there) The main problem is that the instance won't start back up again and the system error log provided in the AWS console doesn't provide any errors. (it does however stop at the grub bootloader which to me indicates that it doesn't like the partitions(yes, the boot flag was toggled on the partition with no affect)) The other thing that happens regardless of what changes I make to the partitions is that the instance that the volume is attached to says that the partition has an invalid magic number and the super-block is corrupt. However, if I make no changes and reattach the volume, the instance runs without a problem. Can anybody shed some light on what I could be doing wrong? Edit On my new volume of 20GB with the 6GB image,df -h says: Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/xvde1 5.8G 877M 4.7G 16% / tmpfs 836M 0 836M 0% /dev/shm And fdisk -l /dev/xvde says: Disk /dev/xvde: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x7d833f39 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/xvde1 1 766 6144000 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/xvde2 766 784 146432 82 Linux swap / Solaris Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary. Also, sudo resize2fs /dev/xvde1 says: resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) The filesystem is already 1536000 blocks long. Nothing to do!

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• Using Truecrypt to secure mySQL database, any pitfalls?

  - by Saul

  The objective is to secure my database data from server theft, i.e. the server is at a business office location with normal premises lock and burglar alarm, but because the data is personal healthcare data I want to ensure that if the server was stolen the data would be unavailable as encrypted. I'm exploring installing mySQL on a mounted Truecrypt encrypted volume. It all works fine, and when I power off, or just cruelly pull the plug the encrypted drive disappears. This seems a load easier than encrypting data to the database, and I understand that if there is a security hole in the web app , or a user gets physical access to a plugged in server the data is compromised, but as a sanity check , is there any good reason not to do this? @James I'm thinking in a theft scenario, its not going to be powered down nicely and so is likely to crash any DB transactions running. But then if someone steals the server I'm going to need to rely on my off site backup anyway. @tomjedrz, its kind of all sensitive, individual personal and address details linked to medical referrals/records. Would be as bad in our field as losing credit card data, but means that almost everything in the database would need encryption... so figured better to run the whole DB in an encrypted partition. If encrypt data in the tables there's got to be a key somewhere on the server I'm presuming, which seems more of a risk if the box walks. At the moment the app is configured to drop a dump of data (weekly full and then deltas only hourly using rdiff) into a directory also on the Truecrypt disk. I have an off site box running WS_FTP Pro scheduled to connect by FTPs and synch down the backup, again into a Truecrypt mounted partition.

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• NAT via iptables and virtual interface

  - by Alex

  I'm trying to implement the following scenario: One VM-host, multiple guest VMs, each one gets its own IP-address (and domain). Our server has only one physical interface, so the intended use is to add virtual interfaces on eth0. To complicate our situation the provider uses port-security on their switches, so I can't run the guest interfaces in bridged mode, because then the switch detects a "spoofed" MAC-address and kills the interface (permanently, forcing me to call the support, which I'm sure will get them a little bit angry the third time ;) ). My first guess was to use iptables and NAT to forward all packages from one virtual interface to another one, but iptables doesn't seem to like virtual interfaces (at least I can't get it to work properly). So my second guess is to use the source IP of the packages to the public interface. Let's assume libvirt creates a virbr0-network with 192.168.100.0/24 and the guest uses 192.168.100.2 as IP-address. This is what I tried to use: iptables -t nat -I PREROUTING --src public_ip_on_eth0:0 -p tcp --dport 80 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.100.2:80 That doesn't give me the intended results either (accessing the server times out). Is there a way to do what I'm trying to do, or even to route all traffic to a certain IP on a virtual interface to the VM's device?

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• How to improve Samba performance on VirtualBox machine?

  - by ColinM

  I am running a Windows 7 64bit host and Ubuntu 9.04 32bit guest inside of VirtualBox 4.0.0 on a laptop which has internet connectivity via Wifi. The main use is writing code for which I use Netbeans. My dev environment is hte virtual machine and I use Samba on the VM to share the code directory so that I can use Netbeans on the host as my IDE. Unfortunately Netbeans does a lot of disk access and due to the poor Samba performance it makes the IDE hardly usable. How can I improve performance of the Samba share? On my desktop it isn't so bad but I don't know what the difference would be since they are similar setups (Win 7 hosts, cloned guests, SSDs, Vbox guests using SATA in AHCI mode, etc..). With Bridged networking is the performance between the host and guest limited by the physical hardware (Intel 6200 AGN on laptop)? I switched to Host-only and it didn't seem to improve performance at all. To clarify bad performance, I used 7zip to zip a project directory and got 19kbs to 500kbs depending on the size of the files being zipped. On my desktop it was in the ~10mbs range. Any tips for VirtualBox/Samba configuration to get improve the performance? I am using Samba 3.3.2. Hopefully Samba with SMB2 support will be released soon..

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• Can't ping localhost/or reach locally hosted domain

  - by Ian

  I can't reach a locally hosted domain, and in testing I have discovered I can't ping localhost or the actual IP either. OS is Windows7 64bit, Pro. DNS works, I can ping others on my network, they can ping me, and they can reach the hosted domain. The ONLY problem I have found is that I can't reach the locally hosted domains! C:\Users\ianipconfig /all Windows IP Configuration Host Name . . . . . . . . . . . . : leda Primary Dns Suffix . . . . . . . : Node Type . . . . . . . . . . . . : Hybrid IP Routing Enabled. . . . . . . . : No WINS Proxy Enabled. . . . . . . . : No DNS Suffix Search List. . . . . . : hcs Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : hcs Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Atheros AR8121/AR8113/AR8114 PCI-E Ethern et Controller Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-23-54-7C-E2-2A DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : No Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.0.12(Preferred) Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.0.1 DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.0.1 NetBIOS over Tcpip. . . . . . . . : Enabled Ethernet adapter VirtualBox Host-Only Network #2: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Description . . . . . . . . . . . : VirtualBox Host-Only Ethernet Adapter #2 Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 08-00-27-00-88-4A DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : No Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes Autoconfiguration IPv4 Address. . : 169.254.205.215(Preferred) Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.0.0 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : NetBIOS over Tcpip. . . . . . . . : Enabled C:\Users\ianping localhost Pinging leda [127.0.0.1] with 32 bytes of data: Request timed out. Request timed out. Request timed out. Request timed out. Ping statistics for 127.0.0.1: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 0, Lost = 4 (100% loss), C:\Users\ianping coachmaster.leda.hcs Pinging coachmaster.leda.hcs [192.168.0.12] with 32 bytes of data: Request timed out. Request timed out. Request timed out. Request timed out. Ping statistics for 192.168.0.12: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 0, Lost = 4 (100% loss), C:\Users\ian I can reach a hosted VM in VirtualBox and the VM can browse the hosted sites. I've removed Zone Alarm and disabled Windows Firewall - same results. So how can I browse my locally hosted sited? What could be blocking it? Thanks Ian

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• Fixing damaged partition table

  - by dr4cul4

  This is continuation of Recover Extended Partition , but this time I have different problem related partition table it self. I managed to restore partition that I needed and backed up files that were crucial to me (at least those that I had space to store somewhere) OK now get to the problem. My partition table is corrupted, booting RIP Linux I can mount it in truecrypt (and other ones that recovered), but that's basically it. When I launch GParted I have unallocated drive. GParted Dev info: Device Information Model: ATA ST2000DL003-9VT1 Size: 1.82TiB Path: /dev/sda Partition table: unrecognized Heads: 255 Sectors/track: 63 Cylinders: 243201 Total Sectors: 3907029168 Sector size: 512 When I check information on unallocated space I get: File system: unallocated Size: 1.82TiB First sector: 0 Last sector: 3907029167 Total sectors: 3907029168 Warning: Can't have a partition outside the disk! Now the output of testdisc (Analyze): TestDisk 6.13, Data Recovery Utility, November 2011 Christophe GRENIER <[email protected]> http://www.cgsecurity.org Disk /dev/sda - 2000 GB / 1863 GiB - CHS 243201 255 63 Current partition structure: Partition Start End Size in sectors > 1 P Linux 13132 242 39 16353 233 8 51744768 2 E extended LBA 16807 223 1 243201 254 63 3637021626 No partition is bootable 5 L Linux 16807 223 57 20430 39 25 58191872 X extended 20430 70 1 243201 78 13 3578816632 Invalid NTFS or EXFAT boot 6 L HPFS - NTFS 20430 71 58 243201 78 13 3578816512 6 LNext Now fdisk: # fdisk -l /dev/sda Disk /dev/sda: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders, total 3907029168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00039cd0 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 210980864 262725631 25872384 83 Linux /dev/sda2 270018504 3907040129 1818510813 f W95 Ext'd (LBA) /dev/sda5 270018560 328210431 29095936 83 Linux /dev/sda6 328212480 3907028991 1789408256 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT Now I would like to fix that to arrange partitions correctly, but I have no idea which tool is capable of fixing that (tried, a few, some of them offered fixing, but it was to risky at the moment - still backing up data).

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• Microsoft Deployment Toolkit 2012 Error

  - by Jacob Schaer

  I just started with MDT2012 recently in hopes of eventually getting away with using Ghost to deploy all of our department computers. When I test deploy in VirtualBox, it deploys the OS properly, but stops because of a network driver failure (it gets the "could not allocate resources" issue). On physical hardware (Latitude E6500, Optiplex 980, and an older Latitude) it gets through the multicast and stops immediately after with: "Setup was unable to create a new system partition or locate an existing system partition. See the Setup log files for more information" I've looked at the logs and never see anything really of note. Originally I was using DriverPacks from DriverPacks.net, but thinking it was a driver issue, I switched over to using Dell's cab driver packs. Still the same issue. I check and it did the HDD is all fine - it was properly partitioned, set to bootable, and was loaded with all the proper OS installer files. I'm using a flash drive to do the install - when I make changes to the deployment share I rebuild and copy the ISO to the drive, then use YUMI multiboot to start the ISO (probably irrelevant).

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• Slower/cached Linux file system required

  - by Chopper3

  I know it sounds odd but I need a slower or cached filesystem. I have a lot of firewalls that are syslog'ing their data to a pair of Linux VMs which write these files to their 'local' (actually FC SAN attached) ext3-formatted disks and also forward the messages to our Splunk servers. The problem is that the syslog server is writing these syslog messages as hundreds, sometimes thousands, of tiny ~4k writes per second back to our FC SAN - which can handle this workload right now but our FW traffic's going to be growing by at least a factor of 5000% (really) in coming months and that'll be a pain for the SAN, I want to fix the root cause before it's a problem. So I need some help figuring out a way of getting these writes cached or held-off in some way from the 'physical' disks so that the VMs fire off larger, but less frequent, writes - there's no way of avoiding these writes but there's no need for it to do so many tiny ones. I've looked at the various ext3 options, setting noatime and nodiratime but that's not made much of a dent in the problem. Obviously I'm investigating other file systems but thought I'd throw this out in case others have the same problem in the future. Oh and I can't just forward these messages to Splunk, our firewall team insist they're in their original format for diag purposes.

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• How to install (old) packages for Ubuntu 9.04?

  - by wchrisjohnson

  Based on some excellent feedback by Mark here (http://serverfault.com/questions/285598/should-i-clone-a-physical-server-to-create-a-vm-for-a-staging-server), today I was able to use the vmware converter to clone my production server for a staging server. However the nic won't come up no matter what I do. I attempted to inistall vmware tools, as I suspect that the fact that it is not installed might prevent the nic from working. (I have the nic set as a vmxnet3 card in the vm settings). The install failed because there were several dependencies missing as well as the Linux headers. Given that Ubuntu 9.04 has been EOL'd, the packages I need to install to get the vmware tools to install are no longer available. I doubt the ubuntu 9.04 install CD has the packages on it. What are my options? I'd rather not upgrade the version of Ubuntu yet, as the point of the vm right now is to maintain parity with the production server. Might I have better luck resetting the driver to use vmxnet2 instead of the vmxnet3? Thanks in advance! Chris

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• Remote Desktop leaves host unresponsive

  - by Jeff Dalley

  I have my desktop PC at home set up to accept remote connections, and I often connect to it from work on my laptop via mstsc.exe. However, every time I remote to it, I find when I go home that despite the monitor being on - it's not receiving an image and it looks as though the computer is hibernating/asleep. I basically have to restart it whenever I get home and I know there's an answer for why its doing this. More details: When exiting the remote session, I have tried both logging off the account, and closing the RDP window without logging off; both give the same result. When I get home to the desktop I of course try moving the mouse, ctrl+alt+del to see if its responsive to restart, multiple key-press to see if I can get any audio out of it; It seems pretty obvious its sleeping/hibernating in some way: Nothing happens in any of these cases and a physical restart is necessary. Both desktop and laptop are running Windows 7 Ultimate. I'm thinking it really is sleeping/hibernating it, and I'm not sure why because left alone my desktop's power options are set to never turn off the HDD or change its state - I leave it on 24/7. This could be a stupid error on my part but I just can't see it! Thanks.

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• HPET missing from available clocksources on CentOS

  - by squareone

  I am having trouble using HPET on my physical machine. It is not available, even though I have enabled it in my bios, forced it in grub, and triple checked my kernel to include HPET in its compilation. Motherboard: Supermicro X9DRW Processor: 2x Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2640 SAS Controller: LSI Logic / Symbios Logic SAS2004 PCI-Express Fusion-MPT SAS-2 [Spitfire] (rev 03) Distro: CentOS 6.3 Kernel: 3.4.21-rt32 #2 SMP PREEMPT RT x86_64 GNU/Linux Grub: hpet=force clocksource=hpet .config file: CONFIG_HPET_TIMER=y CONFIG_HPET_EMULATE_RTC=y CONFIG_HPET=y dmesg | grep hpet: Command line: ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_xxxx-lv_root rd_NO_LUKS rd_LVM_LV=vg_xxxx/lv_root KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_MD SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=auto rd_LVM_LV=vg_xxxx/lv_swap rd_NO_DM LANG=en_US.UTF-8 rhgb quiet panic=5 hpet=force clocksource=hpet Kernel command line: ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_xxxx-lv_root rd_NO_LUKS rd_LVM_LV=vg_xxxx/lv_root KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_MD SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=auto rd_LVM_LV=vg_xxxx/lv_swap rd_NO_DM LANG=en_US.UTF-8 rhgb quiet panic=5 hpet=force clocksource=hpet cat /sys/devices/system/clocksource/clocksource0/current_clocksource: tsc cat /sys/devices/system/clocksource/clocksource0/available_clocksource: tsc jiffies What is even more confusing, is that I have about a dozen other machines that utilize the same kernel .config, and can use HPET fine. I fear it is a hardware issue, but would appreciate any advice or help with getting HPET available. Thanks in advance!

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• Network Sniffing and Hubs

  - by Chris_K

  This will likely seem naive to the experts... but it has been on my mind lately. For years I've been using ntop and a cheap 4 port hub to sniff client networks to determine who's doing what -- and how much. Great way to see what's going on when they call and say "Geeze, the network seems really slow today." No need to bring in a managed switch (or access the existing one) and no need to configure spanning or mirroring. I just drop in the hub inline where I want to measure. Lately I noticed it is just about impossible to buy a real honest-to-goodness hub anymore. While looking for a new one, I had someone tell me that I should be sure to get a full-duplex hub or I'd only be seeing half the traffic when I monitor. Really? I've been using a crusty old Netgear DS104 all this time. No clue if it is half or FD. Have I really been understating my measurements? I'm just not bright enough about the physical layer to really know... Side note: Just ordered a Dualcomm Ethernet Switch TAP as a hub replacement. Seems like a nifty gadget. Any notes or tips about it would be welcome in the comments :-)

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• What I should know about memory management?

  - by bua

  first of all: I don't use stackadmin or similar so please don't vote for moving there, I'm reading man top and paper "what every programmer should know about memory ..." I need really simple explanation like for retard ;) Having following top dump: top - 11:21:19 up 37 days, 21:16, 4 users, load average: 0.41, 0.75, 1.09 Tasks: 313 total, 5 running, 308 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 0.4%us, 0.6%sy, 0.9%ni, 96.2%id, 0.1%wa, 0.0%hi, 1.9%si, 0.0%st Mem: 132103848k total, 131916948k used, 186900k free, 54000k buffers Swap: 73400944k total, 73070884k used, 330060k free, 13931192k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 3305 tudb 25 10 144m 52m 940 R 6.0 0.0 1306:09 app 3011 tudb 15 0 71528 19m 604 S 3.3 0.0 171:57.83 app 3373 tudb 25 10 209m 93m 940 S 3.0 0.1 1074:53 app 3338 tudb 25 10 144m 47m 940 R 2.7 0.0 780:48.48 app 4227 tudb 25 10 208m 99m 904 S 1.3 0.1 198:56.01 app 8506 tudb 25 10 80.7g 49g 932 S 2.0 39.6 458:31.22 app I'm wondering what is: RES (my expl. physical memory consumption ? see 49GB) VIRT (memory mapped disk to cache? see 80GB) SHR (shared pages?) Swap: (is this cached label - for memory mapped disk into swap cache?) Should sum of RES give MEM: X used? or maybe sum of VIRT?

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• Allowing Sharepoint to relay email through Exchange

  - by dunxd

  I have written a Sharepoint 2007 web part that sends a field from a form to a specified email address. I have got the form working as I require, but at present it can only send to internal email addresses. Sharepoint's email functions use SMTP to send to our Exchange 2003 server, but because our Exchange server is configured to prevent relaying, if the To: address is not at a local domain, it won't deliver the mail. I don't want to open up our Exchange server to be a completely open relay. What I want is to allow my Sharepoint servers to send mail to addresses outside our domain. The following seem possible: Allow all mail sent from one of the Sharepoint servers to be relayed Allow all mail from a web application pool account to be relayed (I am not sure that the application pool authenticates to the SMTP server though) A combination of the two Can anyone advise on the best way of doing this? Is setting up a dedicated SMTP server on the Exchange server (not a separate physical server) the right way of going about this? EDIT: Note this is for Exchange 2003. There is a post on setting this up in Exchange 2007 which appears to have recognised the frequent requirement to do what I need. It doesn't give much detail on 2003 though. Can anyone expand?

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• Installing a new Motherboard in a HP xw6200 case

  - by thing2k

  I have a HP xw6200 Workstation, that is rather long in the tooth, and with 2 physical CPUs, it is quite inefficient. So, the plan was to upgrade the internals. Nothing special: AMD Athlon II X4 640 ASUS M4A78KT-M LE (mATX) 2x 2GB DDR3 1333MHz RAM. 3p under my £150 budget The issues: The pin connector for the front panel isn't a good fit, but I can trim it to size. The PSU has a 8-Pin Power connector, unsurprisingly, the new board has a 4 pin socket. The pins do line up, but I would have to cut it in half to fit. Finally, due to the weight of heat-sinks, they are screwed directly into the case. It turns out that these screws also lock the motherboard in place. As to remove it, you remove the heat-sinks, slide the motherboard across and lift it out. I tested the new board for fit, and while it slots in fine, it's not secure. There is nowhere to screw the board down, it is just held in place with plastic standoffs. The only idea I had, was to wedging something between the side of the motherboard and part of the case. Any suggestions?

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• Why just splitting an Ethernet cable does not work?

  - by Sin Jeong-hun

  I thought the Ethernet is logically one-line communication bus (for argument's sake, I am excluding hubs). All machines attached in the bus hears the same signals and the machines themselves try to avoid collisions by randomly backing off. http://computer.howstuffworks.com/ethernet6.htm If so, why splitting one Ethernet line from my home router into two and connecting two computers would not work? Why do I have to add a switch to it? *What the Internet said would not work. [4 port home router] ------[one Ethernet cable]-----[simple splitter]======[two computers] *What the Internet said I should do [4 port home router] ------[one Ethernet cable]-----[switch]======[two computers] Is this because of the signal degradation (reduced electric current)? Thank you for all the answers! The reason why I did not just use the two ports of my home router is... The 4-port gigabit router is in my room and I had put a computer in another room (also my room, though). Since wired network is far more reliable and secure, I had bought a long Ethernet cable and and connected the computer to the router. Now I was thinking about adding another computer to that room. I could buy another long Ethernet cable, but then there will be two cables between the rooms. The one line already is a minor annoyance, so I thought if I could share the one line between the two computers in that room. A switch would work, but it requires power and is a little bit pricey. That is why I wondered why it would not work to simply split the physical Ethernet cable. Apparently I do not completely understand how Ethernet and a switch work. I just have some bit of knowledge I heard in my college class.

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• File descriptor linked to socket or pipe in proc

  - by primero

  i have a question regarding the file descriptors and their linkage in the proc file system. I've observed that if i list the file descriptors of a certain process from proc ls -la /proc/1234/fd i get the following output: lr-x------ 1 root root 64 Sep 13 07:12 0 -> /dev/null l-wx------ 1 root root 64 Sep 13 07:12 1 -> /dev/null l-wx------ 1 root root 64 Sep 13 07:12 2 -> /dev/null lr-x------ 1 root root 64 Sep 13 07:12 3 -> pipe:[2744159739] l-wx------ 1 root root 64 Sep 13 07:12 4 -> pipe:[2744159739] lrwx------ 1 root root 64 Sep 13 07:12 5 -> socket:[2744160313] lrwx------ 1 root root 64 Sep 13 07:12 6 -> /var/lib/log/some.log I get the meaning of a file descriptor and i understand from my example the file descriptors 0 1 2 and 6, they are tied to physical resources on my computer, and also i guess 5 is connected to some resource on the network(because of the socket), but what i don't understand is the meaning of the numbers in the brackets. Do the point to some property of the resource? Also why are some of the links broken? And lastly as long as I asked a question already :) what is pipe?

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• Hard Reset USB in Ubuntu 10.04

  - by Cory

  I have a USB device (a modem) that is really finicky. Sometimes it works fine, but other times it refuses to connect. The only solution I have found to fix it once it gets into a bad state is to physically unplug the device and plug it back in. However, I don't always have physical access to the machine it is plugged in on, so I'm looking for a way to do this through the command line. This post suggests running: $ sudo modprobe -w -r usb_storage; sudo modprobe usb_storage However I get an "unknown option -w" output. This slightly modified command: $ sudo modprobe -r usb_storage Fails with the message FATAL: Module usb_storage is in use. If I try to kill -9 the processes marked [usb-storage] before running they refuse to die (I think because they are deeply tied to the kernel). Anyone know of a way to do this? NOTE: I cross-posted this on serverfault as I didn't know which was more appropriate. I will delete and/or link whichever one is answered first.

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• Siege - running a stress test benchmark

  - by morgoth84

  I need to do a benchmark test of a HTTPS server using Siege, to see how it behaves under massive load. I'm initiating tests from another machine which is quite powerful and it is connected to the same physical switch the server is connected on. But when I initiate a test, I can't get it to make more than 170 requests per second. With this load the server's CPU usage is at 15-20% and the average response time for a request is approx. 0.03 seconds. Load of the client machine is approx. at 10%. So, I gradually increase the number of users in Siege (the number of worker threads) and request rate linearly increases up to 170 reqs/sec, but it never gets over it. No matter how many more worker threads I start, the load on the server is never more than 20% (and the client's load also doesn't increase any more). How can I overcome this? I've googled a bit and found out that after a request is completed, a socket associated with one ephermal port remains in WAIT_TIME state for some time during which it can't be reused. I tried to overcome this by doing these things: sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range="1024 65535" echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_tw_recycle Oh, and the client machine is a Linux (RedHat, I think, but I'm not sure). Any help would be appreciated.

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• vSphere education - What are the downsides of configuring virtual machines with *too* much RAM?

  - by ewwhite

  VMware memory management seems to be a tricky balancing act. With cluster RAM, Resource Pools, VMware's management techniques (TPS, ballooning, host swapping), in-guest RAM utilization, swapping, reservations, shares and limits, there are a lot of variables. I'm in a situation where clients are using dedicated vSphere cluster resources. However, they are configuring the virtual machines as though they were on physical hardware. In turn, this means a standard VM build may have 4 vCPUs and 16GB or more of RAM. I come from the school of starting small (1 vCPU, minimal RAM), checking real-world use and adjusting up as necessary. Some examples from a "problem" cluster. Resource pool summary - Looks almost 4:1 overcommitted. Note the high amount of ballooned RAM. Resource allocation - The Worst Case Allocation column shows that these VMs would have access to less than 50% of their configured RAM under constrained conditions. The real-time memory utilization graph of the top VM in the listing above. 4 vCPU and 64GB RAM allocated. It averages under 9GB use. Summary of the same VM What are the downsides of overcommitting and overconfiguring resources (specifically RAM) in vSphere environments? Assuming that the VMs can run in less RAM, is it fair to say that there's overhead to configuring virtual machines with more RAM than they need? What is the counter-argument to: "if a VM has 16GB of RAM allocated, but only uses 4GB, what's the problem??"? E.g. do customers need to be educated? What specific metric should be used to meter RAM usage. Tracking the peaks of "Active" versus time?

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• File corruption (bad checksums) in large files copied to VMware guest

  - by AllanA

  In setting up a development lab, I've got a desktop system running ESXi 4.1.0 (free license) on SATA RAID 0 (already purchased and configured when I started this job; I'm open to hardware input as it pertains to my problem.) Its guests so far include two Win2008 Server R2 64-bit VMs and on Ubuntu 10.04 64-bit VM. I'm installing onto the Windows servers. We've been copying off some fairly large files (over a gigabyte) for an installation, hoping to install more quickly from a (virtual) hard drive than from the network for from BD-ROM. The problem is that they keep coming up with different checksums from the originals. The file sizes are the same, but md5sum reports different numbers (and so does the installer, as it refuses to continue when the checksums don't match.) I've tried copying directly from the BD-ROM (attaching the OS drive to the host system's physical drive). I've tried copying the large files onto a co-worker's Windows machine from his Blu-Ray drive; when I do that, the checksums match. But when I copy from his machine to the VM guest over a network share, the checksums no longer match. Thinking this meant a corrupt destination drive, I deleted it in vSphere and added another freshly created drive. The problem persists. I'm not sure what to try next.

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• Exchange 2010 mail routing with Hub Transport in multiple sites

  - by jmreicha

  I have two separate physical sites, Site A and Site B. In site A, I have following: 2 CAS servers 2 Hub Transport servers 2 Mailbox servers 2 Edge servers In site B, I have the following: 1 CAS 1 Hub 1 Mailbox 1 Edge Currently everything is working out of site A. That is, all users are housed on mailboxes that are in site A and all inbound mail flow is pointing to site A. I would eventually like to be able to move some of the mailboxes to site B without causing a disruption for resliency and redundancy purposes but I am not quite sure how to go about setting this up or if it is even possible. So far I have created an Edge subscription in site B and am able to send emails out from test accounts set up with mailboxes on the site B Mailbox server. However, I am unable to receive incoming mail messages and am confused. So I'm thinking incoming mail messages are still being directed to site A and then they are getting stuck because there is no way to route the mail to the site B mailboxes. Is this assumption correct? I am unfamiliar with mail flow and routing so I am not really sure what I need to be looking at? Would I add the site B hub transport to the Edge subscription in site A? Or I guess more specifically, how would I go about enabling communication and mail flow between mailboxes split up on site A and B?

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• Setting up test an dlive enviornment - how?

  - by Sean

  I am a bit new to servers and stuff so had a question. I have my development team working on my website. They are in different countries and currently they put all the work live on the test site. But the test site is open to anyone who knows the URL. It is behind a directory but this effects my QA process because i cannot use the accurate URL structures to prevent the general public from seeing it. So what I want to do it: Have my site live on the net but only for me and my team, so like an internal network. Also I will need to mirror this to my live site when i put it live. So i guess this is something like setting up a staging and live environment. So how to do it and are both environments on the same physical server or do i need to buy two servers? And if i setup a staging environment how will i access it and my team since we are all spread out so i assume we need to log into something to access it? What about the URL - do i need a different URL for the test site or can i use the same live url for the test site? I plan to get a dedicated server + CDN for my site.

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• Boot stuck at blinking cursor before GRUB - only works via BIOS boot menu

  - by delta1

  I have a new box running Debian Squeeze. Grub is installed on /dev/sda, but when booting up I just get a blinking cursor, before the Grub menu. I can only boot to grub successfully when I choose boot options (during post) and select that specific drive! I have made sure the correct drive is set to boot first in the BIOS. So Grub works, but the system won't boot to that drive automatically? Any ideas on what could cause this? Drives sda/b/c are all 2TB (sda runs the system with b/c as raid device md0) with the following partitions: $ cat /proc/partitions major minor #blocks name 8 0 1953514584 sda 8 1 977 sda1 8 2 9765625 sda2 8 3 6445313 sda3 8 4 1937302627 sda4 8 32 1953514584 sdc 8 16 1953514584 sdb 9 0 1953513424 md0 but # fdisk -l /dev/sda gives WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sda'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted. Disk /dev/sda: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 1 243202 1953514583+ ee GPT Any insight into this strange behaviour would be greatly appreciated.

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